Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Érythropoïèse'
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Bonafoux, Béatrice. "Le transcriptome du réticulocyte : marqueurs moléculaires de la lignée érythroïde, intérêt en biologie humaine." Montpellier 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON1T028.
Full textNiloofar, Reihani. "Nouveaux rôles des progéniteurs érythoïdes et du globule rouge dans la physiopathologie de la maladie de Gaucher." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC110.
Full textGaucher disease (GD) is an inherited rare disease caused by P-Glucocerebrosidase deficiency, leading to glycosphingolipid accumulation in cells of the mononuclear-macrophage lineage. Visceral enlargement, bone involvement, thrombocytopenia and mild anemia are the major manifestations of GD. We investigated the hematological characteristics of GD patients. We did not find any index related to hemolysis but some features of anemia with a central origin were evidenced. Lndeed, anemic patients exhibit low reticulocyte counts than expected, despite elevated erythropoietin, Growth differentiation factor-15 and soluble Transferrine receptor's levels (markers of ineffective erythropoiesis) in plasma. In vitro erythropoiesis experiences from peripheral CD34+ cells revealed an accelerated differentiation of erythroid progenitors in GD patients when experiments were performed with, but even without macrophages (MP), suggesting an inherent defect in erythroid progenitors. Our previous studies demonstrated red blond cells (RBC) abnormalities in GD. We studied the effects of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) on RBC abnormalities. We showed that ERT normalized morphological and deformability defects of GD RBC but not their adherence and aggregation properties. These results suggested a role of RBCs in vaso-occlusion crises and bone infarcts in GD and could explain the persistence of these symptoms in some treated patients. These experiments demonstrate an anemia with central defect and the dyserythropoiesis independently of MP defects in GD. They confirm RBC abnormalities, in part normalized by the ERT and highlight the role of the erythroid compartment in the physiopathology of GD
Claessens, Yann-Erick. "Etude de la dysérythropoièse au cours des syndromes myélodysplasiques de bas grade." Paris 5, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA05P632.
Full textAnemia is a common feature in low grade myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). However mechanisms responsible for this are unresolved. We describe a model of liquid cultures allowing the in vitro development of the erythroid lineage from CD34+ cells from MDS and control patients. We found an increased apoptosis and a decrease in expansion properties in MDS cultures. The Fas-Fas ligand system was responsible for the impairment of the erythroid development. We modulate this apoptotic signalling via inhibition of caspase-8 using a dominant negative of the adapter FADD, thus openening new therapeutic pathways. Significance of the enhanced apoptotic pathway mediated by Fas remains unresolved so far
Le, Gall-Ianotto Christelle. "Régulation neuro-endocrine de l'hématopoïèse : rôle de la Substance P et de son dérivé, la Substance P(1-4), dans la régulation négative de l'érythropoïèse dans la polyglobulie de Vaquez." Brest, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BRES3203.
Full textThe hematopoietic and nervous systems communicate bidirectionally through the release of soluble factors and specific receptors. Substance P (SP), an undecapeptide belonging to the tachykinin family, is an example 0f a neurotransmitter that could be synthetized and released in the bone marrow (BM). SP could act as a hematopoietic modulator and can be further digested by peptidases ubiquitously expressed in BM. SP fragments as SP(1 -4) could exert hematopoietic regulation too. The aim of this study was to determine effect of SP and its derivate, SP( 1-4), on pathologie erythropoiesis. Polycythemia vera (PV) is a chronic myeloproliferative disorder characterized by the abnormal proliferation of multipotent hematopoietic progenitor. Endogenous erythroid colonies (EEC) formation is the biological hallmark of the PV. Resuits obtained show that SP and SP(1-4), at physiological concentration, are potent inhibitors of EEC formation by direct action on erythroid progenitors. SP-induced inhibition is mediated by a NK-1R-type dependent mechanism and another G coupled-protein receptor (GPCR) for SP( 1-4) effect. High expression of the truncated form of NK-1 R on PV erythroid progenitor suggests preferential implication in the SP effect, Difference in membranar signaling pathway for SP and SP(l-4) could explain the differential implication of PKCɛ and intracellular calcium rise, However, for both molecules, inhibitory effect is characterized by inhibition of terminal erythroid differentiation and increase cell death. Nitric oxide (NO) implication in signal transduction constitutes an important information to explain these mechanisms. Furthermore, inhibitory effect of SP and SP(1-4) is independent of action on adhesion molecules and rupture of cell adhesion of PV progenitors. In addition to its role in vitro, high concentrations of SP were detected in PV patients sera and was not correlated with fibrosis. We propose that this phenomenon reflect a mechanism induces by the organism to maintain homeostasis in PV patients. This work participates to the identification of new molecules able to inhibit spontaneous growth of PV erythroid progenitor and in the understanding of mechanisms implicated in the EEC formation and inhibition of this phenomenon
Rio, Bénédicte. "Intérêt des cultures de progéniteurs érythroblastiques en hématotoxicologie in vitro : application à l'étude de contaminants alimentaires et environnementaux." Brest, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BRES2041.
Full textHafid-Medheb, Khalid. "Rôle de la protéine anti-apoptotique Bcl-Xl dans la différenciation érythroi͏̈de terminale des cellules de Friend." Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05S025.
Full textFriend murine erythroleukaemia cells are a useful model for studying gene expression during erythroid differentiation. These cells are erythroid precursors blocked at a relatively early stage in erythroid differentition and are able to differentiate by exposure to chemical inducers such as DMSO. DMSO-treated cells undergo phenotypic changes that resemble the final stages of normal erythropoiesis. Induced cells commit towards terminal erythroid differentiation, leading to the formation of cells which synthesize haemoglobin with a loss of proliferative capacity. .
Laurent, Benoît. "Fonctions et modes d'action du facteur de transcription Gfi-1B au cours de l'érythropoïese normale et pathologique." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05T029.
Full textErythropoiesis, process of erythrocytes production from hematopoietic stem cells, involves the activation of a specific transcriptional program. The transcriptional represser Gfi-1B is essential for erythropoiesis as mice knocked-out for this gene die in utero because of an absence of red cells. The aim of my doctoral researches was to study and characterize functions and actions of the transcription factor Gfi-1B during adult erythropoiesis. My results have shown: II that Gfi-1B expression increases strongly during erythroid differentiation and stays high till terminal stages. Decrease of Gfi-1B co-repressor recruitment on its own promoter allows its transcriptional activity throughout erythroid differentiation. 2/ that HMGB2 protein is necessary for erythropoiesis by controlling Gfi-1B expression 3/ that Gfi-1B is necessary at the bipotent erythro-megakaryocytic progenitor stage by regulating TGF-P signalling via the control of the expression of TGF-P receptor type III, a Gfi-1B target gene. 4/ that transcriptional repression by the LSDl/CoREST/HDAC complex involves the methylation of a Gfi-1B isoform. Interestingly, a decrease hi the Gfi-1B expression and its isoform was shown in most of the erythroid progenitors from myelodysplasic patients
Coulon, Séverine. "Rôle des immunoglobulines A1 dans la régulation positive de l'érythropoïèse." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA11T105.
Full textMontel, Amélie. "Transport du glucose et de la vitamine C dans les érythrocytes : un lien entre GLUT1 et l'évolution." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20033.
Full textThe generation of blood cells, a process termed hematopoiesis, involves cell survival, proliferation and differentiation. The high levels of energy required in this process suggest that glucose metabolism should be an important regulator, but this question has not been extensively studied. Human erythrocytes express the highest level of the GLUT1 glucose transporter, and my PhD research focused on the role of GLUT1 during erythropoiesis. GLUT1 expression increased during differentiation but was not associated with an increased glucose transport. Indeed, I determined that in contrast to nucleated cells, erythrocytes preferentially transport L-dehydroascorbic acid (DHA), an oxidized form of ascorbic acid (AA). I identifi ed stomatin, an integral erythrocyte membrane protein that binds GLUT1, as regulating the switch from glucose to DHA transport. Notably though, we found that erythrocyte GLUT1 and associated DHA uptake are unique traits of humans and the few other mammals (higher primates, guinea pig and fruit bat) unable to synthesize vitamin C. As erythrocyte GLUT1 allows AA recycling, this constitutes an evolutionary strategy compensating for vitamin C defi ciency. Significantly, we found that erythrocytes from all tested mammalian species express high levels of GLUT1 at birth, a trait that is rapidly lost during the neonatal period. Using a murine model, I determined that GLUT4 is expressed during the adult period but does not permit DHA transport. Moreover, in adult mice, anemia induced erythropoiesis resulted in a dramatic induction of GLUT4, but not GLUT1. The concomitant repression of GLUT1 and induction of GLUT4 was associated with a change in the balance of Sp3/Sp1 transcription factors. This study raises new perspectives in erythropoiesis, notably on the implications of glucose transporters in erythrocyte pathologies
Stuhl-Gourmand, Laetitia. "Role de Naca et de ses partenaires moléculaires dans la différenciation érythroïde normale et pathologique des syndromes myélodysplasiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX20661/document.
Full textThe erythropoiesis is a complex process that leads to the formation of 100 billion red cells per day. It is finely regulated to adjust the production of red blood cells according to oxygen needs of peripheral tissues. To understand the complex processes involve in the regulation of erythropoiesis, it requires the study of molecular actors such as the NACA protein (the alpha chain of the nascent polypeptide-associated complex), highlighted as a positive regulator of erythroid human differentiation. We have identified ERGIC-53 as a novel interactor of NACA. ERGIC-53 is a lectin mannose-specific membrane involved in the transport of glycoproteins from the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) to the ERGIC compartment (Golgi Endoplasmic Reticulum Compartment Intermediate). We have shown that ERGIC-53 and NACA are involved in the regulation of trafficking of EPO-R. NACA may be also a negative regulator of apoptosis mediated by FADD. We investigated the role of NACA in early stages of myelodysplastic syndromes (ES-MDS) which have ineffective erythropoiesis due to apoptosis of erythroid progenitors. We have demonstrated that transduction of NACA in CD34 + progenitor cells from ES-MDS restores erythroid differentiation and increased survival of erythroid progenitors. Moreover, this study suggests that the level of mRNA NACA may be a new predictive marker of response to rhEPO treatment. In conclusion, our work highlighted that a molecule of the cellular machinery is involved in erythroid differentiation of both normal and ES-MDS CD34+ cells
Orsini, Marion. "Inhibition de l’érythropoïèse par la voie TNFα/sphingomyélinase/céramide : rôle du réseau de régulation microARN/facteurs de transcription et impact sur l’autophagie." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0225/document.
Full textAnemia is a common symptom in cancer patients. It can be caused by the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα, a known inhibitor of erythropoiesis. Erythropoiesis involves proliferation arrest and autophagy. Our previous studies showed that TNFα inhibits the expression of erythroid markers as well as hematopoietic transcription factors (TF) expression. The aim is to study the involvement of TNFα/sphingomyelinase (SMase)/ceramide pathway in erythropoiesis inhibition using recombinant erythropoietin (Epo)-induced CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells. Using exogenous ceramides, a bacterial SMase and sphingomyelinase inhibitors, we show the involvement of SMase/ceramide pathway in the inhibition of erythroid markers as well as the induction of myeloid differentiation as shown by the increase in CD11b expression. This effect is correlated to the modulation of the TF/miR network involving GATA-1, GATA-2 and PU.1 as well as miR-144, 451, 155, 146a and 223. We show that TNFα and ceramides inhibit Epo-induced autophagy through transmission electron microscopy analysis, the absence of GFP-LC3 punctae formation and SQSTM1/p62 accumulation. Analysis of proteins involved in autophagy regulation showed that TNFα and ceramides activate mTOR, which is confirmed using rapamycin as well as the inhibition of ULK1 and Atg13. Moreover, TNFα and ceramides inhibit Beclin 1 expression and Atg5-Atg12 complex formation. These results demonstrate the role of TNFα/SMase/ceramide pathway in hematopoietic homeostasis through an erythropoiesis-myelopoiesis switch resulting from perturbation of TF/miR network and autophagy
Doyonnas, Régis. "Etude de deux inhibiteurs de la différenciation érythroïde : ADIF et DIP." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10243.
Full textChambard, Pascale. "Étude de l'expression d'un antigène embryonnaire au cours de la différenciation des cellules de la lignée érythrocytaire du poulet : approche cellulaire et moléculaire." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO1T116.
Full textDijon, Marilyne. "Rôle d'ikaros dans l'érythropoïèse humaine : surexpression d'un dominant-négatif d'ikaros par une approche lentivirale." Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX20668.
Full textHematopoiesis is a complex process which is regulated by expression of many transcription factors, such as Ikaros. This gene encodes several isoformes by alternative splicing : some of them without functional DNA binding act as dominant-negative. Lack of Ikaros induced defects of lymphopoiesis, myelopoiesis and erythropoiesis, however, critical steps regulated by Ikaros are largely unknown. To study further Ikaros involvement in erythropoiesis, we overexpressed a dominant-negative isoform, Ikaros 6, using lentiviral vector. This type of vector, derived from HIV-1, is main tool to tranfer gene into hematopoietic stem cells without alter multipotence properties. We developed a lentiviral vector containing two genes controlled by two different promoters to detect transduced HSC. However, problems of gene expression showed unfunctionally construct in our experimental system. Study of Ikaros in human erythropoiesis will be realised with basal lentiviral vector. Overexpression of dominant-negatif, Ikaros 6, displayed a defect of erythroid cell number and an increase of cell death. Inhibited function of Ikaros also induced a decrease of erythroid gene expression and hemoglobinisation. This work underlined important role of Ikaros in human erythropoiesis by regulating of erythroid gene expression
Campario, Hugo. "Rôle du facteur de transcription hsf1 dans l’érythropoïèse du poisson zèbre." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCI004.
Full textHeat shock proteins (HSPs) are reported to play an important role in erythropoiesis. The expression of HSP genes is mainly controlled by Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), a highly conserved transcription factor. So far, a detailed understanding of the function of HSF1 in erythropoiesis remains uncharacterized. This study has employed zebrafish as a relevant model to investigate the role of Hsf1 during embryonic erythropoiesis. We established hsf1-disrupted zebrafish lines using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology and performed phenotypic analyses throughout embryogenesis. We found that Hsf1 deficient embryos had a decreased number of primitive erythrocytes, while erythrocyte number in adults was unchanged. In Hsf1 deficient embryos, expression of embryonic a and b-globin genes was reduced as well as gata1 expression. In addition, the morphology of erythrocytes suggested an inhibition of erythrocyte maturation. On the other hand, no significant changes were observed in myeloid cells.Altogether our results support a key role for Hsf1 in erythrocyte maturation in vivo
Pissard, Serge. "Contribution à l'étude de la régulation des gènes de globines : clonage et études de deux régions régulatrices." Paris 12, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA120076.
Full textTordjman, Rafaèle. "Interactions entre processus angiogéniques et hématopoïèse." Paris 7, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA077265.
Full textVilleval, Jean-Luc. "Étude cellulaire des temps précoces de l'érythropoièse humaine normale et leucémique : phénotype et régulation "in vitro"." Paris 12, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA120019.
Full textAstori, Audrey. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle du facteur nucléaire RINF au cours de l’hématopoïèse normale et pathologique." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA11T101.
Full textDuring hematopoiesis, hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) differentiation is orchestred by different signals, able to stimulate cell proliferation of quiescent cells, and their commitment in the different hematopoietic lineages. These process are regulated by transcription factors activation, as well by epigenetic mecanisms. By a microarray approach, we have identified a novel retinoid-responsive gene (CXXC5) encoding a Retinoid-Inducible Nuclear Factor (RINF) that plays an essential role during in vitro human hematopoiesis. Indeed, expression studies and gene silencing experiments both demonstrate RINF requirement during in vitro terminal differentiation of myeloid leukemia cells (NB4, HL60), but also during normal myelopoiesis of bone marrow progenitors (CD34+ HSPC cells in presence of cytokines). In the present study, we demonstrate that in cell lines, RINF overexpression provokes an earlier myeloid differentiation under retinoids treatement and slow-downs erythroid maturation induced by hemin whereas its down-regulation accelerates erythroid terminal differentiation. In normal CD34+ HSCP, we demonstrated that RINF down regulation (1) promotes differentiation in erythroid lineage at the expense of granulocyte lineage, and (2) accelerates terminal erythroid differentiation. Overexpression, contribute to promote myeloid pathway even though cells are in erythroid conditions. Because of its role during hematopoiesis regulation and its gene localization in 5q31.2, we investigated CXXC5/RINF expression in primary human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells derived from 594 patients. A wide variation in CXXC5/RINF mRNA levels was observed in the immature leukemic myeloblasts. Furthermore, patients with low-risk cytogenetic abnormalities showed significantly lower levels compared to patients with high-risk abnormalities, and high RINF/CXXC5/ mRNA levels were associated with decreased overall survival for patients receiving intensive chemotherapy for newly diagnosed AML. CXXC5/RINF knockdown in AML cell lines caused increased susceptibility to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis, and regulation of apoptosis also seemed to differ between primary human AML cells with high and low RINF expression. The association with adverse prognosis together with the antiapoptotic effect of CXXC5/RINF suggests that targeting of CXXC5/RINF should be considered as a possible therapeutic strategy, especially in high-risk patients who show increased expression in AML cells compared with normal hematopoietic cells
Garderet, Laurent. "Le microenvironnement dans la physiopathologie du myélome et des myélodysplasies de bas grade." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077094.
Full textThe microenvironment is often incriminated in the physiopathology of malignant haemopathies. We investigated its role in the evolution of myeloma and low-grade myelodysplasia (myelodysplastic syndrome, MDS). Myeloma is characterized by bone lesions, the osteoblasts which participate in bone reconstruction being deficient. We studied the cells from which they originate, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), whose alteration could partly explain this deficit. Numbers of CFU-F were indeed diminished in myeloma, the time to attain confluence was increased and their expansion capacity was strongly reduced. This defect could be due to a diminution of receptors for certain growth factors. These MSC likewise secreted excess DKK1, a powerful inhibitor of osteoblasts, and IL-6 which is a strong stimulator of tumoral plasma cells. The MSC are therefore pathological in myeloma and contribute to the bone anomalies. On the contrary, the involvement of MSC in myelodysplasia is subject to controversy. In a stroma-progenitor co-culture System established in our laboratory, they support thé normal erythropoiesis of healthy CD34+ haematopoietic progenitors. Unexpectedly, however, and contrary to current belief, we found that MDS progenitors co-cultured with healthy MSC could differentiate completely to the stage of terminal enucleation. We speculated that the dyserythropoiesis of low-grade MDS is not linked to a differentiation disorder but solely to a proliferation defect due to excessive apoptosis. To verify this hypothesis, we studied 5q- syndrome, a low-grade MDS which presents a readily identifiable genetic anomaly allowing one to follow the pathological clone. We showed that at the clonal level, the erythroid commitment of the progenitors is normal and complete although their proliferative capacity is strongly diminished, whereas in contrast to what has been believed until now, their terminal erythroid differentiation is not modified. The red blood cells enucleate normally. According to our results, 5q- syndrome is thus a quantitative rather than a qualitative disorder. This finding might also prove to be true in other low-grade MDS
Back, Jonathan. "Rôles versatiles du facteur de transcription PU. 1 dans l'hématopoïèse murine." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2004/BACK_Jonathan_2004.pdf.
Full textPU. 1 transcription factor, first known as spi-1 an oncogene involved in the Friend virus-induced erythroleukemia, has been characterized as a crucial positive regulator of myeloid and lymphoid differentiation, but as not important for erythropoiesis. We have generated a PU. 1 deficient mouse line in which the PU. 1 locus has been targeted with the GFP reporter transgene. The analysis of the PU. 1 null mice revealed a new crucial function for PU. 1 in erythroid precursors, highly correlated with its pathological involvement in friend erythroleukemia. Absence (or reduction as shown by the heterozygous phenotype) of PU. 1 in erythroid progenitors alters their self-renewal capacity and increases their tendency to differentiate. PU. 1 locus activity, visualized with the GFP reporter, underlined a highly dynamic expression in nearly all the hematopoietic system. These data imply PU. 1 in various compartments of the hematopoietic system, suggesting new functions. All together, theses results set PU. 1 as a central regulator of hematopoiesis, exerting antagonistic activities depending on the lineage and the dosage of its expression
Royet, Julien. "Mise en évidence dans les extraits rénaux et dans le surnageant de cellules stromales médullaires d'une nouvelle activité érythropoïétique : caractérisation de cette activité et étude de son rôle physiologique." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10218.
Full textMoniz, Hélène Soledade. "Etude de la prolifération et de la différenciation érythroïde in vitro et de la potentielle implication de la voie de p53 au cours de l'anémie de Blackfan-Diamond (ABD)." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077124.
Full textDiamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a rare congenital erythroblastopenia, characterized by an aregenerative anemia. The DBA phenotype and genotype is heterogeneous: 40% of DBA cases have various congenital malformations and 50% of the patients carry a mutation in a ribosomal protein (RP) gene, mostly RPS19 (25%), RPL5 (7%), RPL11 (5%). This RP gene mutation leads to a defect in the rRNA maturation. However, the exact mechanisms that explain the special link between the defects in the ribosome biogenesis and in erythropoiesis are still to be defined. Animal models reproducing the disease exhibited a p53 activation pathway. Activation of p53 after generation of a nucleolar stress due to the defect in rRNA could explain the erythroblastopenia, the main characteristic of DBA. To verify this hypothesis, we studied the erythroid prolifération and differentiation, the degree of apoptosis, the cell cycle and the p53 pathway, either in CD34+ cells from DBA patients or in CD34+ cells from cord blood infected with specific shRNA against RPS19, RPL5 and RPL11. We found différent levels of p53 activation depending of the RP. Haploinsufficiency in RPS19 leads to a decreased erythroid proliferation, a normal erythroid differentiation and no apoptosis. By contrast, haploinsuffïciency in RPL5 or RPL11 leads to a dramatic decreased in erythroid proliferation and a delayed in differentiation, with an important activation of apoptosis. In any case, we observed a cell cycle arrest in Go/Gl phase. Thus, after p53 activation, cell cycle arrest after RPS19, RPL5 or RPL11 inhibition and cell cycle arrest and activation of apoptosis after RPL5 or RPL11 inhibition may explain DBA erythroblastopenia
Arlet, Jean-Benoît. "Rôle de la chaperonne HSP 70 dans l'éythropoïèse inefficace des béta-thalassémies majeures." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01059816.
Full textBadaoui, Sabrina. "Etude du rôle du peptide AcSDKP dans l'hématopoïèse chez la souris et de l'angiotensine II dans l'érythropoïèse humaine." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077043.
Full textThe renin angiotensin System has critical functions in regulating blood pressure and may act on the hematopoietic System. Angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) is the key molecule in the SRA by cleaving angiotensin I into angiotensin II and hydrolyzing bradykinin but it also hydrolyses other substrates as a molecule inhibiting the entry in S phase of early hematopoietic progenitors: the peptide N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-prolyl (AcSDKP). The negative regulators of hematopoiesis may preserve the hematopoietic toxicity of irradiation but the clinical application of AcSDKP is limited by its short half-life. To prevent its degradation, we tested if pharmacologic inhibition of ACE induces a myeloprotective effect in a mouse irradiation model. A signifîcant radioprotection was observed, but was likely due to angiotensin II production inhibition. To study the role of AcSDKP on hematopoiesis we used a mouse ACE « Knock in » (ACE 7/7) characterized by an increased concentration of AcSDKP without modification of the angiotensin II concentration. We demonstrate that in vivo chronic elevation of AcSDKP has no effect on hematopoiesis in basal or stress conditions after induction of a myelosuppression. We study the role of angiotensin II as growth factor of human adult erythropoiesis. In vitro, angiotensin II has a minor direct effect on erythropoiesis by weakly increasing the erythropoietin (EPO) induced erythroid proliferation and reinforcing EPO signaling. This moderate effect contrasting with the marked effect of angiotensin II on in vivo erythropoiesis suggests that a part of the effects of angiotensin II may be indirect and mediated through regulatory cells such as stromal cells
Rouzbeh, Shaghayegh. "La maturation terminale des cellules érythroïdes à partir des cellules souches pluripotentes." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077124.
Full textHuman embryonic stem cells (HESC) provide a unique model and an important resource for a deeper understanding of development and differentiation of multiple cell types. In order to better understand the mechanisms underlying erythroid terminal differentiation i. E. Enucleation we employed an erythroid differentiation model from HESC. By choosing two extreme conditions of erythroid culture from HESC we provide a unique erythroid differentiation model that gives us the opportunity to study the enucleation of erythroid cells by analyzing the genes expression profiles of erythroid cells from these two culture conditions. Using an integrated analysis of microrna expression and MRNA transcriptomee we identified 5 Mirnas potentially involved in erythroblasts enucleation. Finally by performing knockdown experiments of these 5 Mirnas we identified MIR-30A as a key regulator of erythroblast enucleation in HESC
Ladli, Meriem. "Rôle de l’AMPK au cours de l’érythropoïèse murine et humaine." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB089.
Full textAMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) is a heterotrimeric complex containing α, β, and γ subunits, known for its role in the maintenance of cellular energy homeostasis. It has been shown that Ampk is involved in maintaining integrity of murine RBCs as well as their survival. Indeed, Ampk α1-/- and Ampk γ1-/- mice present a hemolytic anemia, and their RBCs show elasticity defects in their plasma membrane. We hypothesized that the alterations observed in AMPK-deficient erythroblasts were the results of a lack of Ampk earlier during erythroid differentiation. Therefore, we aim to study the role of AMPK during human and murine erythropoiesis. We showed that the absence or activation of Ampk in mice does not affect either the survival, proliferation, or the differentiation of KO erythroblasts compared to WT ones. In human, our data show that the knockdown of the α1 subunit expression by shRNA induces a slowing down of cell proliferation and a dyserythropoiesis, indicated by the shift in pattern of cell surface markers expression during differentiation. In addition, we showed that phosphorylation of AMPK (Thr172) and its target ACC (Ser 79) are elevated in immature (Pro-E –Baso-E) erythroblasts, and then decreased conjointly with the erythroid differentiation. AMPK activation in immature erythroblasts has no effect. Conversely, in mature (Poly-E – Retic) erythroblasts, the persistence of AMPK expression induces a cell cycle arrest in S phase, followed by the induction of autophagy, and of caspase-dependent apoptosis with a differentiation arrest at basophilic erythroblast stage. Our results demonstrate the importance of finely-tuned regulation of AMPK during adult human erythropoiesis. AMPK is needed for efficient erythropoiesis in human, whereas it is involved solely in RBCs function in mice, showcasing yet another contrasting point between human and mouse erythropoiesis
Vandekerckhove, Julie. "Mécanismes de régulation de GATA-1 par les protéines de choc Hsp27 et Hsp70 au cours de la différenciation érythroïde terminale." Phd thesis, Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA11T078.
Full textTounkara, Fatoumata Korika. "Étude des effets de l'hyperthermie légère sur la prolifération et la différenciation des cellules souches hématopoïétiques CD34+ issues du sang de cordon ombilical." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26949/26949.pdf.
Full textHatia, Sarah. "Etude des souris invalidées pour le gène Tph1 : implication de la sérotonine dans l'érythropoïèse." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00630418.
Full textFournier, Simon. "Étude des rôles des protéines HSP27 et HSP70 dans la différenciation des cellules CD34+ en cellules érythroides." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29550/29550.pdf.
Full textRenucci, Armand. "Expression des proto-oncogènes C-erb A au cours du développement embryonnaire chez le poulet." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO10077.
Full textDeni, Ioanna. "Deciphering the role of extracellular vesicles in erythropoiesis inhibition induced by malaria parasites." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UNIP5286.
Full textMalaria remains a global health problem, often associated with numerous red blood cell defects, such as anemia. Despite the successful efforts to control malaria in many areas of the world, the important role played by malaria infection in anemia remains poorly researched. Malaria is caused by infection of red blood cells by Plasmodium parasites. There has been evidence that Plasmodium falciparum parasites accumulate in patient tissues such as the bone marrow parenchyma, where the erythroid differentiation occurs, suggesting that malaria parasites may interfere with erythropoiesis. Accordingly, previous studies reported that extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by P. falciparum infected erythrocytes can influence red blood cell differentiation in vitro. Here, we also provide evidence of delay of erythropoiesis in vitro by EVs purified from plasma of P. falciparum infected children from Benin. However, the molecular identity of the factor(s) in the EVs that drive impaired erythropoiesis and their human target(s) remain to be identified. We, therefore, address the mechanism of inhibition of erythropoiesis mediated by EVs from P. falciparum infected erythrocytes. We performed proteomics analysis of EVs to select parasite candidate proteins likely to play a role in the erythropoiesis delay. Heterologous expression of one of these candidates in hematopoietic stem line was sufficient to inhibit cell proliferation. Expression of the tagged protein allowed to perform localization studies in erythroblasts by confocal microscopy and immunoprecipitation of interacting partners. Understanding the mechanisms by which the parasite influences its hosts is crucial for improving our tools against the numerous blood related deficiencies that patients with malaria face even after their treatments
Millot, Sarah. "Etude de l'erythropoïèse dans un modéle murin d'anémie chronique : Réponse à l'injection d'Erythropoïètine." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05T057.
Full textThe anemia of chronic disease is the most frequent anemia in hospitalized patients for different diseases : infections, auto-immune disorders and cancers. Several physiopathological features may contribute to the development of anemia of chronic desease. The massive cytokines production induces disturbances of iron metabolism (retention of iron within the reticulo-endothelial system), impaired proliferation of eruthroid progenitors, reduced life span of red blood cells and reduced erythropoietin (Epo) synthesis. In order to study relationship between erythropoiesis inflammation and prolonged anemia, we have developed a mice model of chronic anemia based on Zymosan injection associated or not to erythropoietin injections. Our results show that inflammation represses bone marrow erythropoiesis even if Epo is injected. In contrast, the spleen seems to be the major erythropoietic organ able to produce new erythrocytes in response to Epo injection, a mechanism known as "stress erythropoiesis". This compensatory process is the result of a microenvironment unique to the spleen with BMP4 synthesis by red pulp macrophages and specific resident spleen erythroid precursors. This process allows partial recovery of anemia
Garçon, Loïc. "Mécanismes physiologiques de l'érythropoïèse : de STAT5 à Gfi-1B." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077245.
Full textRegulation of erythropoiesis is totally dependent on erythropoietin (EPO). After binding to its receptor, EPO activates many transduction pathways implicated in cell prolifération, survival and differentiation. We observed that either expression of a constitutively active form of STAT5 or overexpression of its anti-apoptotic target Bel-XL were sufficient for induction of erythroid differentiation in human primary cells. In parallel, using a comparative analysis of cDNA libraries, we identified the transcription factor Gfi-1B as preferentially expressed in erythroid cells. We observed that a knock-down of Gfi-1B delayed the terminal differentiation of K562 and primary cells. In contrast, forced expression of Gfi-1B in UT7 and K562 cells led to induction of erythroid differentiation. We concluded that Gfi-1B played a critical role in terminal differentiation of human erythroid progenitor cells
Raimbault, Anna. "Le ribosome au cours de l'érythropoïèse." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB251.
Full textRibosome biogenesis is a key event allowing cell growth before division. Defective RB recognized in ribosomopathyinherited Diamond-Blackfan anemia and 5q- syndrom. In this study, we aimed at investigating the regulatory role of RB during the erythroid precursor maturation which is characterized by a cell size reduction during 2 to 3 rapid cell divisions. We used two in vitro systemsé of expansion and differentiation of erythroblasts (E.) derived of immature hematopoietic progenitors from human mobilized peripheral blood or mouse fetal liver. The expansion step is supported by the Stem Cell Factor (SCF) and the second step depends on erythropoietin (EPO). The structure of the nucleolus was studied by electron microscopy. Compared to immature proerythroblasts (proE), a dramatic size reduction and change in nucleolar structure (ie. the disappearance of fibrillar and dense fibrillar components) is observed at the stage of mature polychromatophilic E. suggesting a loss of functionality. RB was measured by a pulsed SILAC (Stable Isotopic Labeling by Amino acids in Culture cell) proteomic assay that quantified the incorporation of newly synthesized ribosomal proteins in the ribosome. Both in mouse and human models, immature proE expanded upon SCF and EPO demonstrate a maximal RB with a renewal rate of 60% and 50% every 14h and 24h, respectively. By contrast, RB rapidly interrupted with the disappearance of proE and basophilic E after the switch to EPO alone. Consistently, the quantities of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) 45S precursor estimated by qPCR are maximal in proE and almost null in orthochromatophilic E. Inhibition of RB at proE stage by RNApol I specific inhibitor (CX-5461) accelerates the onset of terminal erythroid differentiation suggesting that RB is a rate limiting factor for final maturation. We then hypothesize that degree of signaling intensity in response to SCF and EPO may control the level of RB. To address this question, we investigated the mTORC1 (mechanistic Target Of Rapamycin Complex 1) pathway which is directly involved in RB through its substrate p70S6Kinase. Activation of P-p70S6Kinase and P-Rps6, as well as ribosome renewal, are twice more elevated in response to SCF and EPO than to EPO alone. Furthermore, inhibition of mTORC1/p70S6K/Rps6 pathway by rapamycin disrupts RB and leads to an acceleration of terminal erythroid differentiation.This study demonstrates that the collapse of RB promotes erythroid cell terminal maturation and shows the regulatory role of mTORC1 pathway on RB during erythropoiesis
Loufrani, Jane. "Valeur des paramètres réticulocytaires : mesures par cytométrie en flux pour le suivi des sorties d'aplasie après chimiothérapie ou greffe de moe͏̈lle osseuse." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05P108.
Full textAguissa, Toure Almass-Houd. "Bases moléculaires de l'anémie de Diamond-Blackfan : étude structure-fonction de la protéine ribosomique RPS19 chez Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/427/.
Full textDiamond-Blackfan Anaemia (DBA) is a rare congenital erythroblastopenia associated with mono-allelic mutations in several ribosomal protein genes. This linkage suggests a causal relationship between alteration of ribosome biogenesis or functions and this pathology. ?The RPS19 gene is the most frequently mutated (25% of patients). To understand the impact of the mutations, especially missense mutations, we undertook a structure-function study of RPS19 homolog in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and we conducted a collaborative work to determine the crystal structure of archeae Pyrococcus abyssi RPS19. Our results distinguish two types of mutations: some affect residues buried in the structure and alter the protein folding and stability, while others change amino acids at the protein surface and prevent incorporation of RPS19 into 40S pre-ribosomal particles. In addition, we determined the nuclear localization sequence and the molecular determinants of RPS19 transport to the nucleus. Mutations linked to DBA do not interfere with the nuclear localization of the protein. Thus, missense mutations in RPS19 primarily affect the ability of the protein to be incorporated into pre-ribosomes, which alters ribosome biogenesis. This could on the one hand activate a stress response and on the other hand lead to ribosome shortage, two events that could be fatal to some physiological processes like erythropoiesis. A similar mechanism can be proposed for any ribosomal protein mutated to the DBA
Iturri, Torrea Lorea. "Building a hierarchical tree of erythro-myeloid progenitor (EMP)-derived haematopoiesis." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS108.
Full textErythro-myeloid progenitors (EMP) are developmentally restricted hematopoietic progenitors that produce the first definitive hematopoietic cells in the embryo. Importantly, it has been shown that they give rise to tissue-resident macrophages and mast cells that colonize organs during gestation and self-maintain during adult life without contribution from the bone marrow. These cells are specialized immune cells that contribute to the homeostasis of the tissues throughout steady state and tissue challenge (wounds or infections). This PhD project aimed to characterise the contribution of EMPs to the hematopoietic system of the embryo, with special focus to their niche of origin, the yolk sac. With the use of genetic mouse models, high parameter flow cytometry and single cell expression analysis, this project i) characterises the major definitive progenitor populations in the yolk sac, ii) identifies a novel pathway of direct megakaryopoiesis from EMPs and iii) uncovers two waves of EMP potential emerging at different stages. This work sheds light on the poorly characterised early definitive embryonic haematopoiesis and could have potential implications on macrophage ontogeny studies and early childhood myeloproliferative disorders
Bouyssou, Isabelle. "Deciphering Plasmodium vivax invasion pathway(s) in Duffy-negative patients." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUS180.pdf.
Full textVivax malaria is an acute debilitating illness caused by the parasitic protozoan Plasmodium vivax and transmitted by female Anopheline mosquitoes. It is mainly prevalent in America, South-East Asia, Middle East, Western Pacific, Eastern Africa, and Southern Africa but considered rare in Sub-Saharan Africa. Historically, the disease has often been regarded as a benign self-limiting infection. This is due to the observation of low parasitemia in Duffy-positive patients and virtual absence of infections in Duffy-negative individuals. Indeed, previous studies showed that individuals with African and African American origins were naturally resistant to P. vivax. Parasitologists thought that this resistance was due to the absence of Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines (DARC) on the surface of their erythrocytes. Subsequently, the identification of the ligand P. vivax Duffy Binding Protein (PvDBP) specific to DARC and the evidence that the interaction PvDBP- DARC was crucial for invasion led to a scientific paradigm by which P. vivax merozoites exclusively invade Duffy-positive erythrocytes. Consequently, research on vivax malaria has long been neglected and many knowledge and tool gaps remain to be filled. However, since a few years, the stagnating burden of the disease in many countries associated with the increasing report of P. vivax infections in Duffy-negative patients raised questions about P. vivax invasion pathways. A first hypothesis was that P. vivax may have evolved to a new invasion pathway that would overcome Duffy-negativity. Alternatively, a second hypothesis was that Duffy-negative populations may have always been a silent and insidious reservoir of infection which had previously gone unnoticed. My thesis project aimed at deciphering Plasmodium vivax invasion pathways in Duffy-negative patients. 1.Bibliographical study: understand the global context and key issues of the presence of vivax malaria in Sub-Saharan Africa and review current knowledge on P. vivax invasion pathways through the lens of omics technologies. 2.Molecular epidemiological study: understand vivax malaria epidemiology in Ethiopia, dissect the genome of P. vivax strains circulating in Sub-Saharan Africa and search for potential molecular signature in genes encoding proteins involved in P. vivax invasion pathways using next generation sequencing techniques. 3.Functional study: characterize Duffy-negative erythroblasts during terminal erythroid differentiation and assess the ability of P. vivax merozoites to invade Duffy-negative erythroblasts by developing reproducible in vitro functional assays. Findings of the bibliographical study showed that despite the recent advances of omics technologies, key knowledge and tool gaps remain in vivax malaria research. Besides, findings of the molecular epidemiological studies revealed that P. vivax strains cluster in distinct geographic clusters. However, these findings did not reveal any association between genetic diversity and adaptation to Duffy-negative human hosts. This suggests that the parasites did not evolve towards an alternative invasion pathway. In fact, findings of the in vitro functional study demonstrated that a subset of Duffy-negative erythroblasts can express functional DARC during terminal erythroid differentiation and that P. vivax merozoites can invade them. Taken together, these findings contrast with the established scientific paradigm by which P. vivax merozoites exclusively invade Duffy-positive erythrocytes and support the assumption that African Duffy-negative populations may be a silent and insidious reservoir of infection, with all the consequences that this entails for the control and eradication of vivax malaria in Sub-Saharan Africa
Montanari, Pierre. "Étude des kinases PIMs dans l’érythropoïèse normale et pathologique." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB094.
Full textErythropoiesis encompasses both the proliferation and maturation of bone marrow stem cells, leading to the production of Red Blood Cells (RBCs). It is a process of continuous differentiation that generates more and more mature erythroid cells. Survival and proliferation of erythroid progenitors and erythroblastic precursors is dependent on the cytokine Erythropoietin (EPO), which is the main regulator of erythropoiesis. The PIMs kinases are proto-oncogenes involved in survival and proliferation, whose family is comprised of three members in Humans. The role of PIMs kinases in the regulation of erythropoiesis has not been studied, although it has been shown that mice knocked out for all three genes of the PIM family have anemia. In addition, a sharp decrease in the number of erythroid progenitors is observed in mice knocked out for both the Pim2 and Pim1 gene. All in all, it suggests the importance of these kinases in murine erythropoiesis, and may be also relevant in human erythropoiesis. Therefore, we sought to understand the involvement of PIMs kinases in normal human erythropoiesis. We have been able to show that PIMs kinases are expressed in normal human erythroblasts. Indeed, they are strongly expressed at the beginning of the erythroid differentiation, and their expression decreases during terminal maturation. We have shown that the expression of the three PIMs kinases is regulated at the transcriptional level by EPO. We also have shown that PIMs kinases positively regulate the proliferation of immature erythroid cells. We observed that they support the expression of the transferrin receptor 1 (TFR1) on the surface of immature erythroblasts. TFR1 is crucial for erythroblasts as it allows iron to enter these cells, where it is used for hemoglobin synthesis. Hemoglobin is absolutely required for RBCs function as oxygen transporters, responsible for the oxygenation of the whole organism. Then, we wanted to study the role of each of these three kinases in erythroblasts. We have shown that PIM2 kinase plays a key role in normal erythropoiesis by being essential for the survival of erythroid cells. At the molecular level, inhibition of PIM2 does not alter the balance of pro- and anti-apoptotic factors, but results in damages to DNA. The appearance of these damages is followed by an induction of cellular apoptosis. In a pathology such as Polycythemia Vera (PV), we have demonstrated that the inhibition of PIMs decreases both the number and the size of erythroid colonies. It also slows down cell proliferation, and for some patients, it induces cellular apoptosis. Our results highlight that PIMs are important in human normal erythropoiesis and that inhibitors of PIMs could be an alternative to conventional treatments in PV
El, Hoss Sara. "Novel insights into the role of fetal hemoglobin in spleen function, red cell survival and ineffective erythropoiesis in sickle cell disease." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/ELHOSS_Sara_va2_20190924.pdf.
Full textSickle cell disease (SCD) is caused by a single point mutation in the β-globin gene generating sickle hemoglobin (HbS). Hypoxia drives HbS polymerization that is responsible for red blood cell (RBC) sickling and reduced deformability. In SCD, splenic dysfunction results in life-threatening complications, particularly in early childhood. During the course of the disease, the spleen functionally declines and anatomically disappears, although with great individual variability depending on modulating genetic and environmental factors. The key modulator of disease severity is fetal hemoglobin (HbF), as the presence of HbF inhibits HbS polymerization, thus delaying and preventing severe complications, ameliorating patients’ quality of life and increasing survival. There is a rather well characterized hetero cellular concentration of HbF and distribution in circulating RBCs but the role of HbF during erythropoiesis, is poorly documented. With the aim of better understanding the role of HbF in spleen function, red cell survival and ineffective erythropoiesis we investigated 1) the natural history of spleen dysfunction in SCD children, 2) the cellular expression and distribution of HbF in SCD children, in untreated patients and patients treated with Hydroxycarbamide and 3) ineffective erythropoiesis and the role of HbF during terminal erythropoiesis.We developed a flow cytometry high-throughput method to measure splenic filtration function and showed that splenic loss of function is present very early in life at 3-6 months in SCD children and further declines with age. We also highlighted that irreversibly sickled cells (ISCs) are a potential contributor to acute splenic sequestration (ASS) which in turn results in further loss of splenic function. In the second part of this work, we set up an original approach to determine HbF distribution per cell. Using a longitudinal cohort of patients treated with hydroxycarbamide (HC - an inducer of HbF), we showed that HC has a global positive impact on RBCs, by not only increasing HbF content but also by increasing the volume of all RBCs independent of HbF. We moreover showed that High F-cells are a more precise marker of HC efficacy. In the last part of the thesis, we showed for the first time clear evidence of ineffective erythropoiesis in SCD and revealed a new role of HbF during terminal erythropoiesis protecting erythroblasts from apoptosis. In conclusion, this work shows that HbF has an additional beneficial effect in SCD by not only conferring a preferential survival of F-cells in the circulation but also by decreasing ineffective erythropoiesis. Importantly, it suggests that the delay in hemoglobin switch in SCD might be also due to an enrichment in F-erythroblasts during terminal erythroid differentiation occurring very early in infancy, shortly after birth
Ribeil, Jean-Antoine. "Hsp70 est un nouveau régulateur majeur de l'érythropoïèse empêchant le clivage du facteur de transcription GATA-1 par la caspase-3 au cours de la différenciation." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00451047.
Full textHoudiard, Soizic. "Rôle des ERKs dans la régulation de l'hématopoièse murine : étude de l'isoforme ERK1." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077089.
Full textHematopoiesis is a highly regulated process, initiated by hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which implies a dynamic regulation of the functions of HSC and its descent. The ERKs kinases are keys regulators of proliferation and differentiation of different cells types. Their role could be important in hematopoiesis and have not been studied in vivo yet. We have examined the role of ERK1 in adult hematopoiesis in ERK1 ̄/ ̄ mice. Loss of ERK1 resulted in an enhanced splenic erythropoiesis, characterized by an accumulation of erythroid progenitors and an enhanced number of immature erythroblasts in the spleen. Splenic stress erythropoiesis response has been shown to require BMP4-dependent signalling in vivo and to rely on the expansion of stress BFU-Es. A great expansion of stress BFU-Es and an increased level of BMP4 mRNA were found in ERK1 ̄/ ̄ spleens, suggesting that ERK1 controls a BMP4-dependent step, regulating thé steady state of splenic erythropoiesis. Study of medullar hematopoiesis had also show an enhanced numbers of HSCs and a defect in granulo-macrophagic differentiation in ERK1 ̄/ ̄ mice. X-Rays analysis of wild-type and ERK1 ̄/ ̄ mice allowed us to observe an enhanced bone density in ERK1 KO mice. So, loss of ERK1 induces osteopetrosis. Mechanisms involved will be caracterised by HSCs transplantation experiments, analysis of monocyte and megacaryocyte differentiation and by study of osteogenesis
Maragno, Ana-Leticia. "Etude du rôle D'ISG15, une protéine apparentée à l'ubiquitine, au cours dela différentiation érythroide." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA11T010.
Full textErythropoiesis is an orderly continuous process during which committed erythroid progenitorcells proliferate and differentiate into mature red blood cells. In a search for genes that are deregulated duringthis differentiation process, we have identified ISG15 as being induced during the late stages of erythroiddifferentiation. ISG15 belongs to the ubiquitin-like protein family and is covalently linked to target proteins bythe enzymes of the ISGylation machinery. Using both in vivo and in vitro differentiating erythroblasts, we haveshown that expression of ISG15 as well as the ISGylation process related enzymes Ube1L, UbcM8 and Herc6are induced during erythroid differentiation. Moreover, using in vitro differentiating erythroblasts, we haveshown that the induction of these genes is mostly independent of IFN signaling, while it is partially dependent onEpo signaling in these cells. Our analysis of the ISG15 deficient mice have shown a decreased number of BFUE/CFU-E in the bone marrow, associated with an increased number of these cells in the spleen of these animals,a phenotype reminiscent of stress erythropoiesis. While ISG15-/- bone marrow and spleen-derived erythroblastsshowed a less differentiated phenotype both in vivo and in vitro, over-expression of ISG15 in erythroblasts wasfound to facilitate erythroid differentiation. At the molecular level, we have shown that important effectors oferythroid differentiation can be ISGylated, including STAT5, Globin, PLCγ and ERK2. Attempt to identify theconsequences of ISGylation has only been performed for STAT5. When studied in the context of a fusionprotein, ISGylated STAT5 was found endowed with a higher capacity to bind DNA, a property associated withup-regulation of TfR and Bcl-XL, two genes previously described as being regulated by STAT5 during erythroiddifferentiation. This establishes a new role for ISG15, in addition to its well-characterized anti-viral functions,during erythroid differentiation
Allard, Diane d'. "Erythropoïèse normale et pathologique, internalisation de c-Kit et morphologie du nucléole." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05S026/document.
Full textErythropoiesis is the process leading to the production of red blood cells from hematopoietic stem cell. The erythroid differentiation involves morphological cell changes, in part related to the loss of membrane expression of the type III receptor tyrosine kinase, c-Kit. In response to its ligand SCF, c-Kit is activated, then internalized and degraded by the proteasome pathway via the E3 ubiquitin ligase c-Cbl, or by the lysosomal pathway, after endocytosis. In the first part of this work, we demonstrated that in the absence of SCF and in response to tyrosine kinase inhibitor, imatinib, erythroblasts cultured ex vivo, lose membrane expression of c-Kit and accelerate their terminal differentiation. In view of these observations, we sought to understand the mechanisms involved. On an erythropoietin dependent cell line expressing c-Kit at the membrane, we showed that imatinib induces receptor internalization and degradation by the lysosomal pathway, independently of c -Cbl. Furthermore, we showed that this effect is reversible and that imatinib does not block the c-Kit re-expression after its internalization, in response to SCF. Metabolic labelling showed that imatinib does not alter synthesis or maturation of c -Kit and that the phospho-tyrosine profile of cells treated with imatinib is generally unchanged. Finally, we showed that the binding of imatinib to the catalytic pocket of c-Kit is essential for its internalization, and therefore its degradation. So, it appears that imatinib removes c-Kit self-inhibition, which seems necessary to its retention at the membrane. In the second part of this work, we studied the morphological changes of nucleoli, the site of ribosome biogenesis, during erythroid differentiation. We showed that the reduction of cell size takes place at the same time than reduction of cell proliferation and reduction of surface and volume of the Granular Compound (GC), the “matrix” of the nucleolus. Moreover, we showed by electronic microscopy, the persistence of GC at the end of maturation. Finally, we also studied the evolution of nucleoli in a pathological context of low risk myelodysplastic syndromes, which are characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis. We observed that immature pathological cells have larger GC than immature normal cells, but that during differentiation, the morphology of nucleoli is identical between normal and pathological cells. In conclusion, this work has allowed us to describe 1) the mechanisms of internalization of a class III receptor tyrosine kinase, c-Kit by imatinib and 2) the morphology of the nucleolus during normal and pathological low risk myelodysplastic syndromes of erythroid differentiation
Saby, Manon Juliette. "Identification de gènes candidats pour l'anémie de Blackfan-Diamond et caractérisation phénotypique." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/SABY_Manon_va2.pdf.
Full textDiamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a congenital rare erythroblastopenia due to a blockage in the maturation of erythroid cells between the BFU-e and CFU-e stages. DBA is characterized by an aregenerative, usually macrocytic, anemia, associated with the total absence or less than 5% of erythroid precursors in the bone marrow. In 50% of DBA cases, anemia is associated with congenital malformations affecting the cephalic area and the extremities of the limbs and a growth delay. The DBA phenotype and genotype are heterogeneous, however a mutation in a ribosomal protein (RP) gene, always at heterozygous state, is found in 80% of cases. Up to date, 20 RP genes have been associated with DBA pathophysiology, establishing DBA as the first identified ribosomopathy. Mutations of these RP induce a defect in rRNA maturation. Therefore, for ribosome dysfunction, cell cycle arrest and p53-mediated apoptosis induction are responsible for erythroblastopenia in patients. More rarely, DBA may be the consequence of mutations present on a non-PR gene: the GATA-1 gene (major transcription factor of erythropoiesis), the TSR2 gene (interacting with the RPS26 protein and involved in ribosome biogenesis) or the EPO gene (erythropoiesis key cytokine) have been identified so far. However, 20% of the DBA patients are still not genotypically diagnosed, leaving room for the discovery of new candidate genes. In this perspective, the aim of my PhD was therefore to identify new candidate genes involved in DBA etiology and characterize their functional roles of in order to confirm their link with DBA. For this purpose, we sequenced exomes on 25 families and identified 8 candidate genes. In this manuscript, I will present my work as part of a bigger project to validate four new genes involved in BDA pathophysiology.RPL9 is a RP of the large 60S ribosomal subunit. Mutations in this gene lead to two different phenotypes depending on the allelic variant: a DBA phenotype for an allelic variant of the 5' UTR or a phenotype associated with a cancer risk. As part of a collaborative work that compared the two RPL9 variants, I showed that the DBA variant only has an impact on erythroid differentiation Compared to a healthy individual, patients presenting the DBA variant exhibit a reduced proliferation rate and a delay in the acquisition of erythroid markers. P53-dependent activation of p21 in those cells is most likely responsible for the cell cycle arrest. Activation of caspases sign an induction of apoptosis and is consistent with the reduced viability of erythroid progenitors. A collaborative study on the RPL13 gene confirmed the specific role of certain RP proteins in non-DBA diseases and added a new disease to the list of ribosomopathiesXRibosome chaperone proteins represent a new group of genes that may be associated with DBA. I investigated the proliferation, division, amplification, differentiation and viability of primary erythroid cells from patients with allelic variations in one of these genes: HEATR3. These experiments revealed a lack of erythroid proliferation, with a defect in cell division. The mRNA and protein quantifications showed a stabilization of p53, leading to an activation of its targets: p21, controlling cell cycle, and Bax, involved in apoptosis induction. We also observed a delay in differentiation with the persistence of CD34 and IL-3R immaturity markers and a delay in the appearance of terminal markers such as BAND3 or alpha4-integrin. The role of HSP70 controlling GATA1 localization in early stages of the erythroid differentiation was recently elucidated. In this work, I identified as a new candidate gene for DBA, a HSP70 family member, HSPA14, and I characterized the defects in erythroid differentiation induced by this variant. Furthermore, I was able to identify an association of DBA with a variant in CECR1 gene encoding an adenosine deaminase in several families of the EURODBA consortium
Kurbatova, Polina. "Modélisation hybride de l'érythropoïèse et des maladies sanguines." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00752835.
Full textAït-Oudhia, Sihem. "Modélisation pharmacocinétique et pharmacodynamique de l'érythropoïétine humaine recombinante : étude préclinique chez le rat normal, et clinique chez le patient cancéreux et anémique." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05P605.
Full textErythropoiesis is the process by which red blood cells (RBC) are produced. Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein synthetized in the kidney and regulates erythropoesis. RHuEPO is a recombinant human EPO used in the treatment of anemia. In this work, the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of rHuEPO upon repeated intravenous injections were investigated in rats and cancer patients. First, a PK/PD study in rats allowed to characterize rHuEPO non stationary PK and to describe tolerance/rebound phenemona for reticulocytes (RET), RBC, and hemoglobin (HB). The experimental data were fitted by a mathematical model based upon receptor-mediated endocytosis for PK and lifespan-based indirect response model for PD. The non stationary PK was captured by a negative feedback loop from the RBC on the linear clearance. Then, a mathematical approach was developed to convert absolute RET count measured using flow cytometry technique into a maturation time to become mature RBC. This time was 1. 8 days in condition of stress erythropoiesis. The PK of rHuEPO was also studied in anemic cancer patients using a non-linear mixed effects approach, allowing the estimation of typical values and inter-individual variability. Several descriptors such as body weight, age, RET, HB, the total number of received chemotherapies and their platinum-based composition were significant covariates for rHuEPO clearance. In conclusion, the present work illustrates the benefits of utilizing PK/PD modeling techniques to describe and quantify the complex mechanisms of rHuEPO PK and its subsequent effects on erythropoiesis in physiologic and pathological settings
Grigorakaki, Christine. "Etude des mécanismes cellulaires et moléculaires de l'inhibition de l'érythropoïèse par la cytokine pro-inflammatoire Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10106/document.
Full textCancer-related anemia is thought to be mediated by the release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF[alpha]). TNF[alpha] is one of the major mediators of inflammation and has been linked to the inhibition of the erythropoietin (Epo) production from kidney, leading thus to anemia. However, the inhibitory effect of TNF[alpha] on erythroblast differentiation has been suggested by several in vitro studies. Previous results from the LBMCC lab on human leukemia cell lines showed that TNF[alpha] prevents over-expression of erythroid-specific genes in human erythroleukemia cell lines. In all cases, the inhibitory effect of TNF[alpha] was in correlation with the inhibition of the erythroid key transcription factor, GATA-1. In order to study the inhibitory effect of TNF[alpha] on the Epo-mediated erythropoiesis, we used CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) as a model. In our in vitro model, we reproduced different stages of erythropoiesis, allowing us to use this model for the study of TNF[alpha] and the erythroid lineage. The study of hemoglobin production, the cell morphology and the analysis of specific erythroid membrane markers, have shown the limited capacity of Epo to stimulate HSC erythroid differentiation under TNF[alpha] treatment. At the molecular level, we have correlated this effect to the reduced expression of erythroid-specific genes. Moreover, TNF[alpha] reduces the transcriptional activity of GATA-1 and induces its interaction with PU.1 via p38MAPK activation. Furthermore, GATA-2 expression is increased and the GATA-1/GATA-2 balance, which is critical for erythropoiesis, is partially disturbed by 144/451 miRs inhibition from TNF[alpha]