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Journal articles on the topic 'Escherichia coli O1113:H21'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Bettelheim, Karl A. "Non-O157 Verotoxin-Producing Escherichia coli: A Problem, Paradox, and Paradigm." Experimental Biology and Medicine 228, no. 4 (April 2003): 333–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153537020322800402.

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The problems associated with identification and characterization of non-O157 verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) are discussed. The paradox of VTEC is that most reports of human illnesses are associated with serotypes such as O157:H7, O111:H– (nonmotile), O26:H11, and O113:H21, which are rarely found in domestic animals. However, those VTEC serotypes commonly found in domestic animals, especially ruminants, rarely cause human illnesses. When they cause human illnesses, the symptoms are similar to those caused by the serotypes E. coli O157:H7, O111:H–, O26:H11, and O113:H21. The impact

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Miko, Angelika, Karin Pries, Sabine Haby, Katja Steege, Nadine Albrecht, Gladys Krause, and Lothar Beutin. "Assessment of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates from Wildlife Meat as Potential Pathogens for Humans." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 20 (August 21, 2009): 6462–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00904-09.

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ABSTRACT A total of 140 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains from wildlife meat (deer, wild boar, and hare) isolated in Germany between 1998 and 2006 were characterized with respect to their serotypes and virulence markers associated with human pathogenicity. The strains grouped into 38 serotypes, but eight O groups (21, 146, 128, 113, 22, 88, 6, and 91) and four H types (21, 28, 2, and 8) accounted for 71.4% and 75.7% of all STEC strains from game, respectively. Eighteen of the serotypes, including enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) O26:[H11] and O103:H2, were previously found

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Bugarel, Marie, Lothar Beutin, and Patrick Fach. "Low-Density Macroarray Targeting Non-Locus of Enterocyte Effacement Effectors (nle Genes) and Major Virulence Factors of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli (STEC): a New Approach for Molecular Risk Assessment of STEC Isolates." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 1 (October 30, 2009): 203–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01921-09.

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ABSTRACT Rapid and specific detection of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains with a high level of virulence for humans has become a priority for public health authorities. This study reports on the development of a low-density macroarray for simultaneously testing the genes stx 1, stx 2, eae, and ehxA and six different nle genes issued from genomic islands OI-122 (ent, nleB, and nleE) and OI-71 (nleF, nleH1-2, and nleA). Various strains of E. coli isolated from the environment, food, animals, and healthy children have been compared with clinical isolates of various seropathot

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Luck, Shelley N., Luminita Badea, Vicki Bennett-Wood, Roy Robins-Browne, and Elizabeth L. Hartland. "Contribution of FliC to Epithelial Cell Invasion by Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O113:H21." Infection and Immunity 74, no. 12 (September 18, 2006): 6999–7004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00435-06.

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ABSTRACT Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O113:H21 can invade epithelial cells. In this study, we found that invasion but not adherence was inhibited by anti-FliCH21 specific antibodies. In addition, deletion of fliCH21 from EHEC O113:H21 resulted in an eightfold decrease in invasion that was restored upon transcomplementation with fliCH21 but not with fliCH6 . These results suggested that FliC plays an important role in the pathogenesis of infections caused by EHEC O113:H21 by allowing bacteria to penetrate the intestinal epithelium.

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5

Bielaszewska, Martina, Marina Fell, Lilo Greune, Rita Prager, Angelika Fruth, Helmut Tschäpe, M. Alexander Schmidt, and Helge Karch. "Characterization of Cytolethal Distending Toxin Genes and Expression in Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Strains of Non-O157 Serogroups." Infection and Immunity 72, no. 3 (March 2004): 1812–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.72.3.1812-1816.2004.

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ABSTRACT We identified cytolethal distending toxin and its gene (cdt) in 17 of 340 non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains (serotypes O73:H18, O91:H21, O113:H21, and O153:H18), all of which were eae negative. cdt is either chromosomal and homologous to cdt-V (serotypes O73:H18, O91:H21, and O113:H21) or plasmidborne and identical to cdt-III (serotype O153:H18). Among eae-negative STEC, cdt was associated with disease (P = 0.003).

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Paton, Adrienne W., and James C. Paton. "Molecular Characterization of the Locus Encoding Biosynthesis of the Lipopolysaccharide O Antigen of Escherichia coliSerotype O113." Infection and Immunity 67, no. 11 (November 1, 1999): 5930–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.67.11.5930-5937.1999.

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ABSTRACT Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) strains are a diverse group of organisms capable of causing severe gastrointestinal disease in humans. Within the STEC family, eae-positive STEC strains, particularly those belonging to serogroups O157 and O111, appear to have greater virulence for humans. However, in spite of beingeae negative, STEC strains belonging to serogroup O113 have frequently been associated with cases of severe STEC disease, including hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). Western blot analysis with convalescent-phase serum from a patient with HUS caused by an O113:H21 STEC

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7

Shen, Songhai, Mariola Mascarenhas, Kris Rahn, James B. Kaper, and Mohamed A. Karmal. "Evidence for a Hybrid Genomic Island in Verocytotoxin-Producing Escherichia coli CL3 (Serotype O113:H21) Containing Segments of EDL933 (Serotype O157:H7) O Islands 122 and 48." Infection and Immunity 72, no. 3 (March 2004): 1496–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.72.3.1496-1503.2004.

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ABSTRACT Genomic O island 122 (OI-122) of the verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) strain EDL933 contains four putative virulence genes, Z4321, Z4326, Z4332, and Z4333. However, strain CL3 (serotype O113:H21) contains only Z4321, not the other three genes. To determine whether Z4321 is part of a different genomic island in CL3, a region of 27,293 bp up- and downstream of Z4321 was sequenced and found to contain elements of two different EDL933 genomic islands (OI-48 and OI-122) and a Yersinia pestis-like hemolysin/adhesin gene cluster. The region contained OI-48 genes Z1635, Z1636,

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Luck, Shelley N., Vicki Bennett-Wood, Rachael Poon, Roy M. Robins-Browne, and Elizabeth L. Hartland. "Invasion of Epithelial Cells by Locus of Enterocyte Effacement-Negative Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli." Infection and Immunity 73, no. 5 (May 2005): 3063–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.73.5.3063-3071.2005.

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ABSTRACT The majority of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) strains associated with severe disease carry the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) pathogenicity island, which encodes the ability to induce attaching and effacing lesions on the host intestinal mucosa. While LEE is essential for colonization of the host in these pathogens, strains of EHEC that do not carry LEE are regularly isolated from patients with severe disease, although little is known about the way these organisms interact with the host epithelium. In this study, we compared the adherence properties of clinical isola

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dos Santos, Luis Fernando, Kinue Irino, Tânia Mara Ibelli Vaz, and Beatriz Ernestina Cabilio Guth. "Set of virulence genes and genetic relatedness of O113 : H21 Escherichia coli strains isolated from the animal reservoir and human infections in Brazil." Journal of Medical Microbiology 59, no. 6 (June 1, 2010): 634–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.015263-0.

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Escherichia coli strains of serotype O113 : H21 are commonly described as belonging to a Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing E. coli (STEC) pathotype worldwide. Albeit this STEC serotype is frequently identified among cattle and other domestic animals, to the best of our knowledge no human infections associated with STEC O113 : H21 have been registered in Brazil to date. Here, we report the virulence profile and genetic relatedness of a collection of O113 : H21 E. coli strains mainly isolated from the animal reservoir aimed at determining their potential as human pathogens. The strains from the animal

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10

Feng, Peter C. H., Sabine Delannoy, David W. Lacher, Luis Fernando dos Santos, Lothar Beutin, Patrick Fach, Marta Rivas, Elizabeth L. Hartland, Adrienne W. Paton, and Beatriz E. C. Guth. "Genetic Diversity and Virulence Potential of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli O113:H21 Strains Isolated from Clinical, Environmental, and Food Sources." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80, no. 15 (May 23, 2014): 4757–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01182-14.

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ABSTRACTShiga toxin-producingEscherichia colistrains of serotype O113:H21 have caused severe human diseases, but they are unusual in that they do not produce adherence factors coded by the locus of enterocyte effacement. Here, a PCR microarray was used to characterize 65 O113:H21 strains isolated from the environment, food, and clinical infections from various countries. In comparison to the pathogenic strains that were implicated in hemolytic-uremic syndrome in Australia, there were no clear differences between the pathogens and the environmental strains with respect to the 41 genetic markers

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11

Blanco, Jorge, Miguel Blanco, Jesus E. Blanco, Azucena Mora, Enrique A. Gonzalez, Maria I. Bernardez, Maria P. Alonso, et al. "Verotoxin-Producing Escherichia coli in Spain: Prevalence, Serotypes, and Virulence Genes of O157:H7 and Non-O157 VTEC in Ruminants, Raw Beef Products, and Humans." Experimental Biology and Medicine 228, no. 4 (April 2003): 345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153537020322800403.

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In Spain, as in many other countries, verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) strains have been frequently isolated from cattle, sheep, and foods. VTEC strains have caused seven outbreaks in Spain (six caused by E. coli O157:H7 and one by E. coli O111:H– [nonmotile]) in recent years. An analysis of the serotypes indicated serological diversity. Among the strains isolated from humans, serotypes O26:H11, O111:H–, and O157:H7 were found to be more prevalent. The most frequently detected serotypes in cattle were O20:H19, O22:H8, O26:H11, O77:H41, O105:H18, O113:H21, O157:H7, O171:H2, and OUT (

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12

Paton, Adrienne W., Matthew C. Woodrow, Robyn M. Doyle, Janice A. Lanser, and James C. Paton. "Molecular Characterization of a Shiga ToxigenicEscherichia coli O113:H21 Strain Lacking eaeResponsible for a Cluster of Cases of Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37, no. 10 (1999): 3357–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.37.10.3357-3361.1999.

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Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) strains are a diverse group of organisms capable of causing severe gastrointestinal disease in humans. Within the STEC family, certain strains appear to have greater virulence for humans. STEC strains carryingeae and belonging to serogroup O157 or O111 have been responsible for the vast majority of outbreaks of STEC disease reported to date. Here we describe a STEC O113:H21 strain lackingeae that was responsible for a cluster of three cases of hemolytic-uremic syndrome. This strain produces a single Stx2-related toxin and adheres efficiently to Henle 407

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13

Feng, Peter, Sabine Delannoy, David W. Lacher, Joseph M. Bosilevac, and Patrick Fach. "Characterization and Virulence Potential of Serogroup O113 Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Beef and Cattle in the United States." Journal of Food Protection 80, no. 3 (February 15, 2017): 383–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-325.

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ABSTRACT Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC) of serotype O113:H21 have caused severe diseases but are unusual in that they do not produce the intimin protein required for adherence to intestinal epithelial cells. Strains of serogroup O113 are one of the most common STEC found in ground beef and beef products in the United States, but their virulence potential is unknown. We used a microarray to characterize 65 O113 strains isolated in the United States from ground beef, beef trim, cattle feces, and fresh spinach. Most were O113:H21 strains, but there were also nine strains of O113:H4

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14

Bumunang, Emmanuel W., Collins N. Ateba, Kim Stanford, Yan D. Niu, Y. Wang, and Tim A. McAllister. "Activity of Bacteriophage and Complex Tannins against Biofilm-Forming Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli from Canada and South Africa." Antibiotics 9, no. 5 (May 15, 2020): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9050257.

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Bacteriophages, natural killers of bacteria, and plant secondary metabolites, such as condensed tannins, are potential agents for the control of foodborne pathogens. The first objective of this study evaluated the efficacy of a bacteriophage SA21RB in reducing pre-formed biofilms on stainless-steel produced by two Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains, one from South Africa and the other from Canada. The second objective examined the anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm activity of condensed tannin (CT) from purple prairie clover and phlorotannins (PT) from brown seaweed against the

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15

Seyahian, E. Abril, Gisela Oltra, Federico Ochoa, Santiago Melendi, Ricardo Hermes, James C. Paton, Adrienne W. Paton, et al. "Systemic effects of Subtilase cytotoxin produced by Escherichia coli O113:H21." Toxicon 127 (March 2017): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.12.014.

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Rogers, Trisha J., James C. Paton, Hui Wang, Ursula M. Talbot, and Adrienne W. Paton. "Reduced Virulence of an fliC Mutant of Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli O113:H21." Infection and Immunity 74, no. 3 (March 2006): 1962–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.74.3.1962-1966.2006.

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ABSTRACT The contribution of flagellin to the virulence of the O113:H21 Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) strain 98NK2 was investigated in the streptomycin-treated mouse model. Groups of mice were challenged with either the wild-type STEC or a fliC deletion derivative thereof. There was no difference in the level of gut colonization by the two strains, but the fliC mutant was significantly less virulent than its parent; the overall survival rates were 43.7% and 81.2%, respectively (P < 0.025). This is the first report of a nontoxic accessory virulence factor contributing to a fatal ou

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17

Lima, Paulo Gomes de, Thalita Martins da Silva, Luciana Maria Ramires Esper, Alice Gonçalves Martins Gonzalez, and Robson Maia Franco. "Viabilidade de Escherichia coli O153:H25, O113:H21 e O111:H8 (STEC não-O157) produtoras de toxina Shiga em queijo minas frescal." Ciência Rural 45, no. 1 (January 2015): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20131678.

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A existência de um reservatório animal é de grande importância na transmissão de Escherichia coli, produtora de toxina shiga (STEC) aos humanos. Epidemiologicamente, o sorotipo O157:H7 tem sido o mais envolvido em surtos de doença humana causada por STEC, porém surtos envolvendo STEC não pertencentes ao sorogrupo O157 (STEC não-O157) têm sido descritos. Inúmeros trabalhos constatam uma elevada ocorrência destes microrganismos em fezes de bovinos no Brasil, entretanto, pouco se sabe sobre a transmissão destes aos produtos de origem animal em nosso país. Neste trabalho, foi avaliada a viabilidad

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18

Hornitzky, Michael A., Kim Mercieca, Karl A. Bettelheim, and Steven P. Djordjevic. "Bovine Feces from Animals with Gastrointestinal Infections Are a Source of Serologically Diverse Atypical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli Strains That Commonly Possess Intimin." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 7 (July 2005): 3405–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.7.3405-3412.2005.

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ABSTRACT Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) cells were isolated from 191 fecal samples from cattle with gastrointestinal infections (diagnostic samples) collected in New South Wales, Australia. By using a multiplex PCR, E. coli cells possessing combinations of stx 1, stx 2, eae, and ehxA were detected by a combination of direct culture and enrichment in E. coli (EC) (modified) broth followed by plating on vancomycin-cefixime-cefsulodin blood (BVCC) agar for the presence of enterohemolytic colonies and on sorbitol MacConkey agar for the presence of

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Pereira, Maria das Graças C., Barbara A. Byrne, Trân B. H. Nguyen, David J. Lewis, and E. Robert Atwill. "The occurrence of subtilase-cytotoxin-encoding genes in environmental Escherichia coli isolated from a Northern California estuary." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 59, no. 6 (June 2013): 437–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2012-0606.

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The presence of subtilase-cytotoxin-encoding genes was determined in 397 environmental Escherichia coli strains isolated from water, suspended solids, and sediments sampled from different hydrological and environmental conditions in a California estuary. A total of 7 strains (1.76%) were found to harbor subtilase-cytotoxin-encoding genes. Using primers targeting subA only, we generated PCR amplicons from 2 strains; while using primers targeting the 3′ end of SubA downstream to the 5′ end of SubB, amplicons of 232 bp were generated from 5 additional strains. The 556 bp subA sequences were almos

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Doughty, Stephen, Joan Sloan, Vicki Bennett-Wood, Marcus Robertson, Roy M. Robins-Browne, and Elizabeth L. Hartland. "Identification of a Novel Fimbrial Gene Cluster Related to Long Polar Fimbriae in Locus of Enterocyte Effacement-Negative Strains of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli." Infection and Immunity 70, no. 12 (December 2002): 6761–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.70.12.6761-6769.2002.

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ABSTRACT Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is a food-borne cause of bloody diarrhea and the hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) in humans. Most strains of EHEC belong to a group of bacterial pathogens that cause distinctive lesions on the host intestine termed attaching-and-effacing (A/E) lesions. A/E strains of EHEC, including the predominant serotype, O157:H7, are responsible for the majority of HUS outbreaks worldwide. However, several serotypes of EHEC are not A/E pathogens because they lack the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) pathogenicity island. Nevertheless, such strains have

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21

Ballem, Andressa, Soraia Gonçalves, Isidro Garcia-Meniño, Saskia C. Flament-Simon, Jesús E. Blanco, Conceição Fernandes, Maria José Saavedra, et al. "Prevalence and serotypes of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in dairy cattle from Northern Portugal." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 31, 2020): e0244713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244713.

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The prevalence of Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) was determined by evaluating its presence in faecal samples from 155 heifers, and 254 dairy cows in 21 farms at North of Portugal sampled between December 2017 and June 2019. The prevalence of STEC in heifers (45%) was significantly higher than in lactating cows (16%) (p<0.05, Fisher exact test statistic value is <0.00001). A total of 133 STEC were isolated, 24 (13.8%) carried Shiga-toxin 1 (stx1) genes, 69 (39.7%) carried Shiga-toxin 2 (stx2) genes, and 40 (23%) carried both stx1 and stx2. Intimin (eae) virulence gene

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Herold, Sylvia, James C. Paton, and Adrienne W. Paton. "Sab, a Novel Autotransporter of Locus of Enterocyte Effacement-Negative Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli O113:H21, Contributes to Adherence and Biofilm Formation." Infection and Immunity 77, no. 8 (June 1, 2009): 3234–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00031-09.

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ABSTRACT Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) strains cause serious gastrointestinal disease, which can lead to potentially life-threatening systemic complications such as hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Although the production of Shiga toxin has been considered to be the main virulence trait of STEC for many years, the capacity to colonize the host intestinal epithelium is a crucial step in pathogenesis. In this study, we have characterized a novel megaplasmid-encoded outer membrane protein in locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE)-negative O113:H21 STEC strain 98NK2, termed Sab (for STEC autotra

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MASANA, M. O., B. A. D'ASTEK, P. M. PALLADINO, L. GALLI, L. L. DEL CASTILLO, C. CARBONARI, G. A. LEOTTA, E. VILACOBA, K. IRINO, and M. RIVAS. "Genotypic Characterization of Non-O157 Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli in Beef Abattoirs of Argentina." Journal of Food Protection 74, no. 12 (December 1, 2011): 2008–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-11-189.

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The non-O157 Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC) contamination in carcasses and feces of 811 bovines in nine beef abattoirs from Argentina was analyzed during a period of 17 months. The feces of 181 (22.3%) bovines were positive for non-O157 STEC, while 73 (9.0%) of the carcasses showed non-O157 STEC contamination. Non-O157 STEC strains isolated from feces (227) and carcasses (80) were characterized. The main serotypes identified were O178:H19, O8:H19, O130:H11, and O113:H21, all of which have produced sporadic cases of hemolytic-uremic syndrome in Argentina and worldwide. Twenty-two

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Hussein, Hussein S., and Stanley T. Omaye. "Introduction to the Food Safety Concerns of Verotoxin-Producing Escherichia coli." Experimental Biology and Medicine 228, no. 4 (April 2003): 331–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153537020322800401.

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Verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) have emerged in the past two decades as food-borne pathogens that can cause major outbreaks of human illnesses worldwide. The number of outbreaks has increased in recent years due to changes in food production and processing systems, eating habits, microbial adaptation, and methods of VTEC transmission. The human illnesses range from mild diarrhea to hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) that can lead to death. The VTEC outbreaks have been attributed to O157:H7 and non-O157:H7 serotypes of E. coli. These E. coli serotypes include motile (e.g., O26:H11 and

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Dytoc, M. T., A. Ismaili, D. J. Philpott, R. Soni, J. L. Brunton, and P. M. Sherman. "Distinct binding properties of eaeA-negative verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli of serotype O113:H21." Infection and Immunity 62, no. 8 (1994): 3494–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.62.8.3494-3505.1994.

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Pradel, Nathalie, Valérie Livrelli, Christophe De Champs, Jean-Bernard Palcoux, Alain Reynaud, Flemming Scheutz, Jacques Sirot, Bernard Joly, and Christiane Forestier. "Prevalence and Characterization of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Cattle, Food, and Children during a One-Year Prospective Study in France." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38, no. 3 (2000): 1023–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.38.3.1023-1031.2000.

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During a 1-year survey of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) prevalence in central France, 2,143 samples were investigated by PCR for Shiga toxin-encoding genes. A total of 330 (70%) of 471 fecal samples collected from healthy cattle at the Clermont-Ferrand slaughterhouse, 47 (11%) of 411 beef samples, 60 (10%) of 603 cheese samples, and 19 (3%) of 658 stool specimens from hospitalized children with and without diarrhea were positive for thestx gene(s). A STEC strain was isolated from 34% (162 of 471) of bovine feces, 4% (16 of 411) of beef samples, 1% (5 of 603) of cheese samples,

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Beutin, Lothar, Angelika Miko, Gladys Krause, Karin Pries, Sabine Haby, Katja Steege, and Nadine Albrecht. "Identification of Human-Pathogenic Strains of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli from Food by a Combination of Serotyping and Molecular Typing of Shiga Toxin Genes." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 15 (June 8, 2007): 4769–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00873-07.

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ABSTRACT We examined 219 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains from meat, milk, and cheese samples collected in Germany between 2005 and 2006. All strains were investigated for their serotypes and for genetic variants of Shiga toxins 1 and 2 (Stx1 and Stx2). stx 1 or variant genes were detected in 88 (40.2%) strains and stx 2 and variants in 177 (80.8%) strains. Typing of stx genes was performed by stx-specific PCRs and by analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) of PCR products. Major genotypes of the Stx1 (stx 1, stx 1c, and stx 1d) and the Stx2 (stx 2, st

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Hauser, Elisabeth, Alexander Mellmann, Torsten Semmler, Helen Stoeber, Lothar H. Wieler, Helge Karch, Nikole Kuebler, et al. "Phylogenetic and Molecular Analysis of Food-Borne Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 79, no. 8 (February 15, 2013): 2731–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03552-12.

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ABSTRACTSeventy-five food-associated Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coli(STEC) strains were analyzed by molecular and phylogenetic methods to describe their pathogenic potential. The presence of the locus of proteolysis activity (LPA), the chromosomal pathogenicity island (PAI) PAI ICL3, and the autotransporter-encoding genesabAwas examined by PCR. Furthermore, the occupation of the chromosomal integration sites of the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE),selC,pheU, andpheV, as well as the Stx phage integration sitesyehV,yecE,wrbA,z2577, andssrA, was analyzed. Moreover, the antibiotic resist

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Montero, David, Paz Orellana, Daniela Gutiérrez, Daniela Araya, Juan Carlos Salazar, Valeria Prado, Ángel Oñate, Felipe del Canto, and Roberto Vidal. "Immunoproteomic Analysis To Identify Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Outer Membrane Proteins Expressed during Human Infection." Infection and Immunity 82, no. 11 (August 25, 2014): 4767–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.02030-14.

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ABSTRACTShiga-toxin producingEscherichia coli(STEC) is the etiologic agent of acute diarrhea, dysentery, and hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). There is no approved vaccine for STEC infection in humans, and antibiotic use is contraindicated, as it promotes Shiga toxin production. In order to identify STEC-associated antigens and immunogenic proteins, outer membrane proteins (OMPs) were extracted from STEC O26:H11, O103, O113:H21, and O157:H7 strains, and commensalE. colistrain HS was used as a control. SDS-PAGE, two-dimensional-PAGE analysis, Western blot assays using sera from pediatric HUS pat

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Feng, Peter C. H., and Shanker Reddy. "Prevalences of Shiga Toxin Subtypes and Selected Other Virulence Factors among Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Fresh Produce." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 79, no. 22 (August 30, 2013): 6917–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02455-13.

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ABSTRACTShiga-toxigenicEscherichia coli(STEC) strains were isolated from a variety of fresh produce, but mostly from spinach, with an estimated prevalence rate of 0.5%. A panel of 132 produce STEC strains were characterized for the presence of virulence and putative virulence factor genes and for Shiga toxin subtypes. About 9% of the isolates were found to have theeaegene, which encodes the intimin binding protein, and most of these belonged to known pathogenic STEC serotypes, such as O157:H7 and O26:H11, or to serotypes that reportedly have caused human illness. Among theeae-negative strains,

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Bando, Iamashita, Silva, Costa, Abe, Bertonha, Guth, Fujita, and Moreira-Filho. "Dynamic Gene Network Analysis of Caco-2 Cell Response to Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli-Associated Hemolytic–Uremic Syndrome." Microorganisms 7, no. 7 (July 8, 2019): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7070195.

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Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O113:H21 strains are associated with human diarrhea and some strains may cause hemolytic–uremic syndrome (HUS). In Brazil, these strains are commonly found in cattle but, so far, were not isolated from HUS patients. Here, a system biology approach was used to investigate the differential transcriptomic and phenotypic responses of enterocyte-like Caco-2 cells to two STEC O113:H21 strains with similar virulence factor profiles (i.e. expressing stx2, ehxA, epeA, espA, iha, saa, sab, and subA): EH41 (Caco-2/EH41), isolated from a HUS patient in Austral

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Gerhardt, Elizabeth, Mariana Masso, Adrienne W. Paton, James C. Paton, Elsa Zotta, and Cristina Ibarra. "Inhibition of Water Absorption and Selective Damage to Human Colonic Mucosa Are Induced by Subtilase Cytotoxin Produced by Escherichia coli O113:H21." Infection and Immunity 81, no. 8 (June 3, 2013): 2931–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00287-13.

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ABSTRACTShiga toxin-producingEscherichia coliO157:H7 (STEC) is by far the most prevalent serotype associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) although many non-O157 STEC strains have been also isolated from patients with HUS. The main virulence factor of STEC is the Shiga toxin type 2 (Stx2) present in O157 and non-O157 strains. Recently, another toxin, named subtilase cytotoxin (SubAB), has been isolated from several non-O157 strains and may contribute to the pathogenesis of HUS. Here, we have demonstrated that an O113:H21 STEC strain expressing SubAB and Stx2 inhibits normal water absorp

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Rogers, Trisha J., Cheleste M. Thorpe, Adrienne W. Paton, and James C. Paton. "Role of Lipid Rafts and Flagellin in Invasion of Colonic Epithelial Cells by Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli O113:H21." Infection and Immunity 80, no. 8 (June 11, 2012): 2858–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00336-12.

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ABSTRACTShiga-toxigenicEscherichia coli(STEC) O113:H21 strains that lack the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) efficiently invade eukaryotic cellsin vitro, unlike LEE-positive O157:H7 strains. We used afliCdeletion mutant of the O113:H21 STEC strain 98NK2 (98NK2ΔfliC) to show that invasion of colonic epithelial (HCT-8) cells is heavily dependent on production of flagellin, even though adherence to the cells was actually enhanced in the mutant. Flagellin binds and signals through Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5), but there was no evidence that either TLR5, the adaptor protein myeloid differentiat

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Cicuta, M. E., N. L. Deza, W. R. Roibón, O. R. Arzú, and M. C. Barceló. "Escherichia coli productor de toxina Shiga en carnes molidas y chacinados embutidos de Corrientes, Argentina." Revista Veterinaria 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.30972/vet.2011875.

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<p>Escherichia coli productor de toxina Shiga (STEC) causa casos esporádicos y brotes de diarrea con o sin sangre y síndrome urémico hemolítico. El serotipo O157:H7 es prevalente, pero existen otros serotipos como O26:H11; O103:H2;O111:NM; O121:H19 y O145:NM asociados a enfermedad humana severa. Los rumiantes en general y el ganado vacuno en particular, han sido señalados como los principales reservorios de STEC, y los alimentos de origen cárnico como el vehículo más frecuente. Entre octubre de 2006 y noviembre de 2008 se analizaron bacteriológicamente 246 muestras (206 de carne molida b

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Paton, Adrienne W., Potjanee Srimanote, Matthew C. Woodrow, and James C. Paton. "Characterization of Saa, a Novel Autoagglutinating Adhesin Produced by Locus of Enterocyte Effacement-Negative Shiga-ToxigenicEscherichia coli Strains That Are Virulent for Humans." Infection and Immunity 69, no. 11 (November 1, 2001): 6999–7009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.69.11.6999-7009.2001.

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ABSTRACT The capacity of Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli(STEC) to adhere to the intestinal mucosa undoubtedly contributes to pathogenesis of human disease. The majority of STEC strains isolated from severe cases produce attaching and effacing lesions on the intestinal mucosa, a property mediated by the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) pathogenicity island. This element is not essential for pathogenesis, as some cases of severe disease, including hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), are caused by LEE-negative STEC strains, but the mechanism whereby these adhere to the intestinal mucosa is not

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Rogers, Trisha J., Adrienne W. Paton, Shaun R. McColl, and James C. Paton. "Enhanced CXC Chemokine Responses of Human Colonic Epithelial Cells to Locus of Enterocyte Effacement-Negative Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli." Infection and Immunity 71, no. 10 (October 2003): 5623–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.71.10.5623-5632.2003.

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ABSTRACT There is increasing evidence that by facilitating translocation of Shiga toxin (Stx) across the intestinal epithelium and by transporting bound toxin to remote sites such as the renal endothelium, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) play a key role in the pathogenesis of Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) disease. Plasma levels of PMN-attracting CXC chemokines such as interleukin-8 (IL-8) also appear to correlate in humans with the severity of disease. Thus, the capacity of STEC strains to elicit CXC chemokine responses in intestinal epithelial cells may be a crucial step in path

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Srimanote, Potjanee, Adrienne W. Paton, and James C. Paton. "Characterization of a Novel Type IV Pilus Locus Encoded on the Large Plasmid of Locus of Enterocyte Effacement-Negative Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli Strains That Are Virulent for Humans." Infection and Immunity 70, no. 6 (June 2002): 3094–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.70.6.3094-3100.2002.

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ABSTRACT The majority of Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) strains isolated from humans with gastrointestinal disease carry large (approximately 90-kb) plasmids. We have been analyzing the megaplasmid (designated pO113) from an O113:H21 STEC strain (98NK2). This strain lacks the locus for enterocyte effacement (LEE) and yet was responsible for an outbreak of hemolytic uremic syndrome. In the present study, we demonstrate that pO113 carries a novel type IV pilus biosynthesis locus (pil) related to those of the IncI plasmids R721, R64, and ColIb9. The pO113 pil locus consists of 11 closely

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Paton, Adrienne W., Potjanee Srimanote, Ursula M. Talbot, Hui Wang, and James C. Paton. "A New Family of Potent AB5 Cytotoxins Produced by Shiga Toxigenic Escherichia coli." Journal of Experimental Medicine 200, no. 1 (June 28, 2004): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20040392.

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The Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) O113:H21 strain 98NK2, which was responsible for an outbreak of hemolytic uremic syndrome, secretes a highly potent and lethal subtilase cytotoxin that is unrelated to any bacterial toxin described to date. It is the prototype of a new family of AB5 toxins, comprising a single 35-kilodalton (kD) A subunit and a pentamer of 13-kD B subunits. The A subunit is a subtilase-like serine protease distantly related to the BA_2875 gene product of Bacillus anthracis. The B subunit is related to a putative exported protein from Yersinia pestis, and binds to a m

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Gilmour, Matthew W., Adam B. Olson, Ashleigh K. Andrysiak, Lai-King Ng, and Linda Chui. "Sequence-based typing of genetic targets encoded outside of the O-antigen gene cluster is indicative of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli serogroup lineages." Journal of Medical Microbiology 56, no. 5 (May 1, 2007): 620–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.47053-0.

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Serogroup classifications based upon the O-somatic antigen of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) provide significant epidemiological information on clinical isolates. Each O-antigen determinant is encoded by a unique cluster of genes present between the gnd and galF chromosomal genes. Alternatively, serogroup-specific polymorphisms might be encoded in loci that are encoded outside of the O-antigen gene cluster. Segments of the core bacterial loci mdh, gnd, gcl, ppk, metA, ftsZ, relA and metG for 30 O26 STEC strains have previously been sequenced, and comparative analyses to O157 dis

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Dallman, T., G. P. Smith, B. O'Brien, M. A. Chattaway, D. Finlay, K. A. Grant, and C. Jenkins. "Characterization of a Verocytotoxin-Producing Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli Serogroup O111:H21 Strain Associated with a Household Outbreak in Northern Ireland." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 50, no. 12 (October 3, 2012): 4116–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.02047-12.

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Herold, Sylvia, James C. Paton, Potjanee Srimanote, and Adrienne W. Paton. "Differential effects of short-chain fatty acids and iron on expression of iha in Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli." Microbiology 155, no. 11 (November 1, 2009): 3554–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.029454-0.

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Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) colonizing the bowel are exposed to a variety of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), including acetate, propionate and butyrate, produced by gut microflora. However, the total concentrations and relative amounts of SCFAs in the lumen vary with intestinal niche. Here we report that conditions simulating SCFA concentrations present in the human gut trigger expression of the iha gene, which encodes an adherence-conferring outer-membrane protein of pathogenic E. coli. We show that growth under conditions simulating colonic, but not ileal, SCFA concentrations in

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Girardeau, Jean Pierre, Yolande Bertin, and Christine Martin. "Genomic analysis of the PAI ICL3 locus in pathogenic LEE-negative Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli and Citrobacter rodentium." Microbiology 155, no. 4 (April 1, 2009): 1016–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.026807-0.

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Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) causes a spectrum of human illnesses such as haemorrhagic colitis and haemolytic–uraemic syndrome. Although the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) seems to confer enhanced virulence, LEE-negative STEC strains are also associated with severe human disease, suggesting that other unknown factors enhance the virulence potential of STEC strains. A novel hybrid pathogenicity island, termed PAI ICL3, has been previously characterized in the LEE-negative O113 : H21 STEC strain CL3. Screening for the presence of PAI ICL3 elements in 469 strains of E. coli

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Newton, Hayley J., Joan Sloan, Vicki Bennett-Wood, Louise M. Adams, Roy M. Robins-Browne, and Elizabeth L. Hartland. "Contribution of Long Polar Fimbriae to the Virulence of Rabbit-Specific Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli." Infection and Immunity 72, no. 3 (March 2004): 1230–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.72.3.1230-1239.2004.

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ABSTRACT Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is a major of cause of diarrhea among children in developing countries. Although EPEC is a human specific pathogen, some related strains are natural pathogens of animals, including laboratory-bred rabbits. We have identified two chromosomal loci in rabbit-specific EPEC (REPEC) O15:H− strain 83/39, which are predicted to encode long polar fimbriae (LPF). lpfR154 was identical to a fimbrial gene cluster, lpfO113 , identified previously in enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) O113:H21. The second locus, lpfR141 , comprised a novel sequence with five p

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ATALLA, HEBA NASHED, ROGER JOHNSON, SCOTT MCEWEN, R. W. USBORNE, and C. L. GYLES. "Use of a Shiga Toxin (Stx)-Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Immunoblot for Detection and Isolation of Stx-Producing Escherichia coli from Naturally Contaminated Beef." Journal of Food Protection 63, no. 9 (September 1, 2000): 1167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-63.9.1167.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and an immunoblot procedure for detection and isolation of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) from beef, and to correlate the presence of STEC in beef with E. coli and total coliform counts. A total of 120 samples of boneless beef supplied to a meat processor in southern Ontario were tested for the presence of STEC, E. coli, and total coliforms. Following enrichment in modified tryptic soy broth, samples were screened for Shiga toxin (Stx) by a Stx-ELISA and a Vero cell assay (VCA). Samples that w

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Paton, Adrienne W., Austen Y. Chen, Hui Wang, Lauren J. McAllister, Florian Höggerl, Ulrike Beate Mayr, Lucy K. Shewell, et al. "Protection against Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli by Non-Genetically Modified Organism Receptor Mimic Bacterial Ghosts." Infection and Immunity 83, no. 9 (June 22, 2015): 3526–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00669-15.

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Shiga-toxigenicEscherichia coli(STEC) causes severe gastrointestinal infections in humans that may lead to life-threatening systemic sequelae, such as the hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Rapid diagnosis of STEC infection early in the course of disease opens a window of opportunity for therapeutic intervention, for example, by administration of agents that neutralize Shiga toxin (Stx) in the gut lumen. We previously developed a recombinant bacterium that expresses a mimic of the Stx receptor globotriaosyl ceramide (Gb3) on its surface through modification of the lipopolysaccharide (A. W. Paton

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Imuta, Naoko, Tadasuke Ooka, Kazuko Seto, Ryuji Kawahara, Toyoyasu Koriyama, Tsuyoshi Kojyo, Atsushi Iguchi, et al. "Phylogenetic Analysis of Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) Isolates from Japan Reveals Emergence of CTX-M-14-Producing EAEC O25:H4 Clones Related to Sequence Type 131." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 54, no. 8 (June 1, 2016): 2128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.00711-16.

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EnteroaggregativeEscherichia coli(EAEC) causes acute or persistent diarrhea. TheaggRgene is widely used as a marker for typical EAEC. The heterogeneity of EAEC is well known; however, there are few reports on the phylogenetic relationships of EAEC. Recently, CTX-M extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing EAEC strains have been reported worldwide. To characterize EAEC strains in Japan, we investigated the population structure of EAEC. A total of 167aggR-positive strains isolated from stool specimens from diarrheal patients in Kagoshima (139 strains) and Osaka (28 strains), Japan, between

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Goldwater, P. N., N. Giles, and K. A. Bettelheim. "An unusual case of microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia associated with enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O113:H21 infection, a verocytotoxin-2/shiga toxin-2 producing serotype." Journal of Infection 37, no. 3 (November 1998): 302–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0163-4453(98)92324-6.

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Leyton, Denisse L., Joan Sloan, Rebecca E. Hill, Steven Doughty, and Elizabeth L. Hartland. "Transfer Region of pO113 from Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli: Similarity with R64 and Identification of a Novel Plasmid-Encoded Autotransporter, EpeA." Infection and Immunity 71, no. 11 (November 2003): 6307–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.71.11.6307-6319.2003.

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ABSTRACT Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is a prominent, food-borne cause of diarrhea, bloody diarrhea, and the hemolytic uremic syndrome in industrialized countries. Most strains of EHEC carry the locus for enterocyte effacement (LEE) pathogenicity island, but a proportion of isolates from patients with severe disease do not carry LEE and very little is known about virulence factors in these organisms. LEE-negative strains of EHEC typically express Shiga toxin 2 and carry a large plasmid that encodes the production of EHEC hemolysin. In this study, we determined the nucleotide seque

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Jandu, Narveen, Peter J. M. Ceponis, Seiichi Kato, Jason D. Riff, Derek M. McKay, and Philip M. Sherman. "Conditioned Medium from Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli-Infected T84 Cells Inhibits Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 1 Activation by Gamma Interferon." Infection and Immunity 74, no. 3 (March 2006): 1809–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.74.3.1809-1818.2006.

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ABSTRACT Gamma interferon (IFN-γ) is a cytokine important to host defense which can signal through signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (Stat1). Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) modulates host cell signal transduction to establish infection, and EHEC serotypes O113:H21 and O157:H7 both inhibit IFN-γ-induced Stat1 tyrosine phosphorylation in vitro. The aim of this study was to delineate both bacterial and host cell factors involved in the inhibition of Stat1 tyrosine phosphorylation. Human T84 colonic epithelial cells were challenged with direct infection, viable EHEC sep

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Shen, Songhai, Mariola Mascarenhas, Kris Rahn, James B. Kaper, and Mohamed A. Karmali. "Evidence for a Hybrid Genomic Island in Verocytotoxin-Producing Escherichia coli CL3 (Serotype O113:H21) Containing Segments of EDL933 (Serotype O157:H7) O Islands 122 and 48." Infection and Immunity 72, no. 7 (July 2004): 4330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.72.7.4330.2004.

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