Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Esclerosis lateral amiotrófica'
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Sifuentes, Monge Juan Manuel. "Esclerosis lateral amiotrófica: variantes clínica-electromiográficas." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/15219.
Full textEvalúa clínica y electrofisiologicamente a 80 pacientes (48 hombres y 32 mujeres) cuyas edades fluctuaron entre 23 y 82 años. La duración media de la enfermedad se estableció en 17.5 meses, en un rango de 06 meses a 5 años 5 meses. En el 62.5% de pacientes el síntoma inicial fue debilidad de los miembros a predominio de los superiores. Los estudios de neuroconduccion evidenciaron moderada alteración de los potenciales motores (debido a degeneración axonal) y la electromiografía de aguja mostró unidades motoras del tipo neurogeno crónico asociadas a las fibrilaciones, ondas positivas y fasciculaciones en la mayoría de grupos musculares. Al aplicar los criterios e “El Escorial”, en base al cuadro clínico y hallazgos electrofisiològicos, se identificaron 19 casos de ELA definida 30 casos de ELA probable, 23 casos de ELA posible y 08 casos de sospecha de ELA. Esta categorización de la enfermedad podría permitir mejor evaluación de los pacientes, así como su seguimiento e intentar una adecuada aproximación terapéutica.
Trabajo académico
Puigdomenech, Poch Maria. "Development of therapeutic strategies for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670740.
Full textLa esclerosis lateral amiotrófica (ELA) es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa devastadora, por la cual actualmente no existen ningún tratamiento. La ELA se caracteriza por la pérdida progresiva de motoneuronas (MN) superiores e inferiores y la consiguiente atrofia muscular. Hoy en día se desconocen los mecanismos moleculares específicos que promueven la muerte de estas MN, aunque se han relacionado con múltiples procesos que incluyen tanto las MN como las células subyacentes, tales como el estrés oxidativo, la inflamación o la agregación de proteínas como la superóxido dismutasa 1. En esta tesis nosotros proponemos dos estrategias terapéuticas para el ELA: incrementar la eficiencia del silenciamiento de la proteína mutada SOD1 mediante terapia génica y estudiar el rol del ácido lisofosfatídico (LPA) como mediador de la inflamación, en la fisiopatología del ELA. En el primer capítulo, con el objetivo de reducir los niveles de RNA de la proteína mutada SOD1, administramos oligonucleótidos antisentido (ASO) conjugados a ligandos específicos, por así incrementar su internalización a las células. Los resultados presentados revelan la eficiente internalización de esta terapia en neuronas y células gliales. Además, la conjugación del ASO con el ligando DCPP reduce de manera más eficiente que los ASO no conjugados, los niveles de RNA de SOD1 en los ratones SOD1G93A. Sin embargo, la administración del ASO conjugado con el ligando DCPP en los ratones SOD1G93A no presenta efectos terapéuticos. En el segundo capítulo, como la inflamación es un factor común en varias condiciones neurológicas y sabiendo que el receptor LPA2 contribuye en la fisiopatología de la lesión medular, nos preguntamos si el LPA podría contribuir en la fisiopatología del ELA. Por esto cruzamos ratones nulos por el receptor LPA2 con ratones transgénicos SOD1G93A. Nuestros resultados demuestran que la ausencia del receptor LPA2 retarda la progresión de la enfermedad y evita la atrofia muscular en ratones SOD1G93A. Colectivamente los resultados presentados en esta tesis aportan nueva información que podrían servir para desarrollar estrategias para el tratamiento de la ELA.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devasting neurodegenerative disorder with no effective treatment currently available. ALS is characterized by the progressive loss of both upper and lower motoneuron (MN) and the consequent muscle atrophy. Nowadays the specific molecular mechanism that underline the MN death is unknown, however has been related several dysfunction mechanisms in MNs and the surrounding cells, such: oxidative stress, inflammation or aggregation of aberrant proteins like superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1). In this thesis we propose two therapeutic strategies for ALS: increase the silencing efficiency of the mutated SOD1, by means of gene therapy and study the role of the lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in the pathophysiology of ALS. In the first chapter, with the aim to reduce the RNA levels of the SOD1 mutated, we administrated antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) conjugated to specific ligands to increase the internalization of the molecule. The results present here reveal the efficient internalization of the therapy in neurons and glia cells. Furthermore, the conjugated- ASO with the ligand DCPP reduce more efficiently than the unconjugated ASO, the SOD1 RNA levels in the SOD1G93A mice, an experimental model of ALS. However, the administration of the conjugated-ASO with the ligand DCPP in the SOD1G93A mice, does not present therapeutic effects. In the second chapter, since inflammation is a hallmark of most neurological conditions and LPA2 has been reported that contribute to the pathophysiology of spinal cord injury, we wonder if LPA could be involved in the pathophysiology of ALS. To assess whether activation of LPA2 contributes to ALS, we crossed LPA2 null with SOD1G93A mice. Our results reveal that the absence of LPA2 delays onset and progression of the disease and prevent the muscle atrophy in ALS mice. Collectively the results presented here provide more novel data that could underline new therapeutic strategies for ALS.
Riera-Punet, Nina. "Alterations in the masticatory system in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and its management with an oral appliance." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667061.
Full textINTRODUCCIÓN: La esclerosis lateral amiotrófica (ELA) es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa caracterizada por la degeneración progresiva de las neuronas motoras inferiores (MNI) y superiores (MNS). OBJETIVOS: El objetivo principal de esta tesis ha sido investigar las alteraciones y limitaciones funcionales del sistema masticatorio en pacientes con ELA. La tesis se ha basado en la integración de tres artículos. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Los dos primeros estudios evaluaron 153 pacientes con ELA y 23 sujetos control. En el primer estudio se aplicó el protocolo de criterios diagnósticos para trastornos temporomandibulares (DC/TMD) y un cuestionario para evaluar aspectos de la disfunción masticatoria y la frecuencia de lesiones orales traumáticas por mordisqueo involuntario. Se determinó la fuerza de mordida y la fuerza muscular entre los dedos pulgar e índice. En el segundo estudio se utilizó la escala de limitación funcional de la mandíbula (JFLS-8). El tercer estudio incluyó a once pacientes con ELA a los que se les colocó un dispositivo intraoral y se valoró el grado de satisfacción y la mejoría en su calidad de vida con el tratamiento. RESULTADOS: En el primer estudio los pacientes con ELA presentaron una reducción en los movimientos mandibulares, en la fuerza de mordida y en la fuerza muscular entre los dedos pulgar e índice. En el segundo estudio, los pacientes con ELA bulbar informaron mayores dificultades para masticar y movilidad mandibular reducida en comparación con el grupo de ELA sin afectación bulbar. Los participantes del tercer estudio informaron una media de un 61% de mejoría con respecto al motivo de consulta y una media del 84% de satisfacción con el dispositivo intraoral. CONCLUSIONES: Los pacientes con ELA presentaron una reducción en la fuerza muscular entre los dedos pulgar e índice y en la fuerza de mordida, un rango de movimiento mandibular reducido y mayor frecuencia de lesiones orales traumáticas por mordisqueo involuntario. La afectación bulbar en estos pacientes está asociada a una limitación funcional del sistema masticatorio. La satisfacción de los pacientes con ELA con un dispositivo oral para controlar las lesiones orales traumáticas por mordisqueo involuntario o los síntomas relacionados con TMD fue alta.
Mòdol, Caballero Guillem. "Gene therapy targeting neuregulins for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667869.
Full textAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder with no effective treatment currently available. The molecular mechanisms that are involved in the motoneuron (MN) death are complex and include several MN dysfunctions, and contribution of surrounding cells such as microglia and astrocytes. Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) is a neurotrophic factor highly expressed in MNs and neuromuscular junctions that supports axonal and neuromuscular development and maintenance. Recent studies have suggested a crucial role for NRG1 and their ErbB receptors in ALS, particularly for isoform I (NRG1-I) in the collateral reinnervation process, and isoform III (NRG1-III) in the preservation of the MNs, opening a new window for developing novel ALS therapies. However, further studies are needed to clarify the role of the NRG1-ErbB pathway on MN survival and to provide the proof of concept of its therapeutical efficacy. In the present thesis we have evaluated the therapeutic effect of NRG1 overexpression in the central and the peripheral nervous system. For this purpose, we first characterized the role of exogenous NRG1 using an in vitro model of spinal cord organotypic cultures (SCOC) subject to chronic excitotoxicity caused by DL-threo-β-hydroxyaspartic acid. Our results revealed that addition of recombinant human NRG1 (rhNRG1) to the medium significantly increased MN survival through the activation of ErbB receptors, which was blocked by addition of lapatinib, an ErbB inhibitor, and reduced microglial reactivity overcoming the excitotoxicity effects. rhNRG1 activated the pro-survival PI3K/AKT pathway and restored the autophagic flux in the spinal cord culture. Furthermore, addition of rhNRG1 to the medium promoted motor and sensory neurite outgrowth. We have then directed gene therapies based on adeno-associated viruses to overexpress NRG1-I in the skeletal muscles, and NRG1-III in the spinal cord to preserve the MNs in the in vivo model of ALS, the SOD1G93A mice. Our results indicate that both gene therapies were able to preserve the neuromuscular function of the hindlimb muscles, improve the locomotor performance, increase the number of surviving MNs and reduce the astrocyte and microglial reactivity in the treated female SOD1G93A mice at the end-stage of the disease. Furthermore, in the spinal cord the NRG1-III/ErbB4 axis regulates MN excitability through the KCC2 transporter and reduces the expression of the MN vulnerability marker MMP-9. NRG1-I expressed in the skeletal muscle signals with ErbB2 and 3 receptors present in terminal Schwann cells to promote axonal reinnervation. However, when we aimed to combine both viral-mediated therapies we did not find a synergic effect. Altogether, our results indicate that NRG1 isoforms play an important role on MN survival and that a viral-mediated overexpression may be considered as a potential novel therapy to treat ALS.
Martínez, Muriana Anna. "Modulation of the inflammatory response in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/664221.
Full textAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that causes progressive paralysis and death to patients due to the degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord and the brain. At present, therapy is mainly symptomatic and fails to halt disease progression. A common feature of ALS, and other neurological disorders, is the occurrence of an inflammatory reaction consisting of activated glial cells (microglia and astrocytes) within the central nervous system, and leukocytes, mainly macrophages, in the peripheral nerves. The inflammatory response is a physiological process with very precise control and plays an essential role in the removal of cell debris and the activation of repair processes in infected or injured tissues. However, immune cells also secrete cytotoxic mediators that exert damage in healthy neighboring cells and even lead to cell death. This dual sword edge of immune cells likely depends on regulatory mediators that are present in the milieu. However, in ALS, as well as, in other neurological conditions inflammatory response is believed to trigger greater hazardous than protective actions. Based on these evidences, in the present thesis we aimed at assessing whether modulation of key aspects of inflammation could ameliorate the clinical course of ALS disease. In particular, we have focused our interest in three main targets: (i) the proinflammatory colony stimulating factor 1 receptor; (ii) the anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-37; (iii) the immunoresolvent agent, Maresin-1. We provide novel data demonstrating that these approaches confer neuroprotection against the clinical course of ALS disease.
Ramírez, Núñez Omar. "Implicación de nucleoporinas y su relación con alteraciones de proteóstasis de TDP-43 secundarias a estrés celular en la fisiopatología de la ELA." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671193.
Full textLa esclerosis lateral amiotrófica (ELA) es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa caracterizada por cambios citopatológicos en las motoneuronas inferiores del tronco cerebral y de la médula espinal, así como en las motoneuronas superiores de la corteza motora. Los pacientes que sufren esta patología experimentan signos y síntomas de atrofia muscular progresiva secundaria con debilidad, aumento de la fatiga, disfagia que se acompañan de insuficiencia respiratoria y la muerte. La ELA se clasifica en dos amplias categorías clínicamente muy similares; la ELA familiar (ELAf) que se asocia a mutaciones en un conjunto de genes, la cual comprende alrededor del 10 % de todos los casos de ELA, y la ELA esporádica (ELAe). Una de las características patognomónicas de la ELA es la formación de agregados de naturaleza proteica, generalmente citoplasmáticos, que se localizan en las motoneuronas. Uno de los componentes mayoritarios en estas estructuras proteicas es la ribonucleoproteína TDP-43, la cual se encuentra deslocalizada en el citoplasma celular, fragmentada y anormalmente fosforilada. La etiopatogenia de la enfermedad y los procesos por los cuales ocurre la desregulación de TDP-43, son desconocidos en la actualidad. No obstante, diversos mecanismos moleculares han sido asociados con la agregación de TDP-43 entre los cuales destacan el estrés oxidativo, el estrés de retículo, la disfunción del flujo autofágico y de la actividad proteosomal, así como el deterioro del transporte nucleocitosólico, entre otros. Éste, a su vez, puede depender de la integridad estructural y funcional de la envoltura nuclear, con sus componentes membranales y los poros nucleares. En esta tesis se aborda el estudio de las subunidades proteicas que conforman el poro nuclear, las nucleoporinas (NUPs) y su alteración como un mecanismo subyacente en la etiopatogenia de la ELA, contribuyendo a la deslocalización de proteínas y su potencial agregación, utilizando TDP-43 como paradigma. Para ello analizamos los niveles de varias NUPs mediante técnicas de inmunodetección en tejidos y núcleos aislados extraído post mortem de pacientes de ELA, así como en un modelo murino transgénico de ELAf en varios estadios de la enfermedad y en ambos sexos. Además, realizamos estudios en cultivo celular para elucidar los posibles mecanismos que influyen en la desregulación de TDP-43 mediado por NUPs. En este contexto se abordó la relación entre estrés celular, TDP-43 y NUPs, para establecer la posible influencia de los mecanismos de estrés sobre la distribución de NUPs específicas y su relación con las características patológicas de TDP-43. Los resultados demuestran cambios en los niveles de NUPs que participan en el reconocimiento de proteínas transportadoras, tanto en tejidos extraídos post mortem de pacientes de ELA como en ratones modelos de la enfermedad. Por otro lado, el silenciamiento de una de las NUPs, la NUP107, provocó aumento de los niveles de TDP-43 y de su fosforilación, así como un aumento de la formación de sus agregados citoplasmáticos. Además, ello se asocia a una alteración de la respuesta autofágica, evidenciado por el incremento de LC3II, p62 y los niveles de ubiquitinización proteica general. De igual manera, el estrés oxidativo y el estrés osmótico in vitro provocaron un incremento de las características patológicas de TDP-43 citadas anteriormente, aumento asociado a cambios en la expresión de NUPs. Estos hallazgos demuestran que el deterioro de las NUPs en el marco de la ELA, puede ser un mecanismo contribuyente a la alteración del tráfico intracelular, resultante en la agregación de proteínas implicadas en la neurodegeneración motoneuronal, como TDP-43.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease, characterized by cytopathologic changes in the lower motor neurons of the brainstem and spinal cord, as well as in the upper motor neurons of the motor cortex. Patients suffering this pathology, experience signs and symptoms of secondary progressive muscular atrophy with weakness, increased fatigue, dysphagia accompanied by respiratory failure and death. ALS is classified into two broad categories that are clinically very similar; the familial ALS (fALS) that is associated with mutations in a set of genes, which comprises about 10% of all cases of ALS, and sporadic ALS (sALS). One of the pathognomonic characteristics of ALS is the usually cytoplasmic protein nature aggregates formation that is located in motor neurons. One of the major components in these protein structures is the TDP-43 ribonucleoprotein, which is delocalized, fragmented and abnormally phosphorylated in the cellular cytoplasm. The etiopathogenesis of the disease and the processes by which TDP-43 deregulation occurs are currently unknown. However, several molecular mechanisms have been associated with the TDP-43 aggregation, among which oxidative stress, reticular stress, autophagic flow dysfunction and proteasomal activity, as well as nucleocytosolic transport deterioration, among others . This, in turn, may depend on the structural and functional integrity of the nuclear envelope, with its membrane components and nuclear pores. This thesis addresses the study of the protein subunits that build the nuclear pore, nucleoporins (NUPs) and their alteration as an underlying mechanism in the etiopathogenesis of ALS, contributing to protein offshoring and its potential aggregation using TDP- 43 as a paradigm. To do this, we analysed the levels of several NUPs by immunodetection techniques in isolated tissues and nuclei extracted post mortem from ALS patients, as well as in a transgenic murine model of ALS in several stages of the disease and in both sexes. In addition, we performed cell culture studies to elucidate the possible mechanisms that influence NUPs-mediated TDP-43 dysregulation. In this context, the relationship between cell stress, TDP-43 and NUPs was discussed to establish the possible influence of stress mechanisms on the distribution of specific NUPs and their relation to the TDP-43 pathological characteristics. The results demonstrate changes in the levels of NUPs involved in the recognition of transporter proteins in both post-mortem tissues from ALS patients and in model mice from the disease. On the other hand, the silencing of one of the NUPs, NUP107, caused an increase in the levels of TDP-43 and its phosphorylation, as well as an increase in the formation of its cytoplasmic aggregates. In addition, this is associated with autophagic response alterations, evidenced by the increase of LC3II, p62 and the levels of general protein ubiquitination. Similarly, oxidative stress and osmotic stress in vitro, caused an increase in the pathological characteristics of TDP-43 mentioned above, an increase associated with changes in the expression of NUPs. These findings demonstrate that the deterioration of NUPs in the ALS framework may be a contributing mechanism to the alteration of intracellular traffic resulting in the proteins aggregation involved in motoneuronal neurodegeneration, such as TDP-43.
Teixidó, Viyuela Laura. "Factors sèrics en l’Esclerosi Lateral Amiotròfica. Modulació del receptor de glutamat de tipus NMDA GluN1/GluN2A." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/79039.
Full textAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neuromuscular disease, characterized by the selective degeneration of the superior motor neurons in the motor cortex and of the inferior motor neurons in the brain-stem and spinal cord. The familial form of the illness is associated with the mutation of the superoxide dismutase enzyme (SOD-1). This and other mutations accounts for fewer than 10% of cases; the rest, more than 90%, correspond to the sporadic form. In this study we tested the effect of sera from sporadic ALS patients and from mutated human SOD-1 (mSOD1 G93A) transgenic rats on N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR). We hypothesize that an endogenous excitotoxic factor is implicated in neuronal death in ALS, mediated by the activation of NMDAR noncanonical signalling pathways. Sera from ALS patients or healthy subjects were pretreated to inactivate complement pathways and dialysed to remove glutamate. Sera from mSOD1 G93A rats were obtained at different stages of the neurodegenerative progression. Sera from transgenic rats were also pretreated to eliminate complement system and glutamate. Immunoglobulins G (IgGs) from ALS patients and healthy subjects were obtained by affinity chromatography and dialyzed against phosphate-buffered saline. Human NMDAR were expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, and glutamate-induced currents were recorded using the two electrode voltage clamp technique. We observed that sera from sporadic ALS patients induced transient oscillatory currents in Xenopus oocytes expressing NMDAR with a total electric charge significantly higher than the electric charge carried by currents induced by sera from healthy subjects. The currents were inhibited by MK-801, a noncompetitive blocker of NMDAR. Results of sera from mSOD1 G93A transgenic rats were similar to those of sera from ALS patients; samples from patients with another type of neuromuscular disease did not exert this effect. IgG from ALS patients have a significant effect on NMDAR-injected oocytes and that response was doubled respect to the observed in the case of IgG from healthy subjects. Our data agree with the view that ALS patients sera contain some soluble factors that activates NMDAR, not opening directly the ionic conductance, but activating a non-canonical pathway.
Blanquer, Blanquer Miguel. "Estudio en fase I de utilización de las células madre de médula ósea autólogas en pacientes con esclerosis lateral amiotrófica." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/107960.
Full textNuestro objetivo fue comprobar la seguridad de la infusión intraespinal de células mononucleadas de médula ósea autóloga (BMNCs) y buscar signos de neurotrofismo celular en pacientes con esclerosis lateral amiotrófica (ELA). Realizamos un ensayo fase I, infundiendo BMNCs en el cordón posterior medular. La seguridad se definió como la ausencia de eventos adversos severos relacionados con el tratamiento. Incluimos once pacientes. No hubo eventos adversos severos relacionados con el tratamiento. Tampoco hubo aceleración del deterioro de la capacidad vital forzada ni de las escalas ALS-FRS, Norris o MRC. Cuatro pacientes fallecieron por razones no relacionadas con el tratamiento. Se observó un mayor número de motoneuronas/sección en los segmentos tratados que en los no tratados (4.2±0.8 y 0.9±0.3 respectivamente). Estas motoneuronas estaban rodeadas por células CD90+ y no presentaban depósitos degenerativos. Este estudio confirma la seguridad de la infusión intraespinal de BMNCs en ELA y proporciona evidencias de su actividad neurotrófica.
Andrés, Benito Pol. "Novel molecular alterations in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration spectrum." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668320.
Full textLa esclerosis lateral amiotrófica (ELA) y la degeneración del lóbulo frontotemporal (DLFT) son enfermedades neurodegenerativas clínicamente distintas que están conectadas por una superposición genética y patológica. Los pacientes con ELA presentan debilidad muscular y espasticidad asociada con la degeneración de las neuronas motoras en la corteza motora, el tronco cerebral y la médula espinal que finalmente conduce a la muerte. En contraste, los pacientes con DLFT muestran disfunción cognitiva asociada con la degeneración de las neuronas en los lóbulos frontal y temporal del cerebro. A pesar de ser clínicamente distintos, el 15% de las personas que presentan DLFT también tienen ELA, mientras que el 30% de las personas con ELA desarrollarán DLFT. Esto implica que estas dos enfermedades neurodegenerativas son parte de un espectro clínico compartido. En los últimos años, se han propuesto varios mecanismos como factores contribuyentes en la patogénesis del daño neuronal en la ELA y el DLFT, que incluyen la excitoxicidad, el fallo del metabolismo mitocondrial y energético, el daño por estrés oxidativo, las células gliales alteradas, la inflamación, las anomalías del citoesqueleto y las alteraciones en el metabolismo del ARN y alteración del metabolismo del TDP-43, entre otros. Sin embargo, es poco conocido sobre la etiología de estos trastornos y su posible tratamiento. El objetivo de las investigaciones presentadas en esta tesis doctoral se centra en la identificación de nuevas alteraciones moleculares subyacentes a los cambios motores y cognitivos en tejido post-mortem de médula espinal humana y en muestras de cerebro de pacientes con ELA y en las muestras de cerebro de pacientes con FTLD-TDP en comparación con muestras controles, combinando estudios de microarray, expresión de mRNA, proteínas y ensayos enzimáticos. Los resultados obtenidos han identificado nuevas alteraciones moleculares dentro del espectro ELA- DLFT en diferentes funciones biológicas y vías celulares que incluyen cambios en el metabolismo de energético y mitocondrial, la neuroinflamación, la estructura neuronal, la neurotransmisión, los mecanismos de transporte axonal y la función de oligodendrocitos; permitiendo a su vez, la selección e identificación de nuevas moléculas candidatas a biomarcadores para estos trastornos.
Cacabelos, Barral Daniel. "Polyunsaturated fatty acids in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: role of DHA, peroxidative modifications and sexual dimorphism." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/285530.
Full textEn el trabajo que aquí se presenta se ha profundizado en la relevancia que los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados (PUFA) puedan tener en el tratamiento de la esclerosis lateral amiotrófica (ALS). Dada su implicación en el desarrollo de la patología, el estudio del estrés oxidativo asociado fue uno de nuestros primeros objetivos. Para ello hemos empezado por un cribado metodológico simplista, tratando de encontrar una sustancia antioxidante (entre 21), biodisponible en una dieta Mediterránea equilibrada y que fuese capaz de reducir un daño oxidativo generado desde diversos frentes (medido como acumulación de carbonilos) y sobre diferentes substratos. Los resultados demostraron una alta heterogeneidad, dificultando así la elección de un único antioxidante. Aún así, gracias a la GCMS y la LCQTOF pudimos detallar la acumulación específica diferenciada de marcadores de daño oxidativo proteico y daño lipoxidativo producido cuando partículas de lipoproteínas de baja densidad (LDL) son oxidadas bajo la acción de diversos compuestos. Además se pudo objetivar el cambio en la composición lipídica de estas LDL (medida como % del total presente) y su relevancia biológica in vitro, medida en términos de supervivencia, cuando se exponen a dos líneas celulares (HMEC-1, HepG2). Por último se demostró la importancia in vivo, puesto que se pudo observar una menor acumulación de productos carbonílicos en hámsters alimentados con una dieta aterogénica, pero suplementada con antioxidantes. Una vez se demostró el papel jugado por estos antioxidantes en la acumulación diferenciada de productos de oxidación, extendimos el estudio a muestras y modelos de ALS. En trabajos previos habíamos evidenciado una composición tisular diferenciada en diversas localizaciones del sistema nervioso en pacientes diagnosticados de ALS. Por ello consideramos interesante el estudio de la expresión de la maquinaria enzimática necesaria para la síntesis lipídica. De un modo destacado, pudimos ver de nuevo una variación tisular, compatible con niveles reducidos de docosohexaenoico (DHA), y gracias a la inmunohistoquímica también se observaron diferencias entre las motoneuronas (MNs) y la glia circundante. Así pues, para poder revelar las aportaciones diferenciales de los distintos tipos celulares, utilizamos una línea celular (N2A) a la que sometíamos a diferentes estresores (daño oxidativo y sobreexpresión de una versión de TPD-43 que causa agregados) y a un cultivo tisular de médula espinal (OT), dónde se produce una muerta progresiva y selectiva de las MNs. Tras estos experimentos, observamos un descenso tanto en la expresión de la Δ6 desaturasa como de drebrin (marcador presináptico) tras la sobreexpresión de TDP-43, así como una mayor síntesis de DHA y una correlación inversa entre la pérdida de drebrina y la expresión de pTDP- 43 bajo condiciones de estrés oxidativo. Por otro lado, en el modelo OT, el análisis lipidómico reveló la acumulación especifica de 8-iso-PGF2α y NDPD1 (posiblemente en respuesta a un incremento del daño oxidativo) así como el aumento en la concentración de DHA (con un descenso muy marcado de sus precursores) y el descenso de araquidónico. Quisimos analizar también el consumo de oxígeno, tanto en tejido intacto como permeabilizado, pudiendo observar como la excitoxicidad reducía considerablemente su capacidad y como ésta era, en parte, rescatada con el uso de tocoferol. Además, el tratamiento del OT con precursores Ω-3 mejoró también el número de MNs. Por último, quisimos caracterizar la implicación que los PUFA dietarios podrían tener en un modelo animal bien conocido (SODG93A). No fue sorprendente encontrar que el perfil lipídico en el sistema nervioso fue muy difícil de alterar. Aún así, se observaron diferencias en supervivencia, en el devenir clínico, la respuesta UPR (con acumulaciones de Ub), el daño al DNA mitocondrial (8-oxo-dG) y modificaciones oxidativas en las proteínas y cómo éstas tenían un grado de afectación diferencial cuando considerábamos el sexo de los animales. Esto es, mientras que los machos sometidos a una dieta baja en PUFAs de cadena larga demostraron una mayor supervivencia, en las hembras no se apreció mejoría. Por último, pero no menos importante, quisimos profundizar más respecto a este dimorfismo. Centrándonos en la mitocondria, pudimos hacer un seguimiento del consumo de oxígeno a lo largo de la enfermedad, el daño oxidativo a proteínas y el perfil lipídico. Por lo tanto pudimos demostrar una clara implicación sexual, siendo las hembras las que más tarde comienzan su manifestación clínica, con mejores funciones mitocondriales asociadas a un menor daño oxidativo. Finalmente, la relevancia del papel protector de los estrógenos se pudo comprobar in vitro, mediante el pretratamiento con 17β-estradiol en la línea N2A que sobreexpresa SOD1G93A, relacionado con la ALS familiar, proponiéndose el estradiol como un nuevo elemento que juega un papel relevante en el desarrollo de la enfermedad.
En aquest treball s’ha intentat profunditzar en la possible rellevància dels àcids grassos poliinsaturats (PUFA) en el tractament de l’esclerosi lateral amiotròfica (ELA). Atesa la seva implicació en el desenvolupament de la patologia, l’estudi de l’estrès oxidatiu associat fou un dels primers objectius. Per això, es va començar amb un cribratge metodològic simplista, intentant trobar una substància antioxidant biodisponible en una dieta mediterrània equilibrada i que fos capaç de reduir el dany oxidatiu generat des de diferents fronts i sobre diferents substrats. Els resultats van demostrar una alta heterogeneïtat, dificultant així l’elecció d’un únic antioxidant. Malgrat això, mercès a tècniques de GC-MS i LC-QTOF, es va poder detallar l’acumulació específica diferenciada de marcadors de dany oxidatiu proteic i dany lipoxidatiu produït quan partícules de lipoproteïna de baixa densitat (LDL) s’oxiden per l’acció de diversos compostos. A més, es va poder objectivar el canvi en la composició lipídica d’aquestes LDL i la seva rellevància in vitro, mesurada en termes de supervivència, quan es cocultiven amb les línies cel·lulars. Per últim, es va demostrar la importància in vivo, atès que es va observar una menor acumulació de productes carbonílics en hàmsters alimentats amb una dieta aterogènica suplementada amb antioxidants. Un cop es va demostrar el paper d’aquests antioxidants en l’acumulació diferenciada de productes d’oxidació, es va estendre l’estudi a mostres i models d’ELA. En treballs previs s’havia evidenciat una composició tissular diferenciada en diverses localitzacions del sistema nerviós central en pacients d’ELA (respecte l’àcid docosahexaenoic (DHA), depleció en medul·la espinal i acumulació en còrtex). Per aquesta raó es va considerar interessant l’estudi de l’expressió de la maquinària enzimàtica necessària per la síntesi lipídica. D’una manera destacada, es va poder veure de nou una variació tissular, compatible amb nivells reduïts de DHA i, per tècniques d’immunohistoquímica, es van observar diferències entre les motoneurones i la glia circumdant. Per tant, per poder revelar les aportacions diferencials dels diferents tipus cel·lulars, es va utilitzar la línia cel·lular N2A, sotmesa a diferents estressos (dany oxidatiu i sobreexpressió d’una forma de TDP-43 que causa agregats) i un cultiu tissular de medul·la espinal, en el que es produeix una mort progressiva i selectiva de les motoneurones. Es va observar un descens en l’expressió de FADS2 i de drebrina, un marcador sinàptic, així com una major síntesi de DHA i una correlació inversa entre la pèrdua de drebrina i l’expressió de TDP-43 sota condicions d’estrès oxidatiu. Per altra banda, en el model organotípic, l’anàlisi lipidòmica va revelar l’acumulació específica de 8-isoPGF2α i NDPD1, així com l’augment de la concentració de DHA i el descens motl marcat del seus precursors a mes del àcid araquidònic. Es va mesurar també el metabolisme oxidatiu, observant-se que l’excitotoxicitat reduïa considerablement la seva capacitat i, en part, es rescatava amb l’ús de tocoferol. A més, el tractament dels cultius organotípics amb precursors d’àcids grassos n-3 va millorar el nombre de motoneurones. Per últim, es va caracteritzar la implicació dels PUFA dietaris en un model animal d’ELA. Malgrat que el perfil lipídic del sistema nerviós central era difícil d’alterar, es van observar diferències en supervivència, fenotip clínic, resposta al malplegament de proteïnes (UPR) amb acumulació d’ubiquitina, dany en el DNA mitocondrial i modificacions oxidatives en les proteïnes, amb un grau d’afectació diferencial quan es considerava el sexe dels animals. En aquest sentit, mentre que els mascles sotmesos a una dieta baixa en PUFA de cadena llarga van mostra una major supervivència, en les femelles nomes va apreciar cap efecte millora. Per profunditzar en el dimorfisme sexual en ELA, i especialment la disfunció mitocondrial, es va analitzar mitjançant respirometria d’alta resolució la medul·la espinal durant tot el desenvolupament de la malaltia. Es va revelar una clara diferència de gènere, amb una manifestació clínica més tardana en femelles que correlaciona amb una millor conservació de la funció mitocondrial i un menor dany oxidatiu. El possible paper protector dels estrògens es va demostrar in vitro mitjançant el pretractament amb estradiol de cèl·lules N2A que sobreexpressen una forma de SOD1 humana mutada associada a l’ELA familiar (G93A-SOD1).
Godinho, Vanda Cristina Ng. "Esclerose lateral amiotrófica: revisão bibliográfica da patofisiologia." Master's thesis, Universidade da Beira Interior, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/1402.
Full textThe Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal and progressive motor neuron disease, whose pathogenesis is still unknown. The pathological process stems from a degeneration of the peripheral motor neurons of the brainstem and spinal cord, which leads to denervation and consequent atrophy of the correspondent muscular fibers. In the regions where occurs muscular fibers’ thinning, occurs deposition of lipid pigments and other substances, as so astroglial and microglial proliferation. In the beginning of the pathological process, some muscular groups are affected, leading to an unspecific asymmetrical muscular weakness. As the disease progresses, larger is the number of affected muscles groups, eventually compromising the respiratory muscles and leading to death. The phenomenon inducing neuronal destruction has not been enlightened, that makes this fast progression pathology a huge problem in the Neurology field. Due to the absence of a specific etiology, exogenous risk factors are being increasingly explored as causative agent of the disease. The ongoing discovery of genes mutations in ALS patients increases genetic factors’ importance in the pathogenesis of the disease, mainly because it seems to be directly linked to several processes responsible for motor neuron destruction. The mechanisms leading to degeneration are several, among them there’s the oxidative stress process, glutamate excitotoxicity, protein aggregation dysfunction, astrocyte dysfunction, neurovascular alterations, inflammatory processes as so neurofilament and microtubule dysfunction. None of this processes act isolated or independently and many studies suggests the existence of a complex mechanism in constant interplay, culminating in neuronal damage and death. The scarce knowledge of ALS’ physiopathology difficult the elaboration of efficient therapeutic strategies intended to slow disease progress. At the moment, only Riluzole shows some significant results, although with just a modest lengthening of the patient’s survival in months. In the course of the studies many aspects of ALS had been discovered, clearing the way to new hypothesis and possibilities for deeper studies.
Beccari, Melinda Santos. "A VAPB e a Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41131/tde-18012016-155440/.
Full textAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by the death of motor neurons. Diagnosis can take up to 12 months, with no molecular marker to expedite this process. In this scenario, patients die within 3 to 5 years of symptom onset, although a large clinical variability is seen, with severe patients dying less than one year after onset, and others surviving for decades. The identification of ALS8, caused by a missense mutation in the VAPB gene (c.C166T; p.P56S), has contributed significantly to the knowledge of molecular mechanisms behind ALS. Recent literature has evidenced that the decrease of VAPB levels is present in cellular and murine models, and also in patient samples, suggesting a central role in motor neuron death in ALS. The present work sought three main objectives: (1) a molecular diagnosis through a NGS sequencing panel including the SOD1, FUS, TARDBP, SETX, SPG11, FIG4 and VAPB genes; (2) analyze the expression levels of VAPA, VAPB and EPHA4 in patients, family controls and other forms of ALS, in order to investigate their possible roles in ALS8; and (3) the development of a targeted quantitative mass spectrometry based assay, gold standard in protein quantification due to its precision and sensitivity, for the VAPA, VAPB and VAPC proteins, seeking the analysis of VAPB as a potential biomarker in ALS and of its isoform\'s potential roles as modifiers in the disease. The genomic analyses revealed that out of 67 patients, 31 presented the ALS8 mutation in VAPB, 4 patients (6%) presented a mutation in SOD1, with one patient carrying a second mutation in FIG4; 1 (1.5%) patient was identified with a pathogenic mutation in FUS; and another presented two pathogenic mutations in trans in the SPG11 gene. Thus, we were able to diagnose over half of the patients included in this study with a panel of only 7 genes. VAPB, VAPA and EPHA4 mRNA levels are not statistically different between patients and controls; however, EPHA4 was shown to be highly elevated in two bulbar-onset non-ALS8 patients. For the development of the LC-MS/MS targeted assay, 8 surrogate peptides were chosen for analysis, run parameters were established, and two internal standards for quantification were developed (SILAC cell lines and recombinant VAPB). This tool will prove to be useful not only towards elucidating the molecular mechanisms behind ALS8, one of the most prevalent forms of familial ALS in Brazil, but also to determine VAPB\'s potential as a biomarker for ALS
Azeiteiro, Elsa Cristina Fortunato de Miranda. "Cuidar d'ELA (a pessoa com esclerose lateral amiotrófica)." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/15861.
Full textA Esclerose Lateral Amiotrofica (ELA) é uma doença neurodegenerativa, adquirida, de causas desconhecidas, que afecta os neurónios motores (1º e 2º neurónio). Está associada a uma perda da função motora, tendo um início insidioso, evolução rápida, sem que ocorra um envolvimento das funções cognitivas, períodos de remissão ou melhoria. Apesar dos avanços tecnológicos ainda não foi possível descobrir uma cura ou tratamento. Assim preconiza-se que os cuidados se foquem no alívio da sintomatologia, na optimização da funcionalidade e na manutenção da Qualidade de Vida- QDV. Esta investigação pretende colmatar a falta de trabalhos realizados no panorama Português e pretende focar-se na identificação dos factores determinantes da QDV das pessoas com ELA, de forma a contribuir para a melhoria dos cuidados prestados. Optouse pela realização de um estudo descritivo, exploratório de carácter quantitativo. Para a recolha de dados seleccionou-se como instrumento de medida a escala Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Assessment Questionnaire- 40 (ALSAQ-40), por trata-se de um questionário específico, validado para a Língua Portuguesa. Participaram no estudo 20 doentes, membros da Associação Portuguesa de Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica (APELA), 7 mulheres e 13 homens, com idades entre os 33 e os 73 anos. Dos resultados obtidos poderá concluir-se que todas as dimensões avaliadas se encontravam alteradas, existindo diferenças no grupo dos homens e das mulheres. As mulheres apresentaram uma maior alteração no desempenho das suas actividades de vida o que parece explicar os valores mais altos de alterações emocionais comparativamente aos homens, devido à diferença de papéis e às diferentes expectativas na dinâmica familiar. Por seu lado os homens referiram maiores alterações nos domínios socialmente mais associados a este sexo como a Mobilidade e a Comunicação. Por fim, numa apreciação global feita da QDV foi obtida uma baixa pontuação, que é ilustrativa dos níveis elevados de esperança e do gosto que estes doentes têm pela vida, apesar da progressão da doença e do grande impacto causado pela mesma, contrariando assim o modelo biomédico prevalente.
Fernandes, Pedro Miguel Francisco. "Aspectos moleculares da neurodegeneração na esclerose lateral amiotrófica." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/6194.
Full textMoura, Mirian Conceição. "Aspectos epidemiológicos, prognósticos e tratamento da esclerose lateral amiotrófica." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2016. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/19930.
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A esclerose lateral amiotrófica é uma síndrome neurodegenerativa, que afeta o primeiro e segundo neurônios motores, causando fraqueza e atrofia muscular progressivas. Os objetivos do estudo foram descrever os aspectos epidemiológicos da doença no Brasil, avaliar os tratamentos existentes e encontrar fatores envolvidos no prognóstico da doença. Sua incidência no Brasil, determinada por dados de mortalidade, é de 0.89/100.00 pessoas-ano na população geral e de 2.3/100.000 pessoas-ano, na população acima de 45 anos. 73,4 % são da raça branca e a média de idade foi de 62,7±13,2 anos. Revisão sistemática com metanálise evidenciou ausência de efetividade de tratamento medicamentoso ou terapia celular em seres humanos com relação à sobrevivência, enquanto que a maior parte dos estudo pré-clínicos demonstraram eficácia. Ensaio clínico realizado com carbonato de lítio associado ao riluzol em 60 pacientes não demonstrou benefício em relação ao grupo controle (log-rank: 0.38), sendo interrompido pela baixa adesão e grande número de efeitos colaterais. No entanto, observou-se que o cuidado multidisciplinar trouxe redução de 75% da frequência e até 90% dos gastos com internações hospitalares. Estudo retrospectivo em 218 pacientes utilizando Regressão de Cox revelou que os fatores relacionados à pior evolução são idade acima de 75 anos, mau estado nutricional (IMC abaixo de 25 Kg/m2) e forma de início bulbar. Estudo prospectivo em 101 pacientes com a mesma metodologia associada a análise se acurácia através da curva ROC permitiu a criação de modelo preditivo composto por cinco fatores relacionados à menor sobrevivência em 12 meses, com 74% de acurácia: idade acima de 65 anos (RR=2.50 IC 95% 1.23-5.08); envolvimento de segundo segmento corporal em menos de seis meses (RR=2,02 IC 95% 1.04 -3.94); Capacidade Vital Forçada menor que 63% ( RR=2.78 IC 95% 1.03-7.48), fraqueza cervical ( RR= 2.28 IC 95% 1.03-5.05) e presença de síndrome piramidal (RR= 2.36 IC 95% 1.05- 5.33). ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a neurodegenerative spectrum that affects upper and lower motor neurons and causes progressive muscle weakness and atrophy. The aims of the study were to describe the epidemiology of the disease in Brazil, to evaluate the possible treatments and to find biomarkers involved in disease prognosis. Its incidence in Brazil using mortality data is 0.89/100,00 person-years in the general population and 2.3/100,000 person-years in the population aged over 45. Seventy-three percent are Caucasians and the mean age of death is 62.7 ± 13.2 years. There is not enough evidence of effectiveness of drug or stem cell therapy on improving survival, whereas many preclinical studies show great efficacy. Clinical trial with lithium carbonate associated to riluzole demonstrated no benefit (log rank: 0.38) and was interrupted by low compliance and the occurrence of many side effects. However, it is observed that the multidisciplinary care brought a 75% reduction in the frequency and up to 90% of costs on hospital admissions. A retrospective analysis of 218 patients using Cox regression showed that the factors related to worse outcomes are age over 75 years, poor nutritional status (BMI below 25 kg/m2) and bulbar onset. A prospective analysis of 101 patients with Cox regression associated with accuracy analysis by ROC curve created a predictive model with five factors related to lower survival at 12 months, with 74% of accuracy: age over 65 years (RR = 2.50 CI 95% 1.23-5.08); involvement of a second site in less than six months (RR = 2.02 CI 95% 1.04-3.94); Forced Vital Capacity less than 63% (RR = 2.78 CI 95% 1.03-7.48), neck weakness (RR = 2.28 CI 95% 1.03-5.05) and the presence of pyramidal syndrome (RR = 2.36 CI 95% 1.05-5.33).
Madureira, Cristina Duarte Pinto Valente Gomes. "Diagnóstico diferencial de esclerose lateral amiotrófica : a propósito de um caso clínico." Master's thesis, Universidade da Beira Interior, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/1098.
Full textTognola, Clarissa Ramirez. "Fadiga na esclerose lateral amiotrófica: freqüência e fatores associados." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-08102014-150010/.
Full textAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive and fatal neurological disease, characterized by loss of the motor neurons, taking to the global muscular weakness. The sensitive and mental functions are preserved during whole the course of the disease. The ALS has a prevalence of 6 for 100.000 people and the beginning of the disease is usually among the 40 to 60 years of age. The prognostic is reserved and on average the patients live from 3 to 5 years after the medical diagnosis. With the progression of the disease other symptoms they appear as weakness of the members, compromising of the speech, increase of the salivation, deglutition difficulties, difficulties to stroll and it fatigues muscular. The alterations of the breathing muscles take to the breathing bankruptcy, that is the largest death cause in the patients with ALS. Fatigue is defined as the fall of the maxim voluntary isometric contraction and lack of tolerance of the muscle under effort. The maxim voluntary isometric contraction depends on a chain of events that begins in the motor cortex - driver excitatory of the neurons motor superior and inferior, and it is continued in the transmission by the junction neuromuscular, in the joining excitement-contraction and in the contraction of the muscular fiber that depends on a metabolic energy supply. The muscular fatigue happens in patients with ALS harming the function and the quality of the patients\' life. The objective of this work was: 1) to quantify the frequency of the fatigue in the ALS; 2) to analyze the evolution of the fatigue in the patients; 3) to correlate the presence of the fatigue with factors as the functionality, the life quality, the depression, the dispnéa, and the sleepiness, age and duration of the disease in months. The group control was composed of 60 individuals (family of employees of the hospital and of the team multidisciplinar) that didn\'t present history of past diseases. The group test is constituted of 60 patients with diagnosis of ALS. The diagnosis was accomplished by two independent neurologists and he/she based on the presence of clinical history, neurological exam and studies compatible neurophisiologycs with ALS, according to the criteria of El Escorial of the World Federation of Neurology; besides, there was the complement investigation through tests and exams to exclude other pathologies. The patients of the groups control and test were interviewed by the researcher for application of questionnaires with scales for verification of the functionality presence, of life quality, of depression, of dispnéa, of sleepiness and of fatigue; and the patients of the group test they were submitted to the evaluation physiotherapy in the beginning of the study and every 3 months, totaling 12 months of collections. The group test presented fatigue larger significantly in relation to the group it controls, as well as alterations in the functionality questionnaires, of life quality, of depression, of dispnéa and of sleepiness. It was noticed that the fatigue was evolutionary during the months of accompaniment of the research. The fatigue was correlated with the age, showing that the youngest patients presented larger degree of fatigue than the most senior patients. The results of this research suggest that the fatigue is one of the problems that affect the patients with ALS; the fact of not having correlation with other studied problems suggests that the fatigue should deserve research and treatment individualized in the patient with ALS, mainly for the fact that the results suggested worsening of the fatigue in elapsing of the evolution of the ALS
Nobre, Joana Filipa de Gandarinho e. "Ventilação não-invasiva em pacientes com Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/3437.
Full textFranceschini, Andressa da Costa 1983. "Qualidade de vida relacionada à deglutição na esclerose lateral amiotrófica." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/310469.
Full textDissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica (ELA) é definida como uma doença neurodegenerativa, caracterizada por paralisia muscular progressiva dos membros, orofaringe e musculatura respiratória, com consequente disfagia, disartria e insuficiência respiratória devido a degeneração dos neurônios motores no córtex motor primário, no tronco cerebral e na medula espinhal. As mudanças nos aspectos físicos e funcionais da fonoarticulação e da deglutição na ELA podem trazer consequências em termos sociais e psicossociais, acarretando em impacto a qualidade de vida. Apesar da existência de diversos estudos que caracterizam a qualidade de vida de pacientes com ELA, pouca informação está disponível acerca do impacto especificamente da disfagia na qualidade de vida desses indivíduos. O objetivo geral deste estudo foi analisar a qualidade de vida relacionada às alterações de deglutição em pacientes com ELA de inicio espinhal. Os objetivos específicos foram: verificar se o tempo da doença e do diagnóstico interferem na percepção da qualidade de vida; comparar a qualidade de vida relacionada a deglutição com as queixas de deglutição, com a gravidade da disfagia e com a funcionalidade da deglutição; comparar a gravidade da disartria com a gravidade da disfagia e a funcionalidade da deglutição e verificar o impacto da gravidade da disartria na qualidade de vida. Dezessete pacientes com diagnóstico clínico de ELA com início espinhal os sintomas foram avaliados no Ambulatório de Disfagia/ORL do Hospital das Clinicas a UNICAMP através da aplicação do Questionário de Qualidade de Vida em Deglutição SWAL-QOL; da anamnese, que incluiu a coleta das queixas relacionadas a deglutição; da avaliação fonoaudiológica de rotina, que incluiu a avaliação dos aspectos fonoarticulatórios e da avaliação videoendoscópica da deglutição. A disfagia foi graduada par três escalas: Escala de Gravidade da Disfagia (ALSSS), a Escala da Gravidade da Disfagia, e a Escala de Funcionalidade da Ingestão por Via Oral (FOIS). A disartria foi graduada pela Escala de Gravidade da Disartria (ALSSS). Mais de 70% da amostra apresentou disfagia e disartria e houve predomínio de queixas na fase faríngea da deglutição. Foi observado que as alterações e deglutição apresentaram impacto leve a moderado na qualidade de vida, sendo os domínios mais afetados a Duração da alimentação e a Função social. O tempo da doença e do diagnóstico da ELA não interferiu com significância na percepção da qualidade de vida relacionada à deglutição, exceto para o domínio Sono. A piora da qualidade de vida relacionada à deglutição para os pacientes com ELA esteve diretamente relacionada com o aumento do número de queixas de deglutição, com a gravidade da disfagia e com a funcionalidade da deglutição. A gravidade da disartria apresentou impacto na qualidade de vida relacionada à deglutição, e esta correlacionou-se com a disfagia em pacientes com ELA de inicio espinhal
Abstract: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) can be defined as a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive muscular paralysis of members, oropharyngeal and respiratory muscles, with consequent dysphagia, dysarthria and respiratory insufficiency, due to degeneration of motor neurons in the primary motor cortex, brainstem and spinal cord. Changes in physical and functional aspects of speech articulation and swallowing in ALS may have social and psychosocial consequences, decreasing the quality of life. Despite many studies that characterize the quality of life in ALS patients, little information is available about the specific impact of dysphagia on quality of life to these individuals. The aim of this study was to analyse the quality of life related to swallowing problems in patients with spinal onset of ALS; verify if the disease duration and the time of diagnosis change the quality of life perception; to compare the swallow-specific quality of life questionnaire (SWAL-QOL) with dysphagia complaints, dysphagia severity and functional oral intake; to compare the severities of dysarthria and dysphagia and the functional oral intake and verify the impact of severity of dysarthria o quality of life. Seventeen patients diagnosed with ALS with spinal onset were evaluated at the Dysphagia Outpatient Clinic at UNICAMP hospital. All the subjects filled out self-report assessment of the Swallowing Quality of Life (SWAL-QOL), underwent to anamnesis that included swallowing-related complaints; to routine speech. evaluation, including a perceptual analysis of the speech, and to Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES). The dysphagia severity was graded using the Swallowing Subscale of ALS Severity Scale, the Dysphagia Severity Scale and the Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS). The dysarthria severity was graded using the Speech Subscale of ALS Severity Scale. Over 70% of the sample had dysphagia and dysarthria, and predominated complaints in the pharyngeal phase of swallowing. Swallowing problems presented mild to moderate impact on quality of protocol, and the domains of eating duration and social function had the worse scores. Disease duration and time of diagnosis did not impact on SWAL-QOL scores, except for the Sleep domain. The worsening swallowing quality of life for patients with ALS was directly related to the increased number of swallowing complaints, with severity of dysphagia and functinality of swallowing. The severity of dysarthria presented impact on quality of life related to swallowing, and this occurred concomitantly with dysphagia in spinal onset of ALS patients
Mestrado
Interdisciplinaridade e Reabilitação
Mestre em Saúde, Interdisciplinaridade e Reabilitação
Oliveira, Junior Wilson Gomes de. "Automação residencial online para portadores de esclerose lateral amiotrófica - uma proposta." Universidade de Fortaleza, 2018. http://dspace.unifor.br/handle/tede/106250.
Full textSmart devices are already present in all areas of knowledge sometimes making the main role, sometimes the supporting role. Regardless of their performance, they talk to other devices, monitor and control everything in the physical world. In this way, the Internet of Things (IoT) has been gaining ramifications. And the one that is in increasing ascension is the area of health that has been popularizing like IoHT. With this, several auxiliary treatments using computer technology have been built all over the world. This work proposes a mobile application called ALSHelp that integrates with a brain wave sensor and tied to an IoT infrastructure allows patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) to perform simple tasks, which is not possible at a certain stage of the disease by reducing the force of muscles, in order to increase their self-esteem, as well as, give autonomy in some aspects of their life, functioning as a complementary tool to traditional medical treatment. Keywords: Amiotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, brain machine interface, Internet of things, Internet of Health Things.
Os dispositivos inteligentes já estão presentes em todas as áreas do conhecimento fazendo por vezes o papel principal, por vezes o papel de coadjuvante. Independente da sua atuação, eles conversam com outros dispositivos, monitoram e controlam tudo aquilo que está no mundo físico. Dessa forma, a internet das coisas (IoT) vêm ganhando ramificações. E a que está em crescente ascensão é a área da saúde que vem se popularizando como IoHT. Com isso diversos tratamentos auxiliares com uso da informática vem sendo construído em todo o mundo. Este trabalho propõe um aplicativo mobile denominado ALSHelp que integrado com um sensor de ondas cerebrais e atrelado a uma infraestrutura IoT permite que pacientes com esclerose lateral amiotrófica (ELA) possam realizar tarefas simples, que não é possível em determinado estágio da doença por reduzir a força dos músculos, de forma a aumentar sua autoestima, bem como, dar autonomia em alguns aspectos da sua vida, funcionando assim como uma ferramenta complementar ao tratamento médico tradicional. Palavras-chave: Esclerose lateral amiotrófica, interface cérebro-máquina, Internet das coisas, Internet das coisas da saúde.
Mendes, Amanda Elias. "Indicação da gastrostomia em pacientes com esclerose lateral amiotrófica: critérios fonoaudiológicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5170/tde-12082015-153452/.
Full textIntroduction: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease of unknown etiology that involves motor neurons from the cerebral cortex, from the brainstem and from the spinal cord. The damage on the lower motor neurons causes dysphagia, speech disorders and other symptoms such as overall muscle weakness and respiratory symptoms. The difficulty in swallowing, or dysphasia, may cause complications such as aspiration pneumonia, malnutrition and dehydration and affects the quality of live of these patients. Thus, it is necessary to indicate and alternative form of nutrition. This indication is currently given subjectively by the clinical and functional evaluation performed by the multidisciplinary team, according to deterioration of respiratory function parameters, nutritional status and swallowing impairments. Objectives: general objective: verify if reduced tongue pressure could indicate the need for gastrostomy (PEG) as an alternative form of nutrition for patients who have been diagnosed with ALS. Specific objectives: verify if there is significant reduction on tongue, lips, and cheeks pressure as well as functional measures between the moment of the first evaluation and the indication of PEG; evaluate the time between the first symptom of the disease and the indication of PEG; verify if the time of the indication of PEG was influenced by demographic variables, initial clinical manifestation (spinal or bulbar forms), clinical conditions, global and swallowing functional measures, highlighting tongue, lips and cheeks pressure. Methods: 63 patients have been longitudinally studied. They have been assessed from the speech-language therapy point of view with the following instruments: ASHA, ALSFRS, functional evaluation, pressure measurement of the phono-articulatory organs with the IOPI, referral to videoendoscopy of swallowing and FVC at the moment of the indication of PEG. Results: The patients, whose ages ranged from 28 to 79 years old (average of 58 years old), had, on average, 7.04 years of education. They had been suffering from the disease for an average of 34.96 months at the time of the first evaluation. 32% showed initial clinical manifestation of the bulbar form, 39.5% upper limbs spinal form and 28.5% lower limbs spinal form. At the initial speech-language therapy assessment, however, all of them showed some sort of complaint regarding bulbar impairment. 50 patients were sent to PEG, 1 died and 12 continued with an oral exclusive diet until the end of this study. Tongue, lips and cheeks as well as functional measures showed significant decrease with the aggravation of ALS (p < 0,001). Difficulties with thickened liquid: with containment (p=0,001), with transport (p=0,005) and with protection of lower airways (p =0,003) and with pasty consistencies: containment in the oral cavity, (p < 0,001) observed in speech-language therapy clinical assessments, as well as age (p =0,014) have influence on the indication of PEG. Conclusion: The measure of the tongue pressure can, therefore, serve as an additional, objective and practical indicator for the evaluation of the prognosis of swallowing functionality, particularly of the possibility or not of maintenance of traditional forms in patients who have been diagnosed with ALS
Cozendey, Tatiane Duarte. "Análise de genes envolvidos na esclerose lateral amiotrófica para diagnóstico diferencial." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2015. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/14226.
Full textFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
As doenças neurodegenerativas são caracterizadas por morte neuronal, insidiosa, progressiva e irreversível. Formam um grupo heterogêneo de patologias determinadas por diferentes mecanismos. Um grande número de doenças neurodegenerativas apresenta etiologia genética, enquanto que outras ocorrem de forma esporádica independente de herança genética. A Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica (ELA) pode ser classificada em familiar ou esporádica, e acomete indivíduos de meia idade, normalmente acima dos 50 anos. Suas manifestações clínicas incluem fraqueza progressiva, atrofia, fasciculação, hiperreflexia, disartria, disfagia, e eventual paralisia da função respiratória. No momento não há cura ou tratamento efetivo para que se detenha ou se reverta o processo degenerativo da ELA. Para melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes são realizados tratamentos paliativos. Com os avanços recentes da genética molecular, genes responsáveis por diversas formas clínicas desta doença estão sendo caracterizados. No momento já existem mais de 20 genes associados a ELA. Este estudo visa o diagnóstico comprobatório e diferencial da etiologia genética da ELA, contribuindo dessa forma, para efetuar o aconselhamento genético mais preciso dos pacientes, para que a ELA deixe de ser uma doença subnotificada, e também fornecendo mais informações para auxiliar no entendimento da patogênese da ELA. Para a realização deste estudo, sangue de pacientes encaminhados ao Instituto de Neurologia Deolindo Couto (INDC/UFRJ), foram coletados e encaminhado ao Laboratório de Genética Humana do IOC/FIOCRUZ e para o Neuro Genetics Lab, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (doutorado sanduíche) para a realização do rastreamento de 5 genes (SOD1, TARDBP, FUS, VAPB e ANG) e genotipagem de 2 genes (C9ORF72 e ATXN2) envolvidos na ELA Nossos achados revelaram 15 SNPs nos diferentes genes estudados (ANG, FUS, SOD1, TDP-43 e VAPB). Pela primeira vez, foi descrito um paciente brasileiro de ELA-FTD (Demência Frontotemporal) com a repetição expandida C9ORF72. Após o rastreamento do gene VABP foram encontradas 6 famílias com a mutação P56S, onde 5 possuem AME (Atrofia muscular espinhal) de início tardio e apenas uma possui ELA. Nossos achados e de estudos anteriores nos levaram a concluir que a mutação P56S no gene VAPB parece ser mais frequente em pacientes de AME de início tardio do que em pacientes de ELA. Encontramos uma nova mutação no gene TARDBP, em um paciente de ELA-E (ELA esporádica), e após realizarmos a caracterização da mesma, vimos que ela leva a perda de função do gene através de efeito hipomórfico. Pela primeira vez, foi visto a associação da repetição expandida CAG no gene ATXN2 e o risco de causar ELA em pacientes brasileiros, bem como ocorrência, concomitante, de ATXN2 e da mutação P56S no gene VAPB em pacientes de ELA e de AME de início tardio. Isso sugere que o gene ATXN2 poderia ser fator de risco não apenas para a ELA, como para a AME de início tardio. Nosso estudo veio somar-se ao conhecimento da ELA na população brasileira e de certa forma também para AME de início tardio. E enfatiza a importância da associação da clínica com a genética para um diagnóstico mais preciso
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by neuronal death, insidious, progressive and irreversible. The diseases that belong to this heterogeneous group are determined by different mechanisms. A large amount of neurodegenerative diseases has genetic etiology, whereas others are sporadic regardless genetic inheritance. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) can be classified in familial or sporadic, and most often begins in people of fifty years of age or older. ALS clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, atrophy, fasciculation, hyperreflexia, dysarthria, dysphagia, and eventual respiratory failure. To date, there is no cure or effective treatment to stop or reverse ALS degenerative process. To improve patient\2019s life quality, palliative treatments are put in place. With the recent progress in molecular genetics, genes responsible for many clinical forms of this disease are being found. So far, there are twenty genes associated to ALS. The goal of this study is the differential and proving diagnosis of ALS genetic etiology, contributing thus to provide a more accurate patient genetic counseling allowing ALS not to be an underreported disease, and also providing more information to help to understand ALS pathogenesis. In this study, patients admitted to Instituto de Neurologia Deolindo Couto (INDC/UFRJ) underwent blood analysis at Laboratório de Genética Humana do IOC/FIOCRUZ and Neuro Genetics Lab, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Sandwich Doctorate) to perform the screening of five genes (SOD1, TARDBP, FUS, VAPB e ANG) and genotype two ALS-associated genes (C9ORF72 e ATXN2) Our findings show fifteen SNPs in different genes of this study (ANG, FUS, SOD1, TDP-43 e VAPB). For the first time, an ALS/FTD (Frontotemporal degeneration) Brazilian patient was described with repeat expansion in C9ORF72. After the screening of VAPB gene, there were found six families with P56S mutation: five of this group had late-onset SMA (Spinal muscular atrophy); and only one had ALS. Our finding and previous studies lead us to conclude that P56S mutation in VAPB seems to be more frequent in late-onset SMA patients than in ALS patients. We found a novel mutation in TARDBP gene in an SALS patient (sporadic ALS). After characterizing the mutation, we observed that it leads to loss of gene function via hypomorphic effect. For the first time an association of repeat expansion CAG in ATXN2 and risk of ALS in Brazilian patients was described, as well as the concomitant occurrence of ATXN2 and P56S mutation in VAPB gene in ALS and late-onset SMA patients, suggesting that ATXN2 gene could be risk factor not only for ALS, but also to late-onset SMA. Our study brought new information regarding ALS in Brazilian population, and, at some extent, also to late-onset SMA, and emphasizes the importance of association between clinics and genetics to a more accurate diagnosis
2100-11-18
Borges, Álvarez Marta. "Establiment de metodologia analítica per a la purificació, separació i caracterització de biomarcadors proteics de malalties neurodegeneratives." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/119540.
Full textIn this thesis, we developed an analytical method for the purification, separation and characterization of cellular prion (PrPC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD-1), two proteins related to Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSEs) and the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), respectively. The TSEs are characterized by the accumulation of the pathological form of PrPC (PrPSc) in the brain of affected animals, whereas in ALS it is observed the formation of aggregates of SOD-1. Today, factors that initiate and regulate the interactions that lead to the formation of protein aggregates in many neurodegenerative diseases are still unknown. Some authors suggest mechanisms based on the structural changes observed between the native and the pathology protein which cold be related with the conformation, the amino acid sequence, metals or post-translational modifications. In oligomeric proteins such as SOD-1, the dissociation of oligomers to monomers before aggregation it is also considered. So, it is crucial to increase the knowledge of the structure of these proteins and the mechanisms that govern its aggregation for understanding the disease development. This paper proposes a strategy for having an efficient recovery in the purification of bovine brain PrPC using conventional purification methods that not involves immunochemical procedures. The presence of PrPC was checked at different stages by western blot (WB). Then, the separation and characterization of the SOD-1 by capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry with ion trap and time of flight analyzers (CE-IT-MS and CE-TOF-MS), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization with a time of flight mass analyzer (MALDI-TOF-MS) and ion mobility mass spectrometry with power nano-electrospray ionization source (n-ESI-IM-MS) was studied. The comparison of purified SOD-1 from blood samples of healthy individuals and patients with ALS have yielded some preliminary interesting conclusions about structural changes in the protein associated with cold be related with the disease.
Linden, Junior Eduardo. "Prevalência de esclerose lateral amiotrófica no estado do Rio Grande do Sul." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/4338.
Full textAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis is the most common disease of motor neurons in adults. Characterized by degeneration and death of motor neurons in the cortex, brainstem and spinal cord, being invariably fatal. Epidemiological studies have reported a relatively uniform frequency of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in several parts of the world. However, most studies are conducted in Europe and North America. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, as well as to verify the relationship between the prevalence found in the city of Porto Alegre, capital of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, with the prevalence in the inland of the State of Rio Grande do Sul. Clinical characteristics of 81 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis were described.Therefore, we conducted an active search for diagnostic cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in specialized hospitals and clinics in Rio Grande do Sul, by contacting neurologists and neurophysiologists, and through the regional association of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The prevalence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Rio Grande do Sul on July 31, 2010 was 2. 2 cases per 100,000 people (95% CI 2. 0-2. 5), with 5. 0 cases per 100,000 people (95% CI 3. 9-6. 2) in Porto Alegre and 1. 8 cases per 100,000 people (95% CI 1. 6-2. 1) in the inland of the state. The prevalence was higher for men, peaking in the age group 70-79 years in both genders. In the clinical description of some patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, the median ages at onset of symptoms and diagnosis were, respectively, 54. 2 ± 12. 3 (ranging between 28. 1 and 80. 5) and 55. 5 ± 12. 4 (ranging between 29. 0 and 80. 9). The average time from onset of symptoms and diagnosis was 1. 6 ± 1. 4 years, and the initial symptom most frequently reported by patients was muscle weakness. Our findings are consistent with studies carried out in other parts of the world, especially those conducted in the city of Porto Alegre. In the description of cases, the average age at onset and at diagnosis was lower than that reported in other studies in the world, but similar to that described in other Brazilian studies.
Esclerose lateral amiotrófica é a mais comum doença do neurônio motor em adultos. Caracterizada por degeneração e morte dos neurônios motores localizados no córtex, tronco encefálico e medula espinhal, é uma doença inexoravelmente fatal. Estudos epidemiológicos tem reportado uma frequência de esclerose lateral amiotrófica relativamente uniforme em diversas partes do mundo. Entretanto, a maioria dos estudos é proveniente da Europa e América do Norte. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a prevalência de esclerose lateral amiotrófica no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, assim como, verificar a relação entre a prevalência encontrada no município de Porto Alegre, capital do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, com a prevalência do interior do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Foi descrito também características clínicas de 81 pacientes com esclerose lateral amiotrófica. Para isso, realizamos uma busca ativa por casos diagnosticados de esclerose lateral amiotrófica no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul em hospitais e clínicas especializadas, contato com neurologistas e neurofisiologistas, e através da associação regional dos portadores de esclerose lateral amiotrófica.A prevalência de esclerose lateral amiotrófica no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, no dia 31 de julho de 2010, foi de 2,2 casos a cada 100. 000 pessoas (IC 95% 2,0-2,5), sendo 5,0 casos a cada 100. 000 pessoas (IC 95% 3,9-6,2) no município de Porto Alegre e 1,8 casos a cada 100. 000 pessoas (IC 95% 1,6-2,1) no interior do Estado. A prevalência foi discretamente maior para os homens, chegando a um pico, em ambos os sexos, na faixa etária entre 70 e 79 anos. Na descrição clínica, em uma série de casos de pacientes com esclerose lateral amiotrófica, a média de idade no início dos sintomas e no momento do diagnóstico foram, respectivamente, 54,2 ± 12,3 (variando entre 28,1 a 80,5) e 55,5 ± 12,4 (variando entre 29,0 a 80,9) anos. O tempo médio entre o início dos sintomas e o diagnóstico foi 1,6 ± 1,4 anos e o sintoma inicial mais frequentemente reportado pelos pacientes foi fraqueza muscular progressiva. Nossos achados são consistentes com estudos realizados em outras partes do mundo, principalmente os resultados encontrados para o município de Porto Alegre, capital do Estado. Na descrição de casos, a média de idade no início dos sintomas e no momento do diagnóstico foi menor que a reportada em outros estudos no mundo, mas, similar à descrita em estudos brasileiros.
Stanich, Patricia [UNIFESP]. "Suplementação nutricional em pacientes com doença do neurônio motor/esclerose lateral amiotrófica." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2003. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/18608.
Full textA Doenca do Neuronio Motor (DNM) e uma doenca degenerativa, progressiva, irreversivel e incuravel, com envolvimento primario do motoneuronio. Dentre as formas de manifestacao, predominam a Esclerose Lateral Amiotrofica (ELA) e a Paralisia Bulbar Progressiva (PBP). Na evolucao clinica, a disfagia apresenta-se como um dos comprometimentos principais, levando a diminuicao da massa corporea, desidratacao e desnutricao. Associado a diminuicao da inGestão alimentar, observa-se o aumento da taxa de metabolismo basal e das necessidades nutricionais, determinando assim perda de peso. O reconhecimento da deplecao nutricional e intervencao precoce podem ser um diferencial no tratamento. Nesse trabalho foram estudados 20 pacientes com Doenca do Neuronio Motor (DNM)/Esclerose Lateral Amiotrofica (ELA), provenientes do Setor de Investigacao de Doencas Neuromusculares da Disciplina de Neurologia Clinica da Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP-EPM). O objetivo desse estudo foi descrever o estado nutricional dos pacientes com Doenca do Neuronio Motor (DNM) /Esclerose Lateral Amiotrofica (ELA), submetidos a suplementacao nutricional. Os pacientes receberam suplementacao nutricional durante seis meses consecutivos. Eles foram submetidos a avaliacao nutricional bimestral, com medidas antropometricas - peso, estatura, circunferencia do braco e dobra cutanea do triceps - e analise da composicao corporal atraves da bioimpedancia eletrica. O diagnostico de ELA foi estabelecido de acordo com -os criterios propostos pelo El Escorial, modificado era 1998, atraves do quadro clinico e do auxilio de exames como eletroneuromiografia, ressonancia magnetica e tomografia computadorizada. As idade variou entre 36 e 70 anos, com media de 55,0, mediana de 59,5 e desvio padrao de 12,4 anos. O tempo referido de doenca pelo paciente variou de 8 a 218 meses, com media de 31,5 meses. Quinze pacientes (75 por cento) apresentavam ELA como forma de manifestacao, sendo onze (73,3 por cento) do sexo masculino e 4 (26,6 por cento) do sexo feminino...(au)
The Motor Neurone Disease (MND) is a degenerative disease with involvement of the motor neurone. It is a evolutionary, irreversible and incurable disease. Among the manifestation forms, prevail Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Progressive Bulbar Paralysis (PBP). In the clinical evolution, dysphagia stands out as one of the main compromisings, inducing decrease of body mass, dehydration and malnutrition. Associated to the decrease of the food ingestion, is observed increase of the rate of basal metabolism and nutritional needs, and these determine weight loss. The early recognition of the nutritional depletion and early intervention can be a differential one in the treatment. We presented 20 patient with Motor Neuron Disease / Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), coming from the Section of Neuromuscular Diseases Investigation of the Clinical Neurology Departament, Sao Paulo Federal University (UNIFESP). The objective of this study was to describe the nutritional condition of the patients with Motor Neurone Disease (MND)/ Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). The patients received nutritional supplements by six consecutive months. They were submitted to bimonthly nutritional evaluation, with anthropometric measurements - weight, stature, upper arm circumference and triceps skinfold - and bioelectrical impedance analysis to evaluate corporal composition. The diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) was established in agreement with the criteria proposed by the El Escorial, in 1998, including clinical criteria and the aid of electromyographic studies, MR and CT scan. (au)
BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
Vale, Beatriz Ferreira do. "Necessidades dos cuidadores informais de doentes com esclerose lateral amiotrófica: uma revisão integrativa da literatura." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/10482.
Full textA Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica é uma doença neurodegenerativa que leva à gradual perda de células motoras na medula espinhal, tronco cerebral e córtex motor. Devido ao facto de ser uma doença altamente incapacitante, o portador enfrenta dificuldades em exercer a sua autonomia e muitas vezes vivencia um contexto de extrema fragilidade e de dependência completa, o que obriga à presença em tempo integral de um cuidador para o assistir nas atividades do dia-a-dia. Os cuidadores informais destes doentes enfrentam diariamente o desafio de cuidar de uma pessoa em situação de doença de rápida evolução, perda das capacidades físicas e cognitivo/comportamentais, etc. E, para além disto, é também posta a prova a sua própria saúde física, psicológica e emocional. Cuidar de um doente com ELA, pode ser um processo complexo, preenchido por sentimentos e emoções ambíguas. De modo, é possível perceber a importância de avaliar as suas necessidades específicas. O presente estudo tem como objetivo conhecer as necessidades dos cuidadores informais de doentes com Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica. Para isso, realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura recorrendo às bases de dados CINAHL (via EBSCO), MEDLINE (via PubMed) e EMBASE. Os investigadores efetuaram uma pesquisa da literatura disponível nos últimos cinco anos e que estivessem publicados em inglês, português ou espanhol. Foram encontrados um total de 104 artigos após a pesquisa nas diferentes bases de dados, tendo sido selecionados apenas sete artigos para incluírem esta revisão. A partir desta investigação foi possível conhecer as necessidades dos cuidadores de doentes com ELA mais evidenciadas na literatura, bem como perceber que estas estão essencialmente relacionadas com três grandes categorias, como as necessidades relacionadas com o cuidador informal, as necessidades relacionadas com o exercício do papel de cuidador informal e as necessidades relacionadas com o contexto.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis is a neurodegenerative disease that leads to the gradual loss of motor cells in the spinal cord, brainstem and motor cortex. Due to the fact that it is a highly disabling disease, the patient faces difficulties in exercising their autonomy and often experiences a context of extreme fragility and complete dependence, which requires the full-time presence of a caregiver to assist in the activities of the day to day. The informal caregivers of these patients face the daily challenge of caring for a person with a rapidly evolving disease, loss of physical and cognitive/behavioral capabilities, etc. And, in addition to this, your own physical, psychological and emotional health is also put to the test. Caring for an ALS patient can be a complex process, filled with ambiguous feelings and emotions. So, you can see the importance of assessing your specific needs. This study aims to understand the needs of informal caregivers of patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. For this, an integrative literature review was carried out using the Cinahl (via EBSCO), Medline (via PubMed) and Embase databases. The investigators carried out a search of the literature available in the last five years and that had been published in English, Portuguese or Spanish. A total of 104 articles were found after searching the different databases, with only seven articles having been selected to include this review. From this investigation, it was possible to know the needs of caregivers of patients with ALS most evidenced in the literature, as well as realizing that these are essentially related to three major categories, such as the needs related to the informal caregiver, the needs related to the exercise of the role of informal caregiver and the needs related to the context.
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Ferraresso, Amanda 1986. "Avaliação clínica e funcional do comprometimento respiratório de pacientes com esclerose lateral amiotrófica." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/309302.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: A Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica (ELA) é uma desordem progressiva que envolve a degeneração dos neurônios motores em todos os níveis. A falência respiratória é a principal causa de morte nos pacientes com ELA e está diretamente relacionada com a disfunção muscular respiratória, em geral será tardia e precipitada por uma infecção respiratória. Objetivos: (1) Avaliar clínica e funcionalmente o comprometimento respiratório dos indivíduos portadores de esclerose lateral amiotrófica (ELA) e sua evolução com um programa de exercícios respiratórios e orientações domiciliares. (2) Traduzir para a língua portuguesa e avaliar a reprodutibilidade mediata da aplicação do questionário Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R), em pacientes com ELA nascidos no Brasil. (3) Buscar a detecção precoce de distúrbios da deglutição por meio de questionários específicos e do exame salivograma. (4) A partir da análise dos desfechos clínicos (pacientes sem suporte pressórico, ventilação invasiva (VI) ou óbito), avaliar se alguma das medidas como capacidade vital forçada (CVF), pressões respiratórias máximas (PImax= pressão inspiratória máxima e PEmax= pressão máxima expiratória), pico de fluxo de tosse (PFT), questionários doença-específicos: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis functional rating scale revised (ALSFRS-R) e amyotrophic lateral sclerosis assessment questionnaire (ALSAQ-40), ajudariam na previsão do prognóstico da doença. Metodologia: foi realizado um estudo de coorte prospectivo, não controlado. No período de maio de 2010 a dezembro de 2011, todos os pacientes com diagnóstico de ELA, que frequentavam o ambulatório de doenças neuromusculares foram considerados para participar do estudo. O questionário ALSFRS-R foi aplicado no início da pesquisa e após 15 dias, para o processo de tradução e avaliação do instrumento. Foram avaliadas trimestralmente as variáveis de CVF (sentado ? supino), PImax, PEmax, PFT, SpO2 e questionários doença-específicos (ALSFRS-R e ALSAQ-40), ao longo de um período de 18 meses, exceto o radiograma de tórax e salivograma, avaliados somente ao início da pesquisa. Na evolução dos pacientes que participaram do programa de exercícios respiratórios, os pacientes foram separados em dois grupos (F1 e F2), com maior e menor número de sessões de fisioterapia, respectivamente. Resultados: Foram considerados para inclusão na pesquisa 32 pacientes, sendo incluídos 14 indivíduos efetivamente. A um nível de 5% foi encontrada significativa correlação entre as notas obtidas no questionário ALSFRS-R (p=0,001) nos dois momentos, o que permitiu a validação da versão na língua portuguesa. Das variáveis comparadas entre os grupos F1 e F2 apenas o PFT foi diferente entre os grupos, com valores de 125 e 225 L/min respectivamente (p=0,03). O PFT também foi a única variável que mostrou diferença entre o grupo de VI ou óbito vs pacientes sem suporte pressórico, com valores de 140 e 225 L/min, respectivamente (p= 0,007). Conclusões: O PFT, um exame simples, de fácil manuseio entre os clínicos e de baixo custo, pode ter um papel na avaliação do prognóstico destes doentes, além de auxiliar a traçar condutas que poderiam beneficiá-los em uma fase de maior comprometimento funcional
Abstract: The Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of motor neurons at all levels. Respiratory failure is the leading cause of death in patients with ALS and is directly related to respiratory muscle dysfunction, usually late and will be precipitated by a respiratory infection. Objectives : ( 1 ) To evaluate the clinical and functional respiratory impairment of individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS ) and its evolution with a program of breathing exercises and guidance at home; ( 2 ) Translate to Portuguese and to assess the mediated reproducibility of the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale -Revised ( ALSFRS -R ) questionnaire, in patients with ALS born in Brazil; ( 3 ) Search for the early detection of swallowing disorders through specific interviews and salivagram examination; ( 4 ) iii) From the analysis of clinical outcomes data to assess whether lung function and disease specific questionnaires may help predict the prognosis of patients with ALS. Methods: we conducted a prospective cohort study, not controlled. From May 2010 to December 2011, all patients diagnosed with ALS, who attended the outpatient neuromuscular diseases were considered for the study. The ALSFRS -R questionnaire was administered at baseline and after 15 days for the translation process and evaluation of the instrument. Were evaluated quarterly variables FVC ( sitting / supine) , MIP, MEP , PCF , SpO2 and disease-specific questionnaires ( ALSFRS - R and ALSAQ - 40 ) over a 18 month period , except the chest X-ray and salivagram, evaluated only the beginning of research. The outcome of patients who participated in the program of breathing exercises, patients were separated into two groups (F1 and F2), with the highest and lowest number of physiotherapy sessions, respectively. Results: We considered for inclusion in the study 32 patients, including 14 individuals effectively. At a level of 5 % was found significant correlation between the scores obtained in the ALSFRS -R questionnaire (p = 0.001) in the two periods, which allowed the validation of the Portuguese version. Variables compared between groups F1 and F2 only the PFT was different between groups , with values of 125 and 225 L / min, respectively ( p = .03 ) . The PFT was also the only variable that showed a difference between the VI group of patients without or death vs. pressure support , with values of 140 and 225 L / min, respectively (p = 0.007). Conclusions : The PFT , a simple test , easy handling between the clinical and cost , may have a role in assessing the prognosis of these patients , and help to trace behaviors that could benefit them in a stage of greater functional impairment
Mestrado
Clinica Medica
Mestra em Ciências
Menezes, Adriana Pereira Domarques de. "Modificações em proteínas induzidas por compostos eletrofílicos. possível papel em esclerose lateral amiotrófica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46131/tde-26042018-142018/.
Full textDamage to biomolecules can occur from a direct interaction between biomolecules and reactive of oxygen and nitrogen species as well as from the reaction of secondary products of these species as electrophiles generated in lipid peroxidation. Some of these by-products have greater chemical stability than the derived reactive species and can bind to biomolecules compromising their normal function. Therefore, protein modifications by aldehydes generated during lipoperoxidation have been investigated for their implications with pathological disorders related to protein aggregation and modifications in signaling pathways amplifying the deleterious effects in biological systems. The aim of this work was to contribute to the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms associated with the development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) through the identification, characterization and quantification of posttranslational modifications in proteins by 4-hydroxy-2-hexenal (HHE) and trans-4-hydroxy-2- nonenal (HNE) in vitro, cytochrome c, and in vivo, rat model (SOD1G93A) of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), throught Western blot techniques, and mass spectrometry with shotgun proteomics approach. The results showed the binding of aldehydes to cytochrome c. Six peptides were modified by HHE and one by HNE. The peptide TGPNLHGLFGR was modified by the two aldehydes. Histidine 33 has been shown to be a hot spot against aldehydes additions. By western blot analysis of the aldehyde-bound proteins, it was possible to observe a tendency of increase in the concentration of HNE-bound proteins in the ALS animals, more pronounced in the samples of 70 days compared to control samples. Regarding the results obtained with HHE, both pre-symptomatic and symptomatic animals did not show HHE-protein differences, both in controls and in ALS animals. We did not detect a significant difference in the aldehyde-protein concentration between the groups in the samples of the symptomatic animals. Proteomic analysis revealed 24 differentially expressed proteins, with emphasis on proteins with thehighest values of significance (p-value), such as the ubiquitin in the pre-symptomatic group and neurogranin in the group of the symptomatic animals and several proteins of the energetic metabolism pathways, neurofilaments, proteins of redox processes and proteins linked to calcium metabolism (fundamental in the pathophysiology of ALS). Some important proteins were found exclusivity in the pre-symptomatic and symptomatic groups by the Venn diagram. With regard to aldehyde-modified proteins, some relevant ones such as Delta-2 polymerase interaction protein, that was modified by HNE via the addition of Michael found in presymptomatic and symptomatic ELA animals, catalase that was found to be modified by HNE via Schiff\'s base only in pre-symptomatic ALS, and gamma interferon-inducible thiol reductase in the group of symptomatic ALS animals. Janus kinase and microtubule interaction protein 3, were found to be modified by Michael addition and Schiff base pathway respectively in symptomatic ALS animals. It is interesting to note that some modifications found in uncharacterized proteins may indicate new proteins not yet described as modified by these aldehydes. The results show that some of the proteins modified by HNE and HHE found in this work are related to redox stress, energetic metabolic pathways, proteins involved in the response to oxidative damage, and inflammatory processes. Such modifications occur not only in the neurodegeneration model, but were previously described in other pathological processes, such as cardiovascular disease, liver injury due to chronic alcohol use
Trevizan, Isabela Lopes. "Eficácia de diferentes dispositivos de interação em tarefa virtual na esclerose lateral amiotrófica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5170/tde-21092016-084325/.
Full textIntrodution: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive course of neuronopathy, characterized by the motor neurons death (MN) upper and lower. Due to rapid disease progression and the onset of symptoms of functional disability individuals with ALS seek an alternative form of communication and interaction. Technological development using virtual reality programs with the help of interaction devices can offer more function and assist individuals with ALS to obtain autonomy, independence, quality of life and inclusion. Objective: to identify which low-cost non-immersive interaction device, using a virtual task, is better for providing performance and functionality for individuals with ALS. Method This is an analytical cross-sectional study. A total of 60 people participated in this study, 30 individuals with ALS (18 men and 12 women, mean age = 59 years, range 44-74 years), while 30 people with normal development that were matched for age and gender with individuals with ALS formed the control group. The task used was a computer game, which consists of blowing the largest possible number of bubbles for 30 seconds. The subjects were divided into 3 groups, each using a different interface (Kinect®, Leap Motion Controller® or Touchscreen) in the task acquisition and retention stage. After these phases was carried out the transfer phase with the switching devices, then all groups had contact with all interfaces. For statistical analysis we used the number of bubbles achieved for each participant during the phases of acquisition, retention and transfer. Results: All participants, both the ALS group, both the control group showed better motor performance in the use of the Touchscreen device, but the ALS group had underperformed the practice of all devices. Practice with the touchscreen device did not allow the transfer to the Leap Motion Controller® and Kinect® devices, this means that the practice more real feature device (Touchscreen) did not allow the transfer to devices with more virtual features (Kinect® and Leap Motion controller®), but considering the practice with virtual devices that transfer occurs. Conclusion: This work presents a breakthrough in the understanding of appropriate devices for use in the rehabilitation of people with ALS functionality. The Touchscreen device showed the best functional performance for this population and can offer more features for individuals in executing virtual tasks
Freitas, João Daniel Mira. "Os efeitos do exercício terapêutico em pacientes com Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica: revisão bibliográfica." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/8812.
Full textIntrodução: A Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica (ELA), é uma doença rara, neurodegenerativa progressiva, que afeta o sistema nervoso e acarreta paralisia motora irreversível que tem como principais disfunções físicas a falta de destreza manual, disartria e disfagia e alterações psico-lógicas como a depressão. A fisioterapia tem como foco o tratamento dos sintomas e a maxi-mização da função permitindo que os pacientes tenham uma maior esperança média de vida com qualidade. Objetivo: O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar os efeitos do exercício terapêutico em pacientes com Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica (ELA). Metodologia: Pesquisa computorizada nas bases de dados PubMed e PEDro, para identificar estudos randomizados controlados que avaliem os efeitos do exercício terapêutico em pacientes com ELA. Resulta-dos: Nesta revisão foram incluídos 5 estudos randomizados controlados com 248 pacientes, com a classificação metodológica média de 5,6 na escala de Physiotherapy Evidence Databa-se (PEDro). Conclusão: O exercício terapêutico contribui para reduzir significativamente a deterioração motora, a fadiga, o atraso da progressão da doença, e melhorar a força muscular, a função respiratória e a qualidade de vida dos pacientes com ELA.
Introduction: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a rare, progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects the nervous system and causes irreversible motor paralysis. Physical ther-apy focuses on treating symptoms and maximizing function allowing patients to have a higher quality life expectancy. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effects of therapeutic ex-ercise in patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Methodology: Computerized search in the PubMed and PEDro, databases to identify randomized controlled trials evaluat-ing the effects of therapeutic exercise on patients with ALS. Results: This review included 5 randomized controlled trials with 248 patients, with a mean methodological rating of 5.6 on the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. Conclusion: Therapeutic exercise con-tributes to significantly reduce motor deterioration, fatigue, delayed disease progression, and improve muscle strength, respiratory function, and quality of life in patients with ALS.
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Almeida, Sara Regina Meira 1980. "Esclerose lateral amiotrofica : estudo prospectivo de parametros respiratorios." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/313009.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a função respiratória dos pacientes com Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica (ELA), através dos parâmetros de espirometria, pressão inspiratória máxima (PIM) e pressão expiratória máxima (PEM), gasometria arterial e oximetria de pulso, e monitorizá-los durante o período de 8 meses. O estudo foi de corte prospectivo e corte transversal na primeira avaliação. Participaram 16 pacientes com diagnóstico definido ou provável de ELA, em assistência regular e uso do riluzole. Critérios de exclusão: doenças pulmonares associadas, ventilação assistida, gastrostomia ou sonda alimentar. No corte longitudinal foi verificada significância estatística na evolução da pressão parcial de gás carbônico (PaCO2). No corte transversal foi verificada significância estatística na correlação entre as medidas: PIM e PEM; índice de massa corpórea (IMC) e PIM; IMC e PEM; oximetria de pulso e capacidade vital forçada; bicarbonato e PaCO2. Houve correlações importantes entre dispnéia (escala MDRS), qualidade de vida (questionário ALSQ 40) e percepção da saúde (escala SF36). Em pacientes com ELA de predomínio apendicular houve correlações entre parâmetros da espirometria, gasometria arterial e SF36. Concluiu-se que função pulmonar dos pacientes com ELA seguidos no período de 8 meses permaneceu na faixa de normalidade, apesar da amostra ser heterogênea com pacientes deambulantes e cadeirantes. A PaCO2 tendeu a ser parâmetro eficaz e significativo para avaliar o comprometimento respiratório.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the respiratory function of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), using the parameters of spirometry, maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), arterial blood gases and pulse oximetry, and monitor them during the period of 8 months. The study was crosssectional assessment in first evaluation and longitudinal prospective study. Sixteen patients with probable or defined ALS were selected. They were on riluzole and had regular attendance. Exclusion criteria were: associated pulmonary diseases, assisted ventilation, gastrostomy or feeding tube. In the longitudinal study partial arterial carbonic gas pressure (PaCO2) was a significant parameter to follow up disease evolution. In the cross-sectional study there was a significant correlation between: MIP and MEP; body mass index (BMI) and MIP; BMI and MEP; pulse oximetry and forced vital capacity; bicarbonate and PaCO2. There were significant correlations between dyspnea (MDRS scale), quality of life (questionnaire ALSQ 40) and health perception (SF-36 scale). In ALS patients with predominant apendicular onset there were correlations among the spirometry, arterial blood gases and SF36. The lung function in patients with ALS followed over 8 months remained in the normal range, although the sample was heterogeneous with outpatients and wheelchair users. The PaCO2 was shown to be an efficient and significant parameter in the measurement of respiratory impairment.
Mestrado
Ciencias Biomedicas
Mestre em Ciências Médicas
Panisset, Juliana de Ávila. "Perfil populacional e qualidade de vida em pacientes com esclerose laeral amiotrófica (ELA)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2014. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/17254.
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Este trabalho teve como objetivo obter dados epidemiológicos da população diagnosticada com esclerose lateral amiotrófica (ELA) no Brasil para produzir informação no campo da saúde para auxiliar no desenvolvimento de políticas públicas e de novas terapêuticas para a população com ELA no Brasil. O trabalho foi realizado em 2 etapas: 1) questionário epidemiológico aplicado a 209 pacientes com ELA e 2) Alsaq-40/BR aplicado a 74 pacientes portadores de ELA. O segundo instrumento aplicado é composto por 40 questões, sendo divididas em 5 categorias: (1) questão 1-10: atividades de vida diária (ADV) e a independência; (2) das questões 11-20: aspectos físicos; (3) questões 21-23: aspectos alimentares; (4) questões 24-30: aspectos emocionais (5) questões 31-40: Aspectos específicos para certas profissões da saúde. A população do Estudo na primeira etapa foi composta por: 92 mulheres e 117 homens e na segunda: 30 mulheres e 44 homens. A idade da amostra respondente da primeira etapa, oscilava entre: 18 e 88 anos, gerando a média de idade de 52 anos. Concluiu-se que a amostra estudada corrobora com a literatura quanto a idade apresentada pois o destaque é para a quinta década de vida e quanto ao sexo porque neste estudo a maioria da amostra pertence ao sexo masculino. Quando analisada a autonomia do paciente na realização de suas AVD foi verificado um alto grau de dependência funcional, o que sugere uma baixa qualidade de vida. __________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
This study aimed to obtain epidemiological data of the population diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in Brazil to produce information in the health field to assist in the development of public policies and new therapies for people with ALS in Brazil. The work was carried out in two steps: 1) epidemiological questionnaire administered to 209 patients with ALS and 2) ALSAQ-40 / BR applied to 74 patients with ALS. The second instrument used consists of 40 questions and is divided into five categories: (1) question 1-10: daily life (ADV) and the independence activities; (2) the questions 11-20: physical aspects; (3) questions 21-23: dietary aspects; (4) questions 24-30: Emotions (5) questions 31-40: Specific Aspects certain health professions. The population of the study in the first stage consisted of: 92 women and 117 men, and the second: 30 women and 44 men. The age of the respondent sample from the first stage oscillated between: 18 and 88 years, generating an average age of 52 years. It was concluded that the studied sample corroborates the literature regarding age is presented as the highlight for the fifth decade of life and about the sex in this study because most of the sample is male. When analyzed patient autonomy in performing ADLs there was a high degree of functional dependence, which suggests a lower quality of life.
Zuardi, Marina Campos. "Quantificação da lesão neuronal e mielínica na Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica através da ressonância magnética." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17140/tde-30082012-083717/.
Full textIntroduction: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive and degenerative disease that affects motor neurons in the spinal cord, brain stem and/ or motor cortex. Their clinical presentation is varied, its unknown etiology and fatal progression. There isnt still a curative treatment for ALS, but some medications and physical therapy can help by providing the patient a better quality of life. Objectives: To test the hypothesis that quantitative techniques of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are effective to detect neuronal damage in the brain of patients with ALS at the inicial stage of the disease and see if there is a correlation between brain injury and functional loss of the patient. Thus, we intend to establish a protocol can to contribute to early diagnosis of ALS. Methods: Fifteen patients with definite or probable ALS (12 men and three women) aged between 37 and 79 and their respective controls underwent an MRI evaluation protocol, including a volumetric and quantitative structural study of damage neuronal and myelin by reason of T1-weighted sequences and FLAIR , Magnetization Transfer (MT), Relaxometry, Fractional Anisotropy (FA), Diffusion (DTI) and Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Some of the subjects also underwent a physical assessment of muscle strength, functionality by Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale Revised (ALSFRS-R), quality of life through the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Assessment Questionnaire (ALSAQ-40) and quantification of fatigue by Fadigue Severity Scale (FSS). The MRI data of the two groups were compared using analysis of variance multivariate and univariate and submitted to correction for multiple comparisons of Bonferroni. In the variables with significant differences between groups, we studied the predictive validity of the measure, by calculating the area under the ROC curve and set the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. The data of the scales were compared using Mann-Whitney test and correlated with each other and with the structures by Spearman correlation. Results: The various MRI techniques, with the exception of MT, identified at least one structure with a significant difference between the two groups, a total of 11 structures over the reason for the metabolites NAA/Cre. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were satisfactory ranging from 0.60 to 1.00 , with emphasis on Volume of Gyros Superior Frontal Right and Gyros Superior Frontal Left that averaged 1.00 , 0.93 and 0,97 , respectively. The ALSFRS-R and ALSAQ-40 scales showed significant differences between the two groups, but the FSS did not. The scales were significantly correlated with each other in almost all domains and total scores. The correlation with the structures of the scales was significant only for the Volume. Conclusions: Techniques such as DTI, FA, Relaxometry and Volume are more effective in early diagnosis of ALS patients than others. The decrease in gray matter volume was positively correlated with the ALSFRS-R. Finally, we propose a protocol for evaluation patients with ALS, including high-resolution volumetric image to calculate the Volume and DTI.
Alves, Aleandro Geraldo. "MUTAÇÕES DO GENE SOD-1 (SUPERÓXIDO DISMUTASE 1) NA FORMA FAMILIAR DA ESCLEROSE AMIOTRÓFICA LATERAL: REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2011. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/2361.
Full textAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a multifactorial disease that affects motor neurons. In most cases, the disease is sporadic, however, 5 to 10% of patients have a familial history (FALS). Among patients with FALS, 12 to 23% present with mutations in the SOD1 gene. Objectives: To present a systematic review about the mutations described in SOD1 gene in patients with FALS. Methods: The databases used in this study included PubMed, ISI Web of Science and Cochrane Library Virtual Health. After reading the abstracts, 71 articles were selected and systematically reviewed on this study. Results: The largest number of publications was found in 1997, and Japan was the country with the majority of published studies on the subject, with 23 articles. The majority of the mutations were described in éxons four and five of SOD1 gene, and A4V, I113T, I144F, D90A and L38V were the most commonly mutation described. More than 156 mutations in the SOD1 gene have been cataloged in patients with ALS-F and these data are deposited in ALS GENETICS ONLINE DATABASE, a database that contains specific information on mutations associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. However, the articles reviewed in this study described 103 mutations. Conclusions: Several mutations in the SOD1 gene have been described in patients with ALS-F, however, the relationship between such mutations and the pathogenesis of ALS-F remains unclear, as well as the relationship between mutations and disease progression. Further studies are necessary in order to better explain such relationship.
A esclerose amiotrófica lateral (EAL) é uma doença multifatorial que afeta os neurônios motores. Na maioria dos casos, a doença é esporádica, entretanto, 5 a 10% dos pacientes apresentam história familiar (EAL-F). Dentre os pacientes com EAL-F, 12 a 23% apresentam mutações no gene SOD1. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão sistemática acerca das mutações descritas no gene SOD1 em pacientes com EAL-F. As bases de dados consultadas incluíram Pubmed, ISI Web of Science e Cochrane Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. Após a revisão dos resumos, 71 artigos foram selecionados descrevendo mutações no gene SOD1 em pacientes com EAL-F. O ano que apresentou o maior número de publicações foi 1997 e o Japão foi o país que mais publicou sobre o assunto, aparecendo em 23 artigos. O maior número de mutações foi descrito nos éxons 4 e 5 do gene SOD1 e as mutações A4V, I113T, I144F, D90A e L38V foram as mais comumente citadas. Até o momento 156 mutações no gene SOD1 já foram catalogadas em pacientes com EAL-F e esses dados encontram-se depositados no ALS ONLINE GENETICS DATABASE, um banco de dados que contém informações específicas sobre mutações associadas à esclerose amiotrófica lateral. Entretanto, os artigos revisados neste estudo descrevem 103 destas mutações. As causas relacionadas às mutações no gene SOD1 permanecem incertas, assim como a relação entre tais mutações e a evolução da doença, portanto, muito ainda deve ser estudado acerca desse tema.
Villalba, Wander de Oliveira. "Avaliação da função pulmonar em pacientes portadores de esclerose lateral amiotrofica por meio da capacidade vital forçada, na posição sentada e supina." [s.n.], 2001. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/309670.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-28T19:25:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Villalba_WanderdeOliveira_M.pdf: 9855663 bytes, checksum: bca8003db171a19f2daebf93ac89211b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001
Resumo: Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar as variações da medida da capacidade vital forçada e da ventilação voluntária máxima na mudança de decúbito de sentado para deitado em pacientes com Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica (ELA) e determinar as pressões inspiratória e expiratória máximas, para medir força muscular respiratória. Participaram do estudo 21 pacientes portadores de ELA, 11 homens e 10 mulheres com idade entre 20 e 74 anos, sem nenhum antecedente de doença respiratória prévia. Dez pacientes apresentavam acometimento de membros superiores e inferiores, 9 pacientes tinham fraqueza muscular de membros superiores, inferiores e de músculos bulbares, 1 paciente só tinha alterações bulbares e 1 paciente só sintomas de membros superiores. Treze pacientes nunca fumaram e 8 tinham antecedentes de tabagismo. (6 ex-fumantes e 2 ainda fumantes). Treze pacientes se queixavam de dispnéia aos esforços. Para verificar a significância estatística das variações da CVF e da VVM foi aplicado o teste não paramétrico de Wilcoxon (para amostras pareadas). Valores de p '< ou =¿ 0.05 indicaram que os valores medidos na posição sentada menos 25%, menos 20% e menos 15% e supina são significativamente diferentes. Neste trabalho, a utilização de 25% como faixa de corte para variação da CVF com o decúbito não produziu resultados significativos.No entanto, faixas de corte de 15% e 20% resultaram em freqüências significativas de variação da CVF com o decúbito. Na avaliação descritiva da PIM, 12 pacientes apresentaram medidas dentro da normalidade prevista e 6 deles atingiram valores menores que 60% do normal. Na medida da PEM, 7 pacientes estavam dentro da referência de normalidade e 11 deles estavam 60% abaixo da normalidade. Concluiu-se que na espirometria houve queda significativa na capacidade vital forçada medida no decúbito supino em 9 pacientes quando o valor de corte foi de 15% e em 8 pacientes quando o valor de corte foi 20%; a utilização do valor de corte de 25% não produziu queda na CVF com freqüência significativa; o limite de 25% a partir do qual a queda da CVF é considerada como causada por fraqueza muscular diafragmática pode ser questionado. Na avaliação de outras variações concomitantes na espirometria a VVM mostrou significantes alterações com o decúbito sendo significativa nos índices de 25%, 20% e 15%. A avaliação da força muscular respiratória através da PIM e PEM revelou maior sequência de alterações nas medidas da Pressão Expiratória Máxima, sugerindo um comprometimento importante da musculatura expiratória
Abstract: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( ALS ) is a progressive fatal neurodegenerative disorder of unknown origin, characterized by degeneration of espinal motor neurons, motor nuclei of the lower brain stem and upper neurons of the motor cortex. Eventually these lesions may produce respiratory failure. The aim of this study was to assess the variations of the measurements of forced vital capacity and maximum voluntary ventilation in patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis when the subjects moved from the sitting to supine position and also to determine the maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressures, in order to evaluate repiratory muscle strength. 21 ALS patients participated of the study ¿ 11 females and 10 males, whose ages ranged from 20 to 74 years. Only patients with an ALS diagnosis confirmed, who undergone a careful clinical evaluation complemented by an electromyographic exam and a nerve conduction study, that texcluded all other neuromuscular diseases, were included. All the patients undergone physiotherapeutic assessment and the Manuvacumeter Recorder (IMEBRAS) with a capacity for 150 cc of water was used to measure the maximum inspiratory (MIP) and expiratory pressures (MEP). Spirometry was performed with the ANAMED AM 4000 PC spirometer. All the patients were measured for the Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), the Forced Expiratory Volume during the first second (FEV 1) and Maximum Voluntary Ventilation (M V V) in sitting and supine position, comparatively. The Wilcoxon non-parametric test was used to check if there was a statistical difference between the variables measured in the sitting position minus 25%, 20% and 15% and the same values measured in the supine position. Values of p '< or =¿ 0.05 indicated that the variables in the sitting position and lying position were significantly different. In this study, the use of 25% as the cut offline for FVC variation with decubitus did not produce significant results. However the cutoff line of 15% and 20% resulted in significant frequencies of FVC variations with decubitus. These results raise the possibility that the 25% decrease that appears in the literature about the subject as indicative of respiratory muscle weakness may not be appropriate. As to the manuvacumeter measurements alterations were observed mainly in the MEPvalues, even before FVC and MIP variations were evident. Conclusion: 1. In the spirometric evaluation there was a significant decrease of the forced vital capacity in the supine decubitus for 9 patients, when the cutoff value used was 15%, and for 8 patients, when the cutoff value was 20%. When the 25% cutoff was used the decrease in CVF was not significantly frequent. 2. The VVM showed significant decubitus alterations. They were significant with the 25%, 20% and 15% cutoff limits. 3. MEP deterioration was more frequent and easier to detect than MIP. The normality indexes of Black and Hyatt
Mestrado
Ciencias Biomedicas
Mestre em Ciências Médicas
Brandão, Bárbara Carolina. "Relação entre tempo de trânsito oral e desempenho funcional na doença do neurônio motor /." Marília, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150745.
Full textBanca: Luciana Pinato
Banca: Kátia Flores Genaro
Resumo: A disfagia orofaríngea é sintoma frequente em indivíduos com Doença do Neurônio Motor (DNM) e um dos parâmetros que mensuram o grau de funcionalidade nessa população, sendo que a alteração na fase oral da deglutição é um dos primeiros sinais da disfagia na DNM. O comprometimento na fase oral da deglutição é ocasionado por fraqueza, fasciculação e atrofia de língua que promovem incoordenação oral gerando aumento no tempo de transito oral (TTO), comprometendo assim a alimentação destes indivíduos. Objetivo: Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo descrever e relacionar o TTO da deglutição com o desempenho funcional e com penetração e aspiração laringotraqueal na DNM. Método: Participaram desse estudo 20 indivíduos com DNM, independente do tipo ou tempo da doença. Foram incluídos 11 indivíduos, sendo nove do gênero masculino e dois do gênero feminino, faixa etária de 31 a 87 anos (média de idade de 57 anos). Foram excluídos nove indivíduos. Aplicado o questionário Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale - revised (ALSFRS-r/BR) para classificação dos indivíduos de acordo com parâmetros Global, Bulbar e Bulbar/Respiratório. Realizada videofluoroscopia da deglutição com diferentes consistências de alimento no volume de cinco ml, com análise quantitativa temporal por meio de software específico para mensuração do tempo de trânsito oral total (TTOT) e análise qualitativa por meio da escala de Penetração e Aspiração Laringotraqueal proposta por Rosenbek et al (1996). Para relac... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Introduction: Oropharyngeal dysphagia is a frequent symptom in individuals with motor neuron disease (MND) and one of the parameters that measure the degree of functionality in this population, and the alteration in the oral phase of swallowing is one of the first signs of dysphagia in DNM. The impairment in the oral phase of swallowing is caused by weakness, fasciculation and tongue atrophy that promote oral incoordination leading to an increase in oral transit time (OTT), thus compromising the feeding of these individuals. Objective: This study aimed to describe and correlate oral transit time (OTT) of swallowing with functional performance and with laryngotracheal penetration and aspiration in MDN. Method: Participated in this study 20 individuals with DNM, regardless of the type or time of the disease. Eleven individuals were included, nine of whom were male and two were female, ranging from 31 to 87 years old ( mean age of 57 years). Were excluded nine individuals. Applied the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale - revised (ALSFRS-r / BR) to classification of individuals according to Global, Bulbar and Bulbar / Respiratory parameters. A videofluoroscopy of swallowing with different food consistencies was performed in the volume of five ml, with qualitative analysis using the Laryngotracheal Penetration and Aspiration Scale proposed by Rosenbek et al (1996) and temporal quantitative analysis using specific software to measure total oral transit time (TOTT... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Neto, Miguel Mitne. "Análise in vitro da esclerose lateral amiotrófica tipo 8 e estudo genético da paraplegia espástica 4." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41131/tde-24052011-112414/.
Full textThe motor neuron diseases (MND) show a huge clinical and genetic variability. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is the most common late-onset form of MND. ALSs devastating and incurable manifestation leads to a profound loss of life quality. ALS8 is an autosomal dominant form of ALS caused by mutations in the VAPB gene. The VAPB protein is involved with many cellular processes and our data suggest that P56S mutation in this protein reduces its interaction with two other proteins: Tubulin and GAPDH. Since these proteins were previously related to other types of neurodegenerative diseases they potentially are key points to reveal the processes responsible for ALS8 and other MND. A substantial number of successful drug tests in ALS animal models could not be translated to humans, showing the need of novel ALS systems. iPSC technology made possible cellular reprogramming. The iPSC technology brings new hope in this area since it can be used to model diseases in vitro. Here we present a new ALS model based on ALS8-iPSC. Compared to control samples, this model shows a reduction of VAPB levels. However, we could not identify intracytoplasmic aggregates, which characterize overexpression models. We show for the first time that human embryonic stem cells express VAPB. Combined with results showing a VAPB reduction in ALS8 samples, it suggests that ALS8 patients present diminished protein levels since the beginning of their lives and reveal the importance of modeling ALS in a human background. The search for copy number variations has led to the identification of the first multiexonic duplication (exon10_12dup) in SPG4 gene, expanding the mutation spectrum in this gene. This mutation leads to a premature stop codon, which suggests that the expressed protein is not functional. The analysis of 30 individuals who carry the mutation showed that males have on average an earlier AAO and are more severely affected. These data suggest specific neuromuscular diseases can be modulated by factors related to individual background and gender. In sum, we support the idea that microtubules can be involved with neuromuscular disorders pathogenesis, since both VAPB and Spastin interact with these cytoskeleton components. Additionally, we present a new in vitro model to ALS analysis and we justify the studies in a human background.
Salgueiro, Juliana Peixoto. "Descrição e compreensão dos processos de perdas e luta vivenciados por uma pessoa com Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47131/tde-01062009-102411/.
Full textThe general objective from this work is to describe and analyze the mourning and progressive losses processes experienced by an elder person with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), provided that such person was aware of these losses. Starting from a case study, a qualitative research has been conducted focused on phenomenological aspects. Data from home psychotherapy sessions reports were used, and the participant has consented this usage in a free and informed way. Through this material, a selection process has separated the reports in which the loss theme has been mentioned as a consequence of the disease. These reports have formed four meaning units: Movements, Speech, Safety and Independence, characterized by the most significant losses experienced by the participant during the diseases evolutionary process. The first two units are directly related to the disease, as they are listed as ALS characteristics. Safety and independence issues are experienced by most of the people affected by the disease. Regarding the experience described in this work, its possible to list the family support, the main caretaker, the religion and the home attention as the main factors which may help the person to ease the sufferings caused by ALS. Regarding the psychologist aid, the most important aspect is to seek alternative resources for the patient to help him/her to deal with successive losses, considering the specific idiosyncrasies and needs. The approximation and the emotional connection between the professional and the patient, as well as the respect to the patients values and life story, are vital factors to obtain these resources. Besides, the psychologist shall offer help and support to the family members who are also subject to getting sick. They may also need professional care. Besides the personal psychotherapy, for this attention experience to be successful regarding the student, the professional and specially the patients and their families, the following aspects are vital: studies about death and losses, the supervisions on specific cases, the sharing of experiences and the knowledge about the physical and emotional aspects connected to the disease.
Venturin, Gianina Teribele. "Potencial terapêutico das células mononucleares da medula óssea em um modelo experimental de esclerose lateral amiotrófica." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/4575.
Full textLateral amyotrophic sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the selective loss of both lower and upper motoneurons in the spinal cord, brain stem and motor cortex. Loss of motoneurons leads to progressive paralysis, and death in 2 to 5 years. Treatment is based on symptomatic measures and pharmacological therapy available is not curative. Thus, it is of great importance to develop new therapeutic strategies to manage this disease. Alternatively, stem cells to replace could be used to replace degenerating neurons or to stop/delay neuronal death. The aim of this study was to verify if bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC) have therapeutic potential in transgenic mice superexpressing SOD1G93A. These animals’ phenotypic and physiopathological characteristics mimic those of ALS. Seventy-day-old or 110-day-old mice were administered with 107 BMMC in the tail vein. BMMC were obtained from C57BL/6-EGFP or SOD1G93A donors. Control animals received saline. In order to determine disease onset and progression, animals were evaluated in the Rotarod test, by electromyography and had their body weight measured. Survival was also evaluated. Tissue samples were collected for PCR analysis of cell migration. Additional groups of animals were euthanized at 120-days-old for histological analysis and the alkaline comet assay. Our results indicate that EGFPBMMC transplantation in 70-day-old mice (pre-symptomatic) mice prolong survival, preserve motor function and preserve motoneurons in the ventral horn of the spinal cord. However, for mSOD1BMMC the observed effect is intermediary. Furthermore, in 110-day-old (symptomatic) mice, only EGFPBMMC prolonged survival. This effect was more discrete than the one observed for pre-symptomatic-treated animals. Finally, systemically administered BMMC migrate into the spinal cord where fragments of their DNA were identified by PCR. There were no differences between the experimental groups in the electromyographical evaluation or DNA integrity measured by the alkaline comet assay. Our results suggest that BMMC have therapeutic potential in ALS since we observed improved motor performance and prolonged survival in animals that received the transplant. Nonetheless, outcomes were better when intervention was early and the transplanted cells did not express the mutated SOD1. Thus, our data represent a step forward in making cell-based therapy available for ALS patients. However, questions associated to the time of intervention and the source of the cells should be carefully addressed.
A esclerose lateral amiotrófica (ELA) é uma doença neurodegenerativa caracterizada por uma perda seletiva de neurônios motores na medula espinhal, tronco encefálico e córtex motor. A perda de motoneurônios dá início a uma paralisia progressiva, levando o paciente a óbito em 2 a 5 anos. O tratamento se baseia principalmente em medidas sintomáticas e a terapia farmacológica existente não é curativa. Assim, é de máxima importância o desenvolvimento de novas estratégias terapêuticas. Como alternativa, existe a perspectiva do uso de células-tronco para substituir neurônios em degeneração, ou impedir/retardar o processo de morte neuronal. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se as células mononucleares da medula óssea (CMMO) apresentam potencial terapêutico em camundongos transgênicos que superexpressam SOD1G93A. Estes animais apresentam características fisiopatológicas e fenotípicas que se assemelham à ELA. Aos 70 dias (pré-sintomático) ou 110 dias (sintomático) de vida os animais receberam 107 CMMO pela veia da cauda. Camundongos C57BL/6-EGFP ou SOD1G93A foram utilizados como doadores. Animais controle receberam solução salina. Para determinar a idade em que os animais passam a apresentar sintomas da doença e diferenças na progressão, foram utilizados o teste motor do Rotarod, eletroneuromiografia e o peso corporal dos animais. A sobrevida dos animais também foi analisada. Após a eutanásia foram coletadas amostras para avaliação da migração celular por PCR. Grupos adicionais de animais foram tratados conforme previamente descrito e eutanasiados aos 120 dias de vida para avaliação histológica e ensaio do cometa alcalino. Nossos resultados indicam que o transplante intravenoso de EGFPCMMO aumenta a sobrevida de animais tratados aos 70 ou aos 110 dias de vida. Quando a intervenção é feita no período pré-sintomático, o aumento da sobrevida é acompanhado de preservação da função motora e de motoneurônios do corno ventral da medula espinhal. Entretanto, quando as células transplantadas são mSOD1CMMO, o efeito observado nos mesmos parâmetros é apenas intermediário. Além disso, quando o transplante ocorre no período sintomático, somente as EGFPCMMO promovem aumento na sobrevida, embora discreto. A perda de função motora e a progressão não se modificam. Finalmente, embora as células tenham sido administradas sistemicamente, migram para a medula espinhal, onde foram identificados fragmentos de seu DNA.Não foram identificadas diferenças entre os grupos na avaliação por eletroneuromiografia, nem da integridade de do DNA avaliada pelo ensaio do cometa alcalino. Nossos resultados até o momento sugerem que a fração mononuclear da medula óssea tem potencial terapêutico no tratamento da ELA, uma vez que verificamos melhora de desempenho motor e aumento de sobrevida em animais submetidos ao transplante. Apesar disso, os desfechos são mais favoráveis quando o tratamento é precoce e as células não expressam a mutação da SOD1 desencadeadora da ELA. Assim, nossos dados representam avanço na disponibilização do tratamento com células-tronco para pacientes com ELA, mas questões relacionadas ao período de intervenção e fonte das células devem ser cuidadosamente avaliadas.
Calado, Everton Fabrício. "O corpo silencioso e a expressão da vida psíquica no sujeito acometido pela esclerose lateral amiotrófica." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2010. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=533.
Full textEsta pesquisa tem por objeto refletir sobre a expressão da vida psíquica do sujeito acometido pela Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica (ELA), compreendida na vivência do seu corpo silenciado. Por esse termo designamos a peculiar condição do sujeito que, com o avanço da doença, tende a perder tanto a articulação da fala quanto dos movimentos, com um grave prejuízo em sua capacidade de se comunicar. Pretendemos compreender a expressão psíquica de tal sujeito a partir da interação dos cuidadores, familiares e profissionais de saúde no convívio com esse sujeito na fase avançada da doença. Utilizamos o método clínicoqualitativo de investigação (Turato, 2005), cuja pertinência à pesquisa humana em saúde está em buscar interpretar significados psicológicos e socioculturais trazidos por sujeitos afetados por doença, bem como dos cuidadores, familiares e profissionais. O número de participantes foi determinado pelo critério de saturação (Minayo, 1994), em que o pesquisador fecha o grupo quando determinado número de entrevistas já alcança o nível de informações esperadas. Coletamos depoimentos livres de oito participantes, sendo quatro profissionais de saúde com experiência no atendimento a casos de ELA: um neurologista, uma psicóloga, uma fonoaudióloga e uma fisioterapeuta, e quatro cuidadores e/ou familiares de pessoas acometidas pela ELA: uma filha de paciente, uma cuidadora contratada, uma esposa e uma viúva de paciente. Os participantes foram questionados a partir de dois aspectos de sua interação com o sujeito acometido pela ELA; em primeiro lugar, perguntamos de que modo, no convívio com o sujeito, conseguiam captar, interpretar e compreender suas vicissitudes. Em seguida, questionamos quais os recursos utilizados para o estabelecimento de uma comunicação intersubjetiva entre este profissional de saúde, familiar ou cuidador e o sujeito acometido pela ELA. Consideramos, finalmente, que a expressão-compreensão de vida psíquica do sujeito com ELA abrange uma gradação que vai desde elementos pragmáticos a posições relacionais por parte cuidadores, cuja complementaridade tem por efeito a apreensão dos conteúdos subjetivos dos pacientes
Salvioni, Cristina Cleide dos Santos [UNIFESP]. "Fatores associados ao estado nutricional e a evolução da Doença do Neurônio Motor/Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2013. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/22972.
Full textObjetivo Avaliar os fatores associados ao declinio do estado nutricional de pacientes com Doenca do Neuronio Motor (DNM), principalmente nas formas de apresentacao Esclerose Lateral Amiotrofica (ELA) e Paralisia Bulbar Progressiva (PBP). Material e Metodos. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com coleta de dados de primeira avaliacao nutricional compreendida entre os anos de 2009 e 2010, e a casuistica constituida por 111 pacientes com DNM. Variaveis clinicas, respiratorias, nutricionais e a Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS) foram analisadas. Resultados. A mediana do tempo transcorrido entre os primeiros sintomas e o diagnostico foi mais precoce (14,2 meses) entre os pacientes com a forma bulbar (PBP)em comparacao aos com a forma apendicular. O mesmo foi observado entre o tempo referido da doenca e a data da avaliacao nutricional, 24,9 meses para pacientes com PBP e 43,8 meses para a ELA (p<0,012) e o tempo entre o diagnostico e a avaliacao nutricional, 9,5 meses para o grupo com PBP e 12,1 meses para a ELA. A correlacao entre os tempos avaliados e o estado nutricional mostraram, em particular para pacientes com ELA, preservacao da gordura corporal e perda de massa muscular com a demora na avaliacao nutricional. Ainda para pacientes com ELA, as medidas antropometricas relacionadas a massa muscular se associaram com a capacidade vital forcada e somente com o peso corporal para a PBP. Dezenove pacientes possuiam alguma via alternativa para a alimentacao sendo que 63,7% da amostra utilizavam a dieta artesanal como meio de nutricao. As variaveis antropometricas apresentaramuse com valores inferiores para pacientes com PBP quando comparadas com a ELA, estando a desnutricao mais presente em pacientes com PBP (45,0%). A escala funcional apresentou estreita concordancia com os aspectos nutricionais para pacientes com DNM/ELA. Conclusoes. Orientacao nutricional e/ou indicacao tardia de via alternativa de alimentacao relacionaram-se com maior comprometimento nutricional, este ultimo mais presente no grupo com PBP. O tempo transcorrido entre a manifestacao sintomatica, o diagnostico ate a chegada do paciente ao servico de nutricao traz como resultado a piora do estado nutricional. A antropometria de braco tem relacao direta com o comprometimento respiratorio e a escala funcional. A ALSFRS, em particular o dominio 2 (funcao motora), correlacionou-se com os aspectos nutricionais. A medida de dobra cutanea do triceps deve ser mais valorizada para a avaliacao nutricional, mostrando-se fator preditor de comprometimento motor e nutricional
BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
Coatti, Giuliana Castello. "Avaliação do potencial terapêutico de pericitos e de células mesenquimais no camundongo SOD1, modelo animal para esclerose lateral amiotrófica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41131/tde-14012016-143346/.
Full textAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig\'s disease, is the most common form of motor neuron disease. Most cases are characterized by an adult onset of symptoms, usually in the fourth or fifth decade of life, affecting both upper and lower motor neurons. The degeneration caused by ALS is progressive and irreversible. On average, the survival ranges from 3 to 5 years after onset, mainly due to respiratory failure. Currently, the only Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved medication for this disorder is Riluzole, but its effects on survival are minimal. In this scenario, cell therapy is being evaluated as a possible alternative. Preclinical studies indicate beneficial effects of treatment of SOD1 mice (animal model for ALS) with mesenchymal stromal cells or simply mesenchymal cells (MSCs), mainly attributed to the action of soluble factors. Here we propose the use of pericytes, a cell line not yet tested for preclinical treatment in of ALS. Pericytes are perivascular cells surrounding endothelial cells and play important cellular roles such as assistance of formation and maintenance of the blood-brain barrier, which is essential to protect the central nervous system from damage in neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, this study sought to compare the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal cells and pericytes, both obtained from the same human adipose tissue, in SOD1 mice. For this purpose, survival and physical performance (weight, PaGE, motor score and rotarod) were evaluated. Except for the benefits observed in PaGE and the motor score tests in an early stage of the disease, treatment with MSCs and pericytes does not result in significant effects on disease progression of SOD1 female mice. For males, treatment with pericytes stands out compared to treatment with MSCs or HBSS (vehicle), resulting in beneficial effects on survival and in certain physical functions of the animals, particularly for the motor score and rotarod tests, where improvement was observed in the initial stage of the disease. The analysis of gene expression in the brain and spinal cord in end-stage animals suggests that treatment of males with pericytes can stimulate the animals\' antioxidant defense. No traces of injected human cells were observed in brain or spinal cord of mice, indicating a possible systemic effect of the transplant
Luchesi, Karen Fontes 1984. "Dyphagia in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and in parkinson¿s disease = A disfagia na esclerose lateral amiotrófica e na doença de Parkinson." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/311989.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: A Doença de Parkinson (DP) é uma das doenças neurodegenerativas mundialmente mais prevalentes. Dentre as doenças do neurônio motor, a Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica (ELA) é a mais frequente. A qualidade de vida e o prolongamento da expectativa de vida dos sujeitos com doenças neurodegenerativas, como ELA e DP, são foco da intervenção fonoaudiológica, visto que uma das maiores causas de morte são as pneumonias aspirativas. Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo analisar e descrever aspectos relacionados à disfagia e à sua progressão em sujeitos diagnosticados com ELA e DP. Ao todo, participaram 49 sujeitos com ELA e 24 sujeitos com DP. Todos foram avaliados e acompanhados no ambulatório de Otorrinolaringologia/Disfagia do Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Foram incluídos no estudo, apenas os sujeitos que estavam em acompanhamento periódico no ambulatório de neurologia do referido hospital e em tratamento medicamentoso. Foram excluídos os sujeitos sem queixa de deglutição ou que apresentassem outras doenças que pudessem causar alteração na deglutição. Todos foram submetidos à entrevista estruturada, videoendoscopia da deglutição, avaliação clínica da deglutição e intervenção fonoaudiológica, além de terem a funcionalidade de ingestão oral classificada pela Functional Oral Intake Scale. Foi realizada uma análise descritiva dos dados com apresentação de frequência das variáveis categóricas e medidas de tendência central e dispersão das variáveis numéricas. Na análise exploratória foram utilizados: Regressão de Cox, teste Exato de Fisher, teste de Kruskal-Wallis, Qui-quadrado, teste de Mann-Whitney e análise de sobrevivência de Kaplan-Meier. As análises foram realizadas por meio do software SPSS versão 13.0 para Windows, tendo sido adotado o nível de significância para os testes estatísticos de 0,05. Na ELA, foi identificado como fator associado à disfagia moderada ou grave, a odinofagia (p=0,01). Foram identificados como fatores que influenciaram na progressão da disfagia na ELA a idade de início da doença (p=0,02) e o início bulbar (p=0,04). A idade de início avançada (p=0,03) e o menor tempo de doença até a primeira avaliação (p=0,004) foram identificados como fatores que levaram à necessidade de indicação de uma via alternativa de alimentação em menor tempo na ELA. Não foram identificados fatores que influenciassem a progressão da disfagia na DP. Observou-se melhora e estabilização da função de deglutição na maioria dos sujeitos com DP estudados. Conclui-se que a idade de início e o início bulbar da ELA são fatores associados à piora rápida da disfagia. Não houve fatores associados à progressão da disfagia na PD e a funcionalidade na deglutição destes pacientes foi caracterizada por melhora e manutenção
Abstract: Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases worldwide. Among the motor neuron diseases, the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is the most common. The quality of life and longer life expectancy for these individuals with neurodegenerative diseases are the purpose of speech-language therapy, as the leading cause of death are aspirative pneumonias. The objective of this study was to analyze and describe aspects related to dysphagia and its progression in patients diagnosed with ALS and PD. Altogether, 49 patients with ALS and 24 patients with PD participated in the study. All patients were evaluated and followed by at the Otolaryngology/Dysphagia services of the Clinical Hospital of the University of Campinas. The study included only patients who have been regularly monitored at the neurology service and undergoing drug treatment. Patients who had other conditions that could cause changes in swallowing or with no complaints concerning swallowing were excluded. All patients underwent a structured interview, Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing, clinical evaluation of swallowing and swallowing management. Furthermore, they had the swallowing functionality classified by the Functional Oral Intake Scale. We performed a descriptive analysis with presenting the frequency of categorical variables, central measures tendency and dispersion of numerical variables. In exploratory data analysis were applied Cox Regression, Kruskal-Wallis, Chi-square, Mann-Whitney and survival analysis of Kaplan-Meier. The analyses were performed using SPSS version 13.0 for Windows and the significance level for statistical tests was 5%. Odynophagia was identified as an associated factor with moderate or severe dysphagia in ALS. The onset age of ALS (p = 0.02) and the bulbar onset ALS (p = 0.04) were identified as factors that influence the progression of dysphagia in ALS. Advanced onset age (p = 0.03) and shorter disease duration (p = 0.004) were identified as factors that lead to sooner need for non-oral feeding. We did not identify any associated factors with the progression of dysphagia in PD. We noticed an improvement and stabilization of the swallowing function in most patients with PD. We conclude that the onset age and bulbar onset of ALS are factors associated with rapid worsened dysphagia
Doutorado
Epidemiologia
Doutora em Saúde Coletiva
Lima, Nubia Maria Freire Vieira 1981. "Perfil da assistencia domiciliar generica e fisioterapeutica e cuidados paliativos a um grupo de pacientes com esclerose lateral amiotrofica." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/313855.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: A Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica (ELA) é doença degenerativa dos neurônios motores superiores e inferiores, progressiva e fatal e caracteriza-se por paralisia progressiva de membros, orofaringe e musculatura respiratória e conseqüente disfagia, disartria e insuficiência respiratória. A doença é considerada um paradigma para o cuidado paliativo não oncológico e, apesar da ausência de tratamento curativo para ELA, suas complicações podem ser abordadas sintomaticamente e por vários profissionais de saúde. Pouca informação está disponível acerca do tipo de assistência em saúde que é prestada aos pacientes com ELA no Brasil, embora centros de referência da doença tenham sido constituídos, via portaria SUS. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a utilização e disponibilidade do serviço de assistência domiciliar genérica e fisioterapêutica e cuidados paliativos para portadores de ELA atendidos no Hospital de Clínicas da UNICAMP (HC), além de quantificar o status funcional dos pacientes e o uso dos cuidados paliativos e assistência domiciliar; identificar o grau de conhecimento das disponibilidades de assistência e os problemas mais graves a ela relacionados; e propor aprimoramentos na assistência ao paciente com ELA. Vinte e nove pacientes e seus cuidadores primários foram acompanhados por 12 meses e submetidos a 4 avaliações pelos instrumentos Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R), Escala de Gravidade de ELA (EGELA), Escala de ELA de Norris (EN), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Assessment Questionaire (ALSAQ-40), Medida de Independência Funcional (MIF), Escala de Deambulação Funcional (EDF), nível de dor e 2 questionários semi-estruturados. Como esperado, houve declínio funcional e aumento da dependência física dos pacientes do estudo, revelados principalmente pela redução dos escores da MIF e ALSFRS-R. Houve aumento da quantidade de assistência prestada aos pacientes com ELA durante os 12 meses, com significância estatística para os serviços de fisioterapia, uso de órtese manual ou de membro inferior. Encontramos que o cônjuge era o cuidador primário em 55% dos casos e 13,5% dos cuidadores eram amigos ou primos. Em relação aos serviços paramédicos, o fisioterapêutico foi o mais utilizado, tanto na primeira avaliação quanto na última. O cuidado ao paciente com o diagnóstico de ELA fez-se fundamentalmente através do sistema hospitalar HC e de seus ambulatórios, desconectados com cuidados domiciliares públicos e estruturados. A piora clínica e declínio da função motora foram detectados por todos os indicadores propostos, os quais nortearam a abordagem fisioterapêutica e outras adequações do cuidado paliativo na ELA. A maioria dos pacientes desconhecia a possibilidade de assistência domiciliar na ELA. Faz-se necessária a implementação da assistência domiciliar, quer através do médico de família ou serviço de apoio à internação domiciliar em complemento ao trabalho da equipe multidisciplinar do HC, em articulação com recursos do município e da região e de outros estados.
Abstract: The amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is degenerative disease of the upper and lower motor neurons, progressive and fatal and is characterized by progressive paralysis of members, oropharynx and respiratory muscles and consequent dysphagia, dysarthria and respiratory failure. The disease is considered a paradigm for palliative care cancer, despite the absence of curative treatment for ALS, its complications can be treated symptomatically and by several health professionals. Little information is available about the type of health care that is provided to patients with ALS in Brazil, although the ALS reference centers have been established through ordinance SUS. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use and availability of the service of home care and general physiotherapy and palliative care for patients with ALS seen at the Clinical Hospital, UNICAMP (CH), in addition to quantify the functional status of patients and the use of palliative care and home care; identify the degree of awareness of assistance and most serious problems related to it, and propose improvements in patient care with ALS. Twenty-nine patients and their primary caregivers were followed for 12 months and submitted to 4 evaluations by the instruments Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R), ALS Severity Scale (ALSSS), Norris Scale (NS), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Assessment Questionaire (ALSAQ-40), Functional Independence Measure (FIM), Functional Ambulation Classification (FAC), level of pain and 2 semi-structured questionnaires. As expected, there was functional decline and increased physical dependence of patients in the study, developed mainly by the reduction of MIF and ALSFRS-R scores. There was an increase in the amount of care provided to patients with ALS for 12 months, with statistical significance for the services of physiotherapy, manual or use of bracing for lower limb. We found the spouse was the primary caregiver in 55% and 13.5% of caregivers were friends or cousins. Regarding paramedical services, the physiotherapy was the most widely used in both the first assessment of the past. The care to patients with the diagnosis of ALS has been based primarily through the hospital system and its outpatient clinics, home care disconnected with public and structured. The clinical deterioration and decline of motor function were detected by all the proposed markers, which guided the approach physiotherapy and other adjustments of palliative care in ALS. Most patients didn't know about the possibility of home care in ALS. It is necessary to implement the home care, either through a family doctor or hospital service to support the household in addition to the work of the HC's multidisciplinary team, in conjunction with the council and resources of the region and other states.
Mestrado
Neurologia
Mestre em Ciências Médicas
Dal, Forno Ana Helena de Castro. "Avaliação de diferentes compostos contra paralisia e efeitos deletérios em modelo de esclerose lateral amiotrófica em Caenorhabditis elegans." Universidade Federal do Pampa, 2017. http://dspace.unipampa.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riu/3486.
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A esclerose lateral amiotrófica (ELA) é uma doença paralisante e fatal caracterizada por degeneração e morte dos neurônios motores que é geralmente fatal dentro de cinco anos após diagnóstico e sem tratamento eficaz atual. Aproximadamente 10% dos casos de ELA são familiares (ELAf) e cerca de 20% de ELAf estão associados a mutações no gene superóxido dismutase 1 (sod1). Em busca de modelos experimentais alternativos que possam substituir e oferecer novas possibilidades de ensaio de toxicidade xenobiótica, o nematóide Caenorhabditis elegans foi considerado favorável como um valioso organismo bioindicador. Utilizando cepas transgênicas de C. elegans como modelo ELA HA2619, HA2622, HA2425, HA2426 testamos diferentes compostos para avaliar sua eficácia nas alterações resultantes da mutação em modelo da ELA. Foram testados trealose (5 mM) com vitamina E (200 μg/mL) e os compostos orgânicos (1 μM) 4-fenilselanil-7-cloroquinolina (PSQ) e 4-feniltellanil-7-cloroquinolina (PTQ). Nenhum dos tratamentos testados apresentou resultados positivos para o aumento da longevidade ou diminuição na paralisia, o que nos levou a questionar se os tratamentos podem ter desencadeado um aumento dos sintomas e consequentemente uma piora nos vermes. Também observamos que o tratamento com os compostos orgânicos contra o dano oxidativo causado pelo peróxido de hidrogênio (0,6 mM) não foi revertido. Em nossas perspectivas, mais estudos são necessários para encontrar terapias que podem prolongar a longevidade e diminuir ou retardar a paralisia.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal paralytic disorder characterized by degeneration of motorneuron which is generally fatal within five years of diagnosis and with no current effective treatment. Approximately 10% of the ALS cases are familial ALS (fALS) and about 20% of fALS are associated with mutations in the superoxide dismutase 1 gene (sod1). Seeking for alternative experimental models that may substitute and offer new possibilities to assay xenobiotics toxicity, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been found favorable as a valuable bioindicator organism. Using C. elegans transgenic strains as ALS model HA2619, HA2622, HA2425, HA2426 we tested compounds to evaluate the efficacy in treatment of ALS. Trehalose (5mM) with vitamin E (200μg/mL) and the organocompounds (1μM) 4-phenylselanyl-7-chloroquinoline (PSQ) and 4-phenyltellanyl-7-chloroquinoline (PTQ) were tested. None of the treatments tested positive for increased longevity or delayed or decreased paralysis, which led us to wonder if the treatments may have triggered an increase in symptoms and worsening of the worms. We also observed the treatment with the organocompounds against the oxidative damage caused by hydrogen peroxide (0.6mM) was not reversed. In our perspectives further studies are needed to find therapies that may prolong longevity and decrease or delay paralysis.
Cristóvão, Joana Margarida Lopes da Silva. "A agregação proteica em processos neurodegenerativos: mecanismos de agregação da SOD1 no contexto da esclerose lateral amiotrófica." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/8136.
Full textA formação de agregados proteicos e amilóides são caraterísticas de muitas doenças neurodegenerativas mas permanecem desconhecidos os mecanismos deste fenómeno. Neste trabalho estudou-se a superóxido dismutase 1 (SOD1), presente em depósitos proteicos na Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica (ELA), como modelo. A SOD1 é uma metaloproteína homodimérica, com um centro Cu/Zn por monómero. O estudo desenrolou-se em três vertentes: análise do efeito de modificações pós-traducionais na estabilidade e estrutura da SOD1; estudo da cinética de agregação e amilóidogénese; e determinação do efeito de pequenas moléculas com relevância fisiológica como moduladores da estabilidade e agregação. Foram expressas e purificadas três formas da SOD1 humana (dímero, dSOD1; uma variante mutada da qual resulta SOD1 monomérica, mSOD1, que se julga modular a agregação; e uma variante da forma monomérica com uma mutação patológica, mSOD1-G37R) que foram objeto de caracterização bioquímica e estrutural recorrendo a metodologias biofísicas (dicroísmo circular, emissão de fluorescência, varrimento diferencial de fluorescência). Os resultados mostraram que as formas mSOD1 e a mSOD1-G37R são menos estruturadas relativamente à forma dimérica. Os perfis de desnaturação com ureia revelam desestabilização da forma monomérica em relação à dimérica (ΔCm =3.3 M), e a forma mSOD1-G37R (ΔCm = 1.9M). Verificou-se que a adição de Zn(II) é destabilizadora, mas que presença de Cu(II) não influencia a conformação proteica. O estudo da cinética de agregação a pH 7 mostrou que redução da ligação dissulfídrica intramolecular aumenta a propensão de agregação, e a seguinte propensão relativa: mSOD1wt ≈ mSOD1-G37R > dSOD1. Verificou-se que a forma mSOD1 potencia também a agregação da forma dimérica, sugerindo assim uma toxicidade acrescida da forma monomérica no processo de agregação. A análise do efeito de 15 pequenas moléculas alteradas em doentes com ELA, a concentrações fisiológicas, revelou um efeito destabilizador sobre a forma mSOD1 e, inibição da agregação (ex: arginina, ftalato, lisina) da forma dSOD1.
Duobles, Tatiana. "Análise da influência da microglia mutante na sobrevida do neurônio motor no modelo in vitro da esclerose lateral amiotrófica utilizando camundongos transgênicos para SOD1 humana." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5138/tde-09082013-140206/.
Full textAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive degenerative disorder affecting motoneurons and leading the patient to death.The cause of motor neurons degeneration in ALS is uncertain and there is any treatment able to prolong the patient life. Recent studies show that microglia could participate of the process of ALS degeneration. Its activation is linked to the disbalance of neuroprotective and neurotoxic action. To investigate the microglia role in ALS, SOD1G93A transgenic mice that develop symptoms similar to the clinical disease were used. We evaluated the neuronal death and trophism in microglia/neuron co-cultures system and in microglial conditioned medium effect under the neurons. Neurons and microglia were extracted from transgenicor wild type mice spinal cord. Microglia was obtained from 1 day pos natal pups and adult onset of disease mice. Cells were stained with a specific marker to neuronal death. Neuronal extensions area and neuronal death was quantified by stereological method. The genic expression of candidate molecules related to degeneration in ALS was quantified by real time PCR and the release of some molecules were quantified by ELISA sandwich. Results showed that maybe transgenic neonatal microglia is not able to increase the neuronal death through releasing molecules in its conditionated medium, on the other hand when transgenic microglia was co-cultured with any kind of neuron, neuronal death was observed. Microglia from adult transgenic mice was not able to promote a neuroprotection compared to wild type in co-culture and conditionated medium experiments. In addition to this, was observed increased tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6 and nerve growth factor secretion by transgenic microglia. Neonatal transgenic microglia also exhibited reduced genic expression of AKAP13, HIPK3, UBE2I and NTF5. These findings at an early stage suggest a lost of migration potential, lost of apoptosis resistance, disbalance of proliferation and cell death and reduction of neuronal trophic support. So together, these data indicate the involvement of microglia in ALS mechanisms
Scorisa, Juliana Milani. "Caracterização celular e molecular da influência do astrócito na degeneração do neurônio motor no modelo in vitro da esclerose lateral amiotrófica utilizando camundongos trangênicos para SOD1 humana mutante." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5138/tde-14082013-153550/.
Full textAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by selective motor neurons death that readly leads patients to death. Transgenic mice expressing human mutant superoxide dismutase 1 (hSOD1) is the most accepted experimental model for the disease studying. The mechanisms that lead to neuronal loss are still poorly understood and there is no effective treatment able to prolong the pacient\'s life. Recent studies indicate that glial cells accelerate the neurodegenerative process, but the molecular mechanisms are not yet established. Astrocytes deserve particular attention, since they have close interaction with neurons, providing structural, metabolic and trophic support. In addition, they also participate actively in the neuronal excitatory modulation and in neuronal transmission, controlling ions and neurotransmitters at extracellular levels. The present study aimed to investigate the possible in vitro effects in astrocytes on the motor neurons death in ALS from newborn (P1) and adult pre symptomatic (P60) spinal cord mice. Thus, we evaluated spinal motor neuron survival and trophism in cultures treated with astrocytes conditioned medium and also in co-culture neuron/astrocyte systems of SOD1G93A (transgenic) and wild type in different cells combinations. Still, we investigated genes expression related to P1 and P60 astrocytes cultures performed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and the molecules secreted by astrocytes were quantified by Sandwich ELISA. For the neuronal degeneration and trophism study, cells were immunostained with specific markers and neurouns were also visualized by phase contrast. These cells were quantified by stereological method and their analysis showed that treatment with transgenic P1 and P60 astrocytes conditioned medium cause length retractions and death on transgenic motor neuron. But, the neuronal death on conditioned medium and co-cultures experiments showed that transgenic P1 and P60 astrocytes caused wild type neuronal death and only transgenic P60 astrocytes led transgenic neurons death, demonstrating major toxicity of transgenic astrocytes. For the gene expression analysis NKRF, UBE2I and TGFa genes showed differentially expressed in transgenic P1 astrocytes and HIPK3, TGFa and NTF5 genes showed differentially expressed in transgenic P60 astrocytes. The analizes of molecules secreted by conditioned media a larger amount of NGF was found in transgenic P60 astrocytes comparing to wild type astrocytes. The amount of IGF-I in the conditioned medium was reduced in astrocytes transgenic P60 cultures compared to the wild type astrocytes Also, there is a reduction autocrine of TNF-? and IL-6 on transgenic astrocytes P60. The transgenic astrocytes seem to promote motor neuron toxicity in ALS and molecules released by astrocytes appear to be involved in the ALS development
Abreu, Filho Antonio Geraldo de [UNIFESP]. "As repercussões emocionais da interação entre estudantes universitários tutores de Psicologia e de Enfermagem e pacientes com Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica (ELA)." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2010. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/8971.
Full textObjetivo: Estudar as repercussões emocionais da interação entre estudantes universitários tutores de Psicologia e de Enfermagem e pacientes com Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica (ELA). Casuística e Método: Dezesseis duplas de alunos realizaram visitas domiciliares feitas semanalmente a 16 pacientes com ELA; cada visita teve duração de 60 minutos, durante 12 semanas, ou entre três quatro meses. Os instrumentos usados para avaliar os tutores foram Entrevista Semidirigida, Desenho Temático e Questionário Desiderativo. Os pacientes foram avaliados pelo Questionário de Qualidade de Vida McGill. Resultados: Com relação aos tutores, a Entrevista Semidirigida revelou de início predisposição para ajudar o ser humano em sofrimento, com identidade positiva profissional, visão humanitária e empatia. O Desenho Temático revelou visão integrada do paciente como um ser humano e não a visão de uma pessoa doente, ou da doença propriamente dita. No Desenho Temático houve mudança significante do sexo da figura desenhada (de masculina no pré-tutoria, para feminina na pós-tutoria). As respostas do Questionário Desiderativo mostraram como premissa, por parte dos tutores, a visão realista e integrada deles mesmos como seres humanos; entretanto, essa visão estava ausente nos seguintes subgrupos: tutores de Enfermagem no momento pré-tutoria, tutores do sexo masculino, tutores de Psicologia no momento pós-tutoria, tutores abaixo do 5º semestre de graduação e abaixo dos 23 anos. Traços de ansiedade e impulsividade foram característicos desse grupo de tutores, intensificando-se nos tutores de Psicologia no momento pós-tutoria. Com relação aos pacientes com ELA, no Questionário de Qualidade de Vida McGill, os domínios que mais contribuíram para a qualidade de vida foram o Bem Estar Existencial e Suporte; Bem Estar Físico e Bem Estar Psicológico tiveram contribuição intermediária, e Sintomas Físicos foram os que menos contribuíram. Já na segunda aplicação, houve diminuição de todos os domínios, com exceção do Bem Estar Psicológico, que aumentou. Conclusão: Os tutores mostraram condições de exercerem a tutoria frente ao paciente com ELA e as características mais favoráveis ao desempenho da função de tutor foram sexo feminino, idade superior a 23 anos e 5º Semestre de graduação. Os domínios Bem Estar Existencial e Suporte foram os que mais contribuíram para a qualidade de vida do paciente com ELA, vindo confirmar a importância que o acolhimento, amparo e escuta tiveram para os pacientes, independente da formação que o tutor (e futuro profissional) possa ter dentro da área da saúde.
Objective: To study the emotional repercussions in the interactions among Psychology and Nursing college student tutors as well as patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Case selection and Method: Sixteen pair of students visited 16 ALS patients at home on a weekly basis; each visit lasted 60 minutes, during 12 weeks, or during three or four months. The tools used to evaluate the tutors were: Semi-structured Interview, Design Theme and Desiderative Questionnaire. The patients were evaluated by the McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire. Results: In relation to the tutors, the Semi-structure interview early revealed predisposition to help the suffering human being, with professional positive identity. The Design Theme revealed an overall view of the patient as a human being and not as a sick individual, or of the disease per se. In the Design Theme, there was a significant gender change of the drawing (from male in pre-tutoring, to female in post-tutoring). The answers to the Desiderative Questionnaire showed as a premise, from the tutors, a realistic and whole view of themselves as human beings; however, this view was absent in the following subgroups: Nursing tutors in pre-tutoring, male tutors, Psychology tutors in post-tutoring, Psychology tutors in post-tutoring, tutors up to the end of the junior year and below 23 years old. Anxiety traits and impulsivity were found in this group of tutors, being more intense in Psychology tutors in posttutoring. In relation to ALS patients, in the McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire, the main contributors to life quality were existential well-being and support; physical and psychological well-being stood in the middle and physical symptoms were the last contributors. In the second administration of the questionnaire, there was a decrease of all contributors, except the Psychological well-being, which increased. Conclusion: Tutors demonstrated ability to carry out tutoring before an ALS patient. The most favorable characteristics for the tutoring post were being female, above 23 years old, in the end of the junior year. Existential well-being and support were the main contributors to the quality of life of ALS patients, confirming the importance of care for the patients, independently of the tutor’s background (and future professional) may have in health care.
TEDE
BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
Jorge, Frederico Mennucci de Haidar. "Correlação clínico-molecular na esclerose lateral amiotrófica fundamentada pelos achados da expressão gênica no nervo extensor curto do hálux." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5138/tde-02082018-113658/.
Full textAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an incurable progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the selective loss of upper and lower motor neurons (MN), with a median survival of 3 years. Clinical manifestations depend on onset site and involvement of the MN. Although the cause of ALS is unknown, reports point towards the participation of glial cells (astrocytes, microglia and Schwann cells) in the neuronal toxicity. The early retraction of the axonium indicates a participation of the Schwann cells in retrograde neuronal death (dying back). The current study described the abnormalities in the genic expression of the functioning extensor hallucis brevis motor neuron from ALS subjects, and the motor branch of the accessory nerve from control subjects (19 ALS, being 9 spinal and 5 bulbar types; 5 controls), through an expanded platform of DNA microarrays and bioinformatics analyses (DAVID, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, and Gene Onthology Consortium Annotation databases). The results were validated by Quantitative PCR (PCRq) and Protein-Protein interaction network generated by Cytoscape. A total of 138 differentially expressed genes were found in these groups. In this study, the ribosome and protein synthesis were pointed as central elements related both to neurotoxicity and protective events. These networks highlighted the EPS8 gene in ALS (in both types, bulbar and spinal) when correlated to controls, and the FAU gene in bulbar ALS in relation to spinal ALS. The genes and pathways identified in this study should be tested as therapeutic targets in future studies approaching ALS