Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Escrocs'
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Rolland, Guy Garraud Pierre. "Filouterie de transport." Lyon : Université Lyon3, 2006. http://thesesbrain.univ-lyon3.fr/sdx/theses/lyon3/1990/rolland_g.
Full textSamet, Catherine. "Naissance de l'escroquerie moderne du XVIIIe au début du XIXe siècle : la naissance de la notion d'escroquerie d'après la jurisprudence du Châtelet et du Parlement de Paris durant le siècle de Louis XV, 1700-1790 /." Paris ; Budapest ; Torino : l'Harmattan, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb400011527.
Full textOuedraogo, Clarisse. "Le mensonge dans l'escroquerie : l'exemple de la France et du Burkina Faso." Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON10042.
Full textTHERE IS NO SWINDLE without LYING ; BUT EVERY LYING DOESN'T CONSTITUTE NECESAIRELY A SWINDLE. ONLY THE AGGRAVATED LYING CAN BE CONSIDERED AS A SWINDLE, WHEN IT IS SO PERSUASIVE TO CHEAT SOMEONE WHO IS NORMALLY CAREFUL LYING CAN BE PERSUASIVE IN TWO WAYS : FIRST, WHEN IT'S ABOUT AN INTRINSIC CREDIBLE ELEMENT, LYING ONLY IS SUFFICIENT TO BE CONSIDERED AS A SWINDLE. THEN, WHEN IT'S ABOUT AN ELEMENT withouT ANY CREDIBILITY, THE LYING MUST GO WITH ANOTHER ACTS; EXAMPLE, PRESENTATING DOCUMENTS, INTERVENTION OF ANOTHER PERSON, OR ATHERS MACHINATIONS WHICH MAKE LYING CREDIBLE. LAW IN BURKINA FASO AND LAW IN FRANCE HAVE SOME LIKENESSES WHEN CONSIDER THE TEXTS; BUT SOMES DIFFERENCES CAN BE FOUND IN THE APPLICATION OF THE SAME TEXTS BY JURIDICTIONS IN THESE COUNTRIES
Dadoun, Armand. "La Nullité du contrat et le droit pénal." Cergy-Pontoise, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CERG0414.
Full textEven though criminal law is a realistic law and mainly deals with facts, it nevertheless takes into account the notion of contract since the latter is the main legal instrument of exchanges. The conditions of validity of the contract have a special link with criminal law insofar as their main purpose is to prevent an illegal contractual norm from entering the legal order. Thus, the importance of “Criminal law of the formation of contract” should not be surprising. It remains to be seen whether “Criminal law of the formation of contract” is followed, on the civil level, by the normal sanction for the breach of the conditions of validity of the contract, known as contract nullity. By assessing to what extent the causes for contract nullity correspond to the constitutive elements of the offences, which are committed when the very contract is formed, a principle of nullity of contract, constitutive of the offence, can be drawn. Yet, when the offence does not necessarily imply a contract formation conflicting with criminal law, the legal system coherence does not require the nullity of the contract having the slightest connection with the offence. However, even when the contract is constitutive of the offence, positive law does not acknowledge any legal effect of criminal law on the causes of contract nullity. The autonomy between the nullity causes of the contract and the constitutive elements of the offence does not prevent the civil judge from qualifying an offence or the criminal judge from giving an opinion on the contract validity or even from declaring void an illicit contract. Yet, the criminal courts incompetency to annul contracts remains the rule. In practice, this leads criminal courts to award damages to the victim, while civil judge would award restitutions. The result is the eviction of contractual nullities law during the criminal trial which is difficult to understand and justifies the evolution of the competence of the criminal judge in the field of contracts law
Fleuriaud, Geoffrey. "Le vol au village : le traitement médiatique d'une délinquance ordinaire (1918-1940)." Poitiers, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011POIT5028.
Full textThis study is based on the analysis of information, as found in the depredation section of two local newspaper from the Vienne department of the interbellum period. The purpose is to understand the mechanisms applied by the media when advertizing a criminal act. In fact, after proceeding to a complete examination of the rhetorical techniques by journalists, it appears that newspaper articles could fulfill a truly social function. For the local press of the interwar years, the act of stealing, as a deviant and transgressive gesture, became the pretext for taking a line celebrating community norms and institutions in society
Samet, Catherine. "Essai sur la naissance de l'escroquerie moderne : la naissance de la notion d'escroquerie d'après la jurisprudence du Châtelet et du Parlement de Paris pendant le siècle du règne de Louis XIV (1700-1790)." Paris 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA020044.
Full textEisenhut, Stefan. "Escrow-Verhältnisse : das Escrow agreement und ähnliche Sicherungsgeschäfte /." Basel : Helbing Lichtenhahn, 2009. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?u20=9783719029050.
Full textNakamura, Velasquez Dan. "El Escrow." Derecho & Sociedad, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118878.
Full textVasey, Frances. "A critical translation of Charles Collé's 'Le Galant Escroc'." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13381.
Full textTort, Bodro Eulàlia. "Els escrits estètics d'Antoni Tàpies." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/299203.
Full textThe artistic contribution of Antoni Tàpies figure, for several decades, among the most notable in the second half of the twentieth century. His influence soon transcended the immediate surroundings and today is a figure who enjoys international recognition. Antoni Tàpies was born in Barcelona in 1923 into a cultured, middle-class, Catalan nationalist family who, since the 19th century, had been part of a publishing and book-selling tradition that awoke in him an early love of books and reading. These extraordinary family circumstances meant the opportunity to read Nietzsche, Stendhal, Maupassant, Proust, Sartre and Wilde, among others. Probably this love for reading explains that Antoni Tàpies is today one of the few artists in Catalonia who have chosen writing as a way of expression. Throughout his life, he published seven books and five of them are a selection of articles published in press and magazines. In this sense, as a regular contributor to some of the most important headlines of our country, Antoni Tàpies cultivated writing actively and regularly expressing his opinions on matters that he considered important. The objective of this research is to perform a textual analysis of the legacy of the artist to sketch the main lines of Antoni Tàpies thought and find out which are the links between the artistic work and his writings. Antoni Tàpies is a rarity in the historiographical aesthetic Catalan scene and we want to wonder if he is part of the Western tradition of artists that use the text to express their thoughts and artistic theories from the late nineteenth century since nowadays. Antoni Tàpies always thought the art and there are some themes that permeate the literary works published over the years. Three of these issues are: the question about the meaning of art, an attempt to approach the figure of the artist and, finally, the links between art and spirituality. In this sense, this research analises the question about the meaning of art that in Antoni Tàpies’ case should respond, among other things, from its social function. Likewise, we must place the Catalan artist in dialogue with other contemporary artists who have reflected on similar issues triyng to assess its originality. This thesis also runs another fundamental question: how Antoni Tàpies believes that a true artist must be. This is an important question because alludes to personal issues and brings us to the deepest longings of the artist. Tàpies rejects any attempt to reduce the role of the artist as a communicator understood as the one who plays the speech generated by thinkers and writers. The artist has to find their own voice and define the need to establish relationships between the personality and the social function of art. Finally, we will refer to the last issue that we want to study: art and spirituality. Antoni Tàpies not attached to any religion but words like mystical, energy, path, God or meditation stuffed his writings. The artist has a very personal view on this issue, influenced by Eastern cultures, especially from India, China and Japan. We therefore ask if art is a way of communication of the transcendental experience. In short, Antoni Tàpies never published a book with all his aesthetics or art philosophy. He choses, throughout his life, to publish circumstancial articles. The analysis of these texts, along with his artistic work, should enable us to get closer to his thinking in what is the first doctoral thesis on the writings of Antoni Tàpies.
La aportación artística de Antoni Tàpies figura, desde hace varias décadas, entre las más notables de la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Su influencia pronto trascendió el entorno más inmediato y hoy es una figura que goza de reconocimiento internacional. Nacido en 1923 en el seno de una familia burguesa, culta y catalanista, inmersa desde mediados del siglo XIX en una tradición editorial y librera, pronto se despertó en el joven artista un amor por los libros y la lectura. Estas circunstancias familiares supusieron una extraordinaria oportunidad para que desde muy joven leyera a Nietzsche, Stendhal, Maupassant, Proust, Wilde o Sartre, entre otros. Probablemente este aprecio por la lectura sembrada en tiempos de juventud influyó en que Antoni Tàpies sea hoy uno de los pocos artistas catalanes que ha optado por la escritura como medio de expresión. A lo largo de su vida, publicó siete volúmenes, cinco de los cuales constituyen una selección de artículos publicados en prensa y medios de comunicación. En este sentido, como colaborador habitual de algunas de las cabeceras más importantes de nuestro país, Antoni Tàpies cultivó la escritura de manera activa y periódica, expresando sus opiniones en aquellas cuestiones que consideraba pertinentes. El objetivo de esta investigación consiste en realizar un análisis del legado textual del artista para esbozar las principales líneas del pensamiento de Antoni Tàpies y averiguar cuáles son las vinculaciones entre obra plástica y escritos. Antoni Tàpies constituye una rareza en el panorama historiográfico estético catalán y nos preguntamos si Tàpies forma parte de la tradición de artistas occidentales que desde finales del siglo XIX usaron la pluma para expresar sus pensamientos y teorías artísticas. Antoni Tàpies pensó continuamente el arte y a menudo encontramos temáticas que impregnan toda la obra literaria publicada a lo largo de los años. Tres de estas cuestiones que el artista aborda en múltiples artículos son: la pregunta sobre el sentido del arte, un intento de aproximación a la figura del artista y las vinculaciones entre arte y espiritualidad. En este sentido, esta investigación se adentra en la pregunta sobre el sentido del arte que, en el caso particular de Antoni Tàpies, deberá responderse, entre otros aspectos, desde su función social. Asimismo, hay que situar al artista catalán en diálogo con otros artistas contemporáneos que han reflexionado sobre cuestiones similares para poder, posteriormente, construir una visión de conjunto y valorar su originalidad. Esta tesis también recorre otra pregunta fundamental: cómo cree Antoni Tàpies que debe ser el verdadero artista. Esta es una pregunta importante, ya que alude a aspectos personales y nos acerca a los anhelos más íntimos del artista. Tàpies rechaza cualquier intento de reducir el papel del artista al de mero comunicador entendido como aquel que reproduce el discurso generado por pensadores y escritores. El artista debe encontrar una voz propia que lo defina y es necesario establecer las relaciones entre esta personalidad y la función social del arte. Finalmente, haremos referencia a la última de las temáticas que queremos estudiar: arte y espiritualidad. Antoni Tàpies no se adscribe a ninguna religión aunque palabras como mística, energía, camino, Dios o meditación llenan sus escritos. El artista tiene una visión muy personal sobre esta cuestión, influida por las culturas orientales, especialmente las procedentes de India, China y Japón. Nos preguntaremos pues si el arte es un medio de comunicación de la experiencia trascendente. En definitiva, Antoni Tàpies nunca publicó un libro con toda su estética o filosofía del arte pero sí optó, a lo largo de su vida, por publicar artículos circunstanciales. El análisis de estos textos, junto a su obra plástica, debería permitirnos acercarnos a su pensamiento en la que es la primera tesis doctoral sobre los escritos de Antoni Tàpies.
Krampl, Ulrike. ""Sous prétexte de magie" : les secrets des faux sorciers de la police de Paris entre croyances et escroquerie au XVIIIe siècle." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0005.
Full textAfter a partial decriminalization of the crime of witchcraft by royal edict of 1682, the police of Paris continues to persecute men and women who practice any kind of magic (treasure hunting, invocation of spirits or the devil, divination/astrology, "secret" remedies for the body, love, chance at gambling) or who engage in the transmutation of metals. Throughout the 18th century the police calls them "falses witches". A detailed study of contemporary texts (dictionaries, treatises, police records) traces the ways of how the term "magic" is constituted through language and its practice. It also shows that the exercise of magic in the city fundamentally addresses the domain of the "secret". Thus, the issues at stake are of prime importance to contemporaries, as they concern the constitution of a "public", enrichment and the social and economic organization of the city. This novel and original configuration of magic emphasizes above all its commercial dimension : the "false witches" are accused of "abusing the credulous public", and more frequently, of "fraudulence"; this new vision of magic is for the first time to be officially taken into account during the French revolution (legislation of 1791). Magic appears to be placed between possible transcendence and the omnipresent risk of swindling. This ambivalent social and epistemological position brings forth a specific form of inscription into space and time through which the dynamics of magical beliefs can be explored. In this sense, the "false witches" of the Paris police prove an interesting means to reconsider the history of 18th century urban life between imagination and material realilty
Rode, Karl. "Using risk mitigation approaches to define the requirements for software escrow." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017936.
Full textPritchard, Marcus Allen. "A Navy escrow account : increasing financial flexibility /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03Jun%5FPritchard.pdf.
Full textAzfar, Abdullah. "Multiple Escrow Agents in VoIP." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Telematics, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-10895.
Full textEneroth, Nathanael. "Securing LBO VoLTE roaming with multiple Escrow Agents : A dynamic approach to distribute cryptographic keys to Escrow Agents." Thesis, KTH, Radio Systems Laboratory (RS Lab), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-240425.
Full textDen fjärde generationens mobila bredband, Long-Term Evolution (LTE), möjliggör användandet av höghastighetsinternet över Internet Protocol (IP). Dagens trådlösa infrastrukturer banar väg för ett fritt och lättillgängligt digitalt samhälle där alla kan vara uppkopplade samtidigt. För att uppnå global trådlös infrastruktur måste mobilabonnenten ha möjlighet att utnyttja flera andra trådlösa nätverk än det nätverk som teleoperatören binder dem till. Därför utgör fri roaming en viktig del i utvecklingen av framtidens globala trådlösa infrastrukturer. Local Breakout (LBO) Voice over Long-Term Evolution (VoLTE) är en roamingarkitektur som gör det möjligt för en mobilabonnent att kopplas upp från en teleoperatörs nät till en annans. LBO kräver att kontrollsignaler och användardata skickas mellan flera operatörer innan trafiken når sitt mål, och därmed utsätts mobilabonnenten för laglig avlyssning av elektronisk information på flera platser samtidigt. Det här examensarbetet undersöker möjligheten att använda Multimedia Internet KEYing (MIKEY) och Secure Real-Time Transport Protocol (SRTP) för att kryptera mediatrafik i VoLTE. Under arbetets gång utvecklas och utvärderas en Law Enforcement Monitoring Provider (LEMP). LEMP är placerad i en mobiltelefon och distribuerar delar av krypteringsnycklar till flera betrodda tredje parter (till flera escrow agents). Detta gör det möjligt att uppfylla kraven för laglig avlyssning av elektronisk information även när flera teleoperatörer avlyssnar användardata och kontrollsignaler. Resultatet visar att distribueringstiden primärt beror på nätverkslatens, och inte på den tid det tar att fördela krypteringsnyckeln i mindre delar. Därför kan den här metoden användas i praktiken.
Gimenes, Amanda Goda. "Contrato de escrow : perspectivas dogmática e prática." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Estudos Sociais Aplicados. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito Negocial, 2014. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000196159.
Full textThis paper analyses the theoretical bases that underlie the business contracts and demonstrates its economic-social function. Acknowledges the essential elements of the escrow agreement, confronts it with related institutes and proposes to define its legal nature. Considers the lack of rules regarding the disposal of mercantile society in Brazil and demonstrates the use of institutes and Anglo-Saxon legal concepts by the practice of mergers and acquisitions of commercial entities, focusing on the escrow agreement. Investigates the applicability of the deposit action of the Brazilian Civil Procedure Code and the principle of the duty to mitigate the loss in escrow agreements.
Díez, García Manfred. "Alexandre Galí, filòsof de la història. Estudi d’uns escrits inèdits." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/394005.
Full textThis dissertation revolves around some unpublished texts by Alexandre Galí. Well-known as a pedagogue, linguist and historian, the above mentioned documents reveal a new philosophical side to this author. Galí’s unpublished work illustrates his thoughts about the philosophy of history and philosophical anthropology. The issue of being versus man as a subject of freedom is the main focus of his reflections, which are summarised by taking a practical approach. The opposition between these two terms is solved by defending the power of knowledge in its ability to contribute to life, and by introducing the relationship between the individual and society, meaning that being is what enables the man-individual to establish social bonds. Bearing all of these elements in mind –which are referred to as philosophical anthropology–, Alexandre Galí sets out to examine the history of thought in Western Europe according to this moral-practical sense of knowledge.
Roura, Asensio Teodor. "La música vocal de Josep Soler. Escrits teòrics i obra musical." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/432781.
Full textThe thesis "The vocal music of Josep Soler. Theoretical writings and musical work", is a research on all Soler's vocal work, except for the dramatic one: opera and oratory, complemented by an analysis of musical thought and techniques, as well as the ideological substrate on which he bases his creative activity and the role of the artist expressed in countless articles and essays. The thesis is divided into an introduction, three chapters, and four sections devoted to the conclusions, the bibliography, the catalogue of the writings and the discography. The introduction addresses the motivations that inspire the research: the study of Soler's work as a follower of his teacher Cristòfor Taltabull, and the importance of his own vocal work in the current context. It also states the main goals of the research: 1. Study and analysis of the philosophical thought that supports the musical composition of Josep Soler. 2. Study and analysis of the three Soler's compositional systems: atonality, twelve-tone music, and the use of Tristan chord. 3. Preparation of the catalogue of all the author's vocal works. The first chapter is devoted to the State of the Question and tackles the analysis of all the publications and writings devoted to the work of the composer divided into three main sections: 1. Informative articles published in journals of cultural or general journalism. 2. Interviews. 3. Articles of a scientific nature or arising within the university background. This first chapter comes to the following conclusions: 1. Josep Soler has been regularly publishing in cultural periodicals and has enjoyed good reviews and criticisms highlighting the consistency of his music. 2. Throughout these years his music has not had important stylistic changes and the critics and musicologists who have analysed his work have pointed out this continuity. 3. That the idea of religious music has evolved into a concept of a musician in search of transcendence. 4. While his music has not undergone drastic changes, the same continuity applies to his thoughts, which can be seen in his interviews over the time. The second chapter is devoted to the analysis of the compositional systems used by the composer: atonality, twelve-tone music and use of Tristan chord. There is also a special mention to the use of Pitch-Class theory as a method of analysis. The chapter comes to the following conclusions: 1. The works from Soler come from a very simple basic structure: the interval of tritone in atonal music; a single series but with a very compact plot, and Tristan chord presented clearly or with minor modifications as strange notes, lack of some notes, or other variations. 2. Direct composition without sketches or ideas, schemes or plans of a formal and harmonic structure. 3. Use of texts of great literary quality and mainly of non-Catalan or Spanish authors, although in recent times, he rediscovered some texts by Verdaguer and Llull. 4. Careful voice treatment. Initial preference for high and light voices. Almost complete absence of the low voices in lieder. The third chapter and core part of the thesis is Josep Soler's catalogue of vocal, non- dramatic works. The catalogue is divided into two main sections: works with the participation of a choir, and works without choir. The catalogue has a clear vocation to foster the interpretation and consists of the following items: 1. Identification of the work by a catalogue number. 2. Title of the work. 3. Musical form: mainly lied, choir or cantata. 4. Instrumentation: clearly indicating all required instruments without numerical abbreviations. 5. Duration: normally provided by the composer. Whenever a work has been registered, I give the length stated in the recording. 6. Language and text. The text includes not just the author's references, but also the full text since some of them are difficult to access and it is very arbitrary to select which one to choose. 7. Composition date. 8. Manuscript where it is located. 9. Printed score when available: both private made by a copyist or a commercial one. 10. First performance and its circumstances: date, place and interpreters. 11. Recording when available, be it commercial, private or made by a public or private television or radio station. 12. Compositional technique. 13. Comments when there is any characteristic or vicissitude of the composition that must be highlighted. 14. Finally, bibliography of the work, the text or some other issue. Due to its specificity, sometimes it is not included in the general bibliography. Also in a supplementary section there are Catalan translations of the works texts. Finally, a bibliography, a discography and a catalogue of the composer’s writings complement the thesis. The final conclusions of the thesis are: 1. The attitude of the composer regarding art and creation comes from the transcendent thought of Soler. From his very beginnings, Soler has been received as a religious composer. The manuscripts of his early years end with the motto Laus Deo. However, after his early education at a Jesuit school, his awareness led him to abandon Catholicism and Christianity as institutions, while keeping the transcendence character of the existence and of the artwork. His music is a faithful reflection of this thought and the authors chosen to build their vocal work are a good testimony. In this light, the spirituality of Rilke, Rumi, Verdaguer or Llull; the three passions, the countless motets and the Responsories show this spirituality. 2. Originality within tradition in his language: Soler as a culmination of the final 19th c and early 20th c music. His love for tradition, for counterpoint, for the great masters of medieval times, and willingness to express feelings with music, are conjugated in a language that is placed at the crossroads set up by the destruction of tonality and of the world it implied. 3. Because of these reasons, his work is a compendium of thought and music in Europe at the beginning of the 20th c, which does mean neither conservatism nor progressism. His music follow the lines of what Bach meant in the 18th c, without qualitative valuations, but with the meaning of closing a time, compendium, and opening a new future. 4. The invention of the Tristan chord system is an innovation while, at the same time, puts him in an expectation of exploring an unchartered future. 5. The magnitude of the non-dramatic vocal work composed by Soler clearly confirms his status as a vocal composer. The lack of a real catalogue is the main reason behind this thesis: to make up a complete and documented thematic catalogue of Soler’s non- dramatic vocal work.
La tesis “La música vocal de Josep Soler. Escritos teóricos y obra musical” es una investigación sobre la obra vocal del autor exceptuando la dramática: ópera y oratorio, complementada con un análisis sobre el pensamiento y técnicas musicales, así como sobre el sustrato ideológico que fundamenta su actividad creadora y la función de la artista expresada en innumerables artículos y ensayos. La tesis está dividida en una introducción, y tres capítulos, más cuatro apartados dedicados a las conclusiones, la bibliografía, el catálogo de los escritos del compositor y la discografía. La introducción muestra las motivaciones que han inspirado la investigación: el estudio de la obra de Soler como continuador de su maestro Cristòfor Taltabull y la importancia de su propia obra vocal en el contexto actual. También en esta introducción se señalan los siguientes objetivos: 1. Estudio y análisis del pensamiento filosófico que sustenta la composición musical de Josep Soler. 2. Estudio y análisis de los tres sistemas compositivos de compositor: atonalismo, dodecatonismo, y uso del acorde del Tristán. 3. Elaboración del catálogo de todas las obras vocales del autor. El primer capítulo está dedicado al estado de la cuestión y se desarrolla con un análisis de todas las publicaciones y escritos dedicados a la obra del compositor separados en tres apartados principal 1. Artículos divulgativos publicados a revistas de divulgación cultural o periodísticos 2. Entrevistas. 3. Artículos de cariz científico o surgidos en el ámbito universitario. Este capítulo tiene como conclusiones las siguientes: 1. Josep Soler ha estado presente de una manera continuada en las publicaciones culturales, y ha merecido la atención de unos críticos que han puesto de relevo la consistencia de su música. 2. Que a lo largo de estos años su música no ha tenido cambios estilísticos importantes y esta continuidad se ha manifestado en los escritos de los críticos y musicólogos que han analizado su obra. 3. Que la idea de un músico religioso ha ido evolucionando hacia la idea de un músico a la búsqueda de la Trascendencia. 4. Si su música no ha sufrido cambios drásticos, su pensamiento tampoco y esto también se puede comprobar a lo largo de sus entrevistas. El segundo capítulo está dedicado al análisis de los sistemas compositivos empleados por el compositor: atonalismo, dodecafonismo y uso del acuerdo del Tristán. También hay una mención especial al uso de la teoría del Pitch-Class como método de análisis. El capítulo llega a las siguientes conclusiones: 1. El material base desde el cual surgen las obras de Soler es de una gran simplicidad: el intervalo de tritono en la música atonal, una sola serie pero con un tramado muy compacto y el acorde del Tristán presentado de forma clara o con pequeñas modificaciones: notas extrañas, carencia de alguna nota, u otras. 2. Composición directa sin esbozos, ni ideas preconcebidas, esquemas, ni planteamientos de estructura formal y armónica. 3. Elección de textos de gran calidad literaria y principalmente de autores no catalanes, ni españoles, en los últimos tiempos redescubierta de los textos de Verdaguer y Llull. 4. Tratamiento cuidadoso de la voz. Preferencia en los inicios por las voces agudas y ligeras. Ausencia casi total del registro de bajo en la música de lied. El tercer capítulo y núcleo central de la tesis es el catálogo de la obra vocal, no dramática, de Josep Soler, El catálogo es divide en dos apartados principales: obras con participación de coro, y obras sin participación de coro. El catálogo tiene una clara vocación para favorecer la interpretación y consta de los siguientes ítems: 1. Identificación de la obra por un número de catálogo. 2. Título de la obra. 3. Forma musical, principalmente lied, coro, cantata. 4. Instrumentación. Indicando todos los instrumentos de forma clara, y sin abreviaturas numéricas. 5. Duración. Normalmente proporcionada por el compositor. En el caso de haber sido grabada he utilizado la que consta en la grabación. 6. Idioma y texto. El texto no solamente las referencias del autor sino el texto completo puesto que algunos son de difícil acceso y el autor era muy arbitrario en las selecciones 7. Fecha de composición. 8. Manuscrito donde está localizado. 9. Publicación si hay. Tanto privada, hecha por un copista, como sí es comercial. 10. Estreno y circunstancias: fecha, lugar e intérpretes. 11. Grabación si hay comercial, privado o de alguna televisión o radio pública o privada. 12. Técnica compositiva. 13. Comentario. Si hay alguna característica o vicisitud de la composición que hay que destacar. 14. Por último bibliografía de la obra, del texto o alguna otra cuestión. Esta bibliografía por su especificidad muchas veces no está recogida a la bibliografía general. En uno de los apartados complementarios hay la traducción al catalán de los textos de las obras. Por último la tesis se complementa con una bibliografía, una discografía y un catálogo de los escritos del compositor. Las conclusiones finales de la tesis: 1. La actitud del compositor respecto al arte y la creación se vinculan al significado trascendente de éste. Desde sus inicios es reconocido como un compositor religioso. Sus manuscritos de los primeros años terminan con el lema Laus Deo. Pero la toma de conciencia, después de su paso por los jesuitas, lo llevan a abandonar el catolicismo y el cristianismo como instituciones sin perder el sentido trascendente de la existencia y de la obra artística. Su obra es un fiel reflejo de este pensamiento. Los autores elegidos para construir su obra vocal dan testimonio. La espiritualidad de Rilke, de Rumi, de Verdaguer de Llull. Las tres pasiones, la infinidad de motetes, los Responsorios son muestra de esta espiritualidad. 2. Originalidad y a la vez tradición en su lenguaje. Soler como culminación de la música del XIX y principios del XX. Su estimación por la tradición, por el contrapunto, por los grandes maestros de la época medieval, y su voluntad de expresar sentimientos con la música se conjugan en un lenguaje que se sitúa en el cruce de la destrucción de la tonalidad y del mundo que comportaba. 3. Es por esta razón anterior que su obra es un compendio de pensamiento y música de la Europa de principios de siglo, sin que esto suponga ni conservadurismo, ni progresismo, su música está en paralelo a lo que significó Bach al siglo XVIII, sin valoraciones cualitativas, sinó de significado, de fin de una época, compendio y apertura al futuro. 4. La invención del sistema del acorde del Tristán supone una innovación y a la vez un situarse en una expectativa de un futuro que desconoce. 5. La magnitud de la obra vocal no dramática compuesta por Soler reafirman su condición de compositor para la voz. La catalogación de su obra es una necesidad ineludible a la que intenta responder esta tesis convirtiéndose en su principal objetivo: la realización de un catálogo temático de la obra vocal no dramática.
Grau, Tarruell Maria. "La modalització: manifestacions de la subjectivitat lingüística en els discursos acadèmics orals i escrits." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4830.
Full textLa tesi s'emmarca en la lingüística de l'enunciació i, més concretament, pren com a referència alguns dels autors que han fet estudis entorn del concepte de subjectivitat lingüística. A partir d'aquestes idees generals, es defineix el terme modalització, un concepte pragmàtic que es refereix a les actuacions concretes dels parlants que produeixen enunciats en què deixen traces de la seva manera de pensar i de sentir, de les seves actituds. Es consideren cinc tipus de modalització que es poden tenir en compte en l'anàlisi discursiva:
- Modalització díctica: connectada amb la inscripció en el text dels interlocutors i amb les relacions que s'estableixen entre ells.
- Modalització epistèmica: connectada amb el grau de certesa.
- Modalització deòntica: connectada amb l'expressió de l'obligació.
- Modalització apreciativa: connectada amb l'expressió de judicis de valor.
- Modalització reflexiva: comentaris que l'enunciador fa de les seves paraules.
Vistos aquests tipus de modalització, es passa a elaborar una taxonomia de recursos lèxics, gramaticals, prosòdics, tipogràfics, etc. que són l'expressió més concreta de les actituds i la presa de posició del parlant. Per exemplificar els recursos que es presenten, s'utilitzen exemples extrets de diferents gèneres acadèmics, com classes, conferències, articles de divulgació, exàmens, redaccions o exposicions orals dels alumnes.
La recerca de la tesi és qualitativa (sense objectius estadístics), no delimitada pel que fa al nombre de textos analitzats, descriptiva (no prescriptiva) i oberta (estableix unes bases que es podrien utilitzar en recerques posteriors).
El treball ofereix:
- Una visió panoràmica d'un conjunt d'estudis rellevants sobre les manifestacions de la subjectivitat lingüística.
- Una proposta de definició i classificació del fenomen de la modalització aplicable a l'anàlisi dels discursos.
- Una justificació que supera la visió dicotòmica text objectiu-text subjectiu.
- Una explicació de com s'aconsegueix en els textos la il·lusió d'objectivitat.
- Una llista de procediments modalitzadors, acompanyada de l'anàlisi del paper que juguen en la creació d'una imatge del parlant.
It is a study that, considering that the speaking subject is the key element of the communication process and that when he speaks he interprets the world by means of his psychic character, intents to describe the different resources that allow him to show his attitudes openly (and to construct a text of those which are called subjective) or to disguise his attitudes (and to produce an apparently objective text).
The thesis is framed in the linguistics of enunciation and, specifically, it takes as a reference some authors who have done research regarding the concept of linguistic subjectivity.
From these general concepts, the concept of modalization is defined: a pragmatic concept that deals with the specific performances of those who speak and produce statements in which they leave prints of their way of thinking and feeling. Five types of modalization are considered:
- Deictic modalization: connected with the inscription in the text of the interlocutors and with the relations that develop among them.
- Epistemic modalization: connected with the degree of certainty.
- Deontic modalization: connected with the expression of obligation.
- Appreciative modalization: connected with the expression of judgments of value.
- Reflective modalization: comments that the speaker makes about his own words.
After this, an inventory of resources that are the expression of the attitudes and the position which the speaker adopts is given.
In order to exemplify these resources, examples belonging to different academic genres are given, such as classes, lectures, articles, student papers, etc.
The thesis contributes:
- An overall vision of important studies about the manifestation of linguistic subjectivity.
- A definition and classification proposal of modalization applicable to discourse analysis.
- A justification that surpasses the dichotomic vision objective text-subjective text.
- An explanation of how the illusion of objectivity is achieved in texts.
- A list of modalization procedures that create an image of the speaker.
Filho, Josà Humberto Carneiro Pinheiro. "Um lugar para o tempo dos letrados: leituras, leitores e a Biblioteca Provincial do Cearà na segunda metade do sÃculo XIX." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=12339.
Full textEm 1915, um dos romances mais lidos na Biblioteca Provincial do Cearà entre 1878 e 1887, A mulher adÃltera, do espanhol Enrique Perez Escrich, foi definido numa espÃcie de Ãndex como âuma obra indigna de um larâ. DefiniÃÃes como essa nÃo foram incomuns ao longo do sÃculo XIX quando se falava das histÃrias romanescas. Aqui, a leitura de um romance acontecia no meio de vÃrios impasses e interesses. Ou seja, consumir ficÃÃo impressa era uma prÃtica de muitos discursos cruzados. Por isso que falar dos usos histÃricos da leitura à contribuir para uma anÃlise da cultura do livro, seu lugar e significado numa determinada configuraÃÃo histÃrica. Nossa pesquisa discute as prÃticas de leitura na Biblioteca Provincial do Cearà na perspectiva de uma cartografia crÃtica do circuito das letras em Fortaleza nas Ãltimas dÃcadas do XIX.
In 1915, one of the most widely read novels in the Provincial Library of Cearà from 1878 to 1887, The Adulterous Woman, by the Spanish Enrique Perez Escrich, was defined, in a kind of index, as "an unworthy work for household". Definitions like that one were not uncommon during the XIX century, when there was talk of novelistic stories. At that time, reading a novel was done among several impasses and interests, that is, consuming fiction books was a practice discussed by many crossed speeches. That is why speaking about historical uses of reading is to contribute to an analyses of book culture and of its place and meaning in a particular historical situation. Our work discusses the reading practices in the Provincial Library of CearÃ, in the perspective of a critical mapping of books circuit in Fortaleza in the last decades of the XIX century.
Ribera, Aragüete Paulina. "La producció de gèneres escrits en alumnes de cinc anys: una perspectiva des de l'ensenyament." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de València, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/9626.
Full textThe aim of this research is to explore the production of textual genres written between children and teacher at the end of the nursery education. Our starting point is the existence of many intuitive or practice-derived proposals but little research on the topic in the available bibliography.Our work is located within the general framework of the contributions of the social interaction field. The historical and cultural origins of language, social exchanges, mediation between cultural knowledge and children's learning, the teacher's role, communication and discursive genres are keywords in our work.Through eight teachers chosen at random we investigated (1) the usual practices inside the classroom with regard to text usage and the teachers' representation of the topic and (2) the possibilities in a practical session developed from a proposal of ours, from which we would like to highlight the "dictation to an adult". Our objective was to contrast both aspects and observe the changes occurred when applying different proposals. We chose a qualitative methodology, following a microanalysis supported on three elements to obtain and examine the data: a) audio and video recordings; b) transcripts of the recordings; c) a detailed search for any sign of what we were trying to find in the discourse.Through the analysis of the results we found proof of the possibility, among others, of creating wide texts, whatever the children's knowledge of the writing system. It was also shown how the teachers' usual way of early teaching of written language can change when they have appropriate proposals and information at their disposal. Children are easily introduced to the complexity of writing on the basis of a communicative need and a project, and the tutelary role of the teacher.
Pitarch, Fernández Daniel. "Fatiga i èxtasi. Cossos, subjectivitats i cinemes als escrits publicats i inèdits de Jean Epstein." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673876.
Full textAquesta tesi doctoral estudia el pensament del cineasta i assagista Jean Epstein, centrant-se en el motiu del cos i l’organisme en els seus escrits i incorporant a l’objecte d’estudi la seva obra inèdita. L’obra escrita d’Epstein comença, a principis de la dècada de 1920 i abans que la filmogràfica, desenvolupant una particular teoria fisio-psico-sociològica sobre el seu món contemporani, en la qual el cos té una importància teòrica com a element relacionat amb la subjectivitat i sotmès a canvis històrics. Aquesta teoria influeix en el seu primer pensament cinematogràfic de la mateixa dècada i també es pot relacionar amb la importància del cos a la seva obra, no només com a objecte de reflexió, sinó com a motiu literari en la seva escriptura (importància que també es pot rastrejar a la seva filmografia). El primer capítol de la tesi estudia en detall aquest primer pensament d’Epstein. El segon situa aquest pensament en relació a una sèrie de discursos anteriors o contemporanis que permeten entendre d’on provenen algunes de les seves idees, així com adonar-se’n que no és una teoria excèntrica sinó imbricada en tradicions i discursos importants a finals del s. XIX i en les primeres dècades del XX. La tercera part de la tesi es centra en preguntar-se què perviu d’aquest primer pensament en l’obra escrita de maduresa d’Epstein, desenvolupada a finals de la dècada dels 40 i principi dels 50. En l’obra publicada s’operen una sèrie de desplaçaments amb els quals la importància del cos es veu atenuada i perd la seva centralitat. Però si s’incorpora l’obra inèdita es pot establir tant una continuïtat i pervivència de les idees dels anys 20, com l’eclosió d’aspectes presents en aquesta però no desenvolupats de manera central, com seria el cas de la sensualitat
Programa de Doctorat en Biologia Molecular, Biomedicina i Salut
Ruediger, Felipe Rydygier de. "Termografia Digital por Infravermelho do Escroto e Qualidade do Sêmen em Touros Nelore (Bos taurus indicus)." Universidade do Oeste Paulista, 2014. http://bdtd.unoeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/302.
Full textReproductive efficiency is one of factors for improving livestock production indices cutting factors. The contribution of the bull to the reproductive efficiency of the herd is of great importance. Bovine testes should be kept below the core body temperature for the production of morphologically viable, normal sperm. The scrotal and testicular thermoregulation is a system for maintaining the physiological temperature of the testicles. Infrared thermography is a noninvasive technique that is used to measure the surface temperature of the scrotum bulls. The objective of this work was to study the relationship of scrotal temperature on semen quality by use of infrared thermography in Nellore bulls bred extensively. 6 Nellore by performing scrotal thermography and semen collection every 10 days were used, totaling 36 ejaculates. Climatic data were collected through globe thermometer. The thermograms of the scrotum were obtained by digital infrared thermography and analyzed by software to the scrotal surface temperatures, the right and left sides, neck of the scrotum, dorsal thirds, middle, and ventral of the testes and cauda epididymis. We conducted ejaculates through electroejaculation for analysis of quantitative and qualitative characteristics. For the data, we used analysis of variance and subsequently applied the Tukey test at 5%, and Pearson correlation. There was a positive correlation between sperm motility and the temperatures of the scrotum; between concentration and temperature of the scrotum; between climatic factors and rectal temperature. There was a negative correlation between temperature and sperm concentration (p <0.05). There was no correlation between the climatic data, and temperatures between the scrotum and rectal temperature and temperature of the scrotum. It was concluded that the surface temperatures of the scrotum and climatic factors, temperature and humidity, influence the quality of semen. Thermography is recommended as a complementary test in the evaluation of reproductive bulls.
A eficiência reprodutiva é um dos fatores determinantes para melhorar os índices zootécnicos da pecuária de corte. A contribuição do touro para a eficiência reprodutiva do rebanho é de grande importância. Os testículos bovinos devem ser mantidos abaixo da temperatura corporal central, para a produção de espermatozoides morfologicamente viáveis, normais. A termorregulação escrotal e testicular é um sistema de manutenção da temperatura fisiológica dos testículos. A termografia infravermelha é uma técnica não invasiva que é utilizada para medir a temperatura da superfície escrotal em touros. O objetivo deste trabalho, foi de estudar a relação da temperatura do escroto sobre a qualidade seminal pelo uso da termografia por infravermelho em touros Nelore criados extensivamente. Foram utilizados 6 touros Nelore realizando-se termografia escrotal e colheita de sêmen a cada 10 dias, totalizando 36 ejaculados. Os dados climáticos foram coletados por meio de globo termômetro. Os termogramas do escroto foram obtidos por meio de termografia digital de infravermelho e analisados por meio de software para as temperaturas da superfície escrotal, dos lados direito e esquerdo, colo do escroto, terços dorsal, médio, e ventral dos testículos e cauda do epidídimo. Efetuou-se colheitas de sêmen, por meio de eletroejaculação para analise das características quantitativas e qualitativas. Para os dados, utilizou-se análise de variância e posteriormente aplicou-se o teste de Tukey a 5%, e correlação linear de Pearson. Houve correlação positiva entre motilidade espermática e as temperaturas do escroto; entre concentração, e as temperaturas do escroto; entre os fatores climáticos e temperatura retal. Houve correlação negativa entre temperatura ambiente e concentração espermática (p<0,05). Não houve correlação entre os dados climáticos, e as temperaturas do escroto e entre temperatura retal e as temperaturas do escroto. Concluiu-se que as temperaturas da superfície do escroto e os fatores climáticos, temperatura e umidade do ar, influenciaram na qualidade do sêmen. A termografia é recomendada como exame complementar na avaliação reprodutiva de touros.
Rodríguez, Esteban Juan Carlos. "Un nou retrat de Santiago Rusiñol a través dels seus escrits a l'Esquella de la Torratxa." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671871.
Full textEl objetivo principal de la tesis es ampliar la difusión de la vertiente literaria de Santiago Rusiñol en Cataluña y en el resto del Estado, así como profundizar en el conocimiento del artista. Para ello se ha realizado, por primera vez, una recopilación de los 943 escritos de Santiago Rusiñol en L'Esquella de la Torratxa en formato editable. Estos se han clasificado sistemáticamente, integrado en una base de datos temática y complementado con comentarios de contexto. El análisis transversal posterior de los temas con novedades más relevantes ha permitido la creación de un nuevo retrato del artista (10 facetas). Dos factores especialmente significativos han sido la influencia genealógica en el personaje y en su literatura y la detección de escritos apócrifos para evitar cualquier contaminación ideológica. También se ha tratado la relación del artista con los temas: dinero, mujeres, ciencia, progreso, toros, religión, Noucentisme, Rusiñol en estado puro, aforismo y Aranjuez. Finalmente, se han traducido todos los escritos al castellano.
The main objective of the thesis is to enhance the diffusion of the literary facet of Santiago Rusiñol in Catalonia and the rest of Spain, as well as to deepen the understanding of the artist. To achieve this target, the 943 writings of Santiago Rusiñol in L’Esquella de la Torratxa have been collected, for the first time, in an editable format. They have been systematically classified, integrated into a thematic database and supplemented with contextual comments. Subsequent cross-sectional analysis of the most relevant topics has led to the creation of a new portrait of the artist (10 facets). Two particularly significant factors have been the genealogical influence on the individual and his literature, and the detection of apocryphal writings to avoid any ideological contamination. The artist's relationship with the subjects: money, women, science, progress, bulls, religion, Noucentisme, Rusiñol in its purest form, aphorisms and Aranjuez has also been discussed. Finally, all the writings have been translated into Spanish.
Programa de Doctorat: Traducció, Gènere i Estudis Culturals
Rapp, Stefan. "Escrowvereinbarungen in der Insolvenz ein Beitrag zur Sicherung von IT-Investitionen." Hamburg Kovač, 2007. http://www.verlagdrkovac.de/978-3-8300-2939-7.htm.
Full textGarcia, Rodrigo Maselli Thom? "Fatores associados ao atraso no tratamento da s?ndrome do escroto agudo em crian?as e adolescentes." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, 2018. http://tede.bibliotecadigital.puc-campinas.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/1090.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2018-05-04T14:27:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RODRIGO MASELLI THOM? GARCIA.pdf: 1139747 bytes, checksum: 918a44a313fb8cf1d56fef9b097af761 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-28
Introduction: Acute Scrotum Syndrome is a medical emergency. Some children and adolescents cannot be cared for by a specialist or accustomed to this pathological condition of the acute scrotum, especially torsion of the spermatic cord, also called testicular torsion. Delays in care, misinformation by patients, family members or healthcare professionals can cause irreversible damage to the patient. Objective: to correlate factors that delayed the diagnosis and treatment of acute scrotal syndrome with loss of testis. Method: The charts of 127 patients from March 2007 to May 2017 were analyzed in the Patient Record Services of Hospital e Maternidade Celso Pierro. Patients who underwent surgery are included in the study (n = 71). Patients with incomplete records, age greater than 18 years or who did not undergo surgical treatment were not included in the study (n = 56). Exploratory data analysis was performed through descriptive measures (mean, standard deviation, minimum, median, maximum, frequency and percentage). Orchiectomy and orchidopexy groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney test (age, distance from the house to the hospital, time of symptoms and time in the Hospital e Maternidade Celso Pierro) or Qui-Square (race, agreement, side affected and pr?-hospital care). Factors related to orchiectomy were assessed through Logistic Regression. In the multiple analysis, the variable selection criterion used was stepwise. The level of significance was 5%. Results: Among the 71 patients diagnosed with Acute Scrotum Syndrome undergoing surgery, 22 (31%) were between 0 and 12 years of age and 49 (69%) were older than 12 years. It was evidenced that there is significant difference between the groups for the variables that measure time. The time of symptoms and time of Hospital e Maternidade Celso Pierro is greater for the orchidectomy group. For the other variables, no significant differences were found between groups. The group of patients most submitted to orchiectomy are non-white patients, with no private medical insurance, right testicle affected and without pr?- hospital care. On the other hand, the group of patients most submitted to orchidopexy are the whites, also without private medical care or pre-hospital care and the affected left testicle. The 1 hour increase in symptom time increases the chance of orchiectomy by 4%. The 1 hour increase in Hospital e Maternidade Celso Pierro increases the chance of orchiectomy by 0.2%. Conclusion: Elapsed time of symptoms remains the main factor associated with loss of the testis in Acute Scrotum Syndrome and torsion of the spermatic cord. Even without data with statistical significance, we can also conclude that this study showed that patients with more than 12 years of age, not white, with right side affected, without private medical care and pr?-hospital care are the most submitted to orchiectomy.
Introdu??o: a S?ndrome do Escroto Agudo configura uma emerg?ncia m?dica. Algumas crian?as e adolescentes n?o conseguem ser atendidas por um profissional especializado ou habituado nessa condi??o patol?gica do escroto agudo em especial a Tor??o do Cord?o Esperm?tico, muito chamada tamb?m de tor??o testicular. A demora no atendimento e tratamento desses pacientes, desinforma??o dos pr?prios pacientes, familiares ou profissionais da ?rea da sa?de podem causar danos irrevers?veis ao test?culo. Objetivo: correlacionar fatores que atrasaram o diagn?stico e tratamento da s?ndrome do escroto agudo com a perda do test?culo. M?todo: os prontu?rios de 127 pacientes desde mar?o de 2007 a maio de 2017 foram analisados nos Servi?os de Prontu?rio de Pacientes do Hospital e Maternidade Celso Pierro. Os pacientes que foram submetidos ? cirurgia est?o inclusos no estudo (n=71). Pacientes com prontu?rios incompletos, idade maior que 18 anos ou que n?o foram submetidos ao tratamento cir?rgico n?o foram inclu?dos no estudo (n=56). Foi realizada an?lise explorat?ria de dados atrav?s de medidas descritivas (m?dia, desvio padr?o, m?nimo, mediana, m?ximo, frequ?ncia e porcentagem). Os grupos de orquiectomia e orquidopexia foram comparados atrav?s do teste de MannWhitney (idade, dist?ncia da casa at? o hospital, tempo de sintomas e tempo no Hospital e Maternidade Celso Pierro) ou Qui-Quadrado (etnia, conv?nio, lado acometido e atendimento pr?-hospitalar). Os fatores relacionados ? orquiectomia foram avaliados atrav?s de Regress?o Log?stica. Na an?lise m?ltipla o crit?rio de sele??o de vari?veis usado foi o stepwise. O n?vel de signific?ncia adotado foi de 5%. Resultados: Entre os 71 pacientes avaliados com o diagn?stico de S?ndrome do Escroto Agudo submetidos ? cirurgia, 22 deles (31%) tem idades entre 0 e 12 anos e 49 (69%) tem idades maior que 12 anos. Evidenciou-se que existe diferen?a significativa entre os grupos para as vari?veis que medem tempo. O tempo de sintomas e tempo de Hospital e Maternidade Celso Pierro ? maior para o grupo de orquiectomia. Para as demais vari?veis n?o foram encontradas diferen?as significativas entre os grupos. O grupo de pacientes mais submetidos ? orquiectomia s?o os n?o brancos, sem conv?nio m?dico particular, test?culo direito acometido e sem atendimento pr?-hospitalar. J? o grupo de pacientes mais submetidos ? orquidopexia s?o os brancos, tamb?m sem conv?nio m?dico particular ou atendimento pr?-hospitalar e test?culo esquerdo acometido. O aumento em uma hora no tempo de sintomas aumenta a chance de orquiectomia em 4%. O aumento em 1 hora no tempo de Hospital e Maternidade Celso Pierro aumenta a chance de orquiectomia em 0,2%. Conclus?o: o tempo decorrido de sintomas ainda permanece o principal fator associado ? perda do test?culo na S?ndrome do Escroto Agudo e Tor??o do Cord?o Esperm?tico. Mesmo sem dados com signific?ncia estat?stica, podemos concluir tamb?m que esse estudo mostrou que os pacientes com mais de 12 anos, n?o branco, com lado direito acometido, sem conv?nio m?dico particular e atendimento pr?-hospitalar s?o os mais submetidos ? orquiectomia.
Rubidoux, Molly A. "Statement on Standards for Attestation Engagements 16: An Examination of the Escrow Industry in California." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1242.
Full textSoplin, Montoya Gabriel Raul, and Ponte Liliana Mariela Herrera. "El Fideicomiso de Titulización y su impacto en la Gestión Financiera en las empresas del Sector Agrícola de Piura, año 2017." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/628113.
Full textThe objective of this thesis research is to determine the viability of structuring the Securitization Trust, and its impact on financial management in the Agricultural Sector companies of the year 2017, for this it is essential to identify the financing alternatives that exist in The market, compare them, and opt for the best financing alternative. The present study is grouped by five chapters, which are mentioned below: Chapter I Theoretical Framework, an investigation is carried out through diverse primary sources, where the dimensions and factors of the patrimonies in trust, its structuring and scopes are defined; and an analysis of financing alternatives that exist in the market. Chapter II Research plan, the problematic situation of the thesis is formulated, the main problem, specific problems, general objective and specific objectives, the initial hypothesis and specific hypotheses. Chapter III Research methodology population was defined, the sample for quantitative and qualitative research. Chapter IV Research Development, the research of our thesis was carried out through an in-depth interview with subject experts, questions and the development of the practical case. Chapter V Analysis of Results, the analysis of the instruments and the practical case is elaborated. It concludes with the validation of the general and specific hypothesis based on the results obtained in the crossed tables and the square CHI.
Tesis
Portugal, Elói dos Santos [UNESP]. "Termografia e ultrassonografia Doppler do plexo pampiniforme e termografia do escroto de touros: correlação com a qualidade do sêmen." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/121877.
Full textO Brasil possui o maior rebanho bovino comercial do mundo e chegou a 212,8 milhões de cabeças em 2011. Foram comercializadas 12,3 milhões de doses de sêmen bovino em 2012. O efetivo de fêmeas bovinas em idade reprodutiva é 61,4 milhões e a utilização de duas doses de sêmen por vaca estima-se que 10% do rebanho nacional está sendo inseminado. A fertilidade é uma importante característica nos sistemas produtivos e o macho de grande importância. Utilizando a termografia infravermelha (TIV) e ultrassonografia Doppler a termorregulação e o fluxo sanguíneo foram avaliados em touros. Dois grupos de seis touros foram avaliados por um ano e os dados obtidos da termografia – temperatura global do plexo (TGP), temperatura global do escroto (TGE), temperatura do plexo esquerdo (TPE), temperatura do plexo direito (TPD), temperatura do escroto esquerdo (TEE), temperatura do escroto direito (TED) e da ultrassonografia Doppler – velocidade sistólica máxima (VSM), velocidade diastólica final (VDF), índice de pulsatilidade (IP), índice de resistência (IR) e a temperatura ambiental (TA) foram correlacionados com os espermogramas. Foram observadas correlações positivas e negativas entre as variáveis da TIV e US Doppler com as variáveis dos espermogramas e conclui-se que a TIV permite a observação de alterações precoces da temperatura do plexo e escroto; a US Doppler demonstrou correlações entre a VDF, IR e IP com qualidade do sêmen; de acordo com este estudo touros com qualidade de sêmen superior apresentaram menor impedância vascular das artérias testiculares
Brazil has the largest commercial cattle herd in the world and reached 212,8 million head in 2011. 12,3 million doses of bovine semen were sold in 2012. Effective from cows of reproductive age is 61,4 million and the use of two doses of semen per cow is estimated that 10 % of the national herd is being inseminated. Fertility is an important feature in production systems and the bull has great importance. Using infrared thermography (IRT) and Doppler ultrasonography thermoregulation and blood flow were evaluated in bulls. Two groups of six bulls were evaluated for a year and the data of thermography - global temperature plexus (GTP), global temperature of the scrotum (GTE), temperature of the left plexus (TLP), temperature of the right plexus (TRP), temperature the left scrotum (TLE), temperature of the right scrotum (TRE) and Doppler ultrasonography - peak systolic velocity (PSV ), end diastolic velocity (EDV), pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI) and room temperature (RT) were correlated with semen analyzes. Positive and negative correlations were found between the variables of IRT and US Doppler variables of semen analyzes and concludes that IRT allows observation of early changes of the plexus and scrotal temperature; Doppler US demonstrated correlations between EDV, RI and IP with semen quality; according to this study bulls with superior quality of semen showed lower vascular impedance of the testicular arteries
Portugal, Elói dos Santos. "Termografia e ultrassonografia Doppler do plexo pampiniforme e termografia do escroto de touros : correlação com a qualidade do sêmen /." Jaboticabal, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/121877.
Full textBanca: Lindsay Unno Gimenez
Banca: Cezinande Meira
Banca: Gilson Hélio Toniollo
Banca: Lúcia Helena Rodrigues
Resumo: O Brasil possui o maior rebanho bovino comercial do mundo e chegou a 212,8 milhões de cabeças em 2011. Foram comercializadas 12,3 milhões de doses de sêmen bovino em 2012. O efetivo de fêmeas bovinas em idade reprodutiva é 61,4 milhões e a utilização de duas doses de sêmen por vaca estima-se que 10% do rebanho nacional está sendo inseminado. A fertilidade é uma importante característica nos sistemas produtivos e o macho de grande importância. Utilizando a termografia infravermelha (TIV) e ultrassonografia Doppler a termorregulação e o fluxo sanguíneo foram avaliados em touros. Dois grupos de seis touros foram avaliados por um ano e os dados obtidos da termografia - temperatura global do plexo (TGP), temperatura global do escroto (TGE), temperatura do plexo esquerdo (TPE), temperatura do plexo direito (TPD), temperatura do escroto esquerdo (TEE), temperatura do escroto direito (TED) e da ultrassonografia Doppler - velocidade sistólica máxima (VSM), velocidade diastólica final (VDF), índice de pulsatilidade (IP), índice de resistência (IR) e a temperatura ambiental (TA) foram correlacionados com os espermogramas. Foram observadas correlações positivas e negativas entre as variáveis da TIV e US Doppler com as variáveis dos espermogramas e conclui-se que a TIV permite a observação de alterações precoces da temperatura do plexo e escroto; a US Doppler demonstrou correlações entre a VDF, IR e IP com qualidade do sêmen; de acordo com este estudo touros com qualidade de sêmen superior apresentaram menor impedância vascular das artérias testiculares
Abstract: Brazil has the largest commercial cattle herd in the world and reached 212,8 million head in 2011. 12,3 million doses of bovine semen were sold in 2012. Effective from cows of reproductive age is 61,4 million and the use of two doses of semen per cow is estimated that 10 % of the national herd is being inseminated. Fertility is an important feature in production systems and the bull has great importance. Using infrared thermography (IRT) and Doppler ultrasonography thermoregulation and blood flow were evaluated in bulls. Two groups of six bulls were evaluated for a year and the data of thermography - global temperature plexus (GTP), global temperature of the scrotum (GTE), temperature of the left plexus (TLP), temperature of the right plexus (TRP), temperature the left scrotum (TLE), temperature of the right scrotum (TRE) and Doppler ultrasonography - peak systolic velocity (PSV ), end diastolic velocity (EDV), pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI) and room temperature (RT) were correlated with semen analyzes. Positive and negative correlations were found between the variables of IRT and US Doppler variables of semen analyzes and concludes that IRT allows observation of early changes of the plexus and scrotal temperature; Doppler US demonstrated correlations between EDV, RI and IP with semen quality; according to this study bulls with superior quality of semen showed lower vascular impedance of the testicular arteries
Doutor
Machado, Thiago Peixoto. "Avaliação do desenvolvimento testicular de touros da raça nelore por modelos mistos não lineares." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2018. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/22415.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Um dos principais obstáculos do sucesso na exploração de gado de corte é a eficiência reprodutiva. A mensuração do perímetro escrotal (PE) é uma característica importante para selecionar touros mais precoces. O PE, volume dos testículos, peso testicular, idade entre outras mensurações possuem correlações altas e positivas (r=0,92). O crescimento testicular é representado por uma curva sigmoide. No presente estudo modelos não-lineares mistos foram utilizados para descrever a medida longitudinal do PE de bovinos da raça Nelore. As comparações dos modelos foram baseadas no critério de informação de Akaike, no critério de informação Bayesiana, na soma dos erros, no Coeficiente de Determinação ajustado (R2) e na porcentagem de convergência. Sequencialmente, o melhor modelo foi utilizado para comparar a curva de crescimento do PE em touros classificados de forma divergente e de acordo com o PE dos 18 aos 21 meses de idade. Para isso, os touros foram classificados em cinco grupos: PE <28cm; 28cm ≤ PE <30cm, 30cm ≤ PE <32cm, 32cm ≤ PE <34cm e PE ≥ 34cm. O modelo de Michaelis-Menten mostrou o melhor ajuste de acordo com os critérios mencionados. Neste modelo, β1 é o valor assintótico do PE e β2 é uma constante de integração e pode estar relacionado à precocidade sexual. Parâmetros das curvas de crescimento individuais estimadas foram usados para criar um novo conjunto de dados para avaliar o efeito da classificação, fazendas e ano de nascimento nos parâmetros β1 e β2. Os touros do maior grupo de PE apresentaram maior PE previsto ao longo de todos os períodos analisados; no entanto, o grupo de menor PE apresentou PE semelhantes aos grupos de PE intermediários (28cm ≤ SC <32cm), por volta de 1200 dias de idade. Nesse contexto, os touros classificados como inaptos para a reprodução dos 18 aos 21 meses de idade podem atingir condições semelhantes às consideradas como boas condições. Em termos de classificação, dos 18 aos 21 meses, o valor assintótico foi semelhante entre os grupos, fazendas e anos de nascimento; no entanto, os β2 diferiram entre os grupos, indicando que as diferenças nas curvas de crescimento estão relacionadas à precocidade sexual. Desse modo, a seleção baseada no PE com idades muito precoces podem levar ao descarte de touros com potencial reprodutivo à idade adulta.
One of the main obstacles to success in harvesting beef cattle is reproductive efficiency. The measurement of the scrotal perimeter (PE) is an important characteristic to select earlier bulls. The PE, testis volume, testicular weight, age among other measurements showed high and positive correlations (r = 0.92) due to high repeatability. Testicular growth is represented by a sigmoid curve. Mixed nonlinear models were used to describe the longitudinal measurement of PE of Nellore cattle. The model comparisons were based on the Akaike information criterion, the Bayesian information criterion, the sum of the squares, the adjusted coefficient of determination (R2) and the convergence percentage. Sequentially, the best model was used to compare the PE growth curve in bulls classified differently and according to EP from 18 to 21 months of age. For this, the bulls were classified into five groups: PE <28cm; 28cm ≤ PE <30cm, 30cm ≤ PE <32cm, 32cm ≤ PE <34cm and PE ≤ 34cm. The Michaelis- Menten model showed the best fit according to the mentioned criteria. In this model, β1 is the asymptotic value of PE and β2 is an integration constant and may be related to sexual precocity. Parameters of the estimated individual growth curves were used to create a new data set to evaluate the effect of the classification, farms and year of birth on the parameters β1 and β2. The bulls of the largest group of PE presented higher PE predicted over all the analyzed periods; however, the group of lower PE presented PE similar to the groups of intermediate PE (28cm ≤ SC <32cm), around 1200 days of age. In this context, bulls classified as unfit for reproduction from 18 to 21 months of age may reach conditions similar to those considered as good conditions. In terms of classification, from 18 to 21 months, asymptotic PE was similar between groups, farms and years; However, β2 differed between groups, indicating that differences in growth curves are related to sexual precocity. In summary, it appears that selection based on PE at very early ages can lead to the discard of bulls with reproductive potential in adulthood.
Simões, alves Sabrina. "Roles of the Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport (ESCRTs) in the biogenesis of Lysosome Related Organelles." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05T007.
Full textMelanosomes are Lysosome Related Organelles of pigment cells in which melanin pigments are synthesized and stored. Melanosome biogenesis proceeds through a sequential process in which an unpigmented precursor matures into a melanin containing melanosome that remains distinct from lysosomes. This process requires morphogenetic and structural modifications of endosomal intermediates accompanied by inter-organellar transport of melanocyte-specific components required for melanosome structure and pigment synthesis. The aim of my PhD project was to better understand how ubiquitous mechanisms of endosomal sorting and intracellular transport operate in the modulation of the endosomal system to generate melanosomes. In this context, I have investigated the function of different endosomal sorting machineries, such as the Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport (ESCRTs) and Tetraspanins. Using a combination of biochemical and morphological methods, I have shown that the sorting of the premelanosomal protein Pmel17 into endosomes was not only independent of ESCRT-0/I but also of functional ESCRT-II/III complexes. Moreover, I have contributed to the studies revealing the Tetraspanin CD63 as a key component of an ESCRT-independent mechanism operating in the sorting of Pmel17 in melanocytes. My data also revealed that the melanogenic enzyme Tyrp1 is delivered to melanosomes via endosomal intermediates, process that requires the function of ESCRT-I/III complexes. My PhD work contributed to a better understanding of the process of melanosome biogenesis and highlight how ubiquitous mechanisms of trafficking are exploited to generate a highly specialized organelle, the melanosome
Giralt, Soler Sebastià. "Decus Arnaldi. Estudis entorn dels escrits de medicina pràctica, l'ocultisme i la pervivència del corpus atribuït a Arnau de Vilanova." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/5542.
Full textLa primera part estudia quatre consilia, tal com s'anomenaven en l'edat mitjana els textos mèdics que contenien tractaments per a malalts determinats. Són els titulats Regimen podagre, Regimen quartane, Cura febris ethice i Epistola ad Bremundum Montisferrarii. De tots ells se n'estudien l'estructura, la funció sociomèdica, així com la possible autoria arnaldiana sobretot a partir del fonament de la tradició textual i dels continguts paral·lels d'altres obres ja autentificades. D'un dels opuscles, el Regimen quartane, se'n dóna l'edició crítica i la traducció. Finalment s'intenta arribar a certes conclusions al voltant del gènere del consilium en el marc de la literatura mèdica baixmedieval i de la medicina pràctica d'Arnau i del galenisme coetani.
La segona part aborda quatre tractats atribuïts a Arnau que versen sobre malalties específiques: el Tractatus contra calculum, el Regimen contra catarrum, el De tremore cordis i el De epilentia. Es demostra que els quatre pertanyen a una tradició textual comuna i es remunten al mateix origen: en realitat són obra del metge genovès Galvano da Levanto.
La tercera part té com a punt de partida el De reprobacione nigromantice ficcionis, un opuscle escrit sens dubte per Arnau, del qual es dóna l'edició crítica i la traducció. Es tracta d'una quaestio contra la nigromància, en la qual s'usa el mètode escolàstic per negar la possibilitat que ningú domini el demoni. A partir del seu contingut s'intenten descobrir les fonts màgiques emprades per l'autor i s'estudien les concepcions sobre la nigromància i la màgia natural, en especial en la teologia i la filosofia natural del segle XIII, la discussió sobre els límits entre ambdues i les mesures basades en l'astrologia i en les propietates ocultes aplicades per Arnau en les seves intervencions terapèutiques. També se n'intenta destriar l'autèntica figura i obra del mite de l'Arnau mag que les va embolcallar.
A mode d'epíleg, la quarta part tracta de la pervivència de conjunt del corpus arnaldià en l'era moderna.
Under the title of Decus Arnaldi I have gathered several works dealing with the medical and natural-philosophical corpus attributed to Arnau de Vilanova (c. 1240-1311). Three of these works study a number of writings on practical medicine and occultism, while the last one approach the survival of the Arnaldian corpus. The introduction is a state of question about Arnau's life and work and the "Arnaldian question".
The first part is concerned with four consilia, i. e. medieval medical texts that expounded treatments for specific patients. They are entitled Regimen podagre, Regimen quartane, Cura febris ethice and Epistola ad Bremundum Montisferrarii. The structure and sociomedical function of all of them are studied, as well as their possible authenticity especially on the basis of their textual tradition and the contents that they share with other genuine works by Arnau. Critical edition and translation of one of these writings, the Regimen quartane, are also included. Finally I have tried to give some conclusions about the consilium genre within the framework of medical literature of late Middle Ages and the practical medicine executed by Arnau and the contemporaneous Galenism.
The second part studies four tracts attributed to Arnau dealing with specific illnesses: Tractatus contra calculum, Regimen contra catarrum, De tremore cordis and De epilentia. As it is demonstrated here, four of them belong to a common textual tradition and have the same origin: in fact they are works by Genovese physician Galvano da Levanto.
The third part starts from the De reprobacione nigromantice ficcionis, here critically edited and translated. It is a quaestio against nigromancy, written without doubt by Arnau. It uses the scholastic method in order to deny the possibility that anybody dominate the devil. From its contents I try to find out the magical sources used by the author I study the ideas about nigromancy and natural magic, especially in the theology and the natural philosophy of the thirteenth century, the discussion about borderlines between both kinds of magic and the measures based on astrology and occult properties applied by Arnau in his therapeutical interventions. In addition I have tried to clear up his authentic figure and work from the myth of magus that involved them.
As an epilogue, the fourth part deals with the survival of the whole Arnaldian corpus in the Modern Ages.
Mahul, Anne-Laure. "Alix, un lien entre la voie endolysosomale et la mort cellulaire." Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10097.
Full textAlix is an adaptor protein involved in the regulation of the endolysosomal system through binding to endophilins and CIN85, proteins involved in the receptor endocytosis and to ESCRl proteins invoJved in the endosomal function. Several observations suggest a role for Alix in controlling neuronal cell death through its interaction with ALG-2 protein. I wanted to test whether Alix may influence cell death of motoneurons (MTN) in vivo. The C-terminal part of Alix (Alix-CT) prevents carly programmed cell death (PCD) in cervical MTN at day 4,5 of chick embryo development. This effect depends 00 the Alix-Cr interaction with ALG-2 and F:SCR'r-I protein. Our resuJts suggest thar rhe interaction of the ALG-2! A!ix complex with r:SCRr proteins is necessary for the naturaIJy occurring death of M'T'N. Therefore, Alix!ALG-2 complex could make a link betwcen endosomcs and a signalling or an execution step of neuronal death. 1 have shown that the delerion of CIN85 binding site, a protein iovolved in the TNFR 1 endoeytosis, in Alix-Cr tota!!y aboJished the capacity of the latter to block rhe carly death of MTN in vivo. 1 have !iJund evidenee thar Alix funetions downstream of the dl'ath-inducing rl'cepror TNFR J, both in early MT'N dcath in (}J'O and ill vitro in cultured eells induced to die by TNFR! overcxpression, 1 have shown tha! A!ix! ALG-2 comp!ex interacts with 'rNFRJ localized on endo. ;omes. Alix, togeth. ::r with ALG-2 seems to help recruiting and activating elements of the death machinery such as caspase 8 onto "death-inducing endosomes" containing activated TNFR 1
Burga, Campos Esteban, Salas Kenneth Orlando Escalante, Cruz Elizabeth Giulianna Hinostroza, and López Richard Salazar. "Fideicomiso de titulización para Inversión en Renta en Bienes Raíces “Fibra”." Master's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/626427.
Full textIn Peru, there has been an economic slowdown that has affected the growth of the construction sector, if we add to this the lack of management for infrastructure projects due to the lack of capacity of the authorities on duty, this slowdown in the country has affected the public sector as private generated by corruption scandals in the country. Despite this adverse climate, the country maintains a stable economy and a positive growth projection. It is very important for the government to boost economic growth through infrastructure development and investment generation, which is why it has created a series of measures that generate new forms of real estate investment through the stock market. Thus, since 2016, it has been publishing a series of regulations that create and regulate the Securitization Trusts for Real Estate Investment Investment (FIBRA), which in other countries are known as REITs. With the development of this research work we will announce this new form of alternative financing for real estate investment called FIBRA, which democratizes the real estate sector, in addition to offering a series of tax benefits for investors and for property owners, who can convert their property into a liquid asset and diversify their investment.
Trabajo de investigación
Eksteen, Lambertus Lochner. "An investigation into source code escrow as a controlling measure for operational risk contained in business critical software." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95629.
Full textThis research report outlines corporate governance and information technology risk management frameworks and the use of software escrow within a holistic enterprise risk management strategy to maintain business continuity. Available risk mitigation tools and frameworks were analysed including the use of software escrow as an information technology risk mitigation tool and continuity instrument. The primary researched problem relates to how organisations can ensure business continuity through managing the risks surrounding business-critical software applications. Software escrow was identified in the literature review as a risk management tool used to mitigate operational risks residing in the licencing of mission-critical software applications. The primary research question is: “How can source code escrow contribute towards business continuity by limiting risks contained in licensed business critical software applications?” This study found that an escrow agreement ensures an end-user access to licenced mission-critical intellectual property in the event of the owner’s insolvency, acquisition or breach of maintenance agreements and thereby ensures continuity. The following secondary research questions were also answered: “What types of operational risks will be minimised using software escrow?” and “What constitutes an effective source code agreement in South Africa?” The research identified that the main driver for escrow was operational risk of a mission-critical system failure due to maintenance and upgrades not taking place. The reasons identified included insolvency of the software supplier, acquisition of the supplier, loss of key resources (developers) and breach of maintenance or development agreements. The research also identified some limitations to the application of escrow and the reasons for some agreements not being executed. Key escrow contract quality criteria were identified which ensure an effective agreement under South African law. The following essential quality criteria were found to improve the efficiency of execution of the escrow contract: - Frequency and quality of deposits; - Deposit verification to ensure usability of material post release; and - Well-defined release trigger events to avoid legal disputes regarding what constitutes a release. Case studies highlighted the main risks that drive the creation of escrow agreements and identified limitations to the execution of some escrow agreements. The software end-user operational risks mitigated by the use of escrow included: - Continued use of the software despite vendor bankruptcy; - Reducing the dependency on the supplier for maintenance and support of the software Safeguarding critical business processes; and - Return on investment (software implementation, hardware and training of staff). It was concluded that, despite the legal and practical complexities concerned with escrow, it remains the best instrument to ensure continuity when relying on licensed intellectual property used for business-critical functions and processes. Software escrow is therefore a vital component of a well-formulated license agreement to ensure access to mission-critical technology (including all related intellectual property) under pre-defined conditions of release to the end-user (licensee). In the event of a release, the escrow agent gives the end-user access to the deposited source code and related materials for the purposes of business continuity only and in no way affects the ownership rights of the supplier/owner.
Querol, San Abdon Jordi. "L’art de la falconeria a la Corona d’Aragó durant la baixa edat mitjana: edició i estudi dels tractats escrits en català." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666811.
Full textThe small corpus of falconry treatises written in Catalan in the Crown of Aragon during the Late Middle Ages allows us to study the theoretical side of this art in the aforementioned context. After editing and studying all the accessible preserved treatises, the results of research on those considered precedent within our tradition have now been made public, postponing the rest for their postdoctoral publication to shorten the length of this essay. For this reason, the PhD thesis is focused on: the Tractat de medicina per a tots els ocells de caça, which bears witness to the Arabic tradition, probably taking root in the Ġiṭrif, the oldest preserved example from that one, by means of direct access, that is to say, by translation from Arabic into Catalan; the Llibre del rei Dancus and the Llibret del mestre falconer, our particular Dancus-Guillelmus binomial, with a chain of transmissions that could link with the Eastern tradition by means of the Latin intermediary; the Llibre del nodriment i de la cura dels ocells els quals pertanyen a caça or Epístola d’Àquila, Símacus i Teodosi a Ptolemeu, emperador d’Egipte, translation of the Epistola ad Ptolomeum –a XIIth century treatise according to the historiography– with two Catalan examples preserved, despite the fact that there were more at that time, a text that allows us to connect with the encyclopaedist path and to offer some particularities of the Iberian Peninsula (Juan Gil de Zamora) and perhaps the territories of the Crown of Aragon; the Herbes de les cures, a corrupted text produced and transmitted within the Catalan tradition and key to understanding the transmission of the foregoing; and the Flors de les receptes medicinals per a ocells de caça, the example of compilation from Latin treatises (such as the Doctrina nutritionis accipitrum) and of the selective use of the encyclopaedist source (such as the De falconibus by Albertus Magnus) in a didactical project. The PhD thesis consists of three volumes: the first, with an introduction to the subject and a first part with the materials and methods, a second one with the individualized study of the treatises, and a third one with the history of the texts and an overall study of the treatises, including the content from the thematical index (zoology, falconry and medicine); the second one, with the editions and the complementary notes; and the third one with the lexical material (technical vocabulary of the art of falconry, glossary of simple and compound medicines and glossary of proper names).
Evripidis, Romanidis. "Lawful Interception and Countermeasures : In the era of Internet Telephony." Thesis, KTH, Kommunikationssystem, CoS, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-91683.
Full textMarco, Palau Rosa de les Neus. "La Construcció del relat alemany sobre el procés català: anàlisi de l'agenda, dels frames i del discurs per part dels mitjans de comunicació escrits d'Alemanya, 2010-2015." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/664426.
Full textThis doctoral thesis studies the construction of the news about events in the Catalan political process in the German written media. The period of analysis is extended from 2010 to 2015, when the process has gone from civil society to the Catalan political agenda and has been internationalized. In this context, the German published opinion is considered a referent. The thesis analyzes twelve key facts based on a dual methodology, quantitative and qualitative. An analysis of Agenda and Frames is carried out, Discourse Analysis is also applied and research is complemented with interviews with journalists and politicians. The methodology has been tested and validated by seven German-speaking analysts. The results of the research, also exhibited in forty-nine tables and figures, show the establishment of the agenda and the framing of the themes and actors of the Catalan process, the relationship between discourse, power and legitimacy, as well as the construction of the German published opinion.
Feixas, i. Viaplana Guillem. "L'anàlisi de construccions personals en textos de significació psicològica." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/2557.
Full textEl gènere autobiogràfic no és un simple epifenomen de la literatura sinó un fenomen de dimensions històriques, psicològiques i socials. Les ciències humanes (p.e. Antropologia, Sociologia, Història...) han emprat sovint l'estudi (auto)biogràfic per a la reconstrucció d'un món determinat per unes característiques culturals i històriques específiques.
Pel que fa a la Psicologia, en els darrers anys, amb l'emergència de l'anomenat paradigma cognitiu, i el reconeixement creixent del paper actiu de l'individu en la conducta s'ha afavorit la consideració, no sense reserves, dels documents personals com a font de dades psicològiques, seguint així el suggeriment de G.W. Allport (p.e. 1942).
L'anàlisi de textos autobiogràfics precisa d'una metodologia específica però, alhora, aquesta metodologia s'ha de basar en un marc teòric determinat que respongui a un enfocament concret. El marc teòric escollit per a aquesta finalitat ha estat la Teoria de les Construccions Personals de G.A. Kelly. La possibilitat d'analitzar les construccions d'un individu i estudiar llurs interrelacions per tal d'identificar l'estructura nuclear central que organitza la globalitat del sistema, ens sembla una de les millors maneres per delimitar allò que els existencialistes anomenen Projecte Existencial. G.A. Kelly va presentar aquesta teoria en la seva obra magna "The Psychology of Personal Constructs" (1218 pàgines) el 1955. El seu abast va més enllà d'una teoria de la personalitat; podria considerar-se una teoria dels processos humans que integra àrees típicament i tòpicament separades com percepció, memòria, aprenentatge, pensament, llenguatge, motivació, emoció, i personalitat. A més, proposa una metodologia d'avaluació i un enfocament terapèutic força interessants. Tanmateix, aquesta teoria no ha tingut una recepció considerable fins a la dècada dels setanta. Des d'aleshores es va consolidant un moviment internacional que treballa per desenvolupar aquesta perspectiva teòrica i cerca aplicacions innovadores, el qual ha arrelat molt notablement al Regne Unit, a més del país on es va originar, els Estats Units.
Hi ha diversos factors que han afavorit aquesta consolidació. El primer té a veure amb un moviment més ampli, generat en un ámbito multidisciplinar configurat per la Física Quàntica, la Biologia i la Cibernètica entre d'altres, que ha tingut també un cert impacte en la Psicologia de la Personalitat, Social, Cognitiva i troba un paral.lelisme important en l'obra de Piaget.
Kelly anomena la seva posició epistemològica bàsica Alternativisme Constructiu. Concep que la realitat no es manifesta a la persona directament sinó a través de les seves Construccions Personals. Així, es pot construir la realitat de formes alternatives. Les arrels d'aquest pensament es troben en el funcionalisme de Dewey i James, i en el pensament del filòsof neokantià Vaihinger.
La Teoria de les Construccions Personals s'estructura al voltant d'onze corolaris que pretenen desenvolupar el postulat fonamental, segons el qual els processos d'una persona es canalitzen psicològicament en la forma que anticipa els esdeveniments. Mitjançant la Construcció Personal, és a dir la captació simultània de la similitud i diferència entre els esdeveniments, la persona comprèn la realitat i anticipa el futur. Aquesta doble dimensió de les Construccions Personals, la integrativa i la predictiva la constitueix en predecessora dels esquemes o scripts de la Psicologia Cognitiva moderna.
Des d'aquesta perspectiva l'ésser humà és com un científic que va posant a prova hipòtesis (construccions), les quals es validen o s'invaliden en allò que esdevé per a Kelly un experiment: la conducta. Certament, aquest procés de construcció no és merament cognitiu (ni conscient) sinó que governa tota l'activitat humana orientada, segons Kelly, a l'anticipació d'esdeveniments i a la millora de la capacitat predictiva del sistema de Construccions Personals de l'individu.
També l'avaluació kelliana se centra en aquesta unitat bàsica. Les construccions poden ésser captades en procediments d'entrevista o bé mitjançant textos. Entre els primers hi ha l'entrevista d'escalament i la tècnica de graella. Però tret de l'autocaracterització, poca atenció s'ha dedicat a l'avaluació de construccions obtingudes de textos.
La graella és, de bon tros, el procediment més conegut per a l'avaluació de Construccions Personals. Consisteix en una mena d'entrevista estructurada on s'eliciten construccions de la persona rellevants d'acord amb els propòsits de la investigació, les quals ha d'aplicar a una sèrie d'elements del seu propi món personal. Així s'obté una matriu de construccions x elements que pot ésser analitzada per diversos procediments matemàtics d'entre els quals destaquen els procediments de reducció de dades i l'anàlisi d'agrupaments ("clusters"). De fet es distingeixen tres tipus d'interpretació psicològica d'una graella. La primera
consisteix en el càlcul d'índexs de mesura que pretenen copsar unes característiques determinades del sistema avaluat. La segona parteix de la comparació de diverses graelles bé sigui en moments diferents d'una mateixa persona (p.e. abans i després d'un tractament) o de persones diferents. La tercera forma d'interpretació és qualitativa, i compta entre les seves eines potencialment més acurades amb l'anàlisi de contingut.
En revisar l'evolució teòrica i aplicada de l'enfocament kellià es palesa l'efecte limitador de l'ús gairebé exclusiu d'una sola tècnica d'avaluació. Tot i que això ha permès un desenvolupament aplicat molt considerable en àrees ben diverses de la Psicologia (clínica, social, evolutiva, industrial) i d'altres disciplines (p.e. educació, arquitectura, publicitat, intel.ligència artificial), aquesta expansió no s'ha reforçat prou amb avenços teòrics i investigació bàsica. Tanmateix, segueix sent un enfocament d'elecció si es desitja copsar els significats personals de l'individu amb una metodologia rigorosa.
Les característiques del material autobiogràfic, en les seves modalitats d'epistolaris, diaris, memòries i autobiografies, fan inviable l'aplicació directa de la graella al text. Una de les principals dificultats per a aquesta aplicació rau en que l'autor aplica espontàniament construccions a personatges del seu món (elements) però no necessàriament les mateixes a cadascun. Per tant, la matriu "elements x construccions" presenta massa caselles en blanc per ser analitzada. Hem hagut d'elaborar doncs, un disseny de procediments que, tot j emular la graella, s'adapta a les singularitats del text.
El primer pas d'aquest disseny consisteix en l'elicitació sistematitzada dels elements i construccions que expressa l'autor. Per a això ens basem en una classificació general que permet l'operacionalització dels diversos tipus de construccions i elements així com la delimitació d'aquelles tipologies que resultin més rellevants per a la indagació psicològica. Els criteris de registre de construccions i elements són bàsicament gramaticals, tot i que cal complementar-los en algunes ocasions amb apreciacions semàntiques.
El segon pas d'aquest disseny suposa el tractament matemàtic de les matrius de dades resultants dels fulls de registre on s'han anotat les construccions i elements elicitats. Un primer tipus d'anàlisi el constitueix l'anàlisi de l'ambivalència i l'anàlisi situacional que a manera de filtre proporcionen unes dadcs més "coherents" una vcgada destriats alguns efcctes paral.Iels a canvis situacionals. A la matriu de dades resultant d'aquestes procés se li aplica una anàlisi simètrica i asimètrica de construccions i elements. Ambdues consisteixen en anàlisis d'agrupaments, però la diferència rau en que en la simètrica el coeficient de (dis)similitud parteix de l'assumpció de simetria de les relacions entre construccions o clements. L'anàlisi asimètrica, en canvi, considera, en concordància amb la Teoria de les Construccions Personals, l'existència de relacions jeràrquiques (simètriques) entre construccions i entre elements. En conseqüència empra el coeficient o utilitzat també en aquest sentit per Gara i Rosenberg (1979). En ambdós tipus d'anàlisi s'obtenen dendrogrames com a procediment per mostrar gràficament l'estructura de similituds entre construccions i entre elements.
Aquestes anàlisis matemàtiques permeten aplicar algunes de les formes d'interpretació psicològica ja descrites en la graella i altres de noves. Entre les ja descrites es compta amb la redefinició d'alguns índexs de mesura psicològica que amb algunes transformacions es poden aplicar també a les dades textuals. Així mateix, hi ha alguns aspectes de l'anàlisi qualitativa de graelles que, amb Ies modificacions pertinents, poden ser útils per a la interpretació de les dades textuals. S'han elaborat també dues formes d'interpretació psicològica característiques del mètode que proposem. La primera, l'anàlisi jeràrquica, pretén descriure algunes propietats jeràrquiques de les construccions, seguint el model teòric de Chiari et al (1985) per a la modelització de l'estructura jeràrquica del Sistema de Construccions Personals, estudiat en l'apartat teòric de la tesi. L'altra forma d'interpretació psicològica de les dades textuals consisteix em l'anàlisi de les principals relacions diàdiques entre els personatges descrits en el text autobiogràfic.
En relació al mètode que presenta aquesta tesi cal fer algunes consideracions: (1) els aspectes de fiabilitat i validesa romanen encara poc explorats, tret per altra banda característic d'un instrument com aquest de nova creació; (2) la seva potencialitat per a l'aplicació a altres tipus de textos (literaris, transcripcions d'entrevistes clíniques, estudis de casos...); (3) les limitacions que imposa el mètode, pel que fa a extensió i contingut psicològic, no permeten encara un ÚS massiu sinó selectiu.
Concloem amb la pretensió d'haver desenvolupat un instrument metodològic que, tot i les seves limitacions, permet dur a terme una anàlisi rigorosa del material autobiogràfic de manera que es poden manifestar de forma sintètica i gràfica les relacions entre les principals dimensions emprades per l'autor per estructurar el seu món interpersonal, i les similituds, diferències i interrelacions percebudes entre els personatges més importants descrits en el text. Tot plegat dóna una idea del mapa personal de l'autor en termes esquemàtics i directes. A més es preveuen unes possibilitats de desenvolupament molt àmplies si es complementa aquest instrument amb altres metodologies d'anàlisi textual com l'anàlisi de contingut, l'anàlisi estilística en les seves diverses formes, l'anàlisi del discurs i l'anàlisi de les estructures narratives, entre altres. Tot plegat configura un esdevenidor prometedor per a l'anàlisi rigorosa dels textos de significació psicològica.
This work intends to develop a method for textual analysis in order to grasp the structure of the author's experience as expressed in self-descriptive texts. The theoretical framework assumed for this design is G. Kelly's Personal Construct Theory. He presented the "man-the-scientist" metaphor according to which man builds up theories (constructs) to understand and anticipate his experience of reality, and carries out experiments through his behaviour which in turn validate or invalidate those constructs. We aim to analyze the author's constructs in order to identify the core structure that organizes the whole Personal Construct System. Our method was inspired by the Repertory Grid, the main technique for the assessment of Personal Constructs. However, it has been specifically designed for self-descriptive texts. In the first step of our design some procedures for the selection and elicitation of constructs and elements are defined. In the second step the constructs and elements which have been registered are transformed into a binary data matrix to which a symmetric and an asymmetric two-way cluster analysis it's performed. These analyses constitute the database for the four types of psychological interpretation designed: measures of construing, delimitation of the hierarchical level of the constructs, dyadic analysis and qualitative analysis. This method requires using texts which cover a vide range or the author's life span. It is specially suited to the analysis of interpersonal construing. However, it could be adapted to other areas of construing. It has been applied to three cases: Jenny (presented by G. Allport), and the poets M. Manent and P. Neruda. In concluding we presume that we have developed a systematic and rigorous method which is capable of grasping the author's personal meaning. This is done by the plotting or the main axes of meaning that structure her world and the relationships among the significative people. These results enable us to guide our inquiry into the author's world rather than being satisfied with mere interpretation.
Gonzalez-Nieto, Juan Manuel. "Key recovery systems." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2002.
Find full textTouzain, Antoine. "La consignation." Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020067/document.
Full textThe consignation, despite its Roman origins, remains largely under-studied by authors. The development of its field by way of sedimentation has led to a scattering of hypothesis. The consignation may serve a specific purpose : to discharge the debtor, to safeguard or to guarantee.However, it is possible to verify that the consignation presents a unitary nature. It can be defined as the mechanism by which a thing, object of a potential right, is entrusted to a third party and assigned to the satisfaction of the person who shall eventually be recognized as the beneficiary of such thing. This original figure, answers to a state of uncertainty with a situation of expectancy
Pozo, Sánchez Julio, and Flores Carolina Ormeño. "Problematic areas in the real property subjects to a fiduciary domain: sales tax treatment and the provisionary measures." IUS ET VERITAS, 2018. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/123266.
Full textDe acuerdo a la legislación peruana, a través del contrato de fideicomiso, el fideicomitente transfiere en dominio fiduciario a favor del fiduciario diversos bienes, derechos y obligaciones, los mismos que deben ser afectados a la consecución de un determinado fin. De tal manera se constituye un patrimonio autónomo que no responde por las obligaciones del fideicomitente ni del fiduciario. Pese a la claridad de dichas disposiciones, los autores evidencian que en la realidad se presentan situaciones problemáticas de concepto que tienen consecuencias prácticas con el tratamiento de los inmuebles sujetos a dominio fiduciario.
Goya, Denise Hideko. ""Proposta de esquemas de criptografia e de assinatura sob modelo de criptografia de chave pública sem certificado"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45134/tde-28072006-142410/.
Full textUnder the model of Identity Based Cryptography (ID-PKC), the public key can be the user's identity, therefore it does not require a Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) with its complex management of Digital Certificates. On the other hand, this system requires a Private Key Generator (PKG), a trusted authority who is in possession of a master key and can generate any of the private keys. In this way, PKG can exercise the so-called key escrow, which is undesirable in many applications. The concept of Certificateless Public Key Cryptography (CL-PKC) was proposed in order to remove the key escrow characteristic of IBC, while it does not require PKI neither Digital Certificates to certify the public keys. CL-PKC is no more an IBC because public keys are introduced, to bind the identities with its secret keys. In this thesis we construct two schemes, one CL-PKE and one CL-PKS, based on bilinear pairing functions which: (1) does not allow key escrow by the PKG; (2) does not require Digital Certificates; (3) is more efficient, in some aspects, than previously published CL-PKE and CL-PKS schemes; (4) and is secure in the sense that it is strong against adaptive chosen ciphertext attacks (in CL-PKE) and adaptive chosen message attacks (in CL-PKS), under Random Oracle Model.
Queralt, Sheila 1987. "Estudio piloto para la evaluación de evidencias lingüísticas en la comparación forense de textos mediante distribuciones poblacionales y relaciones de verosimilitudes." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/318374.
Full textLa present tesi proposa la implementació de tècniques estadístiques en l’anàlisi de variables lingüístiques per tal de crear un model de distribució poblacional útil en l’àrea de la comparació forense de textos escrits. Finalment, en una última fase es pretén aplicar el marc teòric i metodològic de la raó de verosimilitut. L’objectiu és poder millorar els resultats en la tasca d’atribuir/determinar l’autoria per tal d’assessorar d’una manera més objectiva els diversos agents judicials i poder protegir a totes aquelles persones involucrades en processos judicials d’un possible error de la justícia.
La present tesi proposa la implementació de tècniques estadístiques en l’anàlisi de variables lingüístiques per tal de crear un model de distribució poblacional útil en l’àrea de la comparació forense de textos escrits. Finalment, en una última fase es pretén aplicar el marc teòric i metodològic de la raó de verosimilitut. L’objectiu és poder millorar els resultats en la tasca d’atribuir/determinar l’autoria per tal d’assessorar d’una manera més objectiva els diversos agents judicials i poder protegir a totes aquelles persones involucrades en processos judicials d’un possible error de la justícia.
Park, DongGook. "Cryptographic protocols for third generation mobile communication systems." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2001.
Find full textDabrišiūtė, Kristina. "Nuostolių, kilusių dėl akcijų pirkimo-pardavimo sutartyse numatytų patvirtinimų ir garantijų pažeidimo, nustatymo ir išieškojimo problemos." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20110709_152129-34840.
Full textThis master thesis, through the use of analytical, comparative, logical, systemic and economic methods forms a thorough analysis of problems concerning estimation and recovery of losses caused by the breaches of representations and warranties provided for in share sale–purchase agreements. This paper in both – theoretical and practical standpoints presents the core of the pending problems while suggesting the eventual rules, which if addressed, could ease the estimation of losses and safeguard the fair-minded compensation in the situations when seller’s representations and warranties provided for in share sale–purchase agreements were false. In order to achieve the selected goals of this master thesis, the first part of the paper analyses peculiarities of business transfer through the purchase of shares. It also examines what amount of transferred shares can be considered as a transfer of full business as well as compares the nature of business transactions through the sale of shares and assets. Due to the fact that representations and warranties have become an integral part of share sale–purchase agreements and disputes in business acquisitions are most often caused by the breach of above clauses, the second part of the paper examines their legal nature, substance, goals and place in the Lithuanian law of contracts. The main part of the paper aims to identify problems in estimation and recovery of damages, analyze main methods of the calculation of damages and issues in... [to full text]
Rangasamy, Jothi Ramalingam. "Cryptographic techniques for managing computational effort." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/61007/1/Jothi_Rangasamy_Thesis.pdf.
Full textSöderberg, Anna, and Susanna Wallström. "Kontrollklausulers påverkan på integrationsprocessen vid företagsförvärv : En komparativ studie mellan den amerikanska och svenska marknaden avseende metoden för utformning av avtal." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Affärsrätt, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-94148.
Full textTavares, Lucas Alves. "O envolvimento da proteína adaptadora 1 (AP-1) no mecanismo de regulação negativa do receptor CD4 por Nef de HIV-1." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17136/tde-06012017-113215/.
Full textThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the etiologic agent of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). AIDS is a disease which has a global distribution, and it is estimated that there are currently at least 36.9 million people infected with the virus. During the replication cycle, HIV promotes several changes in the physiology of the host cell to promote their survival and enhance replication. The fast progression of HIV-1 in humans and animal models is closely linked to the function of an accessory protein Nef. Among several actions of Nef, one is the most important is the down-regulation of proteins from the immune response, such as the CD4 receptor. It is known that this action causes CD4 degradation in lysosome, but the molecular mechanisms are still incompletely understood. Nef forms a tripartite complex with the cytosolic tail of the CD4 and adapter protein 2 (AP-2) in clathrin-coated vesicles, inducing CD4 internalization and lysosome degradation. Previous research has demonstrated that CD4 target to lysosomes by Nef involves targeting of this receptor to multivesicular bodies (MVBs) pathway by an atypical mechanism because, although not need charging ubiquitination, depends on the proteins from ESCRTs (Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport) machinery and the action of Alix, an accessory protein ESCRT machinery. It has been reported that Nef interacts with subunits of AP- 1, AP-2, AP-3 complexes and Nef does not appear to interact with AP-4 and AP-5 subunits. However, the role of Nef interaction with AP-1 or AP-3 in CD4 down-regulation is poorly understood. Furthermore, AP-1, AP-2 and AP-3 are potentially heterogeneous due to the existence of multiple subunits isoforms encoded by different genes. However, there are few studies to demonstrate if the different combinations of APs isoforms are form and if they have distinct functional properties. This study aim to identify and characterize cellular factors involved on CD4 down-modulation induced by Nef from HIV-1. More specifically, this study aimed to characterize the involvement of AP-1 complex in the down-regulation of CD4 by Nef HIV-1 through the functional study of the two isoforms of ?-adaptins, AP-1 subunits. By pull-down technique, we showed that Nef is able to interact with ?2. In addition, our data from immunoblots indicated that ?2- adaptin, not ?1-adaptin, is required in Nef-mediated targeting of CD4 to lysosomes and the ?2 participation in this process is conserved by Nef from different viral strains. Furthermore, by flow cytometry assay, ?2 depletion, but not ?1 depletion, compromises the reduction of surface CD4 levels induced by Nef. Immunofluorescence microscopy analysis also revealed that ?2 depletion impairs the redistribution of CD4 by Nef to juxtanuclear region, resulting in CD4 accumulation in primary endosomes. Knockdown of ?1A, another subunit of AP-1, resulted in decreased cellular levels of ?1 and ?2 and, compromising the efficient CD4 degradation by Nef. Moreover, upon artificially stabilizing ESCRT-I in early endosomes, via overexpression of HRS, internalized CD4 accumulates in enlarged HRS-GFP positive endosomes, where co-localize with ?2. Together, the results indicate that ?2-adaptin is a molecule that is essential for CD4 targeting by Nef to ESCRT/MVB pathway, being an important protein in the endo-lysosomal system. Furthermore, the results indicate that ?-adaptins isoforms not only have different functions, but also seem to compose AP-1 complex with distinct cell functions, and only the AP-1 variant comprising ?2, but not ?1, acts in the CD4 down-regulation induced by Nef. These studies contribute to a better understanding on the molecular mechanisms involved in Nef activities, which may also help to improve the understanding of the HIV pathogenesis and the related syndrome. In addition, this work contributes with the understanding of primordial process regulation on intracellular trafficking of transmembrane proteins.