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1
Niska, Louise, and Cecilia Lif. ""Det är som eskort?" : HVB-anställdas förståelse av sugardejting." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Centrum för socialt arbete - CESAR, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-395444.
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Sugardejting inbegriper organiserad dejting där äldre personer ersätter unga för romantiskt umgänge genom pengar eller gåvor. I Sverige har fenomenet uppmärksammats på senare år och polisen jämställer förfarandet med prostitution då de uppger att sex är en del i byteshandeln. Enligt forskning rörande liknande fenomen beskrivs kontakt med socialtjänst, neuropsykiatriska funktionsnedsättningar och utanförskap som riskfaktorer för erfarenheter av sex mot ersättning. Unga placerade vid hem för vård och boende uppfyller inte sällan de ovan nämnda riskfaktorerna, varför det är intressant att undersöka anställdas förståelse om fenomenet. Studien syftar till att undersöka förståelsen för sugardejting hos anställda vid dessa boenden. Beskrivningen av vad sugardejting är varierar beroende på avsändare, varför en socialkonstruktionistisk ansats användes för att nå kunskap om vilken konstruktion de anställda likställer sugardejting med samt intersektionalitet för att analysera hur de anställda föreställer sig sugarbabyn. Kvalitativa intervjuer med sex intervjupersoner från två boenden i Uppsala län genomfördes. Intervjuerna analyserades genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultaten visar att fenomenet sugardejting i sig inte var vidare känt hos personalen, även om mekanismerna i stor utsträckning återfanns i tidigare erfarenheter. Förståelsen för sugardejting antogs av intervjupersonerna vara svag hos de unga boende, deras utsatthet antogs förstärkas genom könstillhörighet, funktion och klass. Information om sugardejting förstärkte personalens oro kring de ungas möjliga bristande förmåga i att genomskåda hur fenomenet presenteras kommersiellt samt risk att relativisera förfarandet. Inget systematiskt arbete fanns implementerat på HVB hemmen för att upptäcka sugardejting. De unga själva förväntades initiera samtal om sex, relationer och eventuella problem rörande detsamma. Samtidigt uppgav personalen att de unga troligen inte förstod riskerna med, och möjliga konsekvenser av, sugardejting. Samtliga av de intervjuade efterfrågade ökad kunskap i ämnet.
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Sidenbom, Agnes. "Skyddad av skärmen? Känslan av trygghet eller otrygghet bland personer som säljer sexuella tjänster på internet." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-26083.
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Denna uppsats är baserad på kvalitativa intervjuer med personer som säljer sexuella tjänster på internet. Syftet med uppsatsen har varit att ta reda på hur dessa personer upplever och resonerar kring sin trygghet och otrygghet i samband med sexsäljandet. Jag ville också se om det var vissa mötesplatser som ansågs som mer säkra i samband med kundträffar, om sexsäljarna hade några säkerhetsstrategier och om de hade erfarenhet av sexarbete på andra arenor än internet. Vidare ville jag ta reda på huruvida de resonerar kring offerskap i förhållande till sexsäljandet och analysera känslan av trygghet/otrygghet i förhållande till kön. Studien visade att personerna använder sig av olika typer av säkerhetsstrategier i sitt arbete. Studien har visat att känslan av trygghet och otrygghet är otroligt individuell, liksom var man föredrar att möta kunder, vad man har för säkerhetsstrategier, och vad man har för tankar om offerskap.<br>This essay is based on qualitative interviews with people who are selling sexual services on the internet. The aim of the essay was to find out how these people experience and how they reason about their safety regarding sexwork. I also wanted to know if certain meeting points were seen as more safe than others while meeting the customers, if they had any safety strategies and if they had sold sex on other places than via the internet.The essay revealed different safety strategies among the sex workers, partly about where they prefer to meet the customers, but also the pre-work some are doing before meeting the customers.The essay has showed that the feeling of safety is very individual, as well as where one prefer to meet the customers, what kind of safety-strategies one has, and what thoughts one has about victimhood.
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Wendt, Vendela, Johanna Svensson, and Carmen Dinkha. ""Jag är övertygad om att internet var en del av att jag hamnade i just prostitution". En studie om aktuell lägesbild i Malmö samt motivation till att sälja sexuella tjänster med internet som plattform." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-25133.
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Syftet med studien var att identifiera en lägesbild i Malmö samt undersöka vilka bakgrundsfaktorer som motiverar individer till att sälja sexuella tjänster via internet. Studien berör även metodologiska hinder som finns vid studerandet av individer som säljer sexuella tjänster via internet. Genom sju digitala enkäter och en telefonintervju samlades materialet in för att kunna undersöka bakgrundsfaktorer. Resultaten har analyserats utifrån tidigare studier samt tre olika kriminologiska teorier. För att kunna identifiera en lägesbild sammanställdes 609 eskortannonser utifrån kriterierna; ålder, kön, outcalls och incalls. Resultaten av lägesbilden visar att majoriteten som säljer sexuella tjänster via internet är kvinnor där medelåldern är 28,8 år. Resultaten av studien indikerar att majoriteten av individerna i studien börjar sälja sexuella tjänster via internet på grund av psykisk ohälsa, självskadebeteende och att sälja sexuella tjänster ofta är ett sätt att återta kontroll. En annan faktor respondenterna beskrivit som en anledning till att de säljer sexuella tjänster är problematisk uppväxt där föräldrar inte varit närvarande, haft instabil ekonomi, bråkigt hemma och ingen bra relation till föräldrarna. Majoriteten av respondenterna hade även blivit utsatta för någon form av övergrepp. Pengar var även en viktig faktor för majoriteten av respondenterna som en anledning till varför de säljer sexuella tjänster via internet. Svårigheter med studien har varit att få tag på respondenter som varit villiga att delta i en telefonintervju eller en digital enkät. Studien avslutas med en diskussion om metodologiska hinder.<br>The purpose of this study is to identify the current situation in Malmö and to examine the factors that motivates individuals to start selling sexual services on the internet. The study also investigates the methodological barriers that exist when studying individuals selling sexual services on the internet. With seven digital surveys and one phone interview material was collected to examine factors behind prostitution. The results have been analysed by existing research and three criminological theories. To be able to identify the current situation in Malmö 609 escort ads were compiled based on four criteria; age, gender, outcalls and incalls. The results showed that the majority of the individuals selling sexual services were women and the average age were 28,8 years. The results of the study showed that the majority of the individuals started selling sexual services through the internet because of mental illness, self harm and selling sexual services gave them a way to reclaim control. Another factor the respondents said was a reason for selling sexual services was bad conditions growing up, absent parents, bad finances and a bad relationship with the parents. The majority of the respondents had also been victims of assault. Money was also an important factor for the respondents motivation to start selling sexual services. The difficulty with the study have been to get respondents to participate in the digital survey or a phone interview. Lastly this study discusses identified methodological barriers.
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Lundberg, Johnny. "Obemannade markfarkosters militära nytta inom området logistiktransporter : En studie riktad mot Försvarsmaktens motståndarläge i Afghanistan." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-2689.
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Obemannade markfarkoster är ännu ganska ovanliga i den svenska Försvarsmakten men borde kunna bli allt vanligare. UGV:er används traditionellt till att utföra smutsiga, tråkiga och farliga arbetsuppgifter. Kan de då vara användbara i Afghanistan mot den motståndare som FM möter där idag? I studien undersöker författaren möjligheterna för obemannade markfarkoster att bidra med militär nytta inom området logistiktransporter. De obemannade transportfordonen kan från grunden utgöras av standardlastbilar i FM som har utrustats med så kallade UGV-kit. Dessa UGV-kit har till uppgift att göra standardfordonen fjärrstyrda, autonoma eller både och. Samma princip gäller för eskortfordonen som följer med till stöd för logistiktransporten, en Galt ska exempelvis kunna agera UGV. Den irreguljära och lågteknologiska motståndaren använder ofta IED:er vid eldöverfall vilket har gjort landsvägstransporter till riskfylld verksamhet för personal ute på vägarna. Personalsäkerhet är prioriterad verksamhet i Försvarsmakten och författarens antagande är att UGV:er kan bidra till att göra logistiktransporter och eskortförfaranden till mindre riskabel verksamhet.<br>Unmanned ground vehicles are still quite rare within in the Swedish Armed Forces but they should become more common. UGV´s are used traditionally for performing dirty, dull and dangerous tasks. Could they also be usefull against the enemy in Afghanistan that the Swedish Armed Forces are confronting there today? In this study the author investigates the possibilities for unmanned ground vehicles to contribute with military benefits to the area of logistics transportation. The unmanned transport vehicles can be ordinary standard trucks from the beginning which have been equipped with a so called UGV-kit. This UGV-kit´s task is to make the standard vehicles remotely controlled, autonomous or both. The same principle applies to the escorting vehicles, a Galt should for example also be able to act as a UGV. The irregular and low technology enemy often uses IED’s when attacking, which have made road transportation to hazardous activities for the personnel on the road. Personnel safety are prioritized activity within the Swedish Armed Forces, and the authors assumtion is that UGV’s can help making logistics transportation and escorting procedures in to less risky activities.
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Engnell, Hans. "Sex på deltid : Deltidssexsäljares upplevelser av sexarbetet och sexköpslagen." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för socialt arbete - Socialhögskolan, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-40243.
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The aim of this study in social work was to investigate Swedish part-time sex workers' experiences of selling sex, of the Swedish Prohibition of Purchase of Sexual Services Act, of people's attitudes toward selling and buying sexual services and the consequences thereof. In the analysis the Erving Goffman stigma theories were used. Three part-time sex workers described their day-to-day experiences of selling sex as well as holding an ordinary job. None of them experienced that the Prohibition of Purchase of Sexual Services Act had an immediate effect on them in their work, what bothered them most was the attitudes toward sex work from society, friends and relatives. The negative attitude forced them to live a double life. None of the sex workers had the impression that the legislation had any concrete effects on their customers. One sex worker expressed the view that the law itself could be a trigger for some customers and that it also helped preserve a negative and disparaging attitude toward sex workers in society. The study concluded that prostitution is a multifaceted phenomenon that has been a victim of simplification in many previous studies, partly for ideological purposes, and recommended a more individual perspective on the matter.
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Eklund, Cecilia. "Sjötransporter : Fungerar gamla teorier om sjöfartskydd idag?" Thesis, Swedish National Defence College, Swedish National Defence College, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-751.
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<p>Några av de stora sjöteoretiker som vi utbildas på idag var verksamma i en tid innan insatsförsvaret, men deras teorier anses fortfarande vara användbara idag. Idag genomför svenska flottan andra typer av insatser än på slutet av 1800-talet, då teoretikerna Mahan och Corbett var verksamma. Kriget ser inte likadant ut idag och både tekniken och taktiken har utvecklats. Är de teorier vi utbildas på, tillämpbara idag? Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka teorier om skydd av handelsfartyg och jämföra hur detta skydd genomförs i nutid med fokus på insatsen i Adenviken. Utgångspunkten har varit att genom kvalitativ textanalys beskrivit Mahans, Corbetts och Vegos teorier om skydd av handelstransporter. Dessa har jämförts med varandra samt med en fallstudie genomförd på Operation Atalanta. En av slutsatserna är att teoretikerna Mahan, Corbett och Vego har liknande teorier. De talar omsäkra hamnar, konvoj, eskort och säkra färdvägar som metoder att skydda handelstransporter. Skillnaden är hur metoderna genomförs samt hur viktiga de är. De metoder av Mahan och Corbett som återfinns i Operation Atalanta är framförallt eskort, men även vikten av säkra farleder och knutpunkter. Vegos metoder som återfinns är även eskortföretag, men även vikten av luftherravälde vid skydd av handeltransporter och att arbeta med att vidta förebyggande åtgärder.</p><br><p>Mahan and Corbett, which we study today, were operating in an era before the Cold War and international military intervention, but are still considered useful. Today the Swedish fleet carries out other types of missions than in the late 1800s, when Corbett and Mahan were active. War does not look the same today as both technology and tactics have evolved. Are the theories we study, applicable today?The purpose of this paper is to examine theories about the protection of merchant ships and compare Mahans, Corbetts and Vego theories with how it is implemented in the present day, focusing on the operation of the Gulf of Aden. This paper uses qualitative text analysis to describe Mahan, Corbettand Vegos theories, on the protection of commercial shipments. These were compared with each other and the results were later applied to a case study on Operation Atalanta. One of the conclusions are that Mahan, Corbett and Vegos theories are similar, concerning securingports, convoy, escort and securing routes. The difference however is how to apply these methods and the importance of them. Mahan and Corbett's theories, which are applicable to Operation Atalanta concern escort, and the importance of safe routes and hubs. Vegos theories which are applicable are escorts and the importance of air supremacy for the protection of trade and transport to work with preventive measures.</p>
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Puumalainen, P. (Paula). "Kaikki eskarit breikkaa:toimintatutkimus tanssikasvatusprojektista esikoululaisille vuosina 2011–2014." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2015. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201506041779.
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Tämä tutkielma on toimintatutkimus, joka tarkastelee toteuttamaani esikouluille suunnattua ”Kaikki eskarit breikkaa”-tanssikasvatusprojektia. Projektiin osallistui viisitoista oululaista esikouluryhmää,joissa vierailin opettamassa breakdance-tanssilajia. Projektiin osallistuneet päiväkodit saivat opetusmateriaalipaketin, jonka avulla tanssin harjoittelua oli mahdollista jatkaa vierailujeni jälkeen.
Tutkimuksessani tarkastelen, millaista tanssikasvatusta projekti tuotti esikouluissa tanssinopettajavierailujen jälkeen. Olennaiseksi osaksi tätä tarkastelua liittyy pohdinta projektin kehitysvaiheista. Aineistona toimivat autoetnografinen aineisto sekä esikoulujen opettajien haastattelut. Tutkielmani nojaa fenomenologiaan perustuvaan taide- ja tanssikasvatusnäkemykseen, jossa kehollinen oppiminen ja kehotietoisuus ovat merkittävässä asemassa.
”Kaikki eskarit breikkaa” -projekti kehittyi yksittäisiä tanssitunteja laajemmaksi, jaetuksi oppimiskokemukseksi. Vaikka kokonaisuudella oli valmiiksi suunniteltu muoto, taiteellista ilmaisua syntyi vierailevan tanssinopettajan, lasten ja esikoulun opettajien toiminnassa. Projektissa toteutui taidekasvatukselle asetetut tavoitteet lapsen moniaistisista kokemuksista, joihin kasvattajalla voi olla pedagogista tarttumapintaa.
Projektin kehitysprosessi muodostaa yhden toimintatutkimuksen syklin. Seuraavassa kehitysvaiheessa merkitykselliseksi nousee opettajien vahvempi osallistaminen projektiin sekä lasten kokemusten tutkiminen.
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Eskova, Anastasia [Verfasser], and Roland [Akademischer Betreuer] Eils. "Systematic analysis of integrin alpha2beta1 internalization / Anastasia Eskova ; Betreuer: Roland Eils." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1180031318/34.
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Es'kova, Anastasia [Verfasser], and Roland [Akademischer Betreuer] Eils. "Systematic analysis of integrin alpha2beta1 internalization / Anastasia Eskova ; Betreuer: Roland Eils." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:16-heidok-154728.
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Bring, Hedda. "A Digital Elevation Model of the Lövåsen Esker." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Technology and Built Environment, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-234.
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<p>The threats imposed by the ongoing climate change become successively more clear. In the municipality of Sandviken the possible rise in water level in the lake Storsjön might cause major problems. This study aims to produce an elevation model over one of the threatened areas so that the effect of different water levels in the lake can be studied in the future.</p><p>The area of study consists of an esker cutting straight through the lake Storsjön. The area is densely populated and the size is about 13 hectares.</p><p>Measurements were performed, both with GPS, utilizing Network-RTK, and with total station. The formations of the ridge were captured by following the breaklines with a point density of 225 points/ha as an intended goal.</p><p>The GPS measurements were transformed into the local coordinate system of Sandviken municipality. The measured coordinates for six control points were compared to the true coordinates. The fit was not perfect, so a Helmert transformation was performed on the plane coordinates. The accuracy of the measurements was below 50 mm after the transformation. Net adjustments in plane and height were performed on the total station measurements. The error ellipses for the station points varied from 2 to 44 mm. The over all point density achieved was 274 points/ha.</p><p>Two elevation models were created, one Triangular Irregular Network (TIN) and one interpolated model using a kriging interpolation. Contour lines from both models were produced and compared with each other. The TIN creates a more angular surface and therefore the contour lines are not as smooth as in the interpolated model. Both models showed good resemblance compared with the original data.</p><br><p>Problem relaterade till klimatförändringar blir alltmer uttalade. I Sandvikens kommun kan problem uppstå om vattennivåerna i Storsjön stiger. Syftet med det här examensarbetet var att skapa en höjdmodell över ett av de utsatta områdena för att effekter av en eventuell vattennivåhöjning skall kunna studeras i framtiden.</p><p>Området består av en rullstensås som sträcker sig rakt igenom Storsjön. Området är tättbefolkat och ca 13 hektar stort.</p><p>Mätningarna utfördes med både GPS och totalstation. Vid GPS-mätningarna utnyttjades Nätverks-RTK. Åsens formationer fångades genom att följa brytlinjer med en estimerad punkttäthet på 225 punkter/ha.</p><p>GPS-mätningarna transformerades till Sandvikens lokala koordinatsystem. De mätta koordinaterna för sex kontrollpunkter jämfördes med de sanna koordinaterna. Eftersom de mätta värdena inte passade in perfekt så utfördes en Helmerttransformation av plankoordinaterna. Noggrannheten på mätta värden var inom 50 mm efter transformationen. Nätutjämningar i plan och höjd gjordes på totalstationsmätningarna. Felellipserna för stationspunkterna varierade mellan 2 och 44 mm. Den sammanlagda punkttätheten uppgick till 274 punkter/ha.</p><p>Två höjdmodeller framställdes, en TIN-model (Triangular Irregular Network) och en interpolerad model där interpolationsmetoden kriging användes. Höjdkurvor framställda från respektive modell skapades och jämfördes med varandra. Ett TIN ger en mer kantig yta vilket återspeglas i höjdkurvorna som inte är lika jämna som de från den interpolerade modellen. Båda modellerna visade god överensstämmelse med originaldata.</p>
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Charland, Coralie. "Vars-Winchester esker characerization study: Conceptual and numerical hydrogeological model of the Vars-Winchester esker system, South Nation River basin, Eastern Ontario." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28334.
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Buried esker systems are a major source of potable water in Eastern Ontario. Ever since the Clean Water Act was passed in 2006, efforts have been placed on understanding aquifers and characterizing watersheds in order to protect source water. This thesis focuses on one esker, extending from Vars to Winchester in the South Nation River watershed, which provides municipal water for seven villages -- an estimated population of 17,000. The esker complex is conceptualized as a 50-km long deposit of glaciofluvial outwash high-permeability material that is generally surrounded by fine, low permeability materials, except in a number of locations where the esker outcrops at ground surface. The complex recharges at its northern- and southern-most areas, which correspond to topographic highs; it discharges in a topographically low area at its center near the village of Embrun. Regional stratigraphy was simplified for modeling purposes and brought down to six hydrostratigraphic units, two of which represent the esker: a coarser core, composed of a mixture of coarse sand and gravel, and sandy fan deposits.
A three-dimensional hydrogeological model was developed using a finite element groundwater flow system, FEFLOW. Recharge and hydraulic conductivities were adjusted during calibration. Calibration was assessed using the mean error of residuals, standard deviation of residuals and normalized Root Mean Square calculations; correlation was estimated using the determination coefficient and Pearson's coefficient. Results favour the conceptualization of the esker as a continuous, heterogeneous deposit comprising a gravelly core and sandy fans (ME=-4.33m, RMS=5.67m, n=18 wells in close proximity of esker); however, mean residuals are not significantly different when testing the discontinuous and homogeneous esker hypotheses. Sensitivity analyses testing the model's response to recharge and pumping showed that the system is relatively resilient; however, our better judgement tells us that this is an artefact due to boundary conditions and not an adequate prediction of what may happen. Nevertheless, we hope this model will be a facilitating tool for understanding, managing and protecting the aquifer's resource.
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Fleshman, Muller Eunamia. "Development of a supplier quality assessment system in Eskom." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97323.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Eskom, the South Africa and trans-Africa electrical power utility, has a capacity expansion project that is estimated to cost roughly R340 billion. The programme is anticipated to continue through 2018.
Eskom will be contracting with a multitude of suppliers and it is imperative that the projects delivered under the capacity expansion programme meet Eskom’s required quality standards.
The question then arises whether the set quality standards are sufficiently comprehensive to provide confidence that suppliers will achieve high quality standards.
This aim of this research was to examine supplier assessment programmes to determine the criteria that will best provide supplier assurance. The researcher consulted a vast range of literature available on supplier quality assessment programmes. From the literature consulted, there appeared to be some recurring themes from the range of assessment tools. It also becomes apparent that the assessment tool cannot only focus on a quality system, but a balance of strategic and operational focus was needed to fully understand suppliers’ ability to deliver.
One of the key considerations was establishing longer-term collaborative relationships with key suppliers. Long-term relations encourage trust, transparency and innovation.
It was equally important to ensure that operational assessments provided insight on suppliers’ capability.
Based on the literature reviewed, a proposed framework was tested against the current methodology for supplier evaluation. From these comparisons, some gaps were identified and recommendations were suggested to improve the supplier evaluation programme.
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Busakwe, Weziwe Sylvia. "The privatisation of Eskom within the RDP and GEAR." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49800.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: When the African National Congress (ANC) took control of govemment in 1994, it was
forced to find an economic strategy that would strike a balance between an improved
level of service and maximum economic growth. The privatisation process, which had
already been initiated by the previous apartheid government, was continued in order to
depoliticise utilities that were contentious in terms of their allocation of scarce resources
or competing resources.
Privatisation is an economic transformation strategy used worldwide to provide solutions
to countries' economic problems. However, within the South African context, it focuses
mainly on the restructuring of state-owned assets, with the following objectives:
• To reduce the state debt and to stimulate economic growth and development
through the sale of state-owned assets
• To re-orient and enhance the public sector's ability to meet challenges identified
by the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP)
• To restructure the state-owned enterprises to be more efficient in their
operations, while at the same time maximising their contribution to the country's
economic growth.
The objective of this study is to explore issues that surround privatisation - which
governments should understand when planning and implementing privatisation - by studying the process of privatisation adopted in the case of the state-owned electricity
monopoly, ESKOM.
In a quest for detailed information, this study includes:
• An analysis of the economic strategies adopted by the government
• The political background to the establishment of these strategies
• An analysis of ESKOM and its strategy for privatisation
The following problem areas in the privatisation and restructuring of state assets have
been identified in the South African economy and need more attention when embarking
on privatisation of state-owned enterprises:
• Effects of privatisation on the delivery of services to the poor
• Conflicts in ideology between the trade unions, particularly the Congress of
South African Trade Unions (COSATU)
• Lessons experienced with other parastatals that have been privatised.
This study has identified concerns and challenges that surround the privatisation of
ESKOM, and also privatisation as a whole in South Africa. It shows that the
government falls short of achieving its pre-determined objectives in the economic
transformation of the country as laid down in the Reconstruction and Development
Programme (RDP) and the Growth, Employment and Redistribution (GEAR)
macroeconomic strategy. This alone indicates a need to revisit these strategies and
align them with the economic realities facing the South African population. Differences in ideology and views between labour and the government indicate a need for an open
consultative process and a clear policy that guides the restructuring of state assets so
that the poor are not affected by the adverse effects of privatisation.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Toe die African National Congress (ANC) in 1994 beheer oorgeneem het van die
regering, was dié organisasie gedwing om 'n ekonomiese strategie te vind wat 'n balans
sou handhaaf tussen 'n verbeterde diensvlak en maksimum ekonomiese groei. Die
proses van privatisering, wat deur die vorige apartheid-regering geïnisieer is, was
voortgesit met die doel om fasiliteite wat omstrede was in terme van die toedeling van
skaars bronne of kompeterende bronne, te depolitiseer.
Privatisering is 'n ekonomiese transformasie-strategie wat wêreldwyd gebruik word om
oplossings vir lande se ekonomiese probleme te verskaf. Binne die Suid-Afrikaanse
konteks fokus dit egter op die rekonstruksie van staatsbates, met die volgende
doelstellings:
• Om staatskuld te verminder en om ekonomiese groei en ontwikkeling te
stimuleer deur die verkope van bates wat in besit van die staat is.
• Om die openbare sektor se vermoë opnuut in te stel en te bevorder om
sodoende die uitdagings wat deur die Heropbou- en Ontwikkelingsprogram
(HOP) geïdentifiseer is, aan te pak.
• Om staatsbates te herstruktureer sodat hulle meer doeltreffend bedryf kan word
en om terselfdertyd hul bydrae tot die land se ekonomiese groei te maksimeer. Die doel van hierdie studie is om die kwessies rondom privatisering (wat regerings
behoort te begryp wanneer hulle privatisering beplan en implementeer) te ondersoek
deur die privatiseringsproses van ESKOM, die elektrisiteitsmonopolie in staatsbesit, te
bestudeer. In die soeke na uitvoerige inligting, sluit hierdie studie die volgende in:
• 'n Analise van ESKOM en sy strategie ten opsigte van privatisering
• 'n Analise van die ekonomiese strategieë van die regering
• Die politiese agtergrond tot die opstel van hierdie strategieë.
Die volgende probleem areas rondom privatisering en herstrukturering van staatsbates
in die Suid-Afrikaanse ekonomie is geïdentifiseer en het meer aandag nodig wanneer
staatsbates privatiseer word:
• Gevolge van privatisering op lewering van dienste aan die armes
• Teenstrydige ideologieë van die vakbond federasies, veral die Congress of South
African Trade Unions (COSATU)
• Lesse geleer van ander semi-staatsinstellings wat geprivatiseer is.
Hierdie studie het kwellinge en uitdagings rondom die privatisering van ESKOM, asook
rondom privatisering in Suid-Afrika in die geheel, geïdentifiseer. Die studie wys dat die
regering nie sy doelstellings bereik het nie ten opsigte van die ekonomiese
transformasie van die land soos uiteengesit in die Heropbou- en Ontwikkelingsprogram
(HOP) en die Growth, Employment and Redistribution (GEAR)- makro-ekonomiese
strategie. Dit alleen dui op die noodsaaklikheid om hierdie strategieë te heroorweeg en om dit in
lyn te bring met die ekonomiese realiteite wat die Suid-Afrikaanse bevolking in die gesig
staar.
Verskille in ideologie en sienings tussen arbeid en die regering wys op die nodigheid vir
'n oop konsulterende proses en 'n duidelike beleid wat rekonstruksie van staatsbates op
so 'n manier rig dat die negatiewe gevolge van privatisering van staatsbates nie daarop
impakteer nie.
14
Phillips, Abraham James. "Promoting innovation through intrapreneurship at Eskom distribution (Eastern Cape)." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13060.
Full textAbstract:
Maintaining and improving innovation is vital to any organisation.There are many challenges organisations are faced with, both internally and externally when it comes to maintain and improving innovation. Eskom is such an organisation. The employees, both non-managerial and managerial, of Eskom are faced with various challenges in their daily activities. The quest for innovation advantages requires increased creativity to assist employees in adopting an intrapreneurial outlook to provide proactive solutions. Intrapreneurship is an autonomous process. Eskom which bulk suppliers South Africa mission is to provide electricity reliably at a low cost to all South African. This seems less reachable with high operating cost, slow capacity growth and aging infrastructure. This study focused and contributed to the innovation environment of Eskom, with the area of study being confined within the Eastern Cape. The study objectives sought to review Eskom Distribution’s business plan and innovation policy, while identifying if employees have intrapreneurial trait, if organisational culture, system and managerial styles are conducive for intraprenuership, if the external environment will promote intrapreneurship within the organisation, and which ideas have best adoption rates of innovation within the organisation, these factors may hinder the success of innovation in the organisation, based on the theoretical findings of the literature study. Employees, at both managerial and non-managerial levels participated in a research study. The research instrument used comprised of questions that covered the various objectives listed above. This provided the basis for a quantitative study to be done. Using statistical methods to identify any special relationships or trends, the research was conducted and recommendations were made based on the objectives of this study in relation to the organisation under study, Eskom Distribution, Eastern Cape Operating Unit. Based on the findings, recommendations to improve innovation, through intrapreneurship methods were made.
15
Mvelase, Thokozile Olivia. "The impact of non-compliance with Eskom procurement policies." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/9140.
Full textAbstract:
Supply Chain Management (SCM) has an overwhelming impact on firms as it directly impacts on sales and costs. Therefore, it must be a core competency for any organization and thus SCM expertise is highly valued in organisations. Procurement of goods and services has a major impact on the successful execution of the project. Procurement can help the business, ensuring that all the goods and services they buy will be of the right quality, quantity and price, and they will be delivered ‘just in time’. The application of procurement policies and practices, using fair and open procedures, is crucial not only for attracting efficient contractors and suppliers, but also to safeguard the principle of accountability and the cost-effective use of funds. Before awarding a tender, there is a substantial amount of work to be undertaken by the project manager, contracts manager, end user, buyer, and authorising committees. Commitment from personnel involved in contract awarding is not adequate. Furthermore, the Eskom governance process sometimes contributes to delays in awarding a contract. before the enquiry and tender documentation is sent out to the suppliers on the tender list, the core team involved in the procurement process verifies that the enquiry is complete and correct. Should there be contractual or legal issues during the execution of the project in the form of say a contract that has been issued with unsuitable clauses, solving the problem becomes difficult. Contractors will sometimes use contract clauses to suit themselves, and take advantage of the employer, causing cost overruns due to the difficulties in managing the contract. Eskom’s commercial activities are governed by the Public Finance Management Act (PFMA) and Constitution of South Africa, which states that an organisation such as Eskom should have in place “an appropriate procurement and provisioning system which is fair, equitable, transparent, competitive, and cost-effective.” This can eliminate irregularities in contracts, since they can have a serious economic impact, interfere with fair competition, and destroy confidence in the integrity and functioning of public administration Such irregularities may lead to costs overruns on projects where incompetent contractors are awarded a contract. Incorrect financial forecasting is a very serious issue, and needs to be addressed in order to help strengthen the cash flow and forecasting within Eskom. This research strategy is intended for quantifying observations of human behaviour, with the emphasis on exact measurements. The primary data for this study was generated through the administration of a structured questionnaire survey conducted among engineers, project managers, contract managers, and forensics personnel. The secondary data for the present study was gathered from literature in the form of open ended questionnaire from the same personnel. Poor commitment of buyers and chain approval meetings being shifted affect the delays in awarding of contracts. Lack of training of contract managers, absence of legal representative’s advice and squad checking meetings not being represented properly contributes to contracts being awarded with unsuitable clauses. Managers specifically forcing contracts to be awarded to a specific contractor, nepotism or favoritism, politics and contractor greediness, relate to irregularities in contracts. Lack of experience, revision of scope (unclarified scope), project delays, less effort being made when forecasting and unforeseen circumstances, such as strikes, and forces of nature, relate to incorrect financial forecasting. Continuous training and commitment of all personnel involved in the project environment is important, therefore Eskom personnel in the project environment should work as a team in an integrated way. Adequate time should be spent, and thorough checks made, to ensure that documents sent out for tendering conform to requirements. Involvement of all the supporting functions must be maximised. Code of ethics training and application is very crucial in the project environment, and the current governance policies should be adhered to by all stakeholders in the project.
16
Terrell, Mark A. "A depositional model for the Muncie Esker, East-Central Indiana." Virtual Press, 1997. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1041897.
Full textAbstract:
The Muncie esker, a glaciofluvial ridged system, consists of three sharp-crested esker segments in the proximal and central sections, and a broad=crested, fan shaped distal segment. Grain size ranged from clay to boulders, although a larger presence of coarser material with high standard deviation values occurs in the proximal and central segments, while higher concentrations of finer sediment, primarily sand, exists in the distal segment. Field mapping and description included its geomorphic expression, stratigraphic relationships that consisted of facies identification, sedimentary structure , and paleocurrent direction. Sedimentological parameters, including downesker trends in grain size, sorting, a fractal analysis of grain size persistence, and clast roundness, was also investigated.The interpretation of the results provided us with detailed information allowing us to formulate a specific model of esker genesis. The depositional model consists primarily of nearly continuous, contemporaneous subglacial deposition that reulted in the formation of the proximal and central esker segments, and time-transgressive sedimentation, containing interlayered and randomly distributed ice rafted debris, in the form of a subaqueous delta that prograded beyond the ice-margin, forming the distal esker segment. Early stage deposition consisted of bed load transport from moderate flow velocities within a preglacial bedrock valley that served as an R-channel for preliminary subglacial meltwater drainage. Intermediate stage formation consisted of subglacial sedimentation from a hyperconcentrated deforming bed, induced by an outburst flood, and distal deltaic sedimentation as the subglacial flood discharged beyond the ice margin into an ice-marginal lake. Late stage deposition arises from bed load sedimentation of moderate fluvial activity reworking the upper portions of the hyperconcentrated flow deposits and upper deltaic facies. The finality of esker formation concluded with the ablation of the subglacial tunnel roof, sending a supraglacial debris flow that conformably covers the proximal and central esker segments in the form of a diamicton drape.<br>Department of Geology
17
Pettersson, Kevin. "Groundwater Movement and PFAS Transportation in the Vreta-Bålsta Esker." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-423952.
Full textAbstract:
Håbo municipality is looking for alternative drinking water sources for its residence city of Bålsta. One possible source is the Vreta-Bålsta esker located northeast of Bålsta, which could be used for artificial infiltration and extraction of groundwater. Located on this esker is an area called Dragets industrial area, in which several objects of potential contamination have been identified. One of these is a Landfill located in the northern part of the industrial area in which the local fire fighting forces has used this area for training exercises. During these exercises they have used aqueous film forming foams (AFFFs) containing Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Some PFASs have demonstrated adverse health effects already at low concentrations and no more than 90ng l-1 is recommended in Swedish drinking water. In order to assess the suitability of the esker as a source for drinking water a model of the esker was created inside the program GMS (Groundwater modeling system). In GMS the package MODFLOW was used to create a groundwater flow model, and the package MT3DMS was used for contamination transport of PFAS from the landfill. The finished model showed a groundwater divide located in the central parts of Dragets industrial area, with the water either running south toward Lake Mälaren or north towards Lilla Ullfjärden. In total three different PFAS species were used in the transport model with the abbreviations PFOS, PFPeA and PFBA. The transport model was created as a point source to see the transport behavior of PFAS from the landfill. This showed that all the contamination transport that occurred would transport the PFAS north towards Lilla Ullfjärden. Based on this result this would mean that a use for artificial infiltration and extraction of groundwater in the southern part of the esker would not pose a contamination risk from the landfill.
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Mosiane-Lentsoe, Elizabeth Queen. "Effecting organisation change in Eskom by creating a learning environment." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26678.
Full textAbstract:
The current social, economic and technological climate requires the management of change, which is sustainable. One sustainable corporate quality will be the ability to learn as an organisation. Individuals have traditionally equated learning with the acquisition of knowledge, during early age. The understanding of learning changes as individuals learn as a group within an organisation. Often organisations fail to make the connection between learning and training. To become learning environment there should be an existence of three critical issues, namely, individual, team and organisational learning. The five requirements of learning organisation, namely, systems thinking, personal mastery shared vision, team learning and mental models should be mastered to build a learning environment. A learning environment seeks to create its own future, which assumes that learning is an ongoing and creative process for its members. The concept believes that organisations, which learn develops, adapts and transform itself in response to the needs and aspirations of the people. One of the reasons to fail this connection would be the absence of immediate tangible benefits that organisational learning can provide. The other difficulty could be in translating the theory into practice in the absence of explaining the process sequentially. Organisations are experiencing the need to develop capabilities to handle challenges irrespective of the barriers. The learning organisation constitutes a new perspective on learning which emphasise a shift in organisational management with respect to education, training and development. One way of adopting such capabilities is through adopting the precepts of the learning organisation. The academics, management and practitioners have joined hands in unravelling the concepts and processes of the learning organisation and change management. The study attempts to examine and explain the thinking and synergise various approaches to provide the relationship between the organisation change in Eskom by creating a learning environment. This is not a prescriptive document or critique on the current philosophy, but to create a learning environment model for Eskom within which change will be effected. The information will assist Eskom to accelerate its learning rate to sustain competitive advantage. The organisation needs to embrace change rather than to react to solutions.<br>Thesis (D Admin (Public Administration))--University of Pretoria, 2006.<br>School of Public Management and Administration (SPMA)<br>unrestricted
19
Fridlund, Julia. "Analysis of Multicomponent Data to Study Esker Structures, Turku-Finland." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Geofysik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-328141.
Full textAbstract:
Eskers are long winding ridges that originate from gravel that has travelled in meltwater streams in glaciers. At the study site, Virttaankangas plane in southwest Finland, there are esker structures covered by sediments. One reason why it is important to study eskers is because they are used for purifying drinking water. The data used in the study were collected during a seismic survey in July 2014. During the survey a controlled source created seismic waves that travelled down through the earth and then reflected back up again. By detecting the travel time of the waves and estimating the velocity of the geologic layers, the depth to the reflecting structures could be calculated. There are two types of waves that travel through the body of the earth, pressure waves (P-waves) and shear waves (S-waves). In a previous study (Maries et al., 2017) P-wave data from the same survey have been analyzed, so this work focuses on S-wave data but also compares the result from the two. Some structures related to eskers were identifiable, such as fractures in the bedrock from the pressure of the main esker core. By comparing S- and P-wave results it was possible to see hints of the arched esker cores and esker fan lobes. Overall the result confirmed the model that was achieved of the profile in the previous study. The location of the bedrock both matched with the previous study, and added information about its orientation. An additional goal was to demonstrate the insensitivity of S-waves to water content by showing that if there was a water table reflection in the P-wave data, this reflection was missing in the S-wave data. The results showed water table reflections in the P-wave data, but there were no distinguishable water table reflections with appropriate velocity for S-waves in the S-wave data.<br>Rullstensåsar definieras som långa åsar med storlekssorterat grus som avlagrats av smältvattenströmmar i glaciärer. Vid undersökningsplatsen, Virttaankangasheden i sydvästra Finland, finns rullstensåsstrukturer som är begravda under sediment. En anledning till varför det är viktigt att undersöka rullstensåsar är att de används för filtrering vid framställning av dricksvatten. De data som användes i denna studie inhämtades under en seismisk undersökning i juli 2014. Undersökningen gick till på så vis att en kontrollerad källa skapade seismiska vågor som färdades ner i jorden för att sedan reflekteras tillbaka upp mot ytan. Genom att notera tiden det tog för vågorna att färdas, samt uppskatta hastigheten i de geologiska lagren, kunde djupet till de reflekterande strukturerna beräknas. Det finns två sorters vågor som kan färdas genom jorden, tryckvågor (P-vågor) och skjuvvågor (S-vågor). I en tidigare studie (Maries et al., 2017) analyserades P-vågsdata från samma seismiska undersökning, så detta arbete fokuserar på S-vågsdata men jämför också resultaten av båda två. Vissa strukturer kopplade till rullstensåsar kunde identifieras, så som sprickor i begrgrunden från trycket av den största rullstensåsen. Genom att jämföra resultat från S- och P-vågor kunde man se reflektioner från rullstensåsar och sediment. Sammantaget bekräftade resultatet den modell över profilen som framtagits i den tidigare studien. Berggrundens läge stämde överens med den förra studien och tillförde ny information om dess orientering. Utöver detta försökte man också demonstrera S-vågors okänslighet för vatten genom att visa att om det fanns reflektioner från grundvattenytan i P-vågsdatan så skulle de reflektionerna inte synas i S-vågsdatan. I P-vågsdatan visade det sig att det fanns grundvattenreflektioner, men det gick inte att urskilja några liknande reflektioner i S-vågsdatan.
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Hughes, Marion. "HIV and AIDS in the business sector with reference to Eskom." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53449.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: National and international studies on the impact of the HIVand AIDS epidemie,
create a picture of serious negative effects on the South African economy, together
with immense suffering and despair for her people. The untimely death of millions of
people due to a disease is totally unnatural and basically unimaginable and it is
therefore not surprising that people, organisations and government tend to shy away
from the problems.
Businesses drive growth and development, mobilise investment, nurture innovation,
provide employment, develop skills, pay taxes and provide returns to investors.
Outside the political arena businesses is the only group that do have the capacity
and resources to make a major and effective contribution to the fight against the HIV
and AIDS epidemic.
This study provides a theoretical introduction to HIV and AIDS but more importantly it
indicates that the business world has woken up to the threat of the HIV and AIDS
epidemic and are reacting to it.
The study concludes that the battle is not won as yet. There is room for improvement
and major enhancements are required to current strategies and programmes to make
it more effective.
Eskom was selected as the case study to substantiate the abovementioned opinions
and conclusions.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Nasionale en internasionale studies oor die impak van die MIV en VIGS-epidemie dui
op die ernstige negatiewe gevolge vir die Suid-Afrikaanse ekonomie. Dit veroorsaak
ook geweldige lyding en wanhoop onder mense.
Die ontydige dood van miljoene mense weens 'n siekte is heeltemal onnatuurlik en
ondenkbaar. Dit is daarom geen wonder nie dat mense, organisasies en die regering
daarvan wegskram.
Sakeondernemings dryf groei en ontwikkeling, mobiliseer beleggingsmoontlikhede,
moedig vernuwing aan, skep werkgeleenthede, ontwikkel vaardighede, betaal
belasting en verskaf 'n opbrengs aan beleggers. Buite die politieke arena is
sakeondernemings die enigste groep wat die kapasiteit en hulpbronne het om op
grootskaal 'n doeltreffende bydrae te lewer tot die bekamping van die MIV en VIGS epidemie.
Die studie is 'n teoretiese inleiding tot MIV en VIGS. Die belangrikste aspek wat na
vore kom, is dat sakeondernemings wakker geskrik het oor die bedreiging van MIV
en VIGS en dat hulle daarop reageer.
Die studie kom tot die gevolgtrekking dat die geveg nog nie gewen is nie. Daar is
baie ruimte vir verbetering en grootskaalse veranderinge is nodig om die huidige
strategieë en programme meer doeltreffend te maak.
Eskom is as gevallestudie gebruik om bogenoemde menings en gevolgtrekkings te
ondersteun.
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Koen, Jacko. "Geomagnetically induced currents and its presence in the Eskom transmission network." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5192.
Full textAbstract:
Includes bibliographical references.<br>This thesis serves to describe the findings of the investigation into the possible existence and occurrence of Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GICs) in the Eskom MTS. The project commenced in January 1999 and is a joint collaboration between Eskom, the University of Cape Town and EPRI. Eskom has been aware since about 1990, that occasional severe geomagnetic storms in the Southern Cape might disrupt the MTS in that area. At that time no correlation was observed between disruptions at selected sites of the Eskom MTS and geomagnetic activity. (The sites selected were based on the knowledge at that time.) However, there is now evidence that the sites most susceptible are not at the conventionally accepted locations, and that damage and disruption may have occurred where it was not expected. For this project a thorough literature search was done to understand the source and effects of GICs. An investigation was conducted into the past events on the Eskom MTS, which was compared with geomagnetic activity to check for correlation. Finally, the modelling process of a network that would indicate its susceptibility to GICs was studied.Typical disruptions that would indicate the existence of GICs include Buchholz trips, interwinding faults, permanent failure due to internal faults, etc. From this investigation there is circumstantial evidence that equipment damage may have occurred due to geomagnetic activity during the previous solar cycle peak.
22
Rossi, P. M. (Pekka M. ). "Integrated management of groundwater and dependent ecosystems in a Finnish esker." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2014. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526204789.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Groundwater, a key part of the hydrological cycle, is under increasing pressure from different land uses and changing climate. However, less attention has been paid to integrated groundwater management than surface waters. This thesis combined hydrological and socio-economic research for the case study of the Rokua esker aquifer in order to update current concepts of groundwater management. The Rokua area contains groundwater-dependent lakes and a periodic water level decline has raised concerns about the future of these lakes. Peatland drainage in the vicinity of the aquifer has been accused of changing the aquifer conditions. Groundwater discharge from the esker aquifer to drained peatland was studied to identify relevant hydrological processes for groundwater-surface water interactions. The results revealed a connection between the aquifer and the peatland whereby groundwater can enter the ditches through seepage or preferential flow. Modeling was used to determine critical factors in the management of the esker aquifer-peatland system. The results showed that climate and land use can affect esker groundwater, while peatland drainage in the vicinity can have similar impacts to groundwater abstraction and drought. Peatland restoration by filling in drainage ditches could possibly restore the aquifer groundwater levels. However, for the Rokua aquifer, which will possibly experience less severe dry periods in the future, extensive drainage restoration is currently too major, uncertain, and expensive a measure relative to the expected benefits. Multi-criteria decision analysis was used to identify ways of facilitating stakeholder involvement and learning in groundwater management. The results obtained with this participatory process confirmed that it can foster learning on complicated groundwater issues and collaboration in a process encompassing disputes and diverse interests. The decision analysis process led to the initiation of dialogue on more integrated management, where the preferences of all stakeholders were discussed and taken into account. Overall, this thesis shows how different aspects of aquifer management, such as land use, climate, ecological and economic values, and stakeholder preferences, can all be taken into account using a combined method which reduces the mistrust between opposing interests through research and information, resulting in more robust future planning<br>Tiivistelmä Pohjaveteen, hydrologisen kierron avainosaan, kohdistuu kasvavia paineita eri maankäytön muodoista ja ilmastonmuutoksesta. Pohjaveden hallintaan ei kuitenkaan ole kiinnitetty tarvittavaa huomiota. Tässä väitöstyössä yhdistettiin hydrologista ja sosioekonomista tutkimusta Rokuan harjualueella pohjaveden hallintakonseptin päivittämiseksi. Rokuan alueella on useita pohjavedestä riippuvaisia järviä, joiden vedenpinta on kausittain laskenut voimakkaasti. Pintojen lasku on kasvattanut paikallisten huolta järvien tilasta. Harjua ympäröivät metsäojitetut turvemaat, ja ojituksia on syytetty pohjaveden tilan ja sitä kautta myös järvien tilan heikkenemisestä. Työn ensimmäisessä osassa tutkittiin pohjaveden hydrologisia purkautumisprosesseja harjun pohjavesiesiintymästä ojitetulle suoalueelle. Tulokset osoittivat hydraulisen yhteyden akviferin ja turvemaan välillä: pohjavesi pääsi purkautumaan metsäojiin joko suotautumalla tai turpeen kaksoishuokoisuusrakenteiden kautta. Seuraavassa vaiheessa työtä pohjavesimallinnusta käytettiin määrittämään kriittisiä pohjaveden tilaan vaikuttavia tekijöitä pohjavesi-turvemaa-systeemissä. Mallinnustulosten perusteella niin ilmasto kuin maankäyttökin vaikuttavat kumpikin suoraan pohjaveden pinnankorkeuden tilaan. Turvemaiden ojituksilla pohjavesialueella voi olla samoja vaikutuksia pohjaveden pinnankorkeuden tasoihin kuin pohjaveden otolla tai kuivilla kausilla. Turvemaiden ennallistaminen ojia täyttämällä voi osittain palauttaa vedenpinnan tasoja pohjavesialueella. Rokuan harjualueen tapauksessa suuren mittakaavan oja-alueiden ennallistaminen todettiin kuitenkin liian epävarmaksi ja kalliiksi toimenpiteeksi hyötyihin nähden, varsinkin jos kuivien kausien vaikutus suurilla harjualueilla heikkenee tulevaisuudessa sademäärien kasvun myötä. Työn kolmannessa osassa käytettiin monitavoitearviointia eri sidosryhmien osallistamiseen ja oppimiseen pohjavesien hallinnassa. Osallistavasta prosessista saadut tulokset vahvistivat, että menetelmää voidaan käyttää oppimisen edesauttamiseen vaikeissa pohjavesiasioissa sekä yhteistyön muodostamiseen ristiriitaisessa ja monimutkaisessa tapauksessa. Monitavoitearvioinnin prosessi johti keskustelun avaukseen yhtenäisemmän suunnittelun puolesta, joka ottaa huomioon eri sidosryhmien näkökulmat ja tuo ne osaksi keskustelua. Tämä väitöstyö osoitti miten eri pohjavesialueen hallintaan tarvittavat näkökulmat, kuten maankäyttö, ilmasto, ekologiset ja ekonomiset arvot, sekä sidosryhmien mielipiteet voidaan kaikki ottaa huomioon yhdistämällä eri metodeja. Näin tutkimuksella ja informoinnilla vähennetään epäluottamusta eri intressitahojen välillä ja luodaan pohja vakaammalle pohjavesialueiden tulevaisuuden suunnittelulle
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Toni, Thami. "Causes and consequences of the shortage of electrical artisans at Eskom." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/864.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this research was to examine the causes and consequences of the shortage of electrical artisans at Eskom, using the Southern Region as a case study. Eskom used to be one of the leading public enterprises in the training of artisans to fulfil its own demand as well as to meet industry demand. This research reveals that this is no longer the case. Eskom Southern Region, a sub-division of Eskom Holdings, employs about 1700 employees. More than three quarters of these employees are employed in departments that utilise mostly electrical artisans. Natural attrition and the curtailment on the number of employees indentured and trained as electrical artisans has presented the Eskom Southern Region with a skills acquisition and retention challenge. Against this background, the study sought to discover how far Eskom Southern Region implements training and development interventions and recruitment and retention strategies in response to skill shortages. The study is based on a review of literature on skill shortages, a questionnaire opinion survey on skill shortages completed by employees at Eskom Southern Region, document study, and interviews with relevant stakeholders. The empirical study confirmed the findings of the research and skills shortages were identified for particular positions employing electrical artisans. The results show worsening skill shortages and hard-to-fill vacancies. The study proposes recommendations that encompass strategic responses, workplace-based strategies, and training-based strategies to address the shortage of electrical artisans.
24
Burke, Matthew John. "GPR investigations of the sedimentary architecture of jökulhlaup eskers : Skeidarájökull, Iceland and Bering glacier, Alaska." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2008. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/2339/.
Full textAbstract:
Eskers are ridges of stratified glaciofluvial material deposited in englacial, subglacial or supraglacial channels and ice-walled canyons. Eskers have been used to infer the dynamics and palaeo-hydrology of large ice sheets, despite observations of palaeo-esker sedimentary architecture lacking rigorous constraints on depositional timescale. This research aims to identify the hydrological, glaciological and sedimentary controls on the sedimentary architecture of single event outburst flood (jokulhlaup) eskers at SkeiOarârjOkull and Bering Glacier. These eskers formed during monitored outbursts, providing time constraints on the depositional events, thereby making the eskers ideal analogues for palaeo-eskers. GPR data was collected using a pulseEKKO Pro 1100 system at SkeiOarârjOkull and Bering Glacier during field seasons in 2006 and 2007. At SkeiOarãrjOkull grids of 100 MHz GPR lines were collected on the glacier surface and 200 MHz GPR grids were collected on all workable sections of an esker and ice-walled canyon fill generated by a jokulhlaup in November 1996. At Bering Glacier 200 MHz GPR grids were collected on workable sections of an ice-walled canyon fill and esker generated during outbursts in July-August and October 1994, respectively. Examination of the GPR data has allowed development of site-specific models for esker and ice-walled canyon fill deposition, providing the first detailed insight into the sedimentary architecture of single event jokulhlaup eskers. These models show that single high-magnitude jOkulhlaups can generate eskers with complexities previously unexpected for single events. The englacial position of an esker is controlled by the presence of structural weaknesses within the ice and the jokulhlaup release mechanism. Esker sedimentary architecture, on the other hand, is controlled by a complex interaction between hydrological, glaciological and sedimentary factors. The most fundamental control on jokulhlaup esker sedimentary architecture is conduit geometry, which determines the type of macroform from which the esker is composed. Thus, eskers deposited during jOkulhlaups should be made up of both wide ridges as composite macroforms in areas of conduit expansion and narrow ridges composed of upper-stage plane beds in constricted conduits. The smaller scale sedimentary features, which include antidunes and boulder clusters, as well as the frequency of erosional structures, are controlled by interactions between the flow conditions and sediment supply. The eskers generated during the 1996 SkeiOarãrhlaup and 1994 Bering Glacier outburst flood demonstrate sedimentary architectures that are similar to those identified in many palaeo-eskers described from previous studies. The research suggests that jOkulhlaups may have had a greater role in palaeo-esker sedimentary architecture than previously hypothesised.
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Steenkamp, Andries Jacobus. "Safety leadership initiatives in Eskom, generation : a case study on the reduction of lost time injuries due to the effect of safety leadership initiatives in Eskom, generation division." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6423.
Full text
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Van, Renen Olaf Pieter. "Eskom nuclear generation : risk mitigation through quality management development of small suppliers." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2220.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MTech (Quality))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009.<br>There is a South African Government initiative to use State-owned Enterprises
(SOE's) to roll out a programme for the development and stimulation of local
small businesses in South Africa. The state has requested SOE's to set targets on
a voluntary basis to increase trade with small businesses, with the purpose of
developing small enterprises to eventually enhance skills transfer, training and
employment. However, when large customers such as Eskom Nuclear Generation
require ISO certification as a prerequisite for a supplier to provide goods and/or
services to them, most small businesses are unable to comply.
The requirement of IS09000 compliance inhibits the ability of most small
businesses to compete with their larger counterparts. Small businesses constitute
as much as 90% of most world economies. They have many advantages to offer
customers, such as a high level of flexibility, innovation and responsiveness to
customer needs. These attributes can introduce healthy competition to the supply
chain. Small businesses, by their very nature experience more risks, such as a higher
vulnerability to volatile market forces and skills loss. In addition, they are
generally less specialised.
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Van, Reenen Olaf Pieter. "Eskom nuclear generation : risk mitigation through quality management development of small suppliers." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1223.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MTech (Quality)--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009<br>There is a South African Government initiative to use State-owned Enterprises
(SOE’s) to roll out a programme for the development and stimulation of local
small businesses in South Africa. The state has requested SOE’s to set targets on
a voluntary basis to increase trade with small businesses, with the purpose of
developing small enterprises to eventually enhance skills transfer, training and
employment. However, when large customers such as Eskom Nuclear Generation
require ISO certification as a prerequisite for a supplier to provide goods and/or
services to them, most small businesses are unable to comply.
The requirement of ISO9000 compliance inhibits the ability of most small
businesses to compete with their larger counterparts. Small businesses constitute
as much as 90% of most world economies. They have many advantages to offer
customers, such as a high level of flexibility, innovation and responsiveness to
customer needs. These attributes can introduce healthy competition to the supply
chain.
Small businesses, by their very nature experience more risks, such as a higher
vulnerability to volatile market forces and skills loss. In addition, they are
generally less specialised. They are under continuous competitive pressure, and
are generally not able to provide assurance of a sustainable product over a longer
period. Although there is an imperative to develop and use small suppliers, they
introduce higher risk to the supply chain.
The primary research objective of this dissertation is to develop a robust model to
identify risks inherent to small businesses, and to propose measures to mitigate
such risks. A classification of problems with small suppliers that have occurred at
Koeberg Nuclear Power Station over a period of 3 years (from June 2005 to May
2008), will form the basis of the research methodology.
The anticipated findings of the research include the following.
_ Several common critical issues of failure will be identified in the internal
processes of small suppliers, with variations between types of suppliers, which
will indicate which elements within the context of ISO9000 can be applied to
address shortcoming in the suppliers’ processes.
_ A matrix will be compiled from this by which the customer can identify the
type of supplier, the types of risks inherent to that supplier, and which
elements of ISO9000 the customer should insist upon to be adopted into an
elementary quality management system of that small supplier. This should be
executed as part of a larger supplier development programme.
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Vainio, A. (Anna). "Bedrock fracture zones and esker chains in the Kyläniemi area, SE Finland." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2013. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201306051513.
Full textAbstract:
The Kyläniemi area is situated in the Salpausselkä I- Salpausselkä II end moraine zone. Bedrock fracture zones are less well studied in the study area because the area is mostly under water and bedrock is exposed only on little islands. The primary aim of this work was to study bedrock of the study area, bedrock fracture zones and their relationship to esker chains in the study area. The work forms a part of Subjärki project which is a joint research venture of the University of Oulu and POSIVA Oy. The work has been carried out by geologic field work on bedrock exposures, Ground Penetrating Radar measurements (GPR), map interpretation and GIS-methods. Map interpretation of fracture zones and esker chains were carried out by using Digital Elevation Model and Laser scanning data. In addition, sand and gravel data of Geological Survey of Finland (2012) and topographic maps from National Land survey of Finland were used in map interpretation. Digitizing of fracture zones and esker were done with Arc Map. Observations on orientation of bedrock jointing can be divided in three classes: northwest-southeast, northeast-southwest and west-east orientation. Observations on jointing are following the general orientation of fracture zones in the study area. Jointing is mostly sheeting type, but in some exposures there is also wedge jointing type. On the basis of GRP-measurements reflections indicate mostly sheeting joints, but there are also hyperbolic reflections that could be indicating wedge joint type. Observations made on bedrock surface could not be correlated to GPR-profiles because joints are not extending very deep. Fracture zones in the study area can be divided in three classes: northwest-southeast, west-east and north-south orientation. The length of fracture zones is from few metres in exposures to few ten kilometres in regional scale. Eskers follow the orientation of fracture zones in southwest and northwest parts of the study area. In northeast side of Second Salpauselkä eskers do not follow the orientation of fracture zones, instead eskers run perpendicular to fracture zones. In southeast side of Second Salpausselkä eskers follow the north-south orientation of fracture zones. Eskers seem to follow the orientation of fracture zones only further of Second Salpauselkä, in its northwest- and south sides<br>Saimaan alueen ruhjevyöhykkeet ovat huonosti tutkittuja, koska alue on enimmäkseen veden alla ja kallioperä on paljastunut vain pienillä saarilla. Tämän työn tavoitteena on ollut tutkia alueen kallioperää ja ruhjevyöhykkeitä sekä niiden mahdollista yhteyttä Saimaan alueen harjujen kulkuun. Työ on toteutettu osana Subjärki-projektia Oulun yliopistossa. Työn tilaajana on Posiva Oy. Työhön kuului geologista kallioperäkartoitusta kalliopaljastumilla sekä maatutkaluotausta. Lisäksi tehtiin karttatulkintaa ja käytettiin GIS-menetelmiä. Ruhjevyöhykkeiden ja harjujen tulkintaan käytettiin digitaalista korkeusmallia DEM sekä laserkeilausaineistoa. Lisäksi käytettiin Geologian tutkimuskeskukselta (2012) saatuja sora- ja hiekka-aineksen arviointikarttoja sekä maanmittauslaitoksen topografisia karttoja. Tulkinta tehtiin Arc Map-ohjelmalla. Tutkimusalueen rakohavainnot voidaan jakaa karkeasti luode-kaakkosuuntaisiin, koillinen-lounassuuntaisiin sekä länsi-itäsuuntaisiin. Rakohavainnot vastaavat tutkimusalueen ruhjevyöhykkeiden suuntaa. Tutkimusalueen rakoilu on laatta- tai kiilarakoilua. Maatutkaluotausaineistossa näkyy lähinnä laattarakoilua, mutta muutamilla paljastumilla rakoilu on hyperbolista, joka voisi mahdollisesti indikoida kiilarakoilua. Pinnalla tehtyjä havaintoja ei voida korreloida maatutkaluotauksessa näkyviin heijastuspintoihin, koska pinnalla tehdyt havainnot eivät ulotu kallionpintaa syvemmälle. Tutkimusalueen ruhjevyöhykkeet voidaan jakaa suurpiirteisesti kolmeen luokkaan: luoteis-kaakkosuuntaiset, länsi-itäsuuntaiset ja pohjois-eteläsuuntaiset ruhjevyöhykkeet. Ruhjeiden pituus on paljastumamittakaavan muutamien metrien pituisista raoista alueellisen mittakaavan muutamiin kilometrien tai muutamien kymmenien kilometrien pituisiin ruhjeisiin. Harjut kulkevat ruhjevyöhykkeiden suunnassa tutkimusalueen lounais- ja luoteisosissa. Toisen Salpausselän koillispuolella harjut kulkevat ruhjevyöhykkeitä vastaan kohtisuorassa. Toisen Salpauselän kaakkoispuolella harjut kulkevat suurpiirteisesti ruhjeiden suunnassa noudattaen pohjois-eteläsuuntaista ruhjevyöhykkeiden suuntaa. Harjut näyttävät mukailevan ruhjevyöhykkeiden suuntaa, mutta näin tapahtuu vain kauempana Salpausselkävyöhykkeestä, toisen Salpausselän luoteis- ja eteläpuolella
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Ngqangweni, Bongiwe. "A Time series analysis of physical ability among Eskom distribution's powerline electricians." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/435.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MPH)--University of Limpopo, 2010.<br>Physical Ability Analysis (PAA) is a physical work capacity indicator for the health and
wellbeing of the organisational workforce. Employees doing powerline work and similarly
physically demanding positions are assessed using a battery of tests called the physical ability
analysis (PAA), inclusive of a cardiovascular test component, a strength component for upper
body and lower body, the endurance component, and a record of health problems. The results are
classified into five categories that are indicative of their physical work ability. It is therefore
crucial that a high level of physical capacity is maintained to ensure a sustainable workforce.
Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the physical ability and common health
problems among powerline electricians in Eskom Distribution over time, and determine the
extent to which variations, if any exist, could be explained by the socio-demographic
characteristics, health problems or lifestyle habits.
Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of Eskom Distribution’s powerline electricians was done
using occupational medical records found in the institutional database for the period of 2003,
2005 and 2008.
Results: A total of 50 records meeting the selection criteria were analyzed. At the time of the
study, the power line electricians were old as 94% of them were over 50 years old, overweight
(46%), and suffering from chronic conditions such as hypertension (22%), diabetes (8%). In
addition, 19% suffered from back injuries, 2% from knee injuries, while 32% smoked cigarettes.
Given their health profile, they became sicker for longer periods as reflected by the increasing
number of sick leave days (95% of the cases that took leave had hypertension). The physical
ability levels improved from baseline (46%) to 62% in 2008. A shift of PAA2 participants in the
47 – 51year age group was the reason for the increase and the youngest group of electricians
remained in PAA category 1 throughout the study period. Muscle function was a strong predictor
for meeting the required physical ability level, most measurements that were significantly
associated with physical ability score, leg strength, noted as the strongest predictor among them
(OR 123.00; p = 0.00, 95% CI, 9.22-1573.00), followed by abdominal endurance (OR 43.49; p =
0.01, 95% CI, 2.49-786.13) and grip strength of the right hands, with similar odds to the
abdominal strength (OR 41.00; p = 0.00, 95% CI, 3.65-461.04) with back strength at (OR 28.50;
p = 0.01, 95% CI, 2.37-342.61).
Conclusion: With regard to physical ability, the study concludes that age is a strong predictor for
physical ability as the youngest group ( 49years old) of electricians remained in PAA1
throughout the study period, and were approximately four times likely to meet the required
12
physical ability standard than their older counterparts and that regular physical assessment and
rehabilitation have been effective in maintaining the physical ability of electricians.
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Solombela, Babalwa. "Management challanges regarding employees with disabilities at Eskom Gauteng : an EAP experience." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/73045.
Full textAbstract:
It is important that employees with disabilities are recognised as valuable contributors to the growth and profitability of organisations and ultimately the country. However, on the broad status of disability and equality, data reveals that despite access to guidelines, there has been very little progress regarding the awareness of and action to address the stigma and misconceptions about disability, nor enough work to enable the development of skills to accommodate persons with disabilities into the workplace adequately.
Evidence shows that employers still discriminate against employees with disabilities and do not fully utilise the talents and skills that persons with disabilities can bring to the workforce.
The ideal outcome is that managers should strive to create an inclusive workforce and to implement all labour and Employment Equity legislation meaningfully.
The goal of the study was to identify and describe the challenges experienced by managers of employees with disabilities. By law, employers are obligated to evaluate the effectiveness of their workplace strategy on the management of disability at regular intervals and make improvements where required. The study was motivated by lack of availability of research and understanding of the experiences and challenges of managers of employees with disabilities.
It was found that managers are predominately unable to effectively manage employees with disabilities because they are not trained nor provided with the requisite skills and knowledge to deal with issues of disability in the workplace.
The study from an EAP perspective was motivated by the minimal research on the involvement and role of EAP in disability management in the workplace. The potential role of EAP regarding disability management was identified in the study. The role for EAP in disability management and recommendations in the regard is likely to have implications on the practice of EAP in relation to the management of employees with disabilities within the workplace.<br>Mini Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2019.<br>Social Work and Criminology<br>MA<br>Unrestricted
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Vochyán, David. "Administrativní budova ESKO-T, stavebně technologický projekt." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265518.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this thesis is compile building and technological project of new office building of the company ESKO-T in Třebíč. This is a two-storey building, build technology cast-in-place longitudinal reinforced concrete frame with mono-pitched roof. Work is consist of a possible solution of steel, concrete and formwork of rental shop to building. Building and technological project, technological regulation for concreting, draft machine configuration, documentation broker transport relations, the crane card and concrete pump, control od worte quality, time schedule and building budget rough upper construction, environmental protection, occupational safety and health, object work schedule and price comparison concreting with hanging silo for concrete and concrete pump.
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Baloyi, Gidion. "The effectiveness of the project management life cycle in Eskom Limpopo Operating Unit." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2589.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MBA.) -- University of Limpopo, 2018<br>South Africa is a developing state; the roles of the state owned entities in encouraging
economic growth and contributing to the mitigation of unemployment and poverty
eradication are unavoidable. Project management from an engineering development perspective and as an industrial discipline has been investigated and published throughout the past period. It could be said that the subject is mature, as recent publications on project management fail to bring new knowledge to light particularly in Eskom. This mini dissertation studies the most significant serious success factors in the effective
project management in different departmental conditions within Eskom. Projects are being
used daily in Eskom to achieve the company goal. In recent years researchers have become increasingly interested in factors that may have an impact on project management effectiveness and the success of projects. However, there is little research that shows how effectively projects are managed in a business organisational context like Eskom. My Study aims to partly fill this gap by presenting results from a case study and surveys of Eskom as an organisation practising project management. It also aims to investigate the effectiveness of project management in terms of Eskom Divisional structures, technical competency, Eskom Project leadership ability and the characteristics of an effective project manager. In managing projects, it is significant to know how to handle both the tools and the people and to achieve a balance between the two. Experience, especially in the management of change was perceived to be a significant factor in project success
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Ntshangase, Bonga. "Identifying delay factors in electrical distribution projects at Eskom Northern Cape Operating Unit." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27358.
Full textAbstract:
Delays on electrical engineering projects are a phenomenon at Eskom distribution due to a wide range of causes. These project delays result in Eskom to contravene with Electricity Regulation Act 4 of 2006 in terms of providing efficient, effective and sustainable operation of electricity supply infrastructure, promoting the use of renewable energy sources and energy efficiency as well as to facilitate universal access to electricity for South African consumers (Gazette, 2006). Eskom strives to comply with the Electricity Regulation Act by initiating and implementing strengthening projects, refurbishment (reliability) projects, direct customer projects, infills projects and electrification projects (Eskom, 2014).The severe delays experienced in the delivery of electrical distribution projects have a negative impact on South African economic growth and population. This research study adopted interactive management methodology for the identification of project delay factors in Eskom distribution projects through the use of the idea writing technique, nominal group technique, and interpretive structural modelling technique. The interactive management methodology allows a group of people collaboratively to develop a structure that defines the relationship among the system elements. Using interactive management approach, a total of one hundred and twelve project delay factors were reduced to twenty six significant project delays which formed part of interpretive structural modelling. This research study revealed the hierarchical model illustrating interrelationships between the twenty six identified project delay factors. The research study identified three root causes of delays in electrical distribution projects at Eskom Northern Cape Operating Unit, namely "poor communication", "poor planning", and "project scheduling not properly done". The three identified root causes can be used as critical points for eradicating delays in electrical distribution projects at Eskom Northern Cape Operating Unit. The research study found that a total of ten out of twenty six project delay factors were unique to electrical distribution projects at Eskom Northern Cape Operating Unit.
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Moonsamy, Sivabakiam Maduray. "Analysis of a human capital plan for the southern region of Eskom distribution." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1010996.
Full textAbstract:
We are living in an era of inconceivable knowledge, skills and talent paucity as technology continue to revolutionise the world, creating new and diverse economic opportunities and changing the perception of work, its environments and the skills and knowledge demanded in organisations. This phenomenon has resulted in global competition for skilled and knowledge workers as the new world of work morphs enigmatically, leaving organisations vulnerable, and unable to deal with this complex issue. Organisational leaders are cognisant of the changes, but are grappling with the problems of managing, retaining, and creating a resilient workforce. If talent is put onto the back burner and left unattended, it has the potential to create overwhelming turmoil in the South African economy and the economies throughout the world. The global changes will impact directly on how we approach workforce challenges in the future. Today, human capital is regarded as the distinct wealth contributor and creator for economic and organisational prosperity (Meyer, 2004). Hence, Human Capital Planning is crucial for every organisation, including Eskom, to ensure that its strategic objectives are met through the effective management and utilisation of its human resources in order to maintain its competitive advantage and ensure its sustainability into the future. Globally, as well as in South Africa, various contributing factors have resulted in skills shortages throughout the energy industry. Eskom has embarked on several growth initiatives requiring additional manpower, diverse specialist knowledge and skills-sets, and a more robust pipeline of technically qualified employees across all levels in the organisation firstly, to sustain itself, and secondly to embed the transition of a high performing organisation by attracting and acquiring the right skills and talent in the right jobs (Eskom Business Plan, 2010). Human Capital Planning is therefore crucial especially for Eskom Distribution, Southern Region to ensure that its strategic objectives are met through the effective management and optimisation of its human resources, whilst simultaneously cognisant of the changing landscape both internally, viz. within the region and the broader Eskom, and externally in South Africa and the global markets.
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Storrar, Robert David. "Reconstructing subglacial meltwater dynamics from the spatial and temporal variation in the form and pattern of eskers." Thesis, Durham University, 2014. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/10671/.
Full textAbstract:
Meltwater drainage beneath glaciers and ice sheets is intimately linked to their dynamics. Meltwater may increase ice velocity if it acts to lubricate the bed; conversely, an efficient subglacial meltwater drainage system may preclude meltwater induced ice acceleration by limiting the amount of water available to facilitate sliding. Thus, understanding the nature of meltwater flow beneath ice masses is crucial for predicting how ice sheets and glaciers will react to increased meltwater input. However, direct observation of subglacial meltwater drainage systems is extremely difficult, meaning that indirect methods such as remote sensing, numerical modelling, dye tracing and geophysical survey are the only way to observe this environment. These methods often suffer from excessive uncertainty and poor spatial and, particularly, temporal resolution. This thesis presents the results of an alternative approach, using the geomorphological record of eskers to understand the former behaviour of meltwater beneath the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) in Canada, and at Breiðamerkurjӧkull in Iceland. Eskers are elongate, sinuous ridges of glaciofluvial sand and gravel deposited in glacial drainage channels. Despite a large body of research on eskers, no systematic analysis of the large-scale properties of eskers, or the implications this may have for understanding subglacial meltwater, has yet been undertaken. Eskers are mapped at the ice sheet (continental) scale in Canada from 678 Landsat ETM+ images and at high resolution (~30 cm) from 407 aerial photographs of the Breiðamerkurjӧkull foreland, in order to address three outstanding questions: (i) What controls the pattern and morphology of eskers? (ii) How did subglacial drainage systems evolve during ice sheet deglaciation? (iii) How can eskers be used to further our understanding of subglacial hydrology? Over 20,000 eskers are mapped in Canada, revealing that esker systems are up to 760 km long, and are surprisingly straight. The spacing between eskers is relatively uniform and they exhibit little change in elevation from one end to another. As the LIS deglaciated between 13 cal ka and 7 cal ka, eskers increased in frequency, which is interpreted to represent an increase in meltwater drainage in channelized, rather than distributed, systems. Eskers are abundant over the resistant rocks of the Canadian Shield and also show a strong preference for formation in areas covered with till. Esker length, sinuosity and spacing appear to be unrelated to the underlying geology. Finally, two types of complex esker systems are proposed: esker fan complexes and topographically constrained esker complexes. The formation of esker complexes is dependent on sediment and meltwater supply and the pre-existing topography controls the overall shape of the esker systems.
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Slade, Michael Peter. "Electricity cost optimisation of a surface potable water pump system / M.P. Slade." Thesis, North-West University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1845.
Full textAbstract:
South Africa is fast approaching an era where its electrical energy demand will surpass the generating capacity of it's primary utility. The reason for this is due to the fact that over the past 10 years, the economic growth in South Africa has increased considerably and has become very energy intensive. South African electrical energy consumption is currently estimated to be growing at a rate of around 1 000 MW per year.
Due to the electrical energy demand being the greatest during peak-times, Eskom has introduced various "time of use" tariff structures, such as Megaflex and Ruraflex. These two tariff structures differentiate between standard, peak and off-peak periods of the day, as well as different seasons of the year. The tariffs for these different scenarios are adjusted such that the consumers are persuaded into avoiding unnecessary electrical energy consumption during peak periods.
It has been identified that electrical energy consumption can be split into two categories. One of the categories considers sectors where there are a large number of electrical energy consumers, each utilising a negligible amount of power. The other category considers sectors where there are few electrical energy consumers, each utilising large amounts of power. This therefore means that the consumers in the latter category have a great potential in implementing more efficient ways of consuming power.
In order to try and control the electrical energy demand problem in South Africa, Eskom has implemented a DSM (Demand Side Management) programme in order to help the larger energy consumers in shifting their peak-time loads to off-peak periods. If the client wishes to shift their load to off-peak periods, Eskom will assist by funding all costs to carry out such a project.
According to Eskom's monitoring and verification team, Eskom's DSM initiative has proven to be highly successful. Since the inception of Eskom's DSM programme in 2003, up until the end of 2005, an accumulated total load reduction of 296.3 MW has successfully been realised.
At present, most water distribution schemes have been developed without making use of Eskom's DSM initiative. As these schemes consume considerable amounts of electrical energy, they are prime candidates for an initiative such as Eskom's DSM initiative.
It had previously been identified that the Vaal Gamagara Water Scheme, situated in Delportshoop, was a prime candidate for Eskom's DSM initiative. Presented in this dissertation are the findings of the DSM investigation. Although the project has yet to be implemented, the proposed intervention methodology was manually tested, where a 3 MW load shift in the evening peak and a 3.6 MW load shift in the morning peak was achieved. If the current intervention methodology is maintained, the annual savings will be in the region of R 830,000.00.<br>Thesis (M.Ing. (Electrical Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.
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Van, Niekerk Mariette. "Developing a tool for project contingency estimation in Eskom Distribution Western Cape Operating Unit." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71653.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Construction projects are risky by nature, with many variables a ecting their outcome.
A contingency cost and duration are allocated to the budget and schedule
of a project to provide for the possible impact of risks.
To enable the management of project-related risk on a portfolio level, contingency
estimation must be performed consistently and objectively. The current
project contingency estimation method used in the capital program management
department of Eskom Distribution Western Cape Operating Unit is not standardised,
and is based solely on expert opinion. The aim of the study was to
develop a contingency estimation tool to decrease the in
uence of subjectivity on
contingency estimation methods throughout the project lifecycle so as to enable
consistent project risk re
ection on a portfolio level.
From a review of contingency estimation approaches in literature, a hybrid
method combining neural network analysis of systemic risks and expected value
analysis of project-speci c risks was chosen.
Interviews were conducted with project managers (regarding network asset
construction projects completed in the last two nancial years) to distinguish
systemic and project-speci c risk impact on cost and duration growth. Outputs
from 22 interviews provided three data patterns for each of 89 projects. After interview
data processing, 138 training patterns pertaining to 85 projects remained
for neural network training, validation and testing.
Six possible neural network inputs (systemic risk drivers) were selected as
project de nition level, cost, duration, business category, voltage category and
job category. A multilayer feedforward neural network was trained using a supervised training approach combining a multi-objective simulated annealing algorithm
with the standard backpropagation algorithm.
Neural network results were evaluated for di erent scenarios considering possible
combinations of model input variables and number of hidden nodes. The
best scenario (exclusion of business category input with nine hidden nodes) was
chosen based on training and validation errors. Validation error levels are comparable
to those of similar studies in the project management eld. The chosen
scenario was shown to outperform multiple linear regression, but calculated R2
values were lower than anticipated. It is expected that neural network performance
will further improve as additional training patterns become available.
The trained neural network was combined with an expected value analysis
tool (risk register format) to estimate contingency due to systemic risks alongside
an estimation of contingency due to project-speci c risks. The project-speci c
expected value method was modi ed by basing the contingency estimation on the
expected number of realised risks according to a binomial scenario. A total cost
distribution was included in tool outputs by assuming the contingency cost equal
to the standard deviation of the cost estimate.
To aid business integration of the developed tool, study outputs included the
points in the project lifecycle model at which the tool should be applied, and the
process by which tool outputs become inputs to the enterprise risk management
system.
By following this approach, systemic and project-speci c risks are contained
in a single tool providing contingency cost and duration output on project level,
while enabling integration with reporting on program, portfolio and enterprise
level.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Konstruksieprojekte het van nature 'n ho e risiko omdat hulle uitsette deur baie
veranderlikes gea ekteer word. Gebeurlikheidsreserwes vir koste en tyd word
toegeken aan die begroting en skedule van 'n projek om voorsiening te maak vir
die moontlike gevolge van risiko's.
Om die bestuur van projekverwante risiko op 'n portefeulje-vlak te vergemaklik,
moet die beraming van gebeurlikheidsreserwes op 'n konsekwente en
objektiewe manier uitgevoer word. Die huidige beramingsmetode vir projek
gebeurlikheidsreserwes in die kapitaal programbestuur departement van Eskom
Distribusie Wes-Kaap Bedryfseenheid is nie gestandardiseer nie, en word slegs
gebaseer op deskundige opinie. Die doel van hierdie studie was om 'n gebeurlikheidsreserwe
beramingsinstrument te ontwikkel wat die invloed van subjektiwiteit
op beramingsmetodes verminder deur die hele projeklewensiklus, en sodoende die
konsekwente weerspie eling van projekrisiko op 'n portefeulje-vlak, te bewerkstellig.
Vanuit 'n studie van bestaande literatuur oor gebeurlikheidsreserwe-beraming,
is 'n hibriede metode wat neurale netwerk analise van sistemiese risiko's en verwagte
waarde analise van projek-spesi eke risiko's kombineer, gekies.
Onderhoude is gevoer met projekbestuurders (rakende netwerk batekonstruksieprojekte
wat voltooi is in die afgelope twee nansi ele jare) om te onderskei
tussen die impak van sistemiese en projek-spesi eke risiko's op koste- en duurgroei.
Uitsette van 22 onderhoude het drie datapatrone vir elk van 89 projekte
verskaf. Na onderhouddata verwerk is, het 138 datapatrone vanuit 85 projekte
oorgebly vir neurale netwerk opleiding, validasie en toetsing.
Ses moontlike neurale netwerk insette (sistemiese risikodrywers) is gekies as
projek de nisievlak, koste, duur, besigheidskategorie, spanningskategorie en werkskategorie.
'n Multi-laag vooruitvoerende neurale netwerk is deur 'n opleidingonder-
toesig benadering opgelei { 'n multi-doelwit gesimuleerde uitgloei ngsalgoritme
gekombineer met die standaard agteruit-propagerende algoritme.
Die resultate van die neurale netwerk is oorweeg vir verskillende scenario's rakende
moontlike kombinasies van die aantal versteekte nodes en model insetveranderlikes.
Die beste scenario (uitsluiting van besigheidskategorie inset met nege
versteekte nodes) is gekies op grond van opleidings- en validasiefoute. Validasie
foutvlakke is vergelykbaar met di e van soortgelyke studies in die projekbestuur
veld. Daar is gewys dat die gekose scenario meervoudige line^ere regressie klop,
maar met laer R2 waardes as wat verwag is. Dit word verwag dat die neurale
netwerk beter sal presteer soos bykomende opleidingsdatapatrone beskikbaar
word.
Die opgeleide neurale netwerk is gekombineer met 'n verwagte waarde analise
instrument (risiko-register formaat) om gebeurlikheidsreserwes as gevolg van sistemiese
risiko's hand-aan-hand met gebeurlikheidsreserwes as gevolg van projekspesi
eke risiko's, te beraam. Die projek-spesi eke verwagte waarde metode is
aangepas deur gebeurlikheidsreserwe-beraming te baseer op die aantal verwagte
gerealiseerde risiko's volgens 'n binomiaal scenario. 'n Totale koste-verdeling is
ingesluit in modeluitsette deur aan te neem dat die gebeurlikheidsreserwe vir
koste gelyk is aan die standaardafwyking van die kosteberaming.
Om die besigheidsintegrasie van die ontwikkelde instrument te vergemaklik,
het studie uitsette die punte in die projek lewensiklus waarby die instrument
toegepas moet word, en die proses waardeur instrument uitsette omgesit word na
insette vir die risikobestuur sisteem op ondernemingsvlak, ingesluit.
Deur hierdie benadering te volg, word sistemiese en projek-spesi eke risiko's
omvat in een instrument wat gebeurlikheidsreserwes vir koste en tyd op projekvlak
verskaf. Die integrasie met verslagdoening op program-, portefeulje- en
ondernemingsvlak word ook bewerkstellig.
38
Mtepa, Msafiri. "Eskom operational efficiency : an investigation of the productivity, financial and technical performance of resources." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6926.
Full textAbstract:
Bibliography: leaves 152-161.<br>There have been major changes in the electricity supply industry in most parts of the world. In South Africa, the government intends to restructure and/or introduce competition in the ESI. The need to reform, to introduce competition and/or to privatise power utilities is primarily aimed at boosting their efficiencies, although other reform drivers such as facilitation of Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) and mobilisation of private capital should not be neglected. There are, however, conflicting opinions concerning ESI reform and/or privatisation in South Africa. On the one hand, the advocates of power sector reform and privatisation argue that South Africa's existing ESI is not efficient and therefore must be restructured, thereafter competition must be introduced in the industry to boost its efficiency and the quality of its supply. On the other hand, the opponents of reform and competition argue persuasively that the ESI (particularly Eskom) is performing well, because Eskom is currently selling electricity at a lower price than many (if not all) other utilities in the world while nevertheless still earning a profit. As performance improvements ultimately result in lower prices and high quality services, many attribute Eskom's comparatively low prices to an efficient operational performance and are of the opinion that the organisation does not need to be restructured. However, low operational costs do not necessarily imply that all efficiency improvements have been realised and may, in part, be due to factors such as low fuel costs. Furthermore, whilst improvements in operational performance do indeed reduce operating costs, investment efficiency, which has an even longer-term impact, reduces the proportion of capital-related costs in the electricity price. In this regard, the South African government's intention to restructure the ESI should not be mistakenly ascribed to its aim of improving Eskom's operational performance only but rather to its wish to achieve a number of objectives including improved investment efficiency and also attracting foreign direct investment (FDI).
39
Fredericks, Cameron. "HIV/AIDS-related stigma in the South African construction industry: the case of ESKOM." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14131.
Full textAbstract:
The South African construction industry has not responded effectively to address the high HIV-prevalence rate within its workforce. The Western Cape construction industry is the least responsive. No formal studies have examined how the construction industry's unresponsiveness to the pandemic has impacted Eskom's capital construction projects. Central to the fight against the spread of the disease is voluntary testing and counselling (VCT). AIDS-related stigma and discrimination are impediments to VCT. The aim of this study is to explore how stigmatisation and discrimination of HIV/AIDS positive persons negatively impacts site-based HIV/AIDS intervention programmes implemented at Eskom construction sites. The three main objectives are: to determine the current attitude and views Koeberg employees have towards HIV/AIDS; to determine if the stigma of HIV/AIDS prevents Koeberg employees from accessing HIV intervention programmes offered at Koeberg; and to determine the percentage of Koeberg employees utilising the HIV intervention programme at Koeberg. A self-administered questionnaire gathered data from 296 site-based employees, mostly contract construction workers, at Koeberg Nuclear Power Station, located in Cape Town. The data were analysed using Pearson's product-moment correlation, the test for differences in means, the chi- square test for independence, and multiple regression analysis. These statistical analyses were conducted to determine relationships among 'demographic' variables (age, gender, ethnicity, employment type, marital status and education level) and 'cognitive ' and 'behavioural' factors ('lifestyle risk', 'condom non-compliance', 'substance use', 'HIV/AIDS knowledge', and 'attitudinal fear of testing') - to predict HIV/AIDS-related stigma. The results indicate that: (1) age predicts lifestyle risk, condom non-compliance and alcohol consumption - younger workers i.e., under 30 years, consume more alcohol , partake to a greater extent in riskier sexual affairs , but practice safer sex than older workers; (2) gender predicts lifestyle risk and alcohol use, and directly influences attitudinal fear of being tested for HIV – younger men, particularly contract construction workers, tend to be more fearful of being tested for HIV, lead riskier sexual lifestyles, and consume greater amounts of alcohol; (3) ethnicity predicts condom non- compliance and alcohol consumption – 'White', 'Indian' and 'Coloured' men are less likely to use condoms and consume more alcohol than 'Black' African men; and (4) HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitudinal fear of testing predicts stigmatised views toward HIV/AIDS - those with lower levels of education and possessing poor knowledge about HIV/AIDS, coupled with high attitudinal fear of testing, hold highly stigmatised views towards HIV/AIDS persons. 'Coloured' employees living with HIV have higher levels of felt-stigma and enacted stigma than 'Black' African employees living with HIV. The Koeberg site-based HIV/AIDS intervention programme should increase its focus on communicating the benefits of being tested for HIV/AIDS, and encourage younger men, particularly contract construction workers, to undergo testing. Effort should also be focussed on reassuring employees about their confidentiality and dispel misinformation and myths associated with the disease. Finally, Koeberg senior management should pledge their support, influence and guide construction firms employed at Koeberg to utilise the Eskom HIV/AIDS intervention programme.
40
Chibba, Rajesh Chagan. "An empirical study on staff turnover and retention within Eskom : Eastern Cape Operating Unit." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017514.
Full textAbstract:
This research paper is broken up into three sections, namely an evaluation report, a literature review and a description of the research methodology. The evaluation report section is an assessment of the factors that could contribute to staff leaving the organisation and why staff would choose to remain with the organisation. The Distribution Division of Eskom is divided into nine separate Operating Units (OU's), in line with the nine Provinces. According to an Eskom Human Resource Manager (Mjali, 2013), as at March 2012 there were 2231 employees in the Easter Cape Operating Unit, while the staff turnover for the same period was 4.53%. Of the 101 staff that had resigned for the period 01 April 2011 to 31 March 2012, there were 27 transfers, 26 resignations and 30 retirements. The balance of 18 staff that left was due to dismissals and deaths. While the statistics suggest a healthy level of staff turnover at present, given the current pressures that Eskom employees are under, it is important to investigate their future intentions and to see what Eskom can do to continue to retain their services. The literature relating to staff turnover and retention was examined to determine the meaning of the terms retention and turnover and to review the relevant turnover topics that were emerging from the exit interview data. The research conducted was quantitative in nature, and a questionnaire was distributed to all managerial staff within the Eastern Cape Operating Unit of Eskom. The questionnaire was sent electronically to the participants via email with the link to the questionnaire. Participants were requested to respond on questions relating to factors on turnover and retention, and the responses were used to assess employee's intention to either remain with the organisation or to leave. The feedback received was analysed with the use of data analysis in Microsoft Excel (2010). The results of the research showed that there were two distinct themes related to employees' intention to remain with the organisation, namely job satisfaction and career development. On the other end of the scale, themes which would cause staff to want to leave the organisation were the performance management system of the organisation, not being listened to (i.e. to the ideas and views of staff) and leadership (i.e. the way the organisation was being led). Recommendations are made to management. The study also recommends future research that can be done to get greater insight into factors relating to staff turnover and retention. A detailed review of the literature is included in Section two of the report. Only essential components of the literature are included in Section one of report. Section three of the report provided a detailed description of the research design and the research procedure that was followed.
41
Fabricius, Karin. "Trends and perceptions of sustainabilty reporting and corporate governance : a case study of Eskom." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011782.
Full textAbstract:
The King II Report on Corporate Governance was released in March 2002. This report, although focusing on South African businesses, is acclaimed as a world first in setting superior governance standards. Corporate governance in South Africa is undergoing transformation due to the influence of the King II Report, and a range of other global trends such as Global Reporting Initiative guidelines and the infamous collapse of Enron due to governance failures. Non-financial reporting (also referred to as sustainability reporting) forms the main focus of this research project. The financial reporting aspects of corporate governance, and the role of governing boards and auditors fall outside the scope of this study. Through document analysis methods, Eskom's annual reports from 1998 - 2002, were analysed to establish whether patterns in sustainability reporting were identifiable. Employees and consumers of Eskom were. interviewed, using structured interviews to explore their awareness and knowledge regarding sustainability issues. A drastic increase in Eskom's non-financial reporting was identified in 2000. Apart from the corporate governance category, none of the chosen categories showed a major change after the 2002 release of the King II Report. Possible reasons for the lack of clear trends since 2002 are that the pattern is either not yet visible or it could be speculated that Eskom, who had won various reporting awards, is a leader in the field of corporate reporting and specifically on sustainability issues. Eskom had been involved in the reviewing of the first King Report and the drawing up of the recommendations for King II, and could therefore have modified their reporting procedures in 2000, prior'to the release of King II. As shown in the trend analysis, companies are coming under increased pressure to be socially accountable and transparent. This is fast becoming a 'core business issue', illustrated by the status of the King II Report requirements for corporate governance. Even though the terminology 'sustainability reporting' is unfamiliar to employees and consumers, both groups want disclosure and transparency of sustainability issues. Employees were, however, more aware than consumers of Eskom policies regarding sustainability issues. This report recommends that companies take a pro-active approach to corporate governance and sustainability reporting, noting the desire of consumers and employees to be informed about non-financial issues. These stakeholders also need to be made more aware of the meaning and significance of sustainability reporting.
42
Ala-aho, P. (Pertti). "Groundwater-surface water interactions in esker aquifers:from field measurements to fully integrated numerical modelling." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2014. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526206585.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Water resources management calls for methods to simultaneously manage groundwater (GW) and surface water (SW) systems. These have traditionally been considered separate units of the hydrological cycle, which has led to oversimplification of exchange processes at the GW-SW interface. This thesis studied GW hydrology and the previously unrecognised connection of the Rokua esker aquifer with lakes and streams in the area, with the aim of identifying reasons for lake water level variability and eutrophication in the Rokua esker. GW-SW interactions in the aquifer were first studied with field methods. Seepage meter measurements showed substantial spatial variability in GW-lake interaction, whereas transient variability was more modest, although present and related to the surrounding aquifer. Environmental tracers suggested that water exchange occurs in all lakes in the area, but is of varying magnitude in different lakes. Finally, GW-SW interaction was studied in peatland catchments, where drainage channels in the peat soil presumably increased groundwater outflow from the aquifer. Amount and rate of GW recharge were then estimated with a simulation approach developed explicitly to account for the physical characteristics of the Rokua esker aquifer. This produced a spatially and temporally distributed recharge estimate, which was validated by independent field techniques. The results highlighted the impact of canopy characteristics, and thereby forestry management, on GW recharge. The data collected and the new understanding of site hydrology obtained were refined into a fully integrated surface-subsurface flow model of the Rokua aquifer. Simulation results compared favourably to field observations of GW, lake levels and stream discharge. A major finding was of good agreement between simulated and observed GW inflow to lakes in terms of discharge locations and total influx. This thesis demonstrates the importance of using multiple methods to gain a comprehensive understanding of esker aquifer hydrology with interconnected lakes and streams. Importantly, site-specific information on the reasons for water table variability and the trophic status of Rokua lakes, which is causing local concern, is provided. As the main outcome, various field and modelling methods were tested, refined and shown to be suitable for integrated GW and SW resource management in esker aquifers<br>Tiivistelmä Vesivarojen hallinnassa tarvitaan menetelmiä pohja- ja pintaveden kokonaisvaltaiseen huomioimiseen. Pohja- ja pintavesiä tarkastellaan usein erillisinä osina hydrologista kiertoa, mikä on johtanut niiden välisten virtausprosessien yksinkertaistamiseen. Tässä työssä selvitettiin Rokuan pohjavesiesiintymän hydrologiaa ja hydraulista yhteyttä alueella oleviin järviin ja puroihin. Tutkimuksessa pyrittiin osaltaan selvittämään syitä harjualueen järvien pinnanvaihteluun ja veden laatuongelmiin. Kenttätutkimuksissa todettiin voimakasta alueellista vaihtelua järven ja pohjaveden vuorovaikutuksessa. Pohjaveden suotautumisen ajallinen vaihtelu puolestaan oli vähäisempää, mutta havaittavissa, ja kytköksissä järveä ympäröivän pohjavesipinnan vaihteluihin. Merkkiaineet vesinäytteistä viittasivat vastaavan vuorovaikutuksen olevan läsnä myös muissa alueen järvissä, mutta suotautuvan pohjaveden määrän vaihtelevan järvittäin. Turvemailla tehdyt mittaukset osoittivat pohjaveden purkautuvan ojaverkostoon ja ojituksen mahdollisesti lisäävän ulosvirtaamaa pohjavesiesiintymästä. Pohjaveden muodostumismäärää ja -nopeutta tutkittiin numeerisella mallinnuksella, joka kehitettiin huomioimaan harjualueelle ominaiset fysikaaliset tekijät. Mallinnus tuotti arvion ajallisesti ja alueellisesti vaihtelevasta pohjaveden muodostumisesta, joka varmennettiin kenttämittauksilla. Tuloksissa korostui kasvillisuuden, ja sitä kautta metsähakkuiden, vaikutus pohjaveden muodostumismääriin. Hydrologiasta kerätyn aineiston ja kehittyneen prosessiymmärryksen avulla Rokuan harjualueesta muodostettiin täysin integroitu numeerinen pohjavesi-pintavesi virtausmalli. Mallinnustulokset vastasivat mittauksia pohjaveden ja järvien pinnantasoista sekä purovirtaamista. Työn merkittävin tulos oli, että mallinnetut pohjaveden purkautumiskohdat ja purkautumismäärät alueen järviin vastasivat kenttähavaintoja. Tämä työ havainnollisti, että ymmärtääkseen pohjaveden ja siitä riippuvaisten järvien ja purojen vuorovaikutusta harjualueella on käytettävä monipuolisia tutkimusmenetelmiä. Työ toi lisätietoa Rokuan harjualueen vesiongelmien syihin selittäen järvien vedenpinnan vaihtelua ja vedenlaatua pohjavesihydrologialla. Väitöstyön tärkein anti oli erilaisten kenttä- ja mallinnus-menetelmien soveltaminen, kehittäminen ja hyödylliseksi havaitseminen harjualueiden kokonaisvaltaisessa pinta- ja pohjavesien hallinnassa
43
Lynam, Anna. "Moräntäckta rullstensåsar i Västerbottens inland." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-84969.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to map the distribution of till-covered eskers in the inland of Västerbotten County in northern Sweden. The top layers of big eskers along the valleys of Öre River, Ume River and Vindel River were investigated through shallow digging. Findings were investigated through field assessment and soil analysis and many locations with till-covered eskers have been identified in Västerbotten's inland in this survey. The till covering the eskers has probably been transported only short distances and has its origins in glacifluvial material. The pattern is not consistent and there are areas where till does not cover the eskers. This can be explained trough irregular till deposition or that the till has been washed away or alternatively that the upper layer that is interpreted as glacifluvial material actually is till that has only been transported for very short distances. The findings of till-covered eskers in Västerbotten means that the traditional view of the eskers originating from the last deglaciation (Weichsel 3) may need to be reviewed. Where overlaying till has been found on top of eskers it means that the eskers must have originated in an earlier glaciation than the last. Only one layer of till could be discerned on the eskers in the survey, so an explanation could be that the till formed during Weichsel 3 and that the eskers formed earlier by the deglaciation of Weichsel 2, but dating the layers in till-covered eskers is difficult. No transition zone between till-covered to not till-covered eskers was found in this study.
44
Thein, Shane. "Demand side management on an intricate multi-shaft pumping system from a single point of control / Shane Thein." Thesis, North-West University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1645.
Full text
45
Brym, Jan Václav. "Administrativní budova firmy Esko-T v Třebíči - stavebně technologický projekt." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227798.
Full textAbstract:
The subject of this thesis is building and technological project of new office building of the company Esko-T in Trebic. This work technological prescription monolithic frame, inspection and test plans, design mechanical assembly with the deployment of the machines on site, photographs wider transport links nearby buildings, Occupational safety and health, environmental protection, design cell site equipment, contract work, documentation broader transport relations, building equipment, store site cells at the site, the crane card, schedule deployment of machine-schedule construction site, object work schedule, balance and repair workers drawing project documentation, itemized construction budget, energy consumption on site and price compared monolithic and prefabricated skeleton.
46
Makgopa, Mosibudi Anah. "The nature and extent of risk management planning in respect of safety at Eskom Northern Region." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/512.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MBA) --University of Limpopo, 2011<br>Due to the global economic trends, the subject of workplace safety
has become important such that international conventions instituted
the international organisation for standardization to help regulate
and bring about the improved workplace conditions. Safety in the
workplace has become important such that every business
irrespective of its size need to have a proper risk management plan
in place.
Risk management plan will help in identifying hazards; assess the
risks and also provide the strategies to be used to mitigate the
risks. This demand an ongoing management review for continual
improvement through regular audits. Risk management will help in
minimizing the risk and saving the cost as this will result in proactive
but not re-active measures.
Organisation leadership must take the lead in making sure that the
employees are safe. They must communicate what is required from
employees and employees will comply freely. Effective leadership is
the key to a good health and safety. Management must make sure
that employees are trained about workplace safety standards and
policies so that they can carry out their roles and responsibilities as
prescribed in the occupational health and safety act.
Risk management is equal to good corporate governance as it helps
in dealing with uncertain future events that could influence the
achievement of the organisation’s objectives. Therefore risk
management must be embedded in all levels of management and in
the planning stage so that it must form part of the daily activities of
the business.
47
Lekaota, Tsepiso Patricia. "Exploring the effectiveness of a performance enhancement programme within an electricity supply company / Lekaota, T.P." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7059.
Full textAbstract:
Poor employee performance is one of employer’s most common challenges. The
study aims to explore the effectiveness of a Performance Enhancement Programme
(PEP) used within an electricity supply company and identifying the contributing
factors for managers and supervisors not utilizing the programme.
The research method consists of two parts, a literary review and an empirical study.
The empirical study was done by means of a survey conducted on a sample of 210
Eskom supervisors and managers of the North Western Region of Eskom. The
measuring instrument consisted of a structured questionnaire, developed by the
researcher.
The results revealed that supervisors and managers are using PEP and that they
see it as a good tool to manage poor performance. Respondents indicated very
clearly that they need training to be able to address poor performance. The findings
concerning the effectiveness of the PEP were inconclusive.
The small sample size was a limitation to the study. The questionnaire proved to be
lacking in determining the effectiveness of the Performance Enhancement
Programme. The sample only included supervisors and managers in the North
Western Region of Eskom. Further research needs to be conducted with a larger
sample including employees on all levels.<br>Thesis (MBA)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.
48
Van, der Merwe Mauritz Christiaan. "Elektrifisering as onafhanklikheidstrategie vir Eskom." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9518.
Full textAbstract:
M.Com. (Business Management)<br>In February 1990 the State President of the Republic of South Africa unbanned the political organisations that were previously banned. This set the scene for full and free elections. It also brought new role players to the fore. Parastatal institutions, including Eskom, now faced the problem of having to adapt to the new environment. or face the possibility of serious intervention from a new Government. During 1990 Nedcor and Old Mutual formed a team of experts, including one specialist from Eskom, to seek alternative paths that South Africa may embark on in an attempt to foster an environment that would enhance the possibility of a successful transition to a democratic South Africa. The team produced a scenario, which became known as the "change of gears" scenario. One of the cornerstones of this scenario is a kick-start of the economy, inter alia through supplying with electricity those citizens who do not yet have access to electricity. With a view to this the Nedcor/Old Mutual scenario suggests an electrification rate of one million houses per annum. This figure was criticised because of the negative effect it would have on the balance ofpayments. The Nedcor/Old Mutual scenario was presented to many parties, including the Cabinet and the ANC Executive. Although criticism was expressed against this scenario, it served a meaningful purpose in that it was probably one of the impetuses for the ANC's national meeting on electrification and the creation of other scenarios, such as that of Van der Berg. as well as other studies such as this dissertation. This dissertation, comprises an environmental scan of the needs and wants of the parties affected by electricity and electrification. These parties were identified as: Eskom; the local authorities; the people who currently do not have access to electricity; the central government; the unbanned political parties; and the consumers ofelectricity. It has been ascertained that South Africa, in the form of Eskom, has an excess power generating capacity of approximately 25 percent; that 65 percent of the population does not have access to electricity; and that the price of electricity is low as compared to that ofthe rest ofthe world. It has also been established that in South Africa the percentage ofhouseholds (ii) electrified is approximately twice as high as that of any other country on the sub-continent. From this it was concluded that the issue of electrification is a political one, nevertheless an opportunity to improve the economy. The views of the interest groups were studied, with particular emphasis on the views expressed at the ANC's first national meeting on electrification. The views of the parties were reduced to a list of sixteen requirements/expectations. These were divided into two groups, these on which there are a high degree of consensus and those on which agreement would have to be obtained. The latter included the pricing issue for prepaid meter customers versus the other small power users; the effect of poor load distribution on the price paid by black local authorities; the gross underutilisation ofmanpower in the industry, due to the fragmented structures; the redistribution of wealth; strong Government intervention; and the question of the level ofprofits in the industry. From this follows the recommendation that the electricity supply industry be onsolidated under the Eskom structure and that the issue around electrification be depoliticised.It is also recommended that a stable rate of electrification of approximately 250 000 houses per annum be maintained.
49
Gumede, Nkosinomusa S. "Eskom-ZESA interconnected power system modelling." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/21110.
Full textAbstract:
A research report submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Engineering, 2016<br>The power system frequency must be kept as close as possible to the nominal
value. This is due to the inherent design of electrical equipment to operate
efficiently at the nominal frequency. Frequency regulation in an interconnected
power system is the duty of all members of the interconnection. However, in the
Eskom-ZESA interconnected power system Eskom engineers ignore the
contribution of the ZESA system to primary frequency control. This is mainly
due to the prevalent assumption that the ZESA control area is small relative to
the Eskom control area and its contribution to primary frequency control of the
interconnected power system is negligible. This document presents a project
that examines the validity of this assumption via determination of the
contribution of the ZESA system to the interconnected power system’s primary
frequency control.
The interconnected power systems background was studied to understand the
theory behind the operation of two or more interconnected power systems.
System frequency disturbances deemed to be a good representation of the
Eskom-ZESA interconnected power system’s performance were selected and
analysed to validate the current assumption. The results show that there is a
significant support from ZESA during a system frequency disturbance. This
proves that the existing assumption is not valid anymore.
Furthermore; the generator model that mimics the Eskom-ZESA tie-line
governing behaviour was developed. Two different types of governor models
were employed; firstly the IEEEG1 governor was tuned to control generator
output to match the tie-line performance and then the TGOV5 governor model
was used. The IEEEG1 governor model is a simplified governor representation;
as a result, it is not easy to tune the parameters to match tie-line response.
However, the performance is acceptable and it can be used to represent the tieline
governor response. The TGOV5 governor model is very complex as
discussed in section 4.2. The model includes boiler dynamics, and this
improves performance such that it is possible to tune the parameters to follow
the tie-line performance as close as necessary.<br>GR2016
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Harley, Sanette. "'n Bemiddelingsopleidingsmodel vir bestuurders in ESKOM." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/15021.
Full textAbstract:
M.A. (Social Work)<br>This development research aims to develop a prototype mediation model for leaders to enable them to solve conflict effectively on the shop floor. The primary motivation for the study is an attempt to find a workable solution for day to day conflict. Such a solution has to be practical, easy to implement and coincide with current processes within the Generation Group ...