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Journal articles on the topic 'Esophageal and gastric varices'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 July 2025

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1

Sato, Takahiro, and Katsu Yamazaki. "Endoscopic Color Doppler Ultrasonography for Esophagogastric Varices." Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy 2012 (November 29, 2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/859213.

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Esophagogastric varices are considered to be the most common complication in patients with portal hypertension. Endoscopic ultrasonography not only visualizes the surface of the varices but also provides detailed information about their internal structure. The direction of blood flow can be determined and its velocity measured only via endoscopic color Doppler ultrasonography (ECDUS). This can show graphically esophageal varices, paraesophageal veins, and passageways in esophageal variceal patients and gastric varices, perigastric collateral veins in gastric variceal patients. It is important

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2

Goff, John S. "Endoscopic Variceal Ligation for Treatment of Bleeding Varices." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 6, no. 4 (1992): 213–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1992/216372.

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Endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) was developed as an alternative to endoscopic variceal sclerosis (ES) because of the latter's high complication rate. The new technique involves placement of small elastic bands around the variceal channels in the distal esophagus. Initial open trials with EVL showed that it was safe and effective therapy for bleeding esophageal varices. EVL can be used emergently to control actively hemorrhaging varices and electively to eradicate varices with repeated sessions. When compareJ directly with results obtained with ES retrospectively and prospectively, EVL is eq

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Huang, Xiaoquan, Detong Zou, Huishan Wang, et al. "Gastric variceal obstruction improves the efficacy of endoscopic management of esophageal variceal bleeding in GOV type I." Endoscopy International Open 12, no. 08 (2024): E940—E946. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-2360-4490.

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Abstract Background and study aims Limited data exist regarding endoscopic obstruction of type I gastroesophageal (GOV I) in managing bleeding from esophageal varices. In this multicenter retrospective cohort study, we aimed to access the efficacy of blocking gastric varices in management of bleeding from esophageal varices in patients with GOV1. Patients and methods Cirrhotic patients experiencing bleeding from esophageal varices and having GOV I gastric varices in four centers were screened. All included patients were followed up for 180 days, or until death. Results A total of 93 cirrhotic

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Kapil D. Jamwal. "Gastric Variceal Bleeding: Is Endoscopic Ultrasound the Next Game Changer in the Management of Gastric Varices?" Gastroenterology & Hepatology Letters 3, no. 1 (2021): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18063/ghl.v3i1.264.

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Gastric varices (GV) are present in 15-25% of cirrhotic patients with type 1 gastroesophageal varices (GOV1) being the most common[1,2]. In comparison to esophageal varices, the incidence of gastric variceal bleeding is low (10-20%) and is not proportional to portal venous pressure as noted in the esophageal varices, which has a rebleeding rate of up to 30% noted in GV[2,3]. The GV bleeding is difficult to control due to the presence of a thick mucosal layer over the GV, which does not collapse during bleeding.

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GARG, Manjri, Tarana GUPTA, and Sandeep GOYAL. "CYANOACRYLATE GLUE FOR GASTROESOPHAGEAL VARICES: A SINGLE CENTRE EXPERIENCE FROM NORTH INDIA." Arquivos de Gastroenterologia 59, no. 3 (2022): 434–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-2803.202203000-77.

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ABSTRACT Background: In natural history of cirrhosis, variceal bleeding is one of the earliest decompensations to happen, and, if adequately managed, survival is improved. Gastric varices have challenges in management due to their location, size and propensity to bleed. The N-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate (NBC) glue application has emerged as definitive therapy in bleeding gastric varices. Here we present our experience with use of NBC in management of gastric and difficult cases of esophageal varices. Methods: A total of 75 patients underwent NBC glue application for varices which included 69 patient

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ATIF, MOAZZAM ALI, and IRFAN AHMAD. "ESOPHAGEAL VARICES:." Professional Medical Journal 15, no. 04 (2008): 465–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2008.15.04.2867.

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. Objectives To document the frequency of esophageal varices and their importance in a tertiary care hospital of SouthernPunjab. Design: Observational. Setting: Endoscopy unit of Sheikh Zayed Medical College/Hospital. Period: From Nov 2005 to May 2007.Materials & Methods The data of 500 patients who underwent upper GI endoscopy was analyzed. Demographic features, reasons for referraland endoscopic diagnoses were noted. Results: Among 500 patients, 57% were referred due to upper GI bleeding, 9% due to dysphagia, 8%due to persistent vomiting and 7% due to dyspeptic symptoms. Common endoscopi

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Mizutani, Taku, Kazushige Nirei, Tatsuo Kanda, et al. "Left Gastric Vein Width Is an Important Risk Factor for Exacerbation of Esophageal Varices Post Balloon-Occluded Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration for Gastric Varices in Cirrhotic Patients." Medicina 58, no. 2 (2022): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina58020205.

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Background and Objectives: Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO) could be currently one of the best therapies for patients with gastric varices. This study examined the exacerbation rates for esophageal varices following BRTO for gastric varices in patients with hepatic cirrhosis. Materials and Methods: We enrolled 91 cirrhotic patients who underwent BRTO for gastric varices. In total, 50 patients were examined for exacerbation rates of esophageal varices following BRTO. Esophageal varices and their associated exacerbation were evaluated by upper gastrointestinal endoscop

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Majid, Zain, and Ghazi Abrar. "Reinforcing the management of type 1 gastric esophageal varices." World Journal of Gastroenterology 30, no. 19 (2024): 2615–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v30.i19.2615.

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Variceal bleed represents an important complication of cirrhosis, with its presence reflecting the severity of liver disease. Gastric varices, though less frequently seen than esophageal varices, present a distinct clinical challenge due to its higher intensity of bleeding and associated mortality. Based upon the Sarin classification, GOV1 is the most common subtype of gastric varices seen in clinical practice.

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Patidar, Yashwant. "Antegrade Gastric Variceal Embolization Simultaneously With Tips in Treatment of Patients with Acute Gastric Variceal Bleeding Having Unfavorable Gastric Variceal Anatomy." Gastroenterology & Hepatology International Journal 8, no. 1 (2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/ghij-16000208.

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Gastric varices bleed at a lower Porto systemic pressure, have more catastrophic consequences and associated with large Porto systemic shunts. Occluded retrograde Trans-venous obliteration (RTO) is the mainstay of therapy for gastric variceal bleeding refractory to endoscopic therapy. A favorable afferent (Kiyosue type 1) and efferent (Kiyosue type A) anatomy of gastric varices is required for successful and safe RTO. Complex modifications in the RTO procedure are required for unfavorable afferent and efferent anatomies with high failure rates. RTO is not feasible in a type D efferent anatomy.

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Thapa, Ajit, Dinesh Koirala, Rahul Pathak, et al. "Balloon-Occluded Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration (BRTO): A Novel Method of Obliterating Gastric Varices. Report of Six Cases and Review of Literature." Journal of Advances in Internal Medicine 9, no. 2 (2020): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jaim.v9i2.31049.

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Portal hypertension results in various complications, gastroesophageal varices being one of them. Although less common than esophageal varices, gastric varices are difficult to obliterate and carry a higher mortality rate when bleeding occurs. They are less amenable to sclerotherapy, endoscopic variceal ligation. Balloon-Occluded Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration (BRTO) has been developed as a minimal invasive procedure to obliterate gastric varices. BRTO is an endovascular procedure where a balloon catheter is inserted into a draining vein of gastric varix, and the sclerosant can be injecte

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Arakawa, Masahiro, Takao Masuzaki, and Kunio Okuda. "Pathomorphology of Esophageal and Gastric Varices." Seminars in Liver Disease 22, no. 1 (2002): 073–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2002-23208.

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12

Thapa, Babu R., and Saroj Mehta. "Endoscopic Sclerotherapy of Esophageal Varices in Infants and Children." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 10, no. 4 (1990): 430–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.1990.tb10025.x.

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SummaryThirty children, aged 7 months to 13 years, with bleeding esophageal varices were managed by endo‐scopic sclerotherapy (EST). Of these children, 73.3% had extrahepatic portal vein obstruction (EHPVO), 16.6% had cirrhosis of the liver, and 10% had noncirrhotic portal fibrosis. EST was done with fiberoptic pediatric upper gastrointestinal endoscopes and a flexible sclerotherapy needle under sedation with intravenous diazepam and pentazocine. The sclerosants used were ethoxysclerol 1% and absolute alcohol. Ten injections were given to control active variceal bleeding, and 145 injections we

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Yiadom, Eunice Boakye, Tayyab Saeed Akhtar, Sameen Abbas, Dua Sadaf Abbasi, and Amjad Khan. "Prevalence, causes and management of gastric varices – a literature review." Gastroenterologie a hepatologie 78, no. 3 (2024): 247–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.48095/ccgh2024247.

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Summary: Gastric varices, although less prevalent than esophageal varices, exhibit greater morbidity and mortality. This comprehensive literature review investigates the prevalence of gastric varices, diverse classifi cation systems, and available management options. The spectrum of management modalities encompasses primary and secondary prevention, acute gastric variceal bleeding strategies, and preventive measures against rebleeding. A meticulous exploration of PubMed and Google Scholar over the past decade (2013 to 2023) shaped the inclusion criteria for adults aged 18 and above dia gnosed

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Lesmana, Cosmas Rinaldi Adithya, Monica Raharjo, and Rino A. Gani. "Managing liver cirrhotic complications: Overview of esophageal and gastric varices." Clinical and Molecular Hepatology 26, no. 4 (2020): 444–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2020.0022.

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Managing liver cirrhosis in clinical practice is still a challenging problem as its progression is associated with serious complications, such as variceal bleeding that may increase mortality. Portal hypertension (PH) is the main key for the development of liver cirrhosis complications. Portal pressure above 10 mmHg, termed as clinically significant portal hypertension, is associated with formation of varices; meanwhile, portal pressure above 12 mmHg is associated with variceal bleeding. Hepatic vein pressure gradient measurement and esophagogastroduodenoscopy remain the gold standard for asse

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15

Gotlib, Jean-Pierre. "Endoscopic Obturation of Esophageal and Gastric Varices with a Cyanoacrylic Tissue Adhesive." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 4, no. 9 (1990): 637–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1990/246207.

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An original method of obturation of esophageal and gastric varices with a cyanoacrylic glue has been used for nine years. This method allows treatment of gastric and very large esophageal varices, which is difficult with common endoscopic sclerotherapy, and makes hemostasis in case of acute bleeding easier. There are few complications, none lethal.

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Biecker, Erwin. "Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Cirrhotic Patients with Portal Hypertension." ISRN Hepatology 2013 (July 22, 2013): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/541836.

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Gastrointestinal bleeding related to portal hypertension is a serious complication in patients with liver cirrhosis. Most patients bleed from esophageal or gastric varices, but bleeding from ectopic varices or portal hypertensive gastropathy is also possible. The management of acute bleeding has changed over the last years. Patients are managed with a combination of endoscopic and pharmacologic treatment. The endoscopic treatment of choice for esophageal variceal bleeding is variceal band ligation. Bleeding from gastric varices is treated by injection with cyanoacrylate. Treatment with vasoact

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Voroniak, Dariia I., Oleg S. Godik, Larysa Ya Fedoniuk, Olena М. Shapoval, and Viktoriia V. Piliponova. "ROLE OF STAGE ENDOSCOPIC VARICEAL BAND LIGATION IN TREATMENT OF CHILDREN WITH PORTAL HYPERTENSION." Wiadomości Lekarskie 73, no. 10 (2020): 2133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202010105.

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The aim: To evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic variceal band ligation (EVL) after the first esophageal EVL session in children with PH according to endoscopic data. Materials and methods: EVL was performed to 39 patients with PH for the purpose of variceal bleeding primary and secondary prophylaxis. Results: Esophageal varices grade decrease was observed in 22 (56.41%) children. Cases of early rebleeding (within 14 days after EVL) were not registered. Eradication of varices was successful in 11 (28.2%) of patients. In 1 (2.56%) case the complication (bleeding) occurred while banding procedure

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Chen, Ronnie, Edward Lee, and Sung Cho. "Balloon-Occluded Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration: Emergence as a Treatment for Gastric Varices and Medically Refractory Hepatic Encephalopathy." Digestive Disease Interventions 01, no. 04 (2017): 286–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1620280.

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AbstractGastric or esophageal variceal bleeding is a major complication of portal hypertension in patients with liver cirrhosis. Currently, liver transplant is still considered a gold standard treatment for gastric or esophageal variceal bleeding. What about varices associated with splenic vein thrombosis? In the United States and Europe, endoscopic treatment and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) have been considered as effective treatment options for these variceal bleeding. However, in South Korea and Japan, balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO) has b

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Arai, Tetsurou, Toru Endo, Hiroyuki Uemura, et al. "Evaluation of Endoscopic Variceal Ligation for Esophageal and Gastric Varices." Progress of Digestive Endoscopy(1972) 44 (1994): 57–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.11641/pdensks.44.0_57.

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Shalaby, Sarah, Oana Nicoară-Farcău, Valeria Perez-Campuzano, et al. "Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS) for Treatment of Bleeding from Cardiofundal and Ectopic Varices in Cirrhosis." Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 19 (2024): 5681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm13195681.

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Acute variceal bleeding in cirrhosis represents a critical clinical event that significantly impacts patient prognosis, with mortality rates increasing further after a second episode. This underscores the need for immediate intervention and optimal prophylaxis. The creation of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) has been proven to be highly effective for managing esophageal variceal bleeding. However, the use of TIPS for managing cardiofundal gastric varices and ectopic varices remains debated due to their unique vascular anatomy and the limited data available. These varices

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Jha, Anamika, Yusra Ali, Ghanshyam Gurung, Ranjit Kumar Chaudhary, and Akhilesh Kumar Kasyap. "Correlation of Portal and Splenic Vein Diameter with Presence and Size of Esophageal and Gastric Varices in Liver Cirrhosis Patients on MDCT." Nepalese Journal of Radiology 10, no. 2 (2020): 2–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njr.v10i2.35969.

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Introduction: Variceal formation depends upon the pattern of dilatation of the portal and various splanchnic veins in patients with cirrhotic liver and portal hypertension. Multidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT) may be helpful in the evaluation of such gastroesophageal varices and predicting their risk of haemorrhage.Methods: After obtaining ethical clearance and consent, 50 patients meeting the inclusion criteria were included and MDCT obtained. The diameters of the portal vein (PV), splenic vein (SV) and left gastric vein (LGV) were measured and originating vein of LGV determined. Pattern,

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Gaba, Ron C., Patrick M. Couture, and Janesh Lakhoo. "Gastroesophageal Variceal Filling and Drainage Pathways: An Angiographic Description of Afferent and Efferent Venous Anatomic Patterns." Journal of Clinical Imaging Science 5 (November 30, 2015): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2156-7514.170730.

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Varices commonly occur in liver cirrhosis patients and are classified as esophageal (EV), gastroesophageal (GEV), or isolated gastric (IGV) varices. These vessels may be supplied and drained by several different afferent and efferent pathways. A working knowledge of variceal anatomy is imperative for Interventional Radiologists performing transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt and embolization/obliteration procedures. This pictorial essay characterizes the angiographic anatomy of varices in terms of type and frequency of venous filling and drainage, showing that different varices have d

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Li, Qian-Qian, Hong-Yu Li, Zhao-Hui Bai, Cyriac Abby Philips, Xiao-Zhong Guo, and Xing-Shun Qi. "Esophageal collateral veins in predicting esophageal variceal recurrence and rebleeding after endoscopic treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Gastroenterology Report 8, no. 5 (2020): 355–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gastro/goaa004.

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Abstract Background Endoscopic treatment is recommended for the management of esophageal varices. However, variceal recurrence or rebleeding is common after endoscopic variceal eradication. Our study aimed to systematically evaluate the prevalence of esophageal collateral veins (ECVs) and the association of ECVs with recurrence of esophageal varices or rebleeding from esophageal varices after endoscopic treatment. Methods We searched the relevant literature through the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases. Prevalence of paraesophageal veins (para-EVs), periesophageal veins (peri-EVs)

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Goral and Yılmaz. "Current Approaches to the Treatment of Gastric Varices: Glue, Coil Application, TIPS, and BRTO." Medicina 55, no. 7 (2019): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina55070335.

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Gastric varices are less common than esophageal varices, and their treatment is quite challenging. Gastric varix bleedings (GVB) occur less frequently than esophageal varix (EV) bleedings and represent 10% to 30% of all variceal bleedings. They are; however, more severe and are associated with high mortality. Re-bleeding may occur in 35% to 90% of cases after spontaneous hemostasis. GV bleedings represent a serious clinical problem compared with esophageal varices due to their location. Sclerotherapy and band ligation, in particular, are less effective. Based on the anatomic site and location,

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de Faria, Anderson, Carlos Dias, Luciana Dias Moetzsohn, Silas de Castro Carvalho, Tereza Ferrari, and Vitor Nunes Arantes. "Feasibility of transnasal endoscopy in screening for esophageal and gastric varices in patients with chronic liver disease." Endoscopy International Open 05, no. 07 (2017): E646—E651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-107781.

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Abstract Background and study aims Screening for esophageal and gastric varices is indicated for patients with portal hypertension or cirrhosis. Typically, conventional endoscopy is used; however, the need for sedation increases the costs and risks, especially in cirrhotic patients. Use of transnasal endoscopy with an ultrathin endoscope enables study of the upper gastrointestinal tract without the need for sedation. The objective of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of transnasal endoscopy in screening for esophageal and gastric varices in patients with chronic liver disease. Patients

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PIMENTA, Júlio Rocha, Alexandre Rodrigues FERREIRA, Eleonora Druve Tavares FAGUNDES, Paulo Fernando Souto BITTENCOURT, Alice Mendes MOURA, and Simone Diniz CARVALHO. "Evaluation of endoscopic secondary prophylaxis in children and adolescents with esophageal varices." Arquivos de Gastroenterologia 54, no. 1 (2017): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-2803.2017v54n1-04.

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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Bleeding of esophageal varices is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in children and adults with portal hypertension and there are few studies involving secondary prophylaxis in children and adolescents. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic secondary prophylaxis in prevention of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in children and adolescents with esophageal varices. METHODS This is a prospective analysis of 85 patients less than 18 years of age with or without cirrhosis, with portal hypertension. Participants underwent endoscopic secondary prophylaxis with sc

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Sun, Xin, and Ming-Quan Song. "Endoscopic treatments for esophageal gastric varices bleeding." World Chinese Journal of Digestology 26, no. 26 (2018): 1562–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.11569/wcjd.v26.i26.1562.

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Dehghani, Seyed Mohsen, Maryam Abbasi, Maryam Ataollahi, Masoud Tahani, Fateme Parooie, and Iraj Shahramian. "Endoscopic findings in cirrhotic children candidates for liver transplantation." Gastroenterologie a hepatologie 76, no. 6 (2022): 479–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.48095/ccgh2022479.

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Background: Liver cirrhosis is an end-stage liver failure that can develop as a result of acute or chronic liver disease. Patients are at risk of fatal complications such as portal hypertension and bleeding from esophageal varices. Methods: This cross-sectional study examined the endoscopic findings in child patients <18 years with cirrhosis qualifying as candidates for liver transplantation. Our subjects were children admitted from 2012 to 2017 to the Shiraz Organ Transplantation Center of Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. The data was collected using a researcher-ma

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Pashai, Seyedeh Masoumeh, Mohsen Ebrahimi, and Mohammad Reza Sheikhian. "Comparison of Prognosis in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis and its Correlation with the Model for the End-Stage Liver Disease and Child-Pugh Scores in Patients with Esophageal or Gastric Variceal Bleeding." Galen Medical Journal 2, no. 3 (2013): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v2i3.61.

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BackgroundVariceal bleeding is one of the most serious complications of cirrhosis. Up to now different methods are created for predicting the complications and mortality of cirrhosis. Child- Pugh score and MELD score are two methods for this use. In this study we investigated and compared survival prognosis of cirrhotic patients by the Child-Pugh or MELD score in two groups of esophageal and gastric variceal bleeding.Materials and MethodsIn this cross-sectional trial, patients with upper GI bleeding were followed up for a 6 months period. The source of hemorrhage was determined by endoscopy, t

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Litzenberg, Kevin, Khalid Mumtaz, Gavisha Waidyaratne, et al. "Atypical Presentation of Isolated Gastric Variceal Bleeding Requiring Multidisciplinary Management." Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions 5, no. 6 (2022): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2641-0419/268.

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Variceal bleeding is the most lethal manifestation of portal hypertension, most commonly due to esophageal varices in the setting of liver cirrhosis. Isolated gastric varices (IGV) are a rare cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, often of pancreatic origin. In this case we present a complex patient with a history of remote splenic injury leading to portopulmonary hypertension and the development of refractory bleeding due to IGV. We discuss the extensive multidisciplinary approach taken to provide comprehensive care and to control bleeding, which included endoscopic (sclerotherapy), radiol

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Chooklin, S. M., and S. S. Chuklin. "Transvenous obliteration of gastric varices." EMERGENCY MEDICINE 19, no. 1 (2023): 2–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22141/2224-0586.19.1.2023.1549.

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Gastric varices on the background of portal hypertension occur less frequently than esophageal varices but they develop at lower portal pressure and are associated with more massive bleedings and higher mortality rate. Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO) has been well documented as an effective therapy for gastric varices caused by portal hypertension. However, BRTO requires long-term, higher-level post-procedural monitoring and can have complications related to balloon rupture and adverse effects of sclerosing agents. Several modified BRTO techniques have been develope

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Iqbal, Sarwat, Muhammad Haroon Yousaf, Muhammad Ifitikhar Yousuf, and Wasim Uddin. "DECOMPENSATED CIRRHOSIS." Professional Medical Journal 22, no. 11 (2015): 1397–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2015.22.11.863.

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Cirrhosis with subsequent portal hypertension is a major health problemworldwide. Among various etiologies, HCV is the leading cause of chronic hepatocellularinjury. Cirrhosis being the commonest cause of portal hypertension results in a spectrum ofcomplications. Approximately 5-15% of cirrhotic develop varices. Gastric varices althoughpresent less frequently as compared to esophageal varices but are associated with greatermortality and morbidity. Objectives: To determine prevalence of Gastric varices in patients withdecompensated cirrhosis. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place & Dur

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Morrison, J., N. Mendoza-Elias, A. Lipnik, et al. "Gastric varices bleed at lower portosystemic pressure gradients than esophageal varices." Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology 28, no. 2 (2017): S166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvir.2016.12.1007.

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Morrison, Joseph D., Nasya Mendoza-Elias, Andrew J. Lipnik, et al. "Gastric Varices Bleed at Lower Portosystemic Pressure Gradients than Esophageal Varices." Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology 29, no. 5 (2018): 636–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvir.2017.10.014.

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Koirala, Dinesh, Krishna Chandra Devkota, Ugra Narayan Pathak, Prabin Adhikari, and Nirmal Ghimire. "Correlation between Serum-Ascites Albumin Gradient and Esophageal Varices in Portal Hypertension due to Cirrhosis of Liver." Nepal Medical Journal 4, no. 1 (2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.37080/nmj.172.

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Introduction: Cirrhosis of the liver is a major health problem in our country. Patients with cirrhosis are at risk of developing esophageal varices and variceal bleeding with high mortality. They must undergo routine upper gastrointestinal endoscopy to screen for the presence of varices. This poses an economic, social, and medical burden. Thus, this warrants a non-invasive predictor of esophageal varices in a cirrhotic patient. The aim of this study was to find the correlation between SAAG and esophageal varices in portal hypertension due to cirrhosis of liver. Methods: Patients (45 males and

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Chen, P. H., M. C. Hou, H. C. Lin, and S. D. Lee. "Cyanoacrylate embolism from gastric varices may lead to esophageal variceal rupture." Endoscopy 43, S 02 (2011): E149—E150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1256256.

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Chooklin, S. M., and S. S. Chuklin. "Comprehensive treatment of patients with gastric variceal bleeding." EMERGENCY MEDICINE 18, no. 8 (2023): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22141/2224-0586.18.8.2022.1539.

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Gastro-oesophageal varices are the major clinical manifestations of cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Bleeding from gastric varices is usually severe and is associated with higher mortality and a higher risk of rebleeding than from esophageal varices. The management of variceal bleeding is complex, often requiring a multidisciplinary approach involving pharmacological, endoscopic, and radiological interventions. In terms of treatment, three stages can be considered: primary prophylaxis, active bleeding, and secondary prophylaxis. The main goal of primary and secondary prophylaxis is to preve

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Badra, Gamal Ahmed Abdel Khalik, Hanaa Badran, Olfat Mohamed Hendy, Lashin Saad Ali, and Mostafa El Helbawy. "Utility of combined use of elastography and von Willebrand factor antigen/thrombocyte ratio in prediction of gastroduodenal mucosal portal hypertension related vascular lesions." International journal of health sciences 7, S1 (2023): 2934–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v7ns1.14620.

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Background: Liver cirrhosis is the most important cause of portal hypertension, esophageal varices (EVs) represent its major complication as they may rupture and bleed with increased mortality rate. vWF-Ag is an established and valuable marker for determining the grade of fibrosis and cirrhosis and for mortality in patients with cirrhosis. Aim of our work is to search for the utility of combined use of elastography and Von Willebrand Factor Antigen/Thrombocyte Ratio in prediction of gastroduodenal portal hypertension related vascular lesions and identify suitable cutoff values for predicting t

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Yılmaz Çakmak, Nuray, Emin Gemcioğlu, Berkan Karabuğa, et al. "Clinical results of patients with variceal bleeding and risk analysis of scoring systems." Acta Medica 55, no. 1 (2024): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.32552/2024.actamedica.942.

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Introduction: Gastroesophageal varices are a common complication of chronic liver disease and the associated portal hypertension. Gastroesophageal variceal bleeding is the most important cause of mortality in cirrhotic patients, and the risk of developing varices and bleeding significantly increases when hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) exceeds 10-12 mmHg. Aim: In this study, we aimed to determine the most useful scoring system to assess patients with gastric and esophageal variceal bleeding to guide treatment according to the type of varices, to predict the risk of rebleeding and morta

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McKiernan, Patrick J., Susan V. Beath, and Suzanne M. Davison. "A Prospective Study of Endoscopic Esophageal Variceal Ligation Using a Multiband Ligator." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 34, no. 2 (2002): 207–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.2002.tb07602.x.

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ABSTRACTBackgroundEndoscopic variceal band ligation (EVL) is the preferred method of treating variceal hemorrhage in adults. The need to reinsert the endoscope after reloading for each varix ligation has been a drawback. The Saeed multiband ligator allows ligation of multiple varices during a single insertion. The multibander has not been used previously in children.MethodsTwenty‐eight consecutive children were referred to a pediatric liver unit because of esophageal variceal bleeding from 1998 to 2000. Endoscopic variceal band ligation was performed at initial endoscopy and repeated monthly u

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Tripodis, Stanton P., Alan V. Burnstein, and Julius Wenger. "Gastric Ulcers after Endoscopic Sclerosis of Esophageal Varices." Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 7, no. 1 (1985): 77–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004836-198502000-00013.

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Zhang, Zhe, Xueming Chen, Chenyu Li, et al. "Foam sclerotherapy during shunt surgery for portal hypertension and varices." Open Medicine 12, no. 1 (2017): 384–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/med-2017-0055.

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AbstractObjectiveThis preliminary study investigated the clinical safety and efficacy of foam sclerotherapy during shunt surgery to treat portal hypertension and gastroesophageal varices.MethodsSeven patients with confirmed portal hypertension and a variceal bleeding history underwent mesocaval shunt with simultaneous polidocanol foam injection into the varices. Computed tomography and endoscopic reviews were conducted within two weeks following the procedures and around six months later.ResultsSix patients underwent side-to-side mesocaval shunt. One received a prosthetic mesocaval shunt. Poli

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Donovan, T. J., M. Ward, and R. W. Shepherd. "Evaluation of Endoscopic Sclerotherapy of Esophageal Varices in Children." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 5, no. 5 (1986): 696–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.1986.tb09164.x.

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SummarySixteen children (3.5–14.7 years) with portal hypertension and variceal hemorrhage were treated by direct endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy. Follow‐up clinical and endoscopic evaluations have been carried out over a 1–6‐year period (mean, 2.3 years). Prior to sclerotherapy, three patients had undergone unsuccessful surgical approaches, and the mean transfusional requirement from the time of the first hemorrhage was 12.3 units of blood per child per year for those with extrahepatic portal vein obstruction (n = 10) and 3.8 units for those with primary liver disease. Following sclerotherap

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Yi, Li-Zhi, and Sheng-Bing Zhao. "Endoscopic band ligation or endoscopic tissue adhesive injection in the treatment of gastric varices: Which is better?" World Journal of Gastroenterology 30, no. 21 (2024): 2827–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v30.i21.2827.

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The combination of endoscopic ultrasound with endoscopic treatment of type 1 gastric variceal hemorrhage may improve the robustness and generalizability of the findings in future studies. Moreover, the esophageal varices should also be included in the evaluation of treatment efficacy in subsequent studies to reach a more convincing conclusion.

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Onnitsev, I. E., S. A. Bugaev, S. Ya Ivanusa, I. I. Dzidzava, A. V. Khokhlov, and B. N. Kotiv. "Prevention of recurrent bleeding from varicose veins of the esophagus and stomach among patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis." Kazan medical journal 100, no. 2 (2019): 333–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj2019-333.

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Aim. To evaluate the efficiency of laparoscopic devascularization of the esophagus and stomach with endoscopic ligation of varicose esophageal veins in the prevention of esophageal-gastric bleeding among patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. Methods. The results of treatment of 73 patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis and high risk of bleeding were analyzed. To prevent recurrent bleeding from esophageal and gastric veins, all patients underwent endoscopic ligation at the first step of treatment. In case of inefficiency of ligation and recurrence of varicose veins of esophagus, lap

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Jogo, Atsushi, Norifumi Nishida, Akira Yamamoto, et al. "Factors Associated with Aggravation of Esophageal Varices after B-RTO for Gastric Varices." CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology 37, no. 5 (2013): 1243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00270-013-0809-6.

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Pavlovic, A. R., M. N. Krstic, S. Djuranovic, et al. "Bleeding oesophageal varices: Therapeutic options." Acta chirurgica Iugoslavica 54, no. 1 (2007): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aci0701139p.

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Introduction: Emergency endoscopy plays the most important role in diagnosis and treatment of patients with esophageal variceal bleeding. Endoscopic sclerotherapy (EST), placement of esophageal band ligatures (EVL), medicamentous treatment using somatostatin and its derivatives and balloon tamponade are the methods most frequently applied in treatment of the bleeding esophageal varices. Patients and methods: Endoscopic reports on the patients with bleeding esophageal and gastric varices were retrospectively analyzed in the emergency unit of the Clinic of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinic

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Cardey, Jacques, Catherine Le Gall, Laurent Michaud, et al. "Screening of esophageal varices in children using esophageal capsule endoscopy: a multicenter prospective study." Endoscopy 51, no. 01 (2018): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0647-1709.

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Abstract Background Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is the standard method for diagnosis of esophageal and gastric varices in children. In this prospective study we evaluated the use of PillCam esophageal capsule endoscopy (ECE) in pediatric patients. Methods Patients aged 7 to 18 years presenting with portal hypertension and/or cirrhosis underwent ECE (PillCam ESO 2, Given Imaging Ltd.) followed by EGD. Results 102 patients were screened, 81 (52 boys; mean age 13.96 ± 0.25 years) were included and 21 were excluded (16 for “candy test” failure). Esophageal varices were identified by EGD in 62

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Dhande, Sachin K., and Anbalagan Pichaimuthu. "Endoscopic Profile of Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleed in Adults." Journal of Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences University 16, no. 2 (2021): 325–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jdmimsu.jdmimsu_383_20.

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Background: Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is one of the most common causes of medical emergencies and associated with high morbidity and mortality in adults. Although there is decline in peptic ulcer bleed as an etiology of acute UGI bleed due to discovery of proton pump inhibitors, the Emergency Room (ER) visits for UGI bleed are increasing due to other etiologies including variceal bleed and drug-induced gastrointestinal (GI) bleed. This study was designed with the aim to assess the endoscopic profile of UGIB presenting to our tertiary care center in south India. Materials and

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Saeed, Ammarah, Tehzeeb Zehra, Ayaz Ahmad, Umbreen Idrees, and Sajjad Sabir. "CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS;." Professional Medical Journal 24, no. 01 (2017): 132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2017.24.01.423.

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At present time portal hypertension is perceived as one of the complications ofadvanced liver disease. It results in various vascular changes in gastrointestinal tract (GI),including esophageal varices, gastric varices and portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG). PHGand gastric varices are a common cause of acute as well as chronic bleeding from GI tractwhich resulted in significant mortality among patients. Objectives: To determine the frequencyof gastric vascular changes in various causes of cirrhosis. Study Design: Cross sectional study.Setting: Department of Gastroenterology, Pakistan Instit

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