Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Espace aérien'
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Grard, Loïc. "Du marché unique des transports aériens à l'espace aérien communautaire : contribution à l'étude du droit positif et prospective juridique." Bordeaux 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR1D007.
Full textAs theatre of common policy, air transport was used to being forgotten for a long time. It became aim of such a policy steps by steps. In spite of the certain applicability of general rules of eec treaty, air sector was about a common policy aften "nouvelles frontieres" case and the adoption of the single act. Insent in a liberal mondial tendancy, a public policy toward an open market through liberalisation is developped in order to end sky division and to centralise competition policy to regulate usual comportments whose effects were not estimated as to promote commercial freedom in markets. Such an action to an air transport single market belongs to a global context of new common buildings whose aerial feedback leads to a domestic market accompained by a civil aviation policy. The domestic common air space idea so being constitute by an addition of elements traditionaly bolonging to national policies. Consequently it appears the community is to promote an external policy to prevent its market from being penetrated by foreign competitions. In conclusion the common policy includes both elements of air space : an inside civil aviation policy, an aerial exchange negociation power. So more than single air transport market the actual common policy is about to create a single air space, may be
Park, Ki-Gab. "La protection de la souveraineté aérienne." Paris 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA020085.
Full textThe air sovereignty is a legal title by which every state exercise his complete and exclusive territorial jurisdiction over the air space above its territory and territorial water. Our study permits to acquire a good understanding of the problems of the legal status of the air sovereignty, the infringement of the air sovereignty and the means to protecting this sovereignty
Hoppe, Lars. "Le statut juridique des drones : aéronefs non habités." Aix-Marseille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX32073.
Full textDuring the time, a lot of technologies have become obsolete. This is especially true for some civil and military systems recently used for missions with a high risk involved or requesting a very high endurance. In order to reduce the mission risks and to increase endurance pre-programmed or piloted by distance UAVs (“unmanned aerial vehicles”) have been ensuring more and more since some decades. However, the increased use of UAVs during the last ten years does come along with some legal problems. The existing airworthiness and air traffic regulations for traditional manned air planes are insufficient and not adapted to UAVs. This empty space of clear regulations is observed at the level of national regulations where constructors and operators are only able to base their interests on an analogy to the existing regulations. On an international level, nearly no rules exist for production, selling and utilisation of UAVs. This situation does not allow evaluating how to handle problems with UAVs in the case of an accident or the abuse of UAVs which can be imagined for terrorist goals. Another aspect is the possibility to attend human individual laws, because the UAVs could also be used for spying. At this moment this empty space concerning UAV-regulations shall be filled. One of the main issues tackled in this paper is to what extent, and in which way, the current airworthiness regulations are still applicable and whether the existing regulations will remain applicable in the future. Is it possible to adapt the existing rules to UAVs or is it necessary to proceed to some technical and law adjustments to permit the insertion of UAVs in civil air space? Based on the existing rules, research and advisory opinion, detailed proposals and recommendations will be made in order to create suitable traffic regulations and to attract the reader’s interest to these problems
Guiost, Benoît. "Coopération homme-machine soutenue par un espace de travail commun : application au contrôle de trafic aérien." Valenciennes, 2006. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/85813850-cb37-4aaa-bda6-8311da6e9476.
Full textThe French services of the Air-Traffic Control system manage the whole of the aircraft which borrow the French airspace at a rate of two million and five hundred thousand flights in 2002. This load of traffic increasing by 3 to 5% per year. The issues of the research presented in this memory is to conceive a co-operative system able to aid the controllers to maintain an optimal security despite traffic increase. The issues of this research affect the definition of the assistance tool, of the functions allocation between operators and tool, and finally of the means making it possible these agents to effectively co-operate. This requires that human operators can control correctly situations to be managed; i. E. That the situation awareness is not reduced by the contribution of new tools. The research aimed in identification of the contents of a Common Workspace to support the co-operative activities of agents, and definition of the new assistant tool' know-how for problems resolution. Work consisted in modeling of the cognitive activities of two air-traffic controllers in co-operation situation. After the implementation on an experimental platform of these new concepts, an evaluation was carried out with professional controllers
Delahaye, Daniel. "Optimisation de la sectorisation de l'espace aérien par algorithmes génétiques." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ESAE0009.
Full textMarc, Nicolas. ""Enjeux d'appropriation de l'espace aérien en France et en Europe : vers une territorialisation spécifique." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01067892.
Full textRostan, Xavier. "La libéralisation de l'espace aérien." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010314.
Full textFollowing to the Chicago Meeting and to the adoption of the Convention on International Civil Aviation in 1944, States relations within air space evolved in a bilateral framework, which allowed States to exchange rights and freedoms of the air. Negotiations had to be balanced between protectionist and liberal vision. With this framework, States wove a real network of agreements which encouraged the increase of the traffic. In the term of 70's, United States of America chose to deregulate their sky, before trying to export this concept to the rest of the world, in particular by the renegotiation of existing agreements. Thus was born the movement of liberalization of airspace, which led to a real modification of the exchanges and of their basis, while allowing their evolution towards regionalism. If the European Union is a pioneer in this field, it has been imitated in different regions in which the States are trying to integrate their air policy or unify the exchange, through the conclusion of multilateral agreements. If relations between regions could be brought to develop, multilateralism is also for the study, and the issue of a comprehensive agreement which would lead States to share the same rights and freedoms currently arises. Moreover, multilateralism already allows States to agree on action to be led in certain domains, like in that of the environmental protection
Achilleas, Philippe. "La télévision par satellite entre liberté et souveraineté." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010359.
Full textNguyen, Bang Giang. "Classification en espaces fonctionnels utilisant la norme BV avec applications aux images ophtalmologiques et à la complexité du trafic aérien." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2473/.
Full textIn this thesis, we deal with two different problems using Total Variation concept. The first problem concerns the classification of vasculitis in multiple sclerosis fundus angiography, aiming to help ophthalmologists to diagnose such autoimmune diseases. It also aims at determining potential angiography details in intermediate uveitis in order to help diagnosing multiple sclerosis. The second problem aims at developing new airspace congestion metric, which is an important index that is used for improving Air Traffic Management (ATM) capacity. In the first part of this thesis, we provide preliminary knowledge required to solve the above-mentioned problems. First, we present an overview of the Total Variation and express how it is used in our methods. Then, we present a tutorial on Support Vector Machines (SVMs) which is a learning algorithm used for classification and regression. In the second part of this thesis, we first provide a review of methods for segmentation and measurement of blood vessel in retinal image that is an important step in our method. Then, we present our proposed method for classification of retinal images. First, we detect the diseased region in the pathological images based on the computation of BV norm at each point along the centerline of the blood vessels. Then, to classify the images, we introduce a feature extraction strategy to generate a set of feature vectors that represents the input image set for the SVMs. After that, a standard SVM classifier is applied in order to classify the images. Finally, in the third part of this thesis, we address two applications of TV in the ATM domain. In the first application, based on the ideas developed in the second part, we introduce a methodology to extract the main air traffic flows in the airspace. Moreover, we develop a new airspace complexity indicator which can be used to organize air traffic at macroscopic level. This indicator is then compared to the regular density metric which is computed just by counting the number of aircraft in the airspace sector. The second application is based on a dynamical system model of air traffic. We propose a method for developing a new traffic complexity metric by computing the local vectorial total variation norm of the relative deviation vector field. Its aim is to reduce complexity. Three different traffic situations are investigated to evaluate the fitness of the proposed method
Cathelain, Stéphane. "Contribution à la conception des systèmes coopératifs : application au domaine du contrôle de trafic aérien." Valenciennes, 2005. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/974efabc-d126-4b2c-a6b4-6fd32b4a7d5c.
Full textCooperative systems design needs the integration of some kinds of tools like the dynamic tasks allocation and support of cooperation and problems resolution activities. The interest of this work is the proposition of a design framework, as a starting point of a formal method, which integrates the different tools in a functional architecture based on the primordial concept of common workspace. The application to the air traffic control field showed the interest of this kind of architecture in the case of an organisation composed of two human operators and an automatic conflict resolution system. The first results shows a modification of human activities with a better anticipation, but it confirms the importance of human-machines interactions and assistances tools design because their utilisation cost must be negligible compared to their benefits
Jouen, Mathilde. "(A)pesanteur et art contemporain." Thesis, Paris 8, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA080121.
Full textThis creative thesis is about the new challenges of weightlessness andlightness faced by a number of contemporary artists.We are living in a increasinglyheavy world, yet artists are exploring ways to escape this gravityto reach a theoretical weightlessness. Because the way to display weightlessnessdoesn’t exist in terms of physics: it’s the phenomenon of free-fallingwhich creates this feeling of floating. So I seek to test theweight(less)ness concept, which explores this float and fall dialectic in numerousworks, mainly sculptural. I’m questioning my own practice ofsculpture, installation and drawing, through the prism of weight(less)ness,which builds an actual connection to the world and to the act of creation.I’m using the intrinsic property of the material to generate feelings ofweight or lightness. I’m also questioning the act of hanging a work in theexhibition space : nowadays, has suspension become the new pedestal of asculpture ? From the exhibition space to cosmic Space, artwork increasinglygains presence beyond earth’s boundaries, ever since the conquest ofspace. It’s created in Space and for Space : has cosmic Space become thenew place for art? Through figures of falling, of flight, of suspension, ofimaginary spaces, and even figures of invisibility, weight(less)ness builds averitable guiding light through contemporary creation
Rodionova, Olga. "Optimisation des trajectoires avion dans l'Atlantique Nord." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30090/document.
Full textThis thesis investigates the ways to improve the air traffic system in the highly congested North Atlantic oceanic airspace (NAT). First, we consider the current system, where aircraft follow predefined NAT tracks. We favor the re-routings between tracks, decreasing congestion in pre-oceanic airspace, and apply stochastic methods of optimization to find a conflict-free flight configuration with reduced separation between aircraft. Second, we simulate trajectory prediction by Wind Networking (WN). While the main source of time prediction errors is the uncertainty in wind forecast, WN permits aircraft to exchange measured winds and adjust their predictions using this recent and accurate information. Third, we study the impact of introducing the free flight concept in NAT. We apply a stochastic method of optimization on data provided by NASA consisting of NAT flights with wind optimal trajectories. The aim is to reduce the number of conflicts on the strategic level, while keeping the trajectories close to the optimal routes. Our computational experiments show that the air traffic situation in NAT can be improved in several different ways, considering new technologies and new trajectory planning concepts
Makaya-Batchi, Roméo Boris. "La portée de l'évolution de la nature juridique des annexes à la convention relative à l'aviation civile internationale pour les états africains." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1009.
Full textThe texts referred to, for convenience, annexes to the Convention on International Civil Aviation, known as the Chicago Convention, are not, under international law annexes to the Convention because they lack the same legal status as it. They acquire legal force once transposed into national law of States which may also be waived. For years, the non transposition of annexes in the positive law of states was tolerated. However, since the introduction of the system safety audits and safety, the lack of transposition may result in the placement of states on the secure site in the organization of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and / or the list black of the European Union. By these two facts, the annexes have gained significant changes that impact the majority of states, particularly in Africa, where the rate of non-compliance with Schedules is the highest of all continents, what is wrong without consequence for aviation relations international and development industry of civil aviation for the African continent
Correia, Vincent. "L’Union européenne et l’ordre international de l’aviation civile : la contribution de l'Union européenne aux évolutions contemporaines du droit aérien international." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR40050.
Full textThe way in which the Member States have redefined the conditions regarding how they exercise their air sovereignty, by progressively transferring power to the European Union, cannot be viewed solely as them removing and reducing their individual powers. The powers conferred to the European Union in aviation matters are resulting in an affirmation of the international role of Europe as a whole. This on-going, and as yet incomplete process, may be seen in a greater recognition of the specific European aspect regarding Civil Aviation. In spite of the hesitance of Member States and non-member States, the European Union has progressively taken its place among the key players, able to influence developments in modern aviation law, in the same way as other established aviation authorities and especially the United States. These new trends reveal the flexibility and elasticity of the Chicago Convention and the potential future developments in International Civil Aviation
Santos, Sergio da Rosa. "Os efeitos da crise aérea de 2007 sobre o Sistema de Controle do Espaço Aéreo Brasileiro." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/18880.
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The present work had as objective to analyze the air sector, specifically as regards the management of values collected with the charging of the Rates for Using the Communications and Air Navigation Services, which are the source of financing of military organizations that integrate the Brazilian Airspace Control System (SISCEAB), in order to verify a possible relationship between the evolution of the budget and the operational safety and compliance levels achieved. Taking as a point of reference for the beginning of data collection and analysis, the air sector crisis, which occurred between 2006 and 2007, the methodology used was the bibliographical review on the Brazilian air sector crisis and on the 2008 global economic crisis, accompanied by the collection and analysis of documentary data obtained through public reports made available on the Internet, surveys conducted with the Federal Government's Integrated System of Financial Administration (SIAFI), as well as field observations made through semi-structured interviews carried out in Federal Public Administration Agencies that take part of SISCEAB. The results of the research and the preliminary studies show that, as a result of the crisis in the air sector, despite the simultaneous occurrence of a global economic crisis, there was an increase in federal investments in infrastructure, which were followed by (i) an increase in the movement of air traffic in the country, (ii) the tax collection resulting from the provision of air navigation services and (iii) the annual budget for operation of SISCEAB, which was not subject to contingency during the analyzed period. Notwithstanding the possibility of other variables, it was finally found that there was an improvement in the compliance and operational safety indexes published by national and international regulatory agencies
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o setor aéreo, especificamente no que diz respeito ao gerenciamento dos valores arrecadados com a cobrança das Tarifas de Uso das Comunicações e dos Auxílios à Navegação Aérea, que são a fonte de financiamento das organizações militares que integram o Sistema de Controle do Espaço Aéreo Brasileiro (SISCEAB), de forma a verificar uma possível relação entre a evolução do orçamento e os níveis de conformidade e segurança operacional atingidos. Tomando como ponto de referência para início da coleta e análise dos dados a crise do setor aéreo, ocorrida entre os anos de 2006 e 2007, para realização deste estudo, a metodologia utilizada foi a revisão bibliográfica sobre a crise do setor aéreo brasileiro e sobre a crise econômica mundial de 2008, acompanhada da coleta e análise de dados documentais, obtidos por meio de relatórios públicos disponibilizados na Internet, levantamentos realizados junto ao Sistema Integrado de Administração Financeira do Governo Federal (SIAFI), além de observações de campo, feitas por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas em órgãos da Administração Pública Federal que integram o SISCEAB. Os resultados da pesquisa e dos estudos realizados apontam, preliminarmente, que, a partir da crise do setor aéreo, não obstante a ocorrência em paralelo de uma crise econômica global, houve um crescimento nos investimentos federais realizados em infraestrutura, que foram seguidos de um acréscimo (i) no movimento do tráfego aéreo no país, (ii) na arrecadação tributária decorrente da prestação dos serviços de navegação aérea e (iii) no orçamento anual para operação do SISCEAB, que não foi objeto de contingenciamento durante o período analisado. Não obstante a possibilidade da existência de outras variáveis, apurou-se, por fim, que houve uma melhoria nos índices de conformidade e segurança operacional divulgados pelos órgãos reguladores nacionais e internacional
Dusire, Sophie. "Naviguer dans un espace verbal : la construction de la conscience de la situation." Paris, CNAM, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CNAM0345.
Full textBento, Carlos Alberto de Mattos. "O risco no controle do espaço aéreo brasileiro - uma nova perspectiva." Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 2011. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2088.
Full textCoelho, Nelson Manuel Antunes. "Previsão da densidade do tráfego aéreo nas zonas terminais do voo." Master's thesis, Universidade da Beira Interior, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/2022.
Full textThe air traffic congestion in flight terminal areas is a problem with economic impacts and at the air safety level in those areas. This dissertation aims to model and simulate, initially, the flow of air traffic for predicting the duration of the flight through estimates made over the same. The flight data used in creating the estimates were gathered from site www.localizatodo.com and, by using a program in MatLab, we managed to separate, in a matrix form, the important data for predicting the duration of the flight. These data were: instant of time, latitude, longitude, altitude, current speed and aircraft course. In order to create these estimates, the waypoints position data were calculated, where the aircraft had yet to pass through until reaching its destination. In this analysis the average speed was calculated by determining the distance traveled in the last ten minutes, approximately, until the present moment of the flight. After that, the distance is divided by the time it took to make it. Based on this average speed, and having a notion of the loxodromic distance ahead and the one already passed, one can estimate the total flight time using the sigmoid function. In a second phase of this work, it was intended to predict aircrafts density in a Terminal Maneuvering Area (TMA3 ). This prediction was achieved by estimating the flight time of a ten aircraft sample that went to the same TMA and would get there in a time interval between approximately 60 and 200 minutes. We were able to conclude that the flight duration estimates were closer to the real value as the end of the flight was closer. It could also be concluded that the estimates were more accurate if the time intervals between the flight points, where it was possible to collect data, to be more constant. In what concerns the prediction of the TMA occupation density, we could conclude that it was a hard task to achieve, and yet it was not impossible. Even using collected data within irregular time intervals, it was possible to accurately predict the TMA density of aircrafts present in close future moments.
Neto, Olavo de Oliveira Bittencourt. "Limite vertical à soberania dos Estados: fronteira entre espaço aéreo e ultraterrestre." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2135/tde-15052012-095902/.
Full textThis PhD thesis intends to study the problems related to the vertical extension of national sovereignty, above the Earths surface, based on the understanding of the State territory as a tridimensional space. If there is no danger of conflict of jurisdiction downwards, in direction to the subsoil, such reasoning does not apply in relation to the air space, where, from certain altitude, still undefined, gives place to the outer space. In accordance to the Chicago Convention, of 1944, States hold absolute and exclusive jurisdiction related to the column on air that arises above their territories. On the other hand, the Outer Space Treaty, of 1967, establishes that the outer space cannot be subjected to national appropriation of any kind. Nevertheless, the frontier that distinguishes these two immiscible legal regimes, after more than 40 years of diplomatic discussions, remains in debate. On the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COUPOS), it is possible to identify two approaches related to the subject matter: the first, of the group of countries recognized as spatialists, defends the demarcation of the frontier between air space and outer space, in a clear form, based on scientific or commonly accorded criteria; the other, of the ones called functionalists, sustains that the delimitation is unnecessary or impossible, and, therefore, the activities performed in those territories should be addressed in accordance to their own objectives. The stalemate between those two schools of thought contributed to a contradictory reality: outer space constitutes the final frontier of national territory, which, even though finite, extends vertically, above the surface, in an undefined form. Therefore, it is hereby presented a thesis in favor of the delimitation of the air and outer space frontier, by international agreement, that also includes rules applicable to right of passage of space objects during launching and reentry phases, respecting the interests of the territorial State
Federico, Claudio Antonio. "Dosimetria da radiação cósmica no interior de aeronaves no espaço aéreo Brasileiro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85131/tde-26012012-104504/.
Full textThe objective of this work is the establishment of a dosimetric system for the aircrew in the domestic territory. A technique to perform measurements of ambient dose equivalent in aircrafts was developed. An active detector was evaluated for onboard aircraft use, testing its adequacy to this specific type of measurement as well as its susceptibility to the magnetic and electromagnetic interferences. The equipment was calibrated in standard radiation beams and in a special field of the European Laboratory CERN, that reproduces with great proximity the real spectrum in aircraft flight altitudes; it was also tested in several flights, in an Brazilian Air Force\'s aircraft. The results were evaluated and compared with those obtained from several computational programs for cosmic radiation estimatives, with respect to its adequacy for use in the South American region. The program CARI-6 was selected to evaluate the estimated averaged effective doses for the aircrew who operate in this region. A statistical distribution of aircrew effective doses in South America and Caribe was made, and the results show that a great part of this aircrew members are subjected to annual effective doses that exceed the dose limits for the members of the public. Additionally, a preliminary passive dosemeter, based in thermoluminescent detectors, was proposed; international collaborations with United Kingdom and Italy were established for joint measurements of the ambient equivalent doses in aircrafts.
FEDERICO, CLAUDIO A. "Dosimetria da radiação cósmica no interior de aeronaves no espaço aéreo brasileiro." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2011. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10036.
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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
Yang, Guowei. "Systèmes de communication optique aérienne utilisant la diversité spatiale: analyse de performances en considérant des évanouissements corrélés." Ecole centrale de Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ECDM0005.
Full textSantos, Heide Vanessa Souza. "Estimativa de biomassa aérea e teor de carbono da espécie Rhizophora mangle L." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2012. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/6642.
Full textThe interest in quantifying mangrove forest biomass has increased in recent years due to the potential that tropical forests have in accumulating atmospheric carbon. The high organic carbon in mangrove attributes an important role in the estimation of global carbon and the processes of climate change mitigation. The objective of this study was to develop allometric equations for estimating the linear total aboveground biomass and plant compartments of Rhizophora mangle, and quantify the organic carbon present in the compartments of the plant on the estuary of the São Francisco river, located in Sergipe, Brazil. Using a destructive sample of 74 trees, linear models adjusted to estimate total biomass and species Rhizophora mangle compartment. Among the collected trees, 20 trees were selected for verification of the carbon in the compartments of the plant. To determine the levels of carbon in the plant, the method of Walkley-Black with external heat was used, consisting in the determination of organic carbon by oxidation with potassium dichromate in acid medium, with titration of excess dichromate. The regressions the data underwent logarithmic transformation that showed better adjustments, provides an estimation of the total plant biomass of 9395.24 ton of dry biomass, with a determination coefficient of approximately 0.99. A variation in the presence of biomass partition according to the structural development of trees was observed. There were low settings shown in the developed equations for the reproductive parts, attributed to the seasonal occurrence of the compartment. The study showed significant amounts of organic carbon stored in R. mangle (13.11 ton C ha-1) and in general, the woody compartments of the plant showed the highest percentage of carbon stored, especially for the trunk compartment. The generated data could contribute as a basis for future work in conservation ecosystem.
O interesse pela quantificação da biomassa florestal vem crescendo muito nos últimos anos, devido ao potencial que as florestas tropicais têm em acumular carbono atmosférico. Os altos estoques de carbono orgânico atribuem ao mangue um papel importante nas estimativas de carbono global e nos processos de mitigação das mudanças climáticas. O objetivo desse trabalho foi desenvolver equações alométricas lineares para a estimativa de biomassa aérea total e dos compartimentos vegetais da Rhizophora mangle, e quantificar o teor de carbono orgânico presente nestes compartimentos, no estuário do rio São Francisco, Sergipe, Brasil. Utilizando uma amostra destrutiva de 74 árvores, foram ajustados modelos lineares para estimativa de biomassa aérea total e por compartimento da espécie Rhizophora mangle. Dentre as árvores coletadas foram selecionadas 20 árvores para verificação dos teores de carbono nos compartimentos da planta. Para determinação dos teores de carbono foi utilizado o método de Walkley-Black com calor externo, que consiste na determinação do C orgânico por oxidação pelo Dicromato de Potássio em meio ácido, com titulação do Dicromato em excesso. Das análises de regressão os dados que passaram por transformação logarítmica apresentaram melhores ajustes, fornecendo uma estimativa da biomassa aérea total da planta de 9395,24 ton de biomassa seca para espécie, com um coeficiente de determinação ajustado de aproximadamente 0,99. Observou-se existência de variação na partição da biomassa de acordo com o desenvolvimento estrutural das árvores. Verificaram-se baixos ajustes apresentados nas equações desenvolvidas para o compartimento partes reprodutivas, atribuido à sazonalidade de ocorrência do compartimento. O estudo mostrou valores expressivos de C orgânico armazenado na R. mangle (13,11 ton C ha-1) e de maneira geral, os compartimentos lenhosos da planta apresentaram o maior percentual de carbono armazenado, com destaque para o compartimento tronco. Os dados gerados poderão contribuir como base para trabalhos futuros para conservação do ecossistema.
Dufournaud, Yves. "Navigation aérienne et guidage terminal à partir de données bidimensionnelles." Grenoble INPG, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPG0040.
Full textGallice-Matti, Claire. "La Télédétection pour l'analyse spatiale : application aux espaces périurbains de la région urbaine lyonnaise." Lyon 3, 2005. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2005_out_matti_c.pdf.
Full textOur study aims at studying the contribution of remote sensing data, satellite scenes and aerial photographs, to the analysis of one particular urban development: the periurbanisation. It follows two major steps. As a starter, we looked for the gaps in periurbanisation study and for the possible contribution of remote sensing. During the second step we establish our methodology based on the use of Landsat images and aerial photographs. Some image processing specific tools, coming from mathematical morphology, were used to extract dwelling units of the Urban Region of Lyon. Furthermore, mathematical morphology processes were also exploited to analyse the organisation of the urbanisation. The association between the remote sensing images information and demographic data shows the existence of different kind of periurbanisation, and some forms of organisation that suggest the development of a territorythe organisation of the urbanisation. The association between the remote sensing images information and demographic data shows the existence of different kind of periurbanisation, and some forms of organisation that suggest the development of a territory
Nobuyasu, André Masato. "Determinação de medidas cefalométricas do espaço aéreo naso e bucofaríngeo em indivíduos com oclusão normal." Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, 2006. http://tede.metodista.br/jspui/handle/tede/1229.
Full textDiferenças no tamanho do espaço naso e bucofaríngeo são encontradas numa população em quase toda a sua totalidade devido a tendências hereditárias. Alterações funcionais causadas pela redução do espaço naso e bucofaríngeo ocasionadas por hipertrofia da adenóide têm sido associadas a desvios no padrão de crescimento esquelético-facial e a efeitos adversos no desenvolvimento da oclusão. Conseqüentemente, ortodontistas e fonoaudiólogos viram-se na necessidade de mensurar este espaço. O objetivo deste trabalho é postular um cefalograma faríngeo que seja utilizado pelo clínico como ferramenta segura para quantificar este espaço, auxiliando-o no diagnóstico e tratamento de pacientes. Para mensuração do espaço aéreo naso e bucofaríngeo utilizaram-se 66 telerradiografias laterais de indivíduos com idade entre 12 e 21 anos, brasileiros leucodermas, respiradores nasais, não submetidos a tratamento ortodôntico prévio e portadores de oclusão normal segundo ANDREWS (1972). O valor médio encontrado para o tamanho médio do limite superior do espaço aéreo foi de 17,27mm, e para a menor secção transversal do espaço aéreo o tamanho médio foi de 9,71mm. Considerando-se o limite inferior, o tamanho médio encontrado foi de 13,41mm. E, para a adenóide, o tamanho médio encontrado foi de 4mm.
Torres, Hianne Miranda de. "Avaliação radiográfica da influência da mentoplastia no espaço aéreo faríngeo em pacientes submetidos a avanço maxilomandibular." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/4929.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
The aim of this study was to compare the changes in pharyngeal airway space (PAS) in patients undergoing orthognathic surgery for maxillomandibular advancement with genioplasty for advancement (surgery type I) or without genioplasty (surgery type II). The sample consisted of 52 patients (27 underwent surgery type I, 9 men and 18 women, with mean age of 30.81 years, and 25 patients underwent surgery type II, 9 men and 16 women, mean age 37.64 years) who underwent surgery between the years 2008 and 2012. To quantify the horizontal and vertical changes of the maxilla, mandible and mentum occurring after orthognathic surgery, comparisons were performed on lateral cephalometric radiographic exams preoperatively (TL1) and postoperatively (TL2) for the location of Point A (A), Point B (B) and pogonion (Pog), using as reference a vertical line (VL) tangent to the posterior portion of the Axis and Sela - Nasion line (SN). The PAS was measured from the posterior nasal spine (PNS), the lowest point of the soft palate (SPL) and epiglottic vallecula (V), using as reference the posterior pharyngeal wall (PPW) and the SN line. The measurements were performed on CliniView software (Instrumentarium, Tuusula, Finland). The collected data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 17.0 software (SPSS Inc., Illinois, USA). Statistically significant differences were found when comparing the TL1 and TL2 in PAS for variables PNS-PPW (P = 0.021), SPL-PPW (P = 0.003) and V-PPW (P = 0.010) for surgery type I and PNS-PPW (p < 0.001), SPL-PPW (p = 0.002) for surgery Type II (paired t-test). For horizontal and vertical changes in the maxilla, mandible and mentum were no statistically significant differences when comparing the TL1 and TL2 for the variables A-VL (p = 0.006), B-VL (p = 0.004), Pog-VL (p < 0.001), B-SN (p = 0.010) and Pog-SN (p = 0.041) for surgery Type I and A-VL (p = 0.001), B-VL (p < 0.001) Pog-VL (p = 0.003), B-SN (p = 0.001) and Pog-SN (p = 0.016) for surgery Type II (paired t test). In comparing the surgeries Type I and II, in relation to measurements of PAS, no statistically significant difference was found (t-test). For horizontal and vertical changes on maxilla, mandible and mentum no statistically significant differences were present for B-SN (p < 0.001) and Pog-SN (p = 0.002) (t-test). The Pearson correlation test was performed to test the correlation between changes on maxilla, mandible and mentum structures and PAS. Statistically significant correlations were found in B-VL/SPL-PPW (r = 0.484 and p = 0.011) and Pog-SN/V-PPW (r = 0.434 and p = 0.024) for surgery type I and B-VL/SPL-PPW (r = 0.509, p = 0.009) Pog-VL/V-PPW (r = 0.586, p = 0.002) and Pog-SN/V-PPW (r = 0.455, p = 0.022) for surgery Type II. Based on the results, was possible to conclude that the two surgeries are able to increase PAS, with no statistically significant difference between them, but the numbers pointed to a greater mean value gains in surgery type II (without genioplasty) in the nasopharynx and oropharynx and surgery type I (with genioplasty) in the hypopharynx region.
O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar as alterações no espaço aéreo faríngeo (EAF) em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia ortognática para avanço maxilomandibular com mentoplastia para avanço (cirurgia Tipo I) ou sem mentoplastia (cirurgia Tipo II). A amostra foi constituída por 52 pacientes (27 realizaram a cirurgia Tipo I, sendo 9 homens e 18 mulheres, com média de idade de 30,81 anos, e 25 pacientes realizaram a cirurgia Tipo II, sendo 9 homens e 16 mulheres, com média de idade de 37,64 anos) que realizaram as cirurgias entre os anos de 2008 e 2012. Para quantificar as modificações horizontais e verticais da maxila, mandíbula e mento ocorridas após a cirurgia ortognática foram realizadas comparações nos exames de telerradiografia em norma lateral pré (TL1) e pós-operatórios (TL2) quanto à localização do Ponto A (A), Ponto B (B) e Pogônio (Pog), tomando como referência uma linha vertical (LVR) tangente à porção posterior do dente do axis e à linha Sela – Násio (SN). O EAF foi mensurado a partir da espinha nasal posterior (ENP), ponto mais inferior do palato mole (PMi) e valécula epiglótica (Va), usando como referência a parede posterior da faringe (PPF) e a linha SN. As medidas foram realizadas por meio do software CliniView (Instrumentarium, Tuusula, Finlândia). Os dados coletados foram analisados estatisticamente por meio do software SPSS 17.0 (SPSS Inc., Illinois, EUA). Foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significantes na comparação do EAF nas TL1 e TL2 para as variáveis ENP-PPF (P = 0,021), PMi-PPF (P = 0,003) e Va-PPF (P = 0,010) para a cirurgia Tipo I e ENP-PPF (p < 0,001), PMi-PPF (P = 0,002) para a cirurgia Tipo II (teste t pareado). Para as alterações horizontais e verticais ocorridas na maxila, mandíbula e mento houve diferença estatisticamente significante na comparação das TL1 e TL2 para as variáveis A-LVR (p = 0,006), B-LVR (p = 0,004), Pog-LVR (p < 0,001), B-SN (p = 0,010) e Pog-SN (p= 0,041) para a cirurgia Tipo I e A-LVR (p = 0,001), B-LVR (p < 0,001), Pog-LVR (p = 0,003), B-SN (p = 0,001) e Pog-SN (p = 0,016) para a cirurgia Tipo II (teste t pareado). Na comparação entre as cirurgias Tipo I e II, em relação às mensurações do EAF não houve diferença estatisticamente significante (teste t). Para as modificações horizontais e verticais da maxila, mandíbula e mento houve diferença estatisticamente significante para B-SN (p < 0,001) e Pog-SN (p = 0,002) (teste t). O teste de Correlação de Pearson foi utilizado para testar a correlação entre as modificações nas estruturas da maxila, mandíbula e mento e o EAF. Foram encontradas correlações estatisticamente significantes em B-LVR/PMi-PPF (r = 0,484 e p = 0,011) e Pog-SN/Va-PPF (r = 0,434 e p = 0,024) para a cirurgia Tipo I e B-LVR/PMi-PPF (r = 0,509 e p = 0,009), Pog-LVR/Va-PPF (r = 0,586 e p = 0,002) e Pog-SN/Va-PPF (r = 0,455 e p= 0,022) para a cirurgia Tipo II. Conclui-se que as duas cirurgias são capazes de gerar ganhos ao EAF, não havendo diferença estatisticamente significante entre elas, porém os números apontaram para um valor médio de ganhos maior na cirurgia Tipo II (sem mentoplastia) na região da nasofaringe e orofaringe e para a cirurgia Tipo I (com mentoplastia) na região da hipofaringe.
Navarrete, Mauricio de Castro. "Modelo de previsão de posição de aeronaves para uso em sistemas de vigilância do espaço aéreo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3141/tde-22042007-233948/.
Full textThis research presents a contribution to the evaluation of the predicting aircraft future positions problem considering the Brazilian airspace. These predictions are very important for airspace surveillance systems, mainly to the detection of conflict among aircraft. The problem is studied for en route flights, considering position predictions from 1 to 20 minutes. Firstly, the problem is proposed, so that its application context to air traffic management automation can be clear. Then, the necessary mathematical methods used to study en route aircraft future position prediction are shown. The proposed model employed to find the predictions makes use of linear regression of known aircraft positions, extrapolating its future positions. En route flight conditions permit this approach. Prediction results are then compared with real aircraft positions, so that position estimates quality can be evaluated. Finally, ways of practical application of the proposed model inside computational systems used for aircraft future position prediction are presented. This allows surveillance airspace systems to make use of the predictions.
Almeida, Regina Santos. "Análise da demonstração do fluxo de caixa e seus indicadores em companhias representativas no espaço aéreo brasileiro." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2016. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/19533.
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The publication of the Law 11.638/2007, replaces the statement of sources and uses of funds by the statement of cash flows (DFC). At first the research presents the concept, the objectives of financial statements with a greater emphasis on the statement of cash flow, the research object, with its components from operating activities, investing and financing, the development of methods of demonstration we discuss the cash flow and demonstrates the viability of the financial analysis based on DFC were calculated and interpreted the extracted quotients of reports published by companies available on the Anac website, Azul Airlines, Avianca Brazil, Gol Linhas Aereas and TAM Airlines, for two consecutive years of 2014 and 2013. the indexes are classified into four categories: 1st category quotients box cover, 2nd quotients category of quality of the result, 3rd quotients category Capital expenditures and 4th category returns of cash flows, whose purpose varies the evaluation of the enterprise liquidity to determine the cash return rates
A publicação da lei nº 11.638/2007 substitui a demonstração das origens e aplicações de recursos pela demonstração de fluxos de caixa (DFC). A princípio, a pesquisa apresenta o conceito e os objetivos das demonstrações contábeis com ênfase maior na demonstração de fluxo de caixa – objeto da pesquisa – e seus componentes da atividade operacional de investimento e financiamento. Aborda os métodos de elaboração da demonstração do fluxo de caixa e demonstra a viabilidade da análise financeira com base na DFC. Foram calculados e interpretados os quocientes extraídos dos relatórios publicados pelas companhias Azul Linhas Aéreas, Avianca Brasil, Gol Linhas Aéreas e TAM Linhas Aéreas, disponíveis no site da Anac, para dois anos consecutivos; 2013 e 2014. Os índices são classificados em quatro categorias: 1ª quocientes de cobertura de caixa; 2ª quocientes de qualidade do resultado; 3ª quocientes de dispêndios de capital e 4ª retornos do fluxo de caixa, cuja finalidade varia a avaliação da liquidez do empreendimento até a determinação das taxas de retorno de caixa
Lara, Luis Alberto Zambrano. "Avaliação da fusão de dados do ADS-B e do radar primário no controle do espaço aéreo." Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 2011. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2030.
Full textPogianelo, Marcus Luiz. "Análise do Espaço Aéreo Brasileiro por meio de simulação "fast time" - estudo de caso na área de controle terminal Recife." Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 2008. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=493.
Full textAredes, Airton. "Transporte aéreo no Brasil : a dinâmica dos fluxos turísticos por voos regulares, charter e fretamentos domésticos de passageiros. -." Presidente Prudente, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/190893.
Full textBanca: Eliseo Saverio Sposito
Banca: Antonio Nivaldo Hespanhol
Banca: Roberto França da Silva Júnior
Banca: Adauto de Oliveira Souza
Resumo: A presente pesquisa teve por propósito uma reflexão sobre os fluxos produzidos pelas interações espaciais resultantes da relação entre transporte aéreo e turismo, pelo viés dos voos charter e de fretamentos domésticos de passageiros. Em nossa perspectiva, consideramos inicialmente que esses voos não regulares têm estreita relação com os fluxos de passageiros turistas resultantes das interações espaciais entre os espaços de vivência e trabalho e os espaços de lazer e turismo. No atual estágio da sociedade em que é inegável a influência do meio técnico-científico-informacional na organização espacial, a velocidade nos deslocamentos, assim como a de realização do capital é fundamental na medida em que as distâncias entre a realização do trabalho e do turismo estão cada vez maiores, porém, mais facilitadas pela utilização do modal aéreo nos deslocamentos espaciais. Seja a trabalho ou a lazer e turismo o modal aéreo se configura como importante meio para intensificação da fluidez territorial e remeteu-nos a refletir sobre a origem dessa invenção e suas inovações ao longo do tempo. Dessa forma, procuramos descrever como se deu o desenvolvimento do transporte aéreo no mundo e no Brasil baseando-nos em uma abordagem histórica e relacionando-o com o desenvolvimento do turismo. Em seguida, procuramos enfocar como o meio técnico-científico-informacional se impôs na organização da dimensão aérea do espaço geográfico, visto por nós como um sistema de objetos, ações e normas que tem reflexos nos voos não regulares (charter e fretamentos) ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The purpose of this research was a reflection on the flows produced by spatial interactions resulting from the relationship between air transport and tourism, the bias of the charter and domestic passenger charter. In our perspective, we believe that these flights did not initially have a close relationship with regular passenger flows of tourists resulting spatial interactions between the living spaces and work and leisure and tourism. At this stage of society is undeniable that the influence of the scientific-technical and informational spatial organization, the speed in shifts, as well as the realization of capital is critical in that the distances between the completion of the work and tourism are increasing, but more facilitated by the use of modal shifts in air space. Whether business or leisure and tourism the air mode is configured as an important means for intensifying territorial fluidity and sent us to reflect on the origin of this invention and their innovations over time. Thus, we describe how was the development of air transport in Brazil and worldwide basing ourselves in a historical approach and linking it to the development of tourism. Then, we focus on how the technical-scientific-informational prevailed in organizing the aerial dimension of geographic space, seen by us as a system of objects, actions and norms that has repercussions on flights not scheduled (charter). Then we discuss the relationship between tourism and air transport by initially scheduled and further by regular flights not seeking to demonstrate its evolution ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Alves, Celha Borges Costa. "Influência dos diferentes padrões faciais nas dimensões do espaço aéreo faríngeo avaliados em tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/8581.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The pharyngeal airway space (PAS) determines vital functional processes such as swallowing and phonation. It includes nasopharynx and oropharynx and actively contributes to the development of facial morphology as a whole and the ideal occlusion. Pathological alterations that lead to PAS narrowing may cause alterations in craniofacial development due to variations in the respiratory pattern and swallowing. The relationship between PAS, severity of malocclusion, and variations in the skeletal pattern is well established. This study aimed to assess whether there is a relationship between the dimensions of PAS and the different skeletal facial patterns. A total of 207 cone beam computed tomographies (CBCTs) of patients between 20 and 40 years of age referred to orthodontic treatment were selected. These tomographic images were analyzed and divided into groups regarding anteroposterior skeletal facial pattern (APP) or maxillomandibular anteroposterior relationship (Classes I, II, and III) and vertical skeletal facial patterns (VP) dolichofacial, mesofacial, and brachyfacial. All the measures were performed by only one rater, using the software Dolphin. Statistical tests of rater calibration and of the measures obtained were conducted using the software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows version 24.0 at the 5% level of significance. For interrater reliability analysis, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used. The Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney post-test, the one-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) and Tukey post-test, as well as Pearson correlation and the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) of all measures of APP and VP were used. Excellent ICC results, above 0.9, were found for intrarater reliability. Statistically significant differences were found in the comparison of Class I regarding pharyngeal (p = 0.033) and oropharyngeal minimum area (p = 0.036) and pharyngeal (p = 0.024), nasopharingeal (p = 0.008), and oropharingeal anteroposterior width (p = 0.008) among mesofacial and dolichofacial patients. Mesofacial patients had significant differences in pharyngeal volume (p = 0.039), pharyngeal minimum area (p = 0.013), nasopharyngeal length (p = 0.017), and oropharyngeal length (p = 0.001) among Classes I, II, and III. For Class III, significant differences were found in nasopharyngeal (p = 0.046) and oropharyngeal length (p = 0.039) among mesofacial and dolichofacial patients. Dolichofacial patients had significant differences in nasopharingeal (p = 0.019) and oropharyngeal anteroposterior width (p = 0.012) among Classes I, II, and III. A negative correlation was found between VP and the location of minimum area of nasopharynx (p = 0.001) and oropharynx (p = 0.002), as well as between APP and nasopharingeal (p = 0.002) and oropharingeal anteroposterior width (p = 0.003). Interactions were found between APP, VP, and APP x VP. Therefore, significant differences were observed in the comparisons, correlations, and interactions between APPs and VPs and PAS dimensions.
O espaço aéreo faríngeo (EAF) determina processos funcionais vitais como deglutição e fonação, inclui a nasofaringe e a orofaringe e contribui dinamicamente para o desenvolvimento da morfologia facial como um todo e a oclusão ideal. O estreitamento do EAF pode causar mudanças no desenvolvimento craniofacial em decorrência de alterações no padrão respiratório e na deglutição. A relação entre o EAF, a severidade da má oclusão e a variação no padrão esquelético facial é bem estabelecida. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar se há relação entre as dimensões do EAF e os diferentes padrões esqueléticos faciais. Foram selecionadas 207 tomografias computadorizadas de feixe cônico (TCFCs) de pacientes entre 20 e 40 anos de idade indicados para tratamento ortodôntico. Essas imagens tomográficas foram analisadas e divididas em grupos quanto ao padrão esquelético facial anteroposterior (PAP), ou relação maxilomandibular anteroposterior (Classes I, II e III) e ao padrão esquelético facial vertical (PV) dolicofacial, mesofacial e braquifacial. Todas as medidas foram realizadas por apenas um examinador, utilizando o software Dolphin. Foram realizados testes estatísticos de calibração do examinador e das medidas obtidas utilizando o software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) para Windows versão 24.0 no nível de significância de 5%. Para o grau de concordância intraexaminador, foi utilizado o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (ICC). Foram utilizados testes de Kruskal-Wallis e pós-teste de Mann-Whitney, análise de variância com um fator (one-way ANOVA) e pós-teste de Tukey para comparação, assim como correlação de Pearson e análise de variância multivariada (MANOVA) de todas as medidas no PAP e PV. Foram obtidos valores excelentes de ICC, acima de 0,9, para o grau de concordância intraexaminador. Houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas na comparação dos Classe I quanto à área mínima da faringe (p = 0,033) e da orofaringe (p = 0,036) e à largura anteroposterior da faringe (p = 0,024), da nasofaringe (p = 0,008) e da orofaringe (p = 0,008) entre os mesofaciais e os dolicofaciais. Os mesofaciais apresentaram diferenças significativas em volume da faringe (p = 0,039), área mínima da faringe (p = 0,013), comprimento da nasofaringe (p = 0,017) e comprimento da orofaringe (p = 0,001) entre os Classes I, II e III. Para os Classe III houve diferenças significativas no comprimento da nasofaringe (p = 0,046) e da orofaringe (p = 0,039) entre mesofaciais e dolicofaciais. Os dolicofaciais apresentaram diferenças significativas na largura anteroposterior da nasofaringe (p = 0,019) e da orofaringe (p = 0,012) entre os Classes I, II e III. Houve correlação negativa entre o PV e a localização da área mínima da nasofaringe (p = 0,001) e da orofaringe (p = 0,002) e entre o PAP e a largura anteroposterior da nasofaringe (p = 0,002) e da orofaringe (p = 0,003). Houve interação entre PAP, PV e PAP x PV. Portanto, foram observadas diferenças significativas nas comparações, correlações e interações entre os PAPs e PVs e as dimensões do EAF.
Gonçales, Eduardo Sanches. "Estudo cefalométrico computadorizado do espaço aéreo faríngeo de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia ortognática para correção de prognatismo mandibular." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25132/tde-15062007-151325/.
Full textPharynx is a muscular organ with is sustained by craniofacial bones. It is divided into nasal, oral and hipopharynx, and can be considered as a tube that can be closed serving both respiratory and digestive systems, participating of breathing, swallowing and speech. Its anatomical morphology permits that factors such as obesity, muscular hipotony, and mandibular deficiency, among others, facilitate its obstruction, leading to the sleep apnea syndrome (OAS). The treatment consists of surgical mandibular advancement for the desobstruction of the pharynx, once this procedure increases pharyngeal dimensions. In this context, the determination of the site of the obstruction is essential for an adequate treatment, and conventional or digital cephalometries are useful tools for this diagnosis. If mandible advancement increases pharyngeal air space it is expected that mandible setback decreases such space. In order to evaluate cephalometric alterations of pharyngeal air space after orthognatic surgeries for the correction of mandibular prognatism, cephalometric analysis of 18 patients before and after surgical correction were performed using Dolphin Imaging 10.0 Program. The surgical technique consisted of bilateral mandibular sagital osteotomy associated to maxilla advancement and mentoplasty. Results did not reveal statistical differences for 142 the superior (naso), medium (oral), and inferior (hypopharynx) pharyngeal air spaces, leading to the conclusion that Dolphin Imaging 10.0 Program can be used for the analysis of the pharyngeal air space and that the surgical procedure seems not to interfere in the airway space.
Segú, Mariona. "Three essays on local housing markets The impact of taxing vacancy on housing markets Do short-term rentalplatforms affect housingmarkets? evidence from airbnb in barcelona." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASI001.
Full textThis thesis studies housing markets in France and Spain and their interaction with different phenomena. Chapter 1 assesses, both theoretically and empirically, the impact of a tax on vacant housing. I exploit the quasi-experimental variation provided by the French policy to causally identify the impact of a tax on vacancy rates in a difference-in-differences setting. I combine this strategy with a propensity score matching and I find that the tax reduced vacancy rates by 13%. The tax is responsible for the reintroduction of primary residences in the rental market and the reduction of long-term vacancy. Chapter 2 looks at the effects of Airbnb penetration in Barcelona’s housing market. We use several econometric approaches that exploit the exact timing and geography of Airbnb activity in the city. These include the use of neighborhood-specific trends, an instrumental shift-share strategy, and an event study. Our results imply that rents have increased by 1.9%, while transaction (posted) prices have increased by 5.3% (3.7%). The estimated impact in neighborhoods with high Airbnb activity is substantial. Chapter 3 investigates whether air traffic exerts a pro-inflationary effect on housing markets. We exploit the variation in air traffic between small and large French airports caused by the liberalization of the European aviation market in the 1990s to evaluate the air transport impact on housing prices in French municipalities. Our results show a small but significant inflationary effect of air traffic, which is essentially due to the higher frequency of flights, the arrival of low-cost airlines, and the buying strategy of international and senior visitors
Gimenes, Ricardo Alexandre Veiga. "Método de avaliação de segurança crítica para a integração de veículos aéreos não tripulados no espaço aéreo controlado e não segregado." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3141/tde-21072016-151906/.
Full textThe growing demand for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) has been a subject of concern on the part of international organizations responsible for airspace safety. UAV has been used by stakeholders in strict conditions, but for UAV to become economically viable, it is necessary to issue regulations that still do not exist for safe integration in the controlled non-segregated airspace. In the light of this unattended demand, a method (Safety-VANT) was developed in this Thesis to evaluate the critical safety of UAV conduction, a task performed by a Piloting Autonomous System. The development of the Safety-VANT method aims to provide UAV regulators and developers, means of quantifying the safety assessment in the aircraft airworthiness. A hypothesis used in the method considers that the UAV hardware and software (avionics, fairing, sensors and actuators) are previously evaluated and certified by the same procedures and rules applicable to manned aircraft equipment. This hypothesis allowed the Safety-VANT - the developed safety assessment method - to evaluate the ability of an autonomous command embedded in an UAV to fly, to navigate and to communicate, according to the management of air navigation system rules. The Safety-VANT application was exercised under a hypothetical UAV set to being able to fly, to navigate and to communicate with Air Traffic Control and it has the equipment and the certified aircraft structure (fairing). In addition, considerations are performed for deploying the use of Safety-VANT in autonomous UAV development to integrate it into the Airspace.
Callirgos, Robles Luis José, and Ruesta Martín Adolfo Pacherrez. "Sistema de coordinación y articulación intersectorial para enfrentar la ineficacia en el control del espacio aéreo, ejercido por la Fuerza Aérea del Perú, en la zona de tránsito de las aeronaves civiles asociadas al tráfico ilícito de drogas, que ingresan ilegalmente desde la frontera peruano-boliviana hasta la selva central del país." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/17396.
Full textThe sovereignty and security of the national airspace have been affected by systematic violations of civil aircraft associated with illegal activities, related to drug dealing, that transit between the Peruvian-Bolivian border and the country´s central jungle; the Peruvian Air Force (FAP) is responsible for protecting the inviolability of the national airspace, however, the lack of political will, the external political influence, the limited capacity of the State and the lack of intersectoral coordination and articulation spaces generate that the FAP does not fulfill this responsibility effectively. The purpose of this research is to analyze the ineffectiveness of the FAP strategy implemented to face this problem, exploring the causal theoretical framework that commonly affects the public sector, which the solution constitutes a challenge, it requires coordinated and articulated actions as well as the participation of different state institutions, not just the FAP. Likewise, an innovative solution is proposed, facing the identified challenge, which raises the implementation of a “system of coordination and intersectoral articulation”, which will improve the coordination, articulation, decisionmaking, exchange of information for joint work, under common objectives, among the actors with responsibility in the fight against Illicit Drug Dealing (TID) that affect the sovereignty and security of the national airspace.
Trabajo de investigación
Regales, Cristóbal Esteban. "La infraestructura y el espacio aéreo como elementos del mercado de transporte. su gestión, sistema normativo y derecho comparado." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/367921.
Full textThe thesis introduces us in the study of the airport, inside the area of the aviation law in the one that has its origin across an objective study, while infrastructure, with the clear motivation of going deeply into the analysis of the juridical nature of the airport dividing from its origin, in which there was understood that they were a consequence, from a perspective juridically politics, of the administrative sovereign activity of the States, for which they imposed in their respective territories the regulation on safety and in general, quite the relative one to the different aspects of control of the air activity. Heteronim circumstance that it leads us to concluding in the effective autonomy of the aviation law, recognizing its characters of internationality and politicity. The existence of aerodromes and airports explains not only for needs of practical and technical order, but also for reasons of political, tributary order, of safety, etc., provided that to the States always they were interested in possessing the control of entry and exit in the different parts of its territory of the aircraft, passengers and goods, principally in the international frame. One tries to contribute to the juridical community the elements of analysis on the evolution of the airports from a chronological perspective that between other aspects allows us to harmonize the concept of airport, installation or airport establishment (between other used names), with the most wide, current and developed that today we name an airport infrastructure (with everything what it endures). There can not be obviated the significant economic importance of the airports and their impacts in the zones in which they are located or serve. However, to target the airport from a technical - operative perspective takes us a fancy more complex if we depart from such concepts as airport market, competition, privatization or models of management, all of them clearly orientated to their economic slope Definitively, the work focuses the search of the juridical essence that it allows to think and to define to the airports, in some States, as a public service; in others, to see them integrated inside a market airport but not integrated as own elements of the market of transport; to understand the airports, as the European Court of Justice determined, as a real company, or already decisive jurisdictionally affected in the European Union. negatively, after arduous polemic, of which the airports realize an activity understood in the sector of the provision of services. To the thread of the exposed thing, we treat the increasing legislation respect of the environmental impacts that have been taking place in the latter years and that affect in the important instrument of planning that is the Plan The Director of the infrastructure, the procedure being regulated, that respectful with the regulation and the competing competitions, they allow its accomplishment. Finally, as for the manners of airport management, we affect and raise the question of not confusing a change of juridical regime of the manager (removing it from the orbit of the State), with a change in the way of management that in Spain continues being centralized and in the shape of network, affecting since some authors conclude in an abuse of the position of domain on the market of transport.
Santos, Cristiane Barbosa dos. "Análise tridimensional do espaço aéreo faríngeo e posição do osso hioide em crianças com e sem indicação para adenotonsilectomia." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/8670.
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The pharynx is an organ that participates in the respiratory and digestive systems. Its peculiar tubular anatomy may be mechanically obstructed, especially due to adenotonsillar hyperplasia. This hyperplasia, when chronic, results in changes in craniofacial growth and development. The present study aimed to perform the threedimensional evaluation, using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), of 4- to 9- year-old children, with and without indication for adenotonsillectomy (AT) and with maxillary atresia, comparing the measurements and the location of the minimum area of the pharynx, as well as the total pharyngeal volume and the volume of the subregions of the palatine tonsils and adenoids and, additionally, locating the position of the hyoid bone (H) and correlating it with the total pharynx volume and the volume of the subregions of the palatine tonsils and adenoids. For the selection of the nonprobabilistic consecutive sampling, 487 children were screened at the Otorhinolaryngology Outpatient Clinic of the Hospital das Clínicas, School of Medicine of the Universidade Federal de Goiás, from March to December 2017. Inclusion criteria were: age group between 4 and 9 years, presence of maxillary atresia, and balanced face (evaluated by the S line) using facial analysis. Exclusion criteria were: obesity, extensive caries, previous AT, presence of craniofacial syndromes or congenital anomalies, history of traumas or surgeries in the region of head, neck, or face, previous orthopedic/orthodontic treatment, early tooth loss, and dental Class II or III. The diagnosis of maxillary atresia and the other oral conditions were performed by two orthodontists. After selection, the patients were evaluated by an otorhinolaryngologist, who conducted anamnesis, physical examination and flexible nasal endoscopy to diagnose the obstruction due to adenotonsillar hyperplasia. The sample size calculation, considering the minimum area of the pharynx as the primary variable, defined 30 patients in each of the two study groups, the surgical and the non-surgical groups, who underwent the Prick test. Posteriorly, they underwent CBCT exams to evaluate the airflow and position of H. CBCTs were analyzed using the Invivo Dental software to obtain the three-dimensional and two-dimensional measurements of the pharyngeal airway space and the position of H. The age did not show statistical difference between groups (p = 0.111). The surgical group had a higher frequency of male participants. The measurements of total pharyngeal volume (p = 0.038), volume of the adenoid region (p = 0.001), and minimum area of the pharynx (p = 0.011) showed significant statistical differences between the grupos. In the surgical group, the highest frequency of the minimum area of the pharynx was in the adenoid region (60.0%), while in the non-surgical group the highest frequency was in the palatine tonsil region (73.3%). The correlation coefficient between H-Tweed mandibular plane (MP) and the volume of the palatine tonsil region was moderate in the surgical group (r = 0.408; p = 0.025). In conclusion, in this study: the pharyngeal volumes and the volume in the adenoid region were signifcantly reduced in the patients of the surgical group compared to the non-surgical group; the volume corresponding to the palatine tonsil region was similar in both groups; the narrowest pharynx area was located at a higher frequency in the region near the adenoid hyperplasia in the surgical group, whereas in the non-surgical group it was located at a higher frequency in the palatine tonsil region; no significant statistical difference was found for the position of H between the groups, and the correlation between its position and the sagital and vertical cephalometric patterns was weak.
A faringe é um órgão que participa dos sistemas respiratório e digestório. Sua peculiar anatomia tubular pode sofrer obstrução mecânica, em especial por hiperplasia adenotonsilar. Quando de caráter crônico, essa hiperplasia resulta em alterações no crescimento e no desenvolvimento craniofacial. O presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar a avaliação tridimensional, por meio de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC), de crianças de 4 a 9 anos, com e sem indicação de adenotonsilectomia (AT) e com atresia de maxila, comparando as medidas e a localização da área mínima da faringe, assim como o volume total da faringe e das sub-regiões das tonsilas palatinas e adenoides e, adicionalmente, localizando a posição do osso hioide (H) e correlacionando-a com o volume total da faringe e das sub-regiões das tonsilas palatinas e adenoides. Para a seleção da amostra não probabilística consecutiva, foram triadas 487 crianças atendidas no Ambulatório de Otorrinolaringologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Goiás entre março e dezembro de 2017. Os critérios de inclusão compreenderam faixa etária entre 4 e 9 anos, presença de atresia maxilar e face balanceada (avaliada pela linha S) por análise facial. Os critérios de exclusão foram: obesidade, cáries extensas, AT prévia, presença de síndromes craniofaciais ou anomalias congênitas, histórico de traumas ou cirurgias na região da cabeça, pescoço ou face, tratamento ortopédico/ortodôntico prévio, perda precoce de dentes e Classe II ou III dentária. O diagnóstico de atresia maxilar e das demais condições bucais foi feito por duas ortodontistas. Após a seleção, os pacientes foram avaliados por otorrinolaringologista, que procedeu a anamnese, exame físico e endoscopia nasal flexível para diagnóstico de obstrução por hiperplasia adenotonsilar. Pelo cálculo amostral, considerando como variável de desfecho primário a área mínima da faringe, definiu-se o número de 30 sujeitos em cada um dos dois grupos de estudo, o cirúrgico e o não cirúrgico, os quais foram submetidos ao Prick test. Posteriormente, passaram por exame de TCFC para avaliação da via aerífera e da posição do H. As TCFCs foram analisadas usando o software Invivo Dental para obtenção das medidas tridimensionais e bidimensionais do espaço aéreo faríngeo (EAF) e do posicionamento do H. A idade não apresentou diferença estatística entre os grupos (p = 0,111). O grupo cirúrgico apresentou maior frequência de indivíduos do sexo masculino. As medidas de volume total (p = 0,038), volume da região das adenoides (p = 0,001) e área mínima da faringe (p = 0,011) apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos. No grupo cirúrgico, houve maior frequência de área mínima na região das adenoides (60,0%) enquanto no grupo não cirúrgico houve maior frequência na região das tonsilas palatinas (73,3%). O coeficiente de correlação entre H-plano mandibular de Tweed (MP) e o volume da região das tonsilas palatinas foi moderado no grupo cirúrgico (r = 0,408; p = 0,025). Conclui-se que, neste estudo: os volumes aéreos faríngeos e da região das adenoides foram significativamente reduzidos nos pacientes do grupo cirúrgico em comparação com os do grupo não cirúrgico; o volume correspondente à região das tonsilas palatinas se apresentou semelhante para os dois grupos; a área de maior estreitamento faríngeo se localizou com maior frequência na região próxima à hiperplasia das adenoides no grupo cirúrgico, enquanto no não cirúrgico se localizou com mais frequência na região próxima às tonsilas palatinas; não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa na posição do H entre os grupos, e a correlação entre a sua posição e os padrões cefalométricos sagital e vertical foi fraca.
Almeida, José Augusto de. "Da segurança operacional para implantação de VANT em espaço aéreo não-segregado no Brasil : capacidade de perceber e evitar." Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 2012. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2196.
Full textZinsly, Sabrina dos Reis [UNESP]. "Avaliação dimensional do espaço aéreo faríngeo em crianças com diferentes morfologias faciais por meio da tomografia computadorizada do feixe cônico." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98010.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O objetivo neste estudo foi avaliar as diferenças no espaço aéreo faríngeo em crianças com diferentes padrões faciais. Foram avaliadas as tomografias computadorizadas de feixe cônico de 98 indivíduos em crescimento, com idade média de 8,9 anos, divididas por sexo e faixa etária, e subdivididas de acordo com o padrão de crescimento (horizontal, vertical normal e produtores) e tipo de má oclusão (Classe I e Classe II). Utilizando um programa tridimensional, foram analisados o volume, área sagital, menor área de seção transversal e as dimensões ântero-posteriores da faringe superior e inferior. As dimensões ântero-posterior da faringe superior e inferior foi significativamente menor em indivíduos com Classe II em crianças na faixa etária entre 9 a 11 anos e a faringe superior em foi significativamente menor em crianças na faixa etária entre 5 e 7 anos com padrão de crescimento vertical. Porém, quando a faringe foi avaliada tridimensionalmente, não foram encontradas diferenças nas demais dimensões sugerindo que diferenças no padrão vertical e no tipo de má oclusão ântero-posterior (Classe I e II) não influenciam as dimensões da faringe. Não foi encontrado dimorfismo sexual. A região de maior constrição da faringe esteve presente mais freqüentemente na orofaringe (86%). Embora as dimensões lineares possam variar entre os diferentes padrões faciais, quando avaliadas tridimensionalmente, elas não foram influenciadas pelas diferentes morfologias faciais
The aim of this study was to assess the differences in pharyngeal airway space in children with different facial patterns. Cone-beam computed tomography records of 98 growing patients with mean age of 8.9 years divided by sex and age groups and subdivided according to growth pattern (horizontal, normal and vertical growers) and type of malloclusion (Class I and Class II) were evaluated .Using a 3-dimensional virtual program the volume, sagital area, smallest cross section area, anteroposterior dimensions of superior and inferior pharynx were obtained. The anteroposterior linear dimensions of superior and inferior pharynx in children with 9 to11 years was significant smaller in patients with Class II relationship but in 3D evaluation differences were not found suggesting that anteroposterior malocclusion do not influence pharynx dimensions. The anteroposterior linear dimensions of superior , pharynx in children with 5 to7 years was significant smaller in patients with vertical growth pattern when compared to normal growers, but in 3D evaluation differences were not found suggesting that vertical pattern do not influence pharynx dimensions. No sexual dimorphism was found. The most constricted region of pharynx were mostly found at oropharynx(96%).Although linear dimensions can vary among different facial patterns, the 3-dimensional dimensions weren’t influenced by different facial morphologies
Araújo, Phelype Maia. "Espaço aéreo superior de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de avanço maxilo-mandibular: qual a estabilidade do ganho após 5 anos?" reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2017. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/24229.
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Current literature has argued that maxillo-mandibular advancement obtained in orthognathic surgery promotes improvement in air space, thus it is a therapeutic acceptable option for those patients which present dento-skeletal deformities. Providing an aesthetic and functional result, so many implications reflect in this surgical treatment, with that mutiples facial changes impact on personal and social life, bringing benefits to peolpe life quality. Objective: The objective of this study is to compare the relative changes in three specific - regions, nasopharynx, oropharynx and hypopharynx - to the total area, to the volume and to the most constricted area of the airways after maxillo-mandibular advancement surgery, using cone-bean computed tomography (CBCT) in a period of up to 5 years. Material and Methods: A retrospective study in which four CT scans of each patient from a total sample of 30 patients (men and women) with maxillo-mandibular deficiency who had been submitted to orthognathic surgery with bimaxillary advancement were evaluated in a pre-operative (T0), immediate postoperative period of up to 30 days after surgery (T1), late postoperative period, 1 year after surgery (T2), and late postoperative period, 3 to 5 years after surgery (T3). From this, it was performed the quantification of the total area, volume and area of greatest constriction of the airways at the three points, nasopharynx, oropharynx and hypopharynx was and compared between them. Results: It was found a mean gain of total area of T0 in relation to T1 of 6.41cm2 (86.97%), T0 in relation to T2 of 3.04cm2 (41.70%), T0 in relation To T3 of 1.67cm2 (23.07%). When the airway was divided by regions, an area gain was observed in the nasopharynx of T0 in relation to T1 of 3.30cm2 (91.20%), T0 in relation to T2 of 1.29cm2 (37.23%), T0 to T3 of 0.63cm2 (20.50%). In the oropharynx region, a T0 gain was observed in relation to T1 of 1.39cm2 (71.27%), T0 in relation to T2 of 0.60cm2 (30.70%), T0 in relation to T3 of 0.30cm2 (18.8%) and in the hypopharynx region a T0 gain was observed in relation to T1 of 1.37cm2 (107.13%), T0 in relation to T2 of 0.70cm2 (55.13% ), T0 to T3 of 0.34cm2 (28.43%). When the total volume gain of T0 was evaluated in relation to T1 of 137.18 cm3 (81.83%), T0 in relation to T2 of 66.59cm3 (39.07%), T0 in relation to T3 of 32 , 92cm3 (20.97%) and when the airway was divided by regions, there was a volume gain in the nasopharynx of T0 in relation to 12 T1 of 81.97cm3 (90.57%), T0 in relation to T2 Of 40.99cm3 (45.70%), from T0 to T3 of 16.87cm3 (19.86%). In the oropharynx region, there was a gain of T0 in relation to T1 of 37.37 cm3 (87.73%), T0 in relation to T2 of 21.01 cm3 (50.43%), T0 in relation to T3 Of 11.94 cm3 (21.73%) and in the hypopharyngeal region, a gain of T0 was observed in relation to T1 of 55.79 cm3 (136.50%), from T0 to T2 of 22.81 cm3 (96 , 90%), from T0 to T3 of 13.68cm3 (20.92%). Finally, the most constricted airway area gain was measured by regions, in the nasopharynx of T0 in relation to T1 of 1.85cm2 (308.10%), T0 in relation to T2 of 1.32cm2 (221, 90%), from T0 to T3 of 0.59cm2 (93.57%). In the oropharyngeal region, a gain was observed of T0 in relation to T1 of 0.88cm2 (147.87%), T0 in relation to T2 of 0.48cm2 (83.80%), T0 in relation to T3 of 0.35 cm 2 (46.30%) and in the hypopharynx region, a T0 gain was observed in relation to T1 of 1.31 cm2 (178.27%), T0 in relation to T2 of 0.68 cm2 (92.95 %), From T0 to T3 of 0.36cm2 (50.63%). Conclusion: Finally, it was concluded that maxillo-mandibular advancement is a surgical technique that provides a gain in area, volume and most constricted area of the upper upper airways in the immediate, late postoperative period of 1 year and late postoperative period of 3 to 5 years, showing, however, a partial loss in late periods.
Os avanços maxilo-mandibulares obtidos na cirurgia ortognática são uma opção terapêutica aceita para pacientes que apresentam deformidades dento-esqueléticas, proporcionando um aumento no espaço aéreo e um resultado estético e funcional. Devido às grandes implicações deste tratamento cirúrgico as mudanças faciais obtidas irão repercutir na vida pessoal e social do paciente, trazendo, assim, benefícios à qualidade de vida destes indivíduos. Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar as alterações ocorridas em três regiões especificas das vias aéreas - nasofaringe, orofaringe e hipofaringe - em relação à área total, ao volume e à área mais consctrita após cirurgia de avanço maxilo-mandibular, por meio de tomografia computadorizada Feixe Cônico (TCFC), em um período de no mínimo 5 anos. Material e Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo com uma amostra total de 30 pacientes, de ambos os sexos, com deficiência maxilo-mandibular que haviam sido submetidos à cirurgia ortognática com avanço bimaxilar, acompanhados em um período pós-operatório mínimo de cinco anos, que apresentassem TCFC para serem avaliados em quatro períodos: pré-operatório (T0), pós-operatório imediato de até trinta dias após a cirurgia (T1), pós-operatório tardio, 1 ano após a cirurgia (T2) e pós-operatório tardio de 5 anos após a cirurgia (T3). Foram realizadas avaliações da quantificação da área total, do volume total e da área de maior constricção das vias aéreas nos três níveis: nasofaringe, orofaringe e hipofaringe e comparados entre elas. Resultados: Encontrou-se uma média de ganho de área total das VASP de T0 em relação a T1 de 6,41cm2 (86,97%), de T0 em relação a T2 de 3,04cm2 (41,70%), de T0 a T3 de 1,67cm2 (23,07%). Quando foi dividida a via aérea por regiões, foi observado um ganho de área na nasofaringe de T0 a T1 de 3,30cm2 (91,20%), de T0 a T2 de 1,29cm2 (37,23%), de T0 a T3 de 0,63cm2 (18,50%). Na região da orofaringe, foi observado um ganho de T0 a T1 de 1,39cm2 (71,27%), de T0 a T2 de 0,60cm2 (30,70%), de T0 a T3 de 0,30cm2 (15,5%) e na região da hipofaringe foi observado um ganho de T0 em relação a T1 de 1,37cm2 (107,13%), de T0 em relação a T2 de 0,70cm2 (55,13%), de T0 a T3 de 0,34cm2 (28,43%). Quando foi avaliado o ganho de volume total de T0 em relação a T1 de 137,18cm3 (81,83%), de T0 a T2 de 66,59cm3 (39,07%), de T0 a T3 de 32,92cm3 (20,97%) e quando foi dividida a via aérea por regiões, observou-se um ganho de volume na nasofaringe de T0 em relação a T1 de 81,97cm3 (90,57%), de T0 em 10 relação a T2 de 40,99cm3 (45,70%), de T0 em relação a T3 de 16,87cm3 (19,86%). Na região da orofaringe, observou-se um ganho de T0 em relação a T1 de 37,37cm3 (87,73%), de T0 em relação a T2 de 21,01cm3 (50,43%), de T0 em relação a T3 de 11,94cm3 (21,73%) e na região da hipofaringe, observou-se um ganho de T0 em relação a T1 de 55,79cm3 (236,50%), de T0 a T2 de 22,81cm3 (96,90%), de T0 a T3 de 13,68cm3 (20,92%). Por fim, mensurou-se o ganho de área mais constricta da via aérea por regiões, na nasofaringe de T0 em relação a T1 de 1,85cm2 (308,10%), de T0 a T2 de 1,32cm2 (221,90%), de T0 a T3 de 0,59cm2 (93,57%). Na região da orofaringe, foi observado um ganho de T0 em relação a T1 de 0,88cm2 (147,87%), de T0 a T2 de 0,48cm2 (83,80%), de T0 a T3 de 0,35cm2 (46,30%) e na região da hipofaringe, foi observado um ganho de T0 em relação a T1 de 1,31cm2 (178,27%), de T0 a T2 de 0,68cm2 (92,95%), de T0 em relação a T3 de 0,36cm2 (50,63%). Conclusão: Conclui-se que o avanço maxilo-mandibular é uma técnica cirúrgica que proporciona um ganho de área total, volume total e de área mais constricta de vias aéreas superiores posteriores nos períodos pós-operatório imediato, tardio de 1 ano e tardio de 5 anos, havendo, no entanto, uma perda parcial em períodos tardios.
Aguilar, Anaya Freddy Alfredo. "Propuesta de implementación del canal azul (fiscalización posterior) en el procedimiento general del régimen aduanero de importación para el consumo, en el ámbito aéreo peruano." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2018. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/12603.
Full textTesis
Pizzo, Walter Nogueira. "Avaliação da disponibilidade de sistemas computacionais críticos para o controle do espaço aéreo por meio de modelo analítico da teoria de filas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3141/tde-02102008-174430/.
Full textDue to the growth in airspace utilization, which can be verified both in terms of the expansions in aerial movements, airports and volumes of transported passengers and cargo, as well as in terms of the expansion of military operations demands and diversity, airspace control activities have been increasing their technical complexity, introducing new features into the existent automation systems or creating additional resources for the automation of some functions previously performed by human operators. This situation has increased the dependence on the availability of the computer systems involved in the services provided by control centers. Project directives and operational procedures are established in order to maintain the safety integrity levels of the systems, in case any failure occurs. However, the availability becomes a critical parameter, once failure events can force an undesirable state of degraded operation, jeopardizing the nominal capacity of the services being performed through any controlled airspace. In this scenario, this work presents an availability model for the computer systems used in airspace control centers, based on analysis from queuing theory. A general model is first presented, referencing a case study that describes the use of queuing models to access the availability of generic data centers. Further considerations are introduced to extend this general model in order to propose its application for the specific computer systems used in airspace control centers, where operational control relies on human activities. In this case, system operation involves intensive use of human-machine interfaces (HMI), for the regular control services provided, and additional technical or operational maintenance activities, occasionally imposed to repair a momentary loss of any function of the system.
Palomino-Gómez, Sandra Patricia [UNESP]. "Tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico para avaliação do tratamento da classe II divisão 1ª com o aparelho Herbst no espaço aéreo faríngeo." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95781.
Full textAs mudanças nos padrões de respiração nasal afetam profundamente o crescimento craniofacial. Avanços tecnológicos, como a tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC), têm sido utilizados com o propósito de se observar tridimensionalmente, o crânio, a face e o espaço aéreo faríngeo, sendo possível a avaliação das mudanças do espaço aéreo induzidas pelos aparelhos ortopédicos propulsores mandibular. O intuito deste estudo é apresentar um método de avaliação das vias aéreas de fácil reprodutibilidade, e avaliar, mediante a TCFC, os efeitos do aparelho de Herbst bandado no espaço aéreo orofaríngeo (EAOF), nasofaríngeo (EANF) e faríngeo superior (EAFS), em indivíduos com má oclusão classe II divisão 1ª. A amostra foi composta por imagens digitais de 15 indivíduos (idade média inicial de 15,7 anos ± 1.7, após surto de crescimento pubertário) com má oclusão classe II divisão 1ª, tratados com aparelho Herbst bandado (8 meses). Os exames tomográficos foram realizados antes (T1) e após (T2) o tratamento. A fase inicial foi realizada com a orientação do nos planos; axial, coronal e sagital. Foram mensurados: comprimento no software Dolphin 3D ®: comprimento, maior área no corte coronal, maior área no corte sagital, área mínima da secção transversal e volume, de EANF, EAOR e EAFS (orofaringe e nasofaringe). Dois avaliadores previamente calibrados mensuraram duas vezes apenas um tempo das tomografias, para observar a reprodutibilidade (inter-examinador) e replicabilidade (intra-examinador). Sendo confirmada a reprodutibilidade do método, foi avaliado o efeito do aparelho Herbst, analisando os períodos pré (T1) e pós (T2) tratamento ortopédico. A análise estatística dos dados foi realizada em duas etapas. Primeira etapa, a confiabilidade das medidas apresentaram boa replicabilidade (intra-examinador)...
Changes in nasal breathing patterns profoundly affects the craniofacial growth. Technological advances, such as cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), have been used in order to observe three-dimensionally: the skull, face and pharyngeal airway space, with possible assessment of airspace changes induced by orthopedic activators. The purposes of this study are to present a method for assessing airway that is easily reproducted, and evaluate through the CBCT the effects of banded Herbst appliance in the oropharyngeal airspace (EAOF), nasopharyngeal (EANF) and upper pharynx (EAFS) in individuals with malocclusion class II division 1. The sample consisted of digital images of 15 individuals (initial age of 15.7 years ± 1.7, after pubertal growth spurt) with malocclusion class II division 1, treated with banded Herbst appliance (8 months). CBCT scans were performed before (T1) and after (T2) treatment. The initial phase was conducted with the guidance of planes: axial, coronal and sagittal. The following were measured: the largest area in the coronal and sagittal, minimum cross-sectional area and volume of EANF, and EAOR EAFS (oropharynx and nasopharynx) by length in Dolphin 3D® software. Two calibrated evaluator mesured twice time of CBCT to observe the reproducibility (inter-examiner) and repeatability (intra-examiner). Once the reproductability of the method was coinfirmed, the effect of the Herbst applicance was evaluated before (T1) and after (T2) the orthodontic treatment. The statistical analysis was performed in two steps. First step, the reliability of the measurements showed good repeatability (intra-examiner) (ICC ≥ 0.984) and good reproducibility (inter-examiner) (ICC ≥ 0.911) for all measures except the minimum area of cross section of all regions, which showed variability. Second step, once confirmed the reliability of the measuremens, Student t test was appleid, significance... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Palomino-Gómez, Sandra Patricia. "Tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico para avaliação do tratamento da classe II divisão 1ª com o aparelho Herbst no espaço aéreo faríngeo /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95781.
Full textBanca: Gladys Cristina Dominguez Rodriguez
Banca: Ary dos Santos-Pinto
Resumo: As mudanças nos padrões de respiração nasal afetam profundamente o crescimento craniofacial. Avanços tecnológicos, como a tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC), têm sido utilizados com o propósito de se observar tridimensionalmente, o crânio, a face e o espaço aéreo faríngeo, sendo possível a avaliação das mudanças do espaço aéreo induzidas pelos aparelhos ortopédicos propulsores mandibular. O intuito deste estudo é apresentar um método de avaliação das vias aéreas de fácil reprodutibilidade, e avaliar, mediante a TCFC, os efeitos do aparelho de Herbst bandado no espaço aéreo orofaríngeo (EAOF), nasofaríngeo (EANF) e faríngeo superior (EAFS), em indivíduos com má oclusão classe II divisão 1ª. A amostra foi composta por imagens digitais de 15 indivíduos (idade média inicial de 15,7 anos ± 1.7, após surto de crescimento pubertário) com má oclusão classe II divisão 1ª, tratados com aparelho Herbst bandado (8 meses). Os exames tomográficos foram realizados antes (T1) e após (T2) o tratamento. A fase inicial foi realizada com a orientação do nos planos; axial, coronal e sagital. Foram mensurados: comprimento no software Dolphin 3D ®: comprimento, maior área no corte coronal, maior área no corte sagital, área mínima da secção transversal e volume, de EANF, EAOR e EAFS (orofaringe e nasofaringe). Dois avaliadores previamente calibrados mensuraram duas vezes apenas um tempo das tomografias, para observar a reprodutibilidade (inter-examinador) e replicabilidade (intra-examinador). Sendo confirmada a reprodutibilidade do método, foi avaliado o efeito do aparelho Herbst, analisando os períodos pré (T1) e pós (T2) tratamento ortopédico. A análise estatística dos dados foi realizada em duas etapas. Primeira etapa, a confiabilidade das medidas apresentaram boa replicabilidade (intra-examinador)... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Changes in nasal breathing patterns profoundly affects the craniofacial growth. Technological advances, such as cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), have been used in order to observe three-dimensionally: the skull, face and pharyngeal airway space, with possible assessment of airspace changes induced by orthopedic activators. The purposes of this study are to present a method for assessing airway that is easily reproducted, and evaluate through the CBCT the effects of banded Herbst appliance in the oropharyngeal airspace (EAOF), nasopharyngeal (EANF) and upper pharynx (EAFS) in individuals with malocclusion class II division 1. The sample consisted of digital images of 15 individuals (initial age of 15.7 years ± 1.7, after pubertal growth spurt) with malocclusion class II division 1, treated with banded Herbst appliance (8 months). CBCT scans were performed before (T1) and after (T2) treatment. The initial phase was conducted with the guidance of planes: axial, coronal and sagittal. The following were measured: the largest area in the coronal and sagittal, minimum cross-sectional area and volume of EANF, and EAOR EAFS (oropharynx and nasopharynx) by length in Dolphin 3D® software. Two calibrated evaluator mesured twice time of CBCT to observe the reproducibility (inter-examiner) and repeatability (intra-examiner). Once the reproductability of the method was coinfirmed, the effect of the Herbst applicance was evaluated before (T1) and after (T2) the orthodontic treatment. The statistical analysis was performed in two steps. First step, the reliability of the measurements showed good repeatability (intra-examiner) (ICC ≥ 0.984) and good reproducibility (inter-examiner) (ICC ≥ 0.911) for all measures except the minimum area of cross section of all regions, which showed variability. Second step, once confirmed the reliability of the measuremens, Student t test was appleid, significance... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Borsato, Karina Tostes. "Alterações do espaço aéreo faríngeo em pacientes hiperdivergentes submetidos a osteotomias maxilomandibulares com diferentes amplitudes de rotação anti-horária do plano oclusal /." Araraquara, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/191837.
Full textResumo: A rotação anti-horária do plano oclusal (RAHPO), quando associada à cirurgia de avanço maxilomandibular (AMM), tem demonstrado resultados eficazes com melhoras volumétricas do espaço aéreo. Em média são reportadas RAHPO de 4 a 6 º, sendo que poucos estudos avaliaram os efeitos do AMM associado a amplas RAHPO (≥8) no espaço aéreo. Além disso, esse procedimento aumenta a carga mecânica na articulação temporomandibular (ATM), podendo ocasionar processos degenerativos condilares. Deste modo, é necessário avaliar se os possíveis riscos à saúde das ATMs, são justificados em razão de uma melhora adicional das dimensões do espaço aéreo. Portanto, o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar se as mudanças promovidas pelo AMM e amplas RAHPO promove aumentos adicionais significativos do espaço aéreo faríngeo quando comparadas com moderadas RAHPO (<8º). Para isso, foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo longitudinal, utilizando TCFC de 62 indivíduos submetidos a cirurgia de AMM e diferentes RAHPO em dois tempos distintos: T1-pré cirúrgico e T2-pós cirúrgico. A amostra foi dividida em 2 grupos: Grupo 1 – 32 pacientes submetidos a AMM com ampla RAHPO (média -10.75, DP 2.59) e Grupo 2 – 30 pacientes submetidos a AMM com moderadas RAHPO (média -3.86, DP 2.67). As alterações morfológicas das vias aéreas superiores total, retropalatal e retroglossal foram analisadas no Software Dolphin Imaging® a partir das medidas de volume, área, mínima área axial e medidas lineares lateral e anteroposterior. Como res... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Mestre
Rossi, Magali Andréia. "Avaliação de desempenho do protocolo MIPv6 utilizando a rede de telecomunicação aeronáutica (ATN)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3142/tde-19052009-114723/.
Full textCurrently the use of standard IPS (Internet Protocol Suite) in the ATN it comprehends the concepts of IP mobility, convergence in the air-to-ground communication and also ATN sub-nets in land. The ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) mentions the ATN/IPS, which is based on connections supported by TCP and UDP protocols in the transport layer and by IPv6 in the net layer. The ATN/IPS must be able to support the ATSC (Air Traffic Service Communication), the AAC (Aeronautical Administrative Communications), as well as the AOC (Aeronautical Operational Communications). In view of such a scenario, a study on the behavior of the MIPv6 protocol for mobility IP is approached, analyzing the capacity of router of the aircraft so as to complement the navigation service more accurately, introducing the concept of mobility to the flexibility capacity and scalability for the aircraft and the systems in land. In order to attain this goal, first an analysis in the VHF channel is carried out in order to gauge the possible interferences that may occur in communications between the aircraft and the Air Traffic Control. After that, the environment is implemented where the behavior tests of the MIPv6 protocol are simulated.
Santos, Rodrigo Prado dos. "Aplicação de algoritmos de cobertura ao problema de localização de esquadrões de aeronaves de interceptação na Região Amazônica." Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 2006. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=343.
Full textMaschtakow, Patrícia Superbi Lemos [UNESP]. "Avaliação por meio da tomografia computadorizada de feixes cônicos e radiografia cefalométrica lateral do espaço aéreo faríngeo em indivíduos submetidos à cirurgia ortognática." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105857.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O propósito neste estudo foi avaliar e comparar alterações no espaço aéreo faríngeo em indivíduos submetidos à cirurgia ortognática bimaxilar para correção de deformidades dentoesqueléticas por meio da tomografia computadorizada cone beam (TCCB) e radiografia cefalométrica lateral. Foram utilizados exames pré e pós-operatórios de 28 indivíduos submetidos à cirurgia de avanço maxilar e recuo mandibular. Nos exames de TCCB foram realizadas medidas lineares nos cortes sagitais e axiais e mensuração do volume por meio dos programas XoranCat® e VistaDent 3D Pro 2.1®. Nas radiografias cefalométricas, foi utilizado o programa Radicef Studio 2.0® para realização de medidas lineares na nasofaringe, orofaringe e hipofaringe. Por meio do teste de correlação de Spearman, observou-se moderada correlação entre os exames em duas e três dimensões apenas na região retrolingual. Foi utilizado o teste de Wilcoxon para comparar medidas pré e pós-operatórias, sendo verificado aumento de volume não signicativo na nasofaringe e orofaringe e diminuído na hipofaringe. Ocorreram posteriorização e inferiorização do osso hioide após a cirurgia. Concluímos que parâmetros avaliados em radiografias cefalométricas laterais de forma isolada são insuficientes para expressar mensurações dimensionais do espaço aéreo superior, sendo necessária associação de medidas lineares nos diversos planos além do volume
The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare changes in pharyngeal airway space in patients who underwent bimaxillary orthognathic surgery to correct dentoskeletal deformities by cone beam computed tomography (TCCB) and lateral cephalometric radiography. Preoperative and postoperative images of 28 patients undergoing surgery for maxillary advancement and mandibular setback were used. In TCCB images linear measurements were performed on sagittal and axial slices and measurement of the volume through the programs XoranCat® and VistaDent 3D Pro 2.1®. In cephalometric radiographs Radicef Studio 2.0® program to perform linear measurements in the naso, oro and hypopharynx was used. There was moderate correlation between the tests in two and three dimensions. Increased volume of the upper airways after orthognathic surgery. Downward and posterior displacement of the hyoid bone was seen postoperatively. We conclude that upper airway cannot be accurately expressed by single linear measurements as performed on cephalograms