Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Espaces naturels – Protection – Gabon'
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Rabenkogo, Nicaise. "Le littoral du Nkomi (Gabon) : contribution géographique à la conservation des milieux naturels." Montpellier 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON30022.
Full textNatural spaces of Nkomi littoral in the South-West of Gabon are good conserved for most of them. The elevation of ocean level caused by climate crisis, petroleum and forest exploitation constitute many risks of coasting erosion, forest recession, stretching of flooded zones, poverty aggravation and so on. New rules of appointment of this country would allow a best local and regional development and the best protection of natural spaces. In this context, the study proposes to identify littoral off-shore bar and Nkomi deltas like natural reserves and to give up the gestion of those new protected areas to country people for villager’s tourism promotion
Granier, Jean-Paul. "Aménagement et protection des espaces naturels : le littoral et la montagne." Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100042.
Full textRousso, Anny. "La Protection des espaces naturels du littoral Languedoc-Roussillon." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376008802.
Full textRousso, Anny. "La protection des espaces naturels du littoral Languedoc-Roussillon." Montpellier 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON10027.
Full textThe "vocation for tourism" of the languedoc-roussillon coastal area, has been put into practise by means of space parcelling out, which foresaw staggered metropolitan and natural areas. The excessive urbanization process, however, not only did result in the spoiling of the natural sites, but also, in their growing scarcity. Then, the administrative authorities objectives aimed at implementing specific policy to protect these areas. The means used to enforce this policy, however in large number proved barely efficient. The space planning through "zoning" would restrict or even prohibite any urban growth. While the natural sites protection does not come down to a prohibition system only. Acquiring the geopardized areas may have appeared as a solution, but buying out and withdrowing a peace of land from urbanization is not enough to protect it permanently. It also needs managing. Only would management permanently ensure the protection of natural space
Ndoulou, Loubamono Evelyne Solange. "Risques naturels d'inondation et problèmes d'environnement au Gabon." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010507.
Full textFernandez, Fernandez Edgar Alberto. "Protection des espaces naturels et propriété privée au Costa Rica." Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT4004.
Full textNatural areas protection law has developed strongly in Costa Rica since the end of the nineteen sixties as a reaction to massive deforestation. These protection imperatives have justified multiplying the amount of mechanisms imposed by the State. But some regulatory mechanisms clashed with a liberal conception of private property. Thus, both because of the concern for the respect of private property and in order to facilitate the enfoncement of statutes, public law resorted to voluntary measures based on the agreement of landowners. Moreover, private law instruments are also used with these goals in mind. This thesis analyses the different types of measures used for the protection of natural areas and affecting private property rights. It brings out the numerous contradictions extant in national legislatio as well as the différent jurisprudential, doctrinal and administrative interpretations
Moussavou, Chiberth Aulaire. "Les aires protégées et le développement durable au Gabon : entre sollicitations internationales et réalités locales. Le cas du parc national de Loango." Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT5014/document.
Full textSince nature conservation has become an issue of global concern, efforts have been made to encourage the creation of protected areas since the Rio Earth Summit in 1992, especially in forest basins countries. After Rio, sustainable development has become crucial. In order to make its contribution to this international cause and at the same time diversify its economy, Gabon, country of the Congo Basin forest, created thirteen national parks in 2002. Altogether, the 13 protected sites represent 11 % of the national territory classified for the conservation of Gabon's rich biodiversity. Our study is based on the analysis of this challenge, more precisely in the Loango National Park and in a country whose economic development is fully dependant on its natural resources. It deals with the application of the participative management between the different actors concerned who have different perceptions of natural resources. It examines the social, economic and cultural impact of something which is managed according to international standards and with very little consideration for local realities. We also underline the difficulty Gabon faces in choosing between its national economic development and conservation. This difficulty is often caused by international demands. The study also raises the question of social acceptability expressed by conflicts between actors
KIM, HYEONG SEO. "La place des parcs naturels dans l'aménagement des espaces montagnards sud-coréens." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10155.
Full textThe economic expansion of the last years in the country is a very important element that launched the development of leisure activities and allowed the population's mentality to change. These new tourists actually visit the natural mountain areas, especially the natural parks, created by the government, but in a total anarchy. The recent touristic planning brings about many social and economical problems, among which : - conflits between the local population and the people in charge of the planning - a deterioration of the landscape and the environment - an important unbalance between the touristic demand and offer. The major stake is now to look for concrete and effective measures in order to support, to reinforce and to balance the three purposes of a natural park, meaning : - the protection of nature - the economic development for the local population - the opportunity of a natural leisure space for the urban population
Pujol, Morgan. "Espaces naturels et baléarisation : approche et enjeux de la protection de l'environnement aux Îles Baléares." Montpellier 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON30071.
Full textMichelot, Jean-Louis. "Les espaces naturels de la vallée du Rhône : éléments pour une politique de gestion intégrée." Lyon 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO31009.
Full textThis study speaks about "natural spaces", defined as sectors where spontaneous is determining in landscape structure; geographic limits are flood plain of the rhone river, from switzerland border to arles. The subject of study consists to understanding reasoning of distributing, evolution and using by man of the different types of spaces, for a best protection of the landscapes. First part of work consisted to suggest natural spaces "models". We described 3 "sub-models" : rural model. That's the base of the valley organisation. Distribution of the spaces is explained by geomorphology; evolution is especially explained by technic and demographic changes. Hydroelectricity planning of "compagnie nationale du rhone" reorganized space of valley, which is divided in "fonctional set" (planning), themself divided in unity: reservoir, by-pass section. . . Usual natural spaces are partly conserved, but they are everywhere subjected to affects of works. Some new type of spaces are coming on dike and reservoirs. Urban growth of valley led to continous development of suburban zones; urban actors are changing usual natural spaces management; some new landscapes are appearing. .
Zalewski, Sally. "L'impact des politiques de conservation sur les populations rurales de l'Afrique de l'Ouest : mise au point d'une méthode d'évaluation." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112051.
Full textDoze, Élodie. "L'appréhension juridique du risque inhérent aux espaces naturels littoraux." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM1024/document.
Full textIn a context of risks socialization, the owners and the administrators of natural spaces are confronted to a paradox bringing into conflict the increasing demand of security in natural sites, and the necessity to assure the preservation of those same sites. Coastal zone are particularly faced with this problem : in fact, this kind of territories are characterized by some remarkable natural spaces and landscapes, which are both crowed by tourists and outdoor sports enthusiasts, and landlocked by the urbanization. Today, the wilderness management of natural spaces generates risks and responsibilities which become muddled between the littoral actors. Coastal zones are also exposed to erosion and marine submersion, which illustrate the paradoxical situation of the wish to live in exceptional spaces without undergoing the natural dynamics of the coastal line. In front of the weakness of defense strategies, the idea of an acceptance of the natural movement of the coast line by anticipation or spatial reorganization of territories to protect the persons threatened by erosion or submersion, gained ground in the last thirty years. These news adaptation strategies lead up to reconsider the coastal zones management, but also the hinterland spatial planning. Thus, if the actors of the natural spaces management face with the compensation claims of natural risks victims today, they will collide with requests of protection or relocation of the people threatened by the coastal risks tomorrow. How to answer to these stakes and constraints ? This thesis supports the postulate that the key lies in a better legal apprehension of the notion of risks inherent in natural spaces
Privat, Christophe Édouard. "La chasse et la protection des espaces naturels : éléments pour une évolution juridique des rapports chasse-nature." Bordeaux 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR40012.
Full textLanot, Jean-Michel. "La naturbanisation, concept et processus d'aménagement : gérer la fréquentation touristique des espaces naturels protégés." Pau, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PAUU1003.
Full textNaturbanization is a new word which is close to oxymoron. Yet the town and country plannings flourishing on the edge of protected territories seem to show that the two words are not so contradictory. That is why we will set out to prove that town and country plannings, relating back to specific social practices and representations and to some extend an idea of nature, are developping around natural areas
Cadiou, Pierre Yves. "Le droit de l'urbanisme et les zonages écologiques- Contribution à l'étude de l'intégration de la protection des espaces naturels -." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00362420.
Full textL'intégration de cette protection par le zonage en droit de l'urbanisme est double car ce droit est à l'origine de la création d'un nombre important de zonages écologiques, mais intègre aussi de tels zonages provenant d'autres branches du droit.
La mise en place de zonages écologiques par le droit de l'urbanisme révèle une particularité. En effet, malgré l'affirmation du principe de décentralisation en droit de l'urbanisme, cette compétence particulière n'échoit que partiellement aux collectivités territoriales. De plus, cette décentralisation, lorsqu'elle existe, peut être qualifiée d'imparfaite puisque plusieurs obstacles subsistent dans son application.
Malgré l'existence du principe d'indépendance des législations, le droit de l'urbanisme intègre de nombreux zonages écologiques issus d'autres codes dans sa propre hiérarchie des normes par la mise en place de liens juridiques principalement basés sur l'obligation protéiforme de compatibilité qui varie selon le degré de complétude et de précision de la norme supérieure.
Tabouelle, Jérôme. "Le patrimoine géologique normand : nature, protection, promotion." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MNHN0021.
Full textThe occupation of the Norman province since Prehistory carved its landscapes, thus adding the human print to that of the purely geological history. Such a cultural conception of the common geological inheritance should probably thus be able to raise awareness of the importance of a common good between the Norman population and its land, and make it possible for future generations to better understand, to better apprehend and better manage the natural balance. A reflexion on the management of this regional inheritance puts the emphasis on the public as the principal search engine. This reflexion must thus make it possible to emphasize the place of the geological inheritance in human activity, as much in the cultural plan as in the economic plan
Joveniaux, Aurélie. "Les enjeux géopolitiques de l'action du Conservatoire du littoral : la politique de protection des espaces naturels littoraux français : réalités et perspectives." Thesis, Paris 8, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA080076.
Full textSince 1975, the « Conservatoire du littoral » (Coastal Conservation Authority) has been tasked with leading land acquisition policy to preserve and valorize French natural coastlines through cooperation and in partnership with local communities. This state agency has been able to transform an apparent weakness (the inability to act on its own) into strength. Through the analysis of the elaboration of its new intervention strategy for 2015-2050 and six case studies, this dissertation studies the direction taken by this institution over forty years and its perspectives for further actions. The Conservatoire du littoral is an increasingly influential player in the dynamics of coastal territory planning. This work particularly highlights how the institution has become the mainstay in a multi-actor strategy to preserve natural coastal spaces and sustainably manage coastlines. Though in many ways stronger than before, the Conservatoire du littoral is nevertheless facing several issues to which it has to adapt. Its legitimacy rests in its ability to ensure the preservation and the promotion of a growing patrimony in a context of budgetary constraints shared with site managers. In order to pursue its missions and face the contemporary challenges of integrated management of coastal areas and adaptation to climate change, the institution has to develop a « good » territorial multi-scale approach for its actions
Ambert, Martine. "Contribution à la connaissance du patrimoine naturel languedocien : enjeux, concepts et applications." Lyon 2, 2004. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2004/giubergia_m.
Full textThe main purpose of this thesis is to point out that geomorphology plays an essential part in matters of heritage which have become issues very much to the forefront of modern society's preoccupations. These issues have been fostered by a number of university-led experiments which mutually complete each other. The choice of region for the study was evident by reason of its scenic diversity and its laboratorial aspect. The process was initially sparked off by social demand. Further to the institutional approach, came a spontaneous social demand by users, which as been examined in depth by direct contact with the public in events involving the landscape and heritage of highly notable geomorphological sites (Cirque de Navacelles and Causse de l'Hortus). The major factor in this widespread demand is its latent nature. This cultural need established, the second part deals more widely with what is offered to meet it. Significant negative and positive experiences are examined to determine what are the new issues relating to society and discipline. The conclusion reached is the existence of a geomorphological knowledge heritage which give us a better understanding of the environment and helps us construct the identity of the sites and hence the appropriation of these lands by humans. The work ends with an attempt at theory construction. This starts with a defence of the role played by geomorphology in the approach to landscape, from a point of view complementing that of geologists. Then the stages of the research process are summarised from the position of the "lookout" to that of the broadcaster of knowledge
Bonnefond, Mathieu. "Les modes de régulation des usages des espaces naturels en France et au Mexique : analyse des cas de la Brenne et du bassin du Tepalcatepec." Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00465895.
Full textLanord, Magali. "La Conservation des habitats naturels et de la faune sauvage : le droit communautaire et sa mise en oeuvre en France." Clermont 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF10251.
Full textBiodiversity is undergoing a period of regression as illustrated by the deterioration of natural sites and the disappearance of many animal species. Despite the boom in community laws ont the environment, agricultural and forestry policies have long played a role in this degradation
Zaïane, Selma. "Tourisme et loisirs dans les parcs nationaux tunisiens : L'exemple du parc national de l'Ichkeul." Aix-Marseille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX10093.
Full textPousset, Fabien. "La maîtrise foncière à finalité écologique : vers un outil adapté des politiques de protection de la nature." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR1804/document.
Full textNature conservation policies relies traditionally upon the protection of “natural areas” that appear in France in the early 20th century. These protected areas can be classified into three main categories according to the measures implemented: regulation, incentive measure and property control one. This latter measure is defined as a formal process of purchase of lands, in order to create protected areas, by public authorities and also by private actors who carry out a public service mission. If this "exorbitant" measure emerged in the 1960s in line with the predominant "preservationist" approach of nature protection, it is still in use today. Thus, we question its adaptability first of all to the current policy implementation conditions based upon mediation and negotiation processes and secondly to new objectives of nature conservation which take into account the concept of “natural dynamics” for planning activities. We have conducted an analysis of the processes of implementation in two cases of study, focusing on the perceptions and representations of all actors involved in these implementation processes of this instrument. This analysis has enabled us to emphasize the plurality of, firstly, these processes of implementation and, secondly, its assigned purposes. Thus, we demonstrate the plasticity of this instrument at the interface between regulatory and incentive tools that fits with the various types of expected effects of its implementation: to control users’ behaviours of natural areas, to reach a trade-off between environmental interests and economic and social interests of natural areas, and, finally, to coordinate public intervention. Therefore, this instrument constitutes rather a multifunctional tool, adaptable to local contexts. Facing the continual renewal of nature conservation policies implementation conditions and objectives, we conclude that the plasticity of the tool, as perceived and effective, provides a guarantee of adaptability and potentially efficient protection of biodiversity
Nicolle, Sandra. "Les espaces naturels protégés en forêt amazonienne. des doctrines de gestion aux dispositifs : quelle efficacité pour la protection de l’environnement ? : étude comparative France (Guyane) / Brésil (Amapa)." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AGUY0744/document.
Full textNowadays, natural protected areas are one of the main public policies implemented at the international level in order to prevent the destruction of ecosystems. During the last decades, they became very numerous, and mobilized more and more diversified modes of action. However, natural ecosystems continue to deteriorate, and the effectiveness of protected areas is often questioned. The aim of this thesis was to analyse the factors influencing the effectiveness of protected areas in a context of Amazonian ecosystems that are still well preserved. We observed the implementation of environmental management arrangement (protected areas) that are based on various doctrines: (i) the strong limitation of all harmful human activities through legislation; (ii) the management of resources by local or traditional populations; and (iii) the implementation of sustainable forest management on public lands. We adopted a comparative approach between Guyana (France) and Amapá (Brazil), territories that share a common border, mainly identifiable by the Oyapock River. These two territories present quite similar ecological and geographical conditions, and both have an exceptional coverage of protected areas. Therefore this international comparison allowed us to observe the influence of the historical and socio-political context on the implementation of protected areas. We used a constructivist approach, mainly based on qualitative data (semi-structured interviews, document analysis, participant observation...). We effected a critical deconstruction of "protected areas" management arrangements in order to make their environmental objectives intelligible, and we analysed the environmental effectiveness of the strategies implemented. This analysis was based on a diachronic and multiscalar lecture of management processes. We show that the establishment of protected areas in Guiana and Amapá was led by coalitions of actors structured around management doctrines, i.e. shared conceptions of "good environmental management". Management arrangements created inherited the strategic resources of action and the legitimacy of these coalitions. In Amapá, coalitions were strongly articulated with wider social and environmental movements of the Brazilian Amazon, especially in the case of socio-environmental claims rising at the end of the dictatorship. In French Guiana, the natural protected areas are mainly the result of compromise between the French willingness to serve as an example in the Amazon region, and the minimisation of conflicts with local politicians
Lago, Marques Manuelle. "L’« expérience publique de l’environnement » : une analyse des expérimentations au sein de deux espaces naturels protégés habités, en France et au Brésil." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100163.
Full textThis thesis has a double purpose. First, it seeks to identify how the experiences of environmental protection can be developed within inhabited protected natural areas (ENPH). Then, it examines how the “Environment” can organize and integrate the social and political dynamics of the territories touched by approaches of conservation based on “ordinary” nature. To this end, we conducted a series of interviews, observation visits, archival research and a broad press review. By appealing to a cross history of local relationships with the natural and political environment and their mobilization in dealing with contemporary affairs involving protection policies – namely: the construction of roads – we have searched the benchmarks of how the contexts of meaning could be built within and through the Marais poitevin Regional Natural Park (France) and the Guaraqueçaba Environmental Protected Area (Brésil). Through our research, we show the importance of problematic situations – whether or not they result from nature conservation approaches – in the emergence of “public experiences of the Environment”, which is understood by us as any experience derived from the incorporation of the environmental issues into different fields of interaction. Whether these experiences are generated by public actions or arenas, whether they stem from the feeling of “troubles” or from a procedure of “inquiry”, they become public to the extent that (i) they make of “nature” an object of attention, action or debate and (ii) they involve the relationship of different “publics” to their “environments”. Incorporating international, national and local issues, “Environmental” experiences become public and private throughout the social experiments, and the processes of destabilization and reformulation of these protected areas
Esta tese tem um duplo propósito. Primeiramente, ela busca identificar como as experiências de proteção do Meio Ambiente podem se desenvolver em Unidades de Conservação (UC) habitadas. Em seguida, ela procura examinar, no contexto de iniciativas de conservação de naturezas “ordinárias”, de que maneira o “Meio Ambiente” pode organizar e integrar as dinâmicas sociais e políticas de determinados territórios. Para tanto, efetuamos uma série de entrevistas, de estadias de observação, de pesquisa de arquivos e uma extensa revisão de documentos de imprensa. Recorrendo a uma história cruzada entre as relações locais ao meio natural e ao meio político, assim como a uma identificação da mobilização de tais relações quando do tratamento de problemas contemporâneos colocando em questão as políticas de proteção – a saber, a construção de estradas –, pudemos identificar como o Parque Natural Regional do Marais poitevin (França) e a Área de Proteção Ambiental de Guaraqueçaba (Brasil) orientaram a formação de sentido ambiental através de sua existência e de sua ação. Através nossa pesquisa, mostramos a importância da confrontação a situações “problemáticas” – que elas decorram ou não de atividades de conservação da natureza – para a emergência de “experiências públicas do meio ambiente”, compreendidas por nós como toda experiência derivada da incorporação da questão ambiental em diferentes campos de interação. Que estas experiências sejam geradas por ações ou arenas públicas, que elas resultem de “distúrbios” ou de um procedimento de “enquete”, elas tornam-se públicas na medida em que (i) elas fazem da “natureza” um objeto de atenção, de ação e de debate e (ii) elas envolvem a relação de diferentes “públicos” a seus “ambientes”. Incorporando questões ao mesmo tempo internacionais, nacionais e locais, as experiências do “Meio Ambiente” tornam-se assim públicas e privadas ao longo das experimentações sociais, assim como das desestabilizações e das reformulações de tais espaços
Bingono-Meba, Emmanuel-Nances. "Protection et valorisation économique de trois milieux fluvio-marins du centre du golfe de Guinée (estuaires du Gabon, du río Muni et baie de la Mondah) : biodiversité et développement durable." Montpellier 3, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011271v2.
Full textThe equatorial fringe of the gulf of Guinea represents an enormous floristic, fauna, and ecosystem wealth. Quite opposite to those of west Africa and Asia, they are enough well preserved, because of the weak human occupation. However, with the increase of the urban population, we can see a certain erosion of this biodiversity. While the first actions of these forests conservation and their fauna began about a century ago, important projects of conservation are being done for ten years and that the idea of an economic value for a lasting exploitation is starting to interest all the actors (explorers, conservators, local communities, political decision makers), new partnership actions proposed during the summit of sustainable development in Johannesburg in 2002 should be soon concretized. The protected areas, tools of conservation of the biodiversity are shown in Gabon and in Equatorial Guinea as well. Their openness to the ecotourism, on this coastal zone of the Corisco bay is the object of this study
Benzada, Jouira Karima. "Base de données et cartographie juridiques, deux outils d'aide à la décision pour une gestion intégrée des espaces naturels : une proposition de modélisation du droit." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAA015/document.
Full textLike other disciplines, particularly those related to computing, the development of high technologies and the emergence of new technics allowed the development of a certain knowledge and understanding concerning law. This research focuses on law related to natural areas. It aims at providing, through the use of information systems, a decision support to legal problems posed by the diversity of instruments used to protect natural areas, and the diversity of actors involved in such a protection. This research proposes the development of a collaborative methodology and the experiment of two analytical tools aiming at facilitating the decision making process in the protection of natural areas, namely a legal database Jurisbase, and legal mapping Juriscarto
Poli, Ange-Michel. "Gestion, gouvernance et évaluation au sein des aires marines protégées : application multicritère de surclassement à la réserve naturelle des Bouches de Bonifacio." Corte, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CORT0013.
Full textMarine protected areas (MPA) are relevant research objects to study territorial dynamics and sustainable development. These spaces can also be application laboratories for implementation of evaluation multicriteria methodologies, to appraise, in the time, management efficiency and environmental governance. So, we present theory and concepts of management, governance, sustainable development, evaluative approaches such economic analyses of projects, direct or indirect monetary techniques, outranking. Then, the marine natural Park of lroise's sea and natural reserve of Bonifacio will be taken as case studies, through their patrimonial value, socio-economic activities, public policies of management, their impacts on natural environment, environmental risks, modes of governance and other evaluation exercises. Finally, we propose a critical analysis of marine management's evaluation in Port-Cros, and present a singular ex-post evaluation of annual fishing situations in natural reserve of Bonifacio adopted by its scientific council and aiding to evaluate the first management planning. We realized an appropriate outranking modelling, providing a more realistic vision of effectiveness than indicators without thresholds (indifference, preference and veto), and lighting monitoring
Raymond, Richard. "La nature à la campagne : identification sociale et argument pour la gestion d'un territoire rural partagé : l'exemple du Vexin français." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010513.
Full textRutaremara, Titus. "Le rôle des parcs naturels régionaux dans l'aménagement du territoire en France." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CLF20004.
Full textThe "d. A. T. A. R. " is the initiator and very often the creator of most of the french regional natural parks. These ones gother together mostly depreciated country (rural) areas, in which however, are found picturesque landscape and countryside. The use of the natural park institution is to plan and carry out a suitable development in these country (rural) territories, which, indeed, have got an ecological
Iogna-Prat, Paul. "Le patrimoine culturel entre le national et le local : chances et limites de la décentralisation." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00435144.
Full textRees, catalan Andrés. "Privatiser la nature : espaces protégés, partenariats public-privé et contrôle territorial au Chili. Le cas du Parc national Alerce Costero et de la Réserve Côtière Valdivienne." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE3006/document.
Full textPrivate nature conservation is a growing phenomenon against the background of the opening up of environmental policies to globalized economy. Chile is one of the first countries to have implemented neoliberal principles at State level; it has privatized many areas of its economy, including access to natural resources. As a result, those resources have been largely exploited by private capital, with the greatest freedoms guaranteed by the State. Even within nature conservation – which has long remained under the sole responsibility of the Chilean state – we can see from 1990 onwards, and the takeover of the first post-Pinochet democratic government, the increasing emergence of private actors of nature protection, including national and international environmental NGOs. These NGOs have strongly promoted and used free-market tools (land acquisitions, scientific expertise, public-private partnerships, carbon markets) with the aim of natural resources conservation. More recently, they also started to take part in local development policies.This research aims at demonstrating, through the example of the joint work carried out by the administrators of two protected areas - a public one and a private one - the way an international conservation NGO exerts its action in a country like Chile. Therefore, the main issues of this research are not only nature conservation, natural resources preservation and local development, but the interference with rural stakeholders and the power apparatuses that are deployed to gain territorial control at local level
La protección privada de la naturaleza es un fenómeno que ha tenido gran éxito durante las últimas décadas en el contexto de la apertura creciente de las políticas medioambientales a la economía globalizada. Chile forma parte de los primeros países en haber aplicado los principios neoliberales a nivel de Estado; privatizó muchas áreas de la economía, dentro de las cuales el acceso a los recursos naturales. Por este motivo, los recursos naturales fueron intensamente explotados por capitales privados que beneficiaron, además, de grandes libertades garantizadas por el Estado. A pesar de que la protección de la naturaleza estuvo durante mucho tiempo bajo la sola responsabilidad del Estado chileno, a partir del año 1990 y la llegada al poder del primer gobierno democrático post-Pinochet, se observa un aumento creciente de los actores privados de la protección de la naturaleza, dentro de los cuales ONG medioambientalistas nacionales e internacionales. Estas ONG han promocionado y utilizado las herramientas de libre mercado (adquisición de tierras, conocimiento científico, cooperación público-privada, mercados de carbono) con el objetivo de conservar los recursos naturales. De manera más reciente, intervienen incluso en las políticas de desarrollo local.Esta investigación busca demostrar, mediante el ejemplo del trabajo conjunto llevado a cabo por los administradores de dos áreas protegidas – un pública, la otra privada – la manera como una ONG internacional de conservación ejerce su acción en un país como Chile. No se trata únicamente de desafíos de protección de la naturaleza, de conservación de los recursos naturales y de desarrollo local, sino que también de los métodos de intervención con los actores rurales y de los dispositivos de poder utilizados con un objetivo de control territorial
Becerra, Sylvia. "Protéger la nature : politiques publiques et régulations locales en Espagne et en France." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00133021.
Full textDelclaux, Julie. "Gestion du paysage en faveur du réseau écologique. : Modes de gouvernance, représentations et pratiques dans les espaces agricoles." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE2036.
Full textBiodiversity conservation no longer only concerns protected areas. It is also a matter of ecological network. Ecological corridors between habitats participate in the circulation of animal and plant populations. This new perspective extends the scope of conservation to ordinary nature and areas where ecological processes and human activities are strongly intertwined, such as agricultural areas. This study focuses on the implementation of integrated biodiversity conservation in agricultural areas through landscape management for ecological network. We study the modes of governance, representations and practices on several scales, mixing qualitative and quantitative analyses. At the national and regional scales, changes in social representations of the relationship between agriculture and biodiversity are examined with a content analysis of French media. At the regional and local scale, we compare, in three case studies, the modes of governance of a contractual tool of the French ecological network policy: the Green and Blue infrastructure ("Trame verte et bleue"). For this purpose, we use semi-structured interviews and participant observations. At farm scale, we identify with semi-structured interviews, the ways in which biodiversity can be included as a factor in decision–making practices, and we investigate the farmers’ representations of biodiversity and landscape elements. We show the importance of taking into account the diversity of conceptions and representations of landscape by farmers and all stakeholders for successful integrated biodiversity conservation. In the design and implementation of ecological network policies, the predominant conception of landscape is ecological and therefore has difficulty in including the agricultural issues and farmers’ views. Finally, we discuss the theoretical, methodological and practical implications of our results in conservation geography
Le, Fur Yann. "La patrimonialisation des grands sites : évolution des doctrines et transformation des espaces : exemple des promontoires littoraux emblématiques bretons." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00869354.
Full textAngelibert, Sandrine. "Etude des mares du Parc naturel régional des Causses du Quercy : fonctionnement, biodiversité et connectivité inter-mares, propositions pour l' entretien et la sauvegarde." Toulouse 3, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00259814.
Full textThe retro-arc foreland basin of the Central Andes is considered as a type-example of a foreland basin system (Horton & DeCelles, 1997). Three regions have been studied : the North Amazonian basin (3-8ʿS), the South Amazonian basin (11-12ʿS) and the south-eastern Bolivian basin (19-20ʿS). The foreland basin system of the Central Andes constitutes a favoured area where studies of the deformation and sedimentary fill can be coupled. This study enabled us to arrive at a clearer understanding of the longitudinal and latitudinal structural/sedimentary evolutions and of the tectono-sedimentary dynamics of the basin and adjacent orogen, and to a sequential restoration of the basins at key-periods in the evolution of the range from the Eocene to present-day. During the early and middle Eocene, the Western Cordillera of northern Peru between 3 and 8ʿS experienced large uplift and erosion. This event is interpreted as a stage of tectonic quiescence and erosional unloading. To the south of 11ʿS, no such event is recorded in the sedimentary fill and the sedimentary arrangement indicates the development of a flexural basin related to orogenic loading. Because the North Amazonian foreland basin system is situated at the junction between the Central Andes and the Northern Andes, this change in the geodynamic process can be ascribed to the interference with the Northern Andes. .
Rabieb, Prangtip. "Les droits et libertés face à la durabilité des ressources naturelles épuisables : recherche comparative des droits thaïlandais et français." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01D027/document.
Full textThis thesis highlights the significant role of the fundamental rights in the efficiency of the law that governs the preservation of natural resources. It will be organised around two axes: the first part will discuss the rivalry between rights and liberties and the objective of maintaining the durability of natural resources. The second part explores the guarantee of rights in determining an effective power sharing mechanism over these resources. The first part places an emphasis on the foundations of human rights, the primacy of the human person, also on the limiting function of the action of the sovereign power. In Thai law, the requirement of compliance with property law, freedom of enterprise and the right to subsistence form a significant obstacle in the regulation of this field. This comparative analysis unfolds instruments in French law that limit more powerfully the exercise of these rights and could inspire new developments in Thai law. The second part of this thesis argues that the guarantee of environmental rights marks the dawn of a partial transfer of power on natural resources from a State to its citizens, and makes citizens protectors of nature alongside the State. Apart from participatory rights and their accessories, the Thai constitution also guarantees to its citizens and local communities a right to conserve and exploit natural resources. This right renders citizens as the representatives of the environment. Its second component, the right to exploitation, inspires the principle of the equitable sharing of the nation's natural resources, put forward in the final chapter
Nicolas-Artero, Chloé. "Appropriation de l’eau et production de l’espace. La dimension spatiale du droit de l’eau dans la vallée d’Elqui (Chili)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA030033.
Full textThis dissertation aims at grasping the links between water appropriation and production of space through the spatial dimension of water law. It is based on a case study of the Elqui Valley, located in a semi-arid region of northern Chile. The relationship between law and space has been analyzed examining the geolegal strategies deployed by the actors and their effects on the development of mining, agricultural and real estate activities. For this purpose, this dissertation proposes the concept of fluvial geolegal system to study the power relations that are tied around the elaboration of the rules of sharing, distribution and administration of water, in a multi-scale and diachronic perspective. The thesis identifies a number of water appropriation modalities that have participated in the expansion of extractive sectors since the second half of the twentieth century. The geolegal devices used in this process produce the artificialisation of the watershed. However, the latter is not overarching since some water margins show irrigation practices and other water concepts associated with the existence of a plural economy. The fate of these margins remains unclear, because they are subjected of to water appropriation practices which are the cause of water shortages. Organizations of water users and especially Supervisory Boards play a key role in the artificialization of these margins or in their protection. The access to new knowledge and the reconfiguration of the relation with local water knowledge explain the different positions of the two Supervisory Boards under scrutiny, whose decisions contribute to the space production
Farau, Sébastien. "Les savoirs écologiques des chasseurs de gibier d'eau girondins : étude de leur validité pour une gestion de l'avifaune des zones humides." Thesis, Pau, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PAUU3004/document.
Full textThe wildlife management outside the protected natural area asks the question of knowledge of the environments it attends and the evolution of their capacity. Achieve to a detailed description of the qualitative and quantitative distribution of species, with the only professionals as data collectors trained for these purposes, seems Utopian. The immensity of spaces of trivial campaign combined with the mobility of species involved a regular presence and a fairly common statement for presence indices when monitoring is necessary. While some researchers and managers are now more reluctant to use the participatory ecology as a way of collecting these data, this method can sometimes suffer from a lack of volunteers. A lack of information can exist on some parts that it would inquire. In this context, consider seeking those who shape these natural environments, staying long and using this nature seems a plausible alternative to acquire information and knowledge necessary to wildlife management. But the quality of these collectors is to ask to measure wealth and reliability, and thus the opportunities or not to engage in follow-ups or management process. To conduct this research, an object and a field of appropriate study were required. The choice fell on local knowledge of waterfowl hunters of the Gironde wetlands. The practice of hunting at night was particularly targeted, these enthusiasts have books on which they sometimes long record observations of birds, and the activity itself imposing to stand in a fixed position. Beyond their observations, potentially significant local knowledge could therefore be accumulated. In both cases, access to these items is complex and requires to create a relationship of trust that we have gained through the exchange of information. It was thus possible to continue our research by focusing on the aspect of "observations" through books, and then to the aspect of "knowledge" by conducting interviews with these locals hunters. Our work first examines the nature of the information necessary for the management of different species of wildlife and variability wherewithal that are used to collect. The mobilization of knowledge sometimes belonging to rural then raises questions about their scientific relevance. It appears that these may contribute to better management of wildlife. Thus, we show how various hunting practices mobilize knowledge that appear to contribute to the management of wildlife. The characteristics of the night hunting waterfowl make it more conducive to the collection of observations and original knowledge, some of which could contribute to the management of migratory birds. Wetlands Gironde appear as an appropriate field study. Then, we look in details what constitutes the practice of hunting game, and show that these practitioners are likely to collect original information on birds and wetlands. The reliability of information collected and therefore the quality of the observers may be heterogeneous according to the affinities of these practitioners, the best of them should be identified. The last part then attaches to detect, using their notebooks, hunters who among the mass of these individuals turn out to be reliable observers. In addition, the information they are likely to have accumulated combined knowledge. Through a series of interviews and evaluations, it is the nature and the richness of their knowledge that asks to identify the most expert and competent of them
Pérez, Michaël. "Aires naturelles protégées et droit de l'urbanisme." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO30009.
Full textThe concept of protected natural area, including national parks and nature reserves, encompasses a variety of legal regimes. Among them, the most classical ones originate from a combination of legal statuses and police regulations. These protections are rooted in both environmental and planning laws, which tend to overlap, making it harder to clearly identify the regimes and principles that inspired them in the first place, and to appreciate their legal significance.On the one hand, the present work aims at defining the legal regime applicable to each of these protected natural areas, by explaining its specific normative organisation; on the other hand, its goal is to identify the contribution of planning law to the protection of natural areas, through its rules and procedures. The legal framework of the protection of natural areas thus clarified, it faces a double set of challenges. The first ones lay in the prioritisation and the articulation of regulations and procedures that derive from diverse laws applicable to the space. It also implies to remove certain obstacles linked to the competition of police regulations. The second set of challenges emanates from an emerging global law of sustainable development that has been granted constitutional status by the Chart for the Environnement. This global law irriguates the whole regulations and is now binding on all public policies, including city planning.constitutional level through the Environmental Charter
Gudefin, Julia. "Le statut juridique de l'eau à l'épreuve des exigences environnementales." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO30068.
Full textAlong a simple stroll or through fine observations, you will always find water, wherever you go. However, the asset this resource represents for anthropogenic activities often hides its environmental reality, the one of its cycle. This is reflected in the legal definition of water which conceives it as property. This latter qualification assigns it to a judicial status which reveals the utilitarian function of the resource. Yet, the emergence of the environmental issues confronts water’s legal status to its tangible reality. Thus, the conflict between the law and water’s environmental demands makes way for protective regulations. Along with the hydrologic cycle’s legal representation, they both influence the evolution of water’s status. Consequently, the latter goes beyond property law traditional legal categories and arms itself with a protective purpose. Its rules and concepts are tied to the ecological function of water and to the environmental reality of the hydrologic cycle which shape yet another judicial condition for the water