Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Espèces forestières'
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Coudun, Christophe. "Approche quantitative de la réponse écologique des espèces végétales forestières à l'échelle de la France." Phd thesis, ENGREF (AgroParisTech), 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011330.
Full textLes données utilisées sont celles d'EcoPlant, développée à l'Ecole Nationale du Génie Rural des Eaux et des Forêts (ENGREF, Nancy) pour stocker des milliers de relevés phytoécologiques complets (relevés floristiques et caractéristiques climatiques et édaphiques précises), réalisés dans les forêts de France. La définition de 54 courbes de réponse théoriques d'espèces végétales vis-à-vis du pH, et la création de jeux artificiels de données binaires de taille variable pour essayer de re-créer les courbes de réponse théoriques, ont permis de montrer qu'il est difficile de modéliser de manière fiable le comportement des espèces peu fréquentes avec la régression logistique. En effet, nous montrons que 50 à 100 occurrences d'une espèce représentent un seuil minimal pour déterminer précisément l'optimum, l'amplitude et la probabilité maximale de la courbe de réponse écologique des espèces avec la régression logistique, ce qui justifie la nécessité de travailler avec de larges bases de données.
Pour tester la stabilité du comportement écologique des espèces sur de vastes territoires, nous avons comparé la réponse au pH du sol de 46 herbacées forestières entre le nord-est et le nord-ouest de la France, et de 21 herbacées forestières entre les Vosges et le Jura. En contexte de plaine ou de montagne, la majorité des espèces étudiées n'ont pas révélé de différences régionales marquées en terme d'optimum ou d'amplitude écologiques vis-à-vis du pH de l'horizon A du sol. Les quelques différences régionales observées ont été expliquées dans les deux cas par des conditions de compétition différentes dans chaque région. Nous concluons que l'étude de la réponse écologique peut s'effectuer sur de vastes territoires tels que la France, à condition que les conditions de compétition ne soient pas trop différentes selon les régions.
Une caractéristique majeure de la base EcoPlant est de stocker des informations édaphiques et climatiques, couplée à des relevés floristiques effectués sur les mêmes sites. L'étude conjointe de la réponse écologique des espèces végétales vis-à-vis de facteurs climatiques et édaphiques a rarement été menée, puisque la majorité des études étudient la réponse climatique des espèces végétales. Nous illustrons l'importance de prendre en compte des variables édaphiques de nutrition dans les modèles de niche écologique et de distribution géographique des plantes terrestres, par la modélisation de l'écologie et de la distribution de l'Erable champêtre (Acer campestre L.) dans les forêts françaises.
L'ensemble des résultats met en évidence l'intérêt des bases de données importantes et écologiquement complètes telles qu'EcoPlant pour approfondir la connaissance des différentes dimensions de la niche écologique des espèces à l'échelle de vastes territoires.
Lehnebach, Romain. "Etude de la variabilité ontogénique du profil ligneux chez quelques espèces forestières tropicales de Guyane Française." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS021/document.
Full textWood is a multifunctional tissue involved in sap conduction, storage of water and reserves as well as mechanical support. Tree during its development experiments various constraints due to its environment and its growing size. In response to these constraints, wood functional performances are adjusted by variations of property values, which are dependent on the xylogenesis product. However, wood properties may be modified by the deposition of chemical extractives during heartwood formation. Thus heartwood properties are the result of xylogenesis, heartwood formation and their interactions. This work gave rise to the term 'wood profile', designating all variations of wood properties at different scales and in an ontogenetic dimension, resulting from both processes described above. The diversity of shade tolerance (heliophilic to sciaphilic) strategies species suggests a diversity of wood profile expressions. The description of these different expressions could be a way to better understand plant strategies. Understanding and characterizing wood profile and variations in heartwood quantity in tree, is an economical issue since the Guyanese timber industry has been identified as a promising sector. The analysis of the diversity of wood profile—using a bottom-up approach, from the individual level to the interspecific level—proves to discriminate shade tolerance strategies efficiently. Wood specific gravity variation is especially relevant. However, its relevance is based on (1) combinations of both radial and vertical variations and (2) integration of heartwood that may impact range and direction of the gradient and shape of the profile as well. Effect of heartwood formation on wood specific gravity variations is suggestive of shade tolerance strategy as well as quality and/or quantity of chemical extractives. Relevant characterization of shade tolerance strategies by wood profile is the result of the integration of diverse processes and properties. To the view of growth allocation shift (from trunk to crown) observed in Dicorynia guianensis and of previous studies on tree growth, a potential link between wood profile diversity and growth allocation strategies may exist
Drouin, Mélanie. "L'impact des vers de terre exotiques sur le recrutement des espèces végétales forestières du sud du Québec." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/68.
Full textVan, Couwenberghe Rosalinde. "Effets des facteurs environnementaux sur la distribution et l'abondance des espèces végétales forestières aux échelles locales et régionales." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00604628.
Full textGirod, Christophe. "Conséquences génétiques des variations climatiques du Quaternaire et distribution des espèces forestières Néotropicales : L'exemple du palmier Astrocaryum sciophilum." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00576928.
Full textLenoir, Jonathan. "Impacts d'un réchauffement rapide du climat sur la distribution des espèces végétales forestières le long du gradient d'altitude." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005231.
Full textPangou, Serge Valentin. "Régénération naturelle sur 8 hectares de la forêt dense humide du Mayombe congolais. Exemple de 5 espèces ligneuses pionnières, post-pionnières et forestières." Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10500.
Full textPiedallu, Christian. "Spatialisation du bilan hydrique des sols pour caractériser la distribution et la croissance des espèces forestières dans un contexte de changement climatique." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00833247.
Full textTrontin, Jean-François. "Caractérisation et variation d'une famille multigénique, l'ADN ribosomique 5S nucléaire, chez quatre espèces forestières des genres larix M. (Pinaceae) et Quercus L. (Fagaceae)." Nancy 1, 2000. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2000_0186_TRONTIN.pdf.
Full textPinard, Véronique. "Cartographie des espèces forestières dans les milieux mixtes: Étude comparative entre un modèle de déconvolution spectrale et les modèles de la classification supervisée." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26745.
Full textKaumbu, Jean Marc Kyalamakasa. "Sélection précoce des espèces forestières et potentiel mycorhizien arbusculaire en vue de la reforestation de la forêt claire dégradée du Haut-Katanga, en République Démocratique du Congo." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68940.
Full textIn the Katanga province, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo), the anthropogenic pressure is exerted on the Miombo woodland (MW) with the expansion of the agricultural lands and the increased demand for charcoal, due to the demographic growth. The restorationof agricultural and forest fallows has become essential to reverse this decline and sustainably manage the degraded MW. The main objective of this thesis was to study the development of seedlings and the potential of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the MW of UpperKatanga, DRC. Its specific objectives were to: (i) assess the development and mycorrhizalstatus of MW species, with respect to their successional status (early (ES) or late (LS) tree species); (ii) determine the arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculum potential (AMIP) in degradedMW; and (iii) describe the diversity and community structure of AMF associated with amultipurpose forest tree (Pterocarpus tinctorius Welw also named Mninga maji in Swahili,Mukula in Bemba).First, the development of the seedlings was evaluated, for two pioneer tree species(Combretum collinum and P. tinctorius) and six late species (Brachystegia boehmii, B.longifolia, B. spiciformis, B. wangermeana, Julbernardia globiflora and J. paniculata), 1, 2and 4 years after planting. Then, the AMIP was estimated in degraded MW by baitingCrotalaria juncea seedlings. The relationship between AMIP and vegetation indix wase stablished with Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM) and linear regressions. Finally, the diversity and the structure of the AMF community in the roots of P. tinctorius were characterized in the agricultural and forest fallow of three sites, by amplification, cloning of the 28S gene of the large subunit (LSU) of the ribosomal DNA and Sanger sequencing. The results showed that the early successional tree species, ES (Chipya) had early growthand were 3 to 40 times more productive than to LS (tree species characteristic of MW). ESspecies were colonized by AMF, whereas LS species were colonized by ectomycorrhizal fungi. In degraded MW, the density of some trees had a positive influence on AMIP,particularly woody legumes acting synergistically with the abundance of annual grasses.Woody legumes were more colonized and would act as AMF plant refuges. Molecular diversity of 30 operational taxonomic units (UTOs) of AMF was associated with P. tinctorius (one of the mycotrophic woody legumes), in the agricultural and forest fallows of three sites studied. The community richness and structure of the AMF were driven by the density ofwoody species colonized by AMF evenly distributed in plant species. The AMF communitywas dominated by species of the genera Rhizophagus and Sclerocystis, and were strongly associated with some chemical properties of the soil (pH, acidity, total aluminium and totaliron) and the density of some trees. Thus, the results highlight a variability of growth and biomass depending on the successional status (ecological groups). Also, the AMIP and the AMF communities were mainly driven by tree density and soil properties. We suggest there forestation of degraded MW with the native species (P. tinctorius, B. spiciformis and C.collinum) in mono-specific plantations or under agroforestry management with food crops.
Fort, Christine. "Régulation des échanges hydriques de jeunes plants de différentes espèces forestières feuillues et résineuses : effet de la contrainte hydrique, rôle du substrat et origine de la régulation stomatique." Nancy 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN10262.
Full textThis work had as first objective the analysis of growth and water relations of three forest species (Quercus petraea, Pinus pinaster and Betula pendula), in relation with soil type, under optimal and water stress conditions. Clear differences were observed between species. In absence of water stress, birch presented the greatest plasticity with respect to soil type. It is also characterised by higher values of stomatal conductance and hydraulic conductance than the two other species. It's stomatal regulation under water stress is belated and has only been evidenced for very lower values of soil water content (3%). In parallel, strong leaf shedding has been observed. No interaction related to the nature of substrate has been observed. A second aim was to tested, under water stress conditions, the impact of root-sourced abscisic acid (ABA) in stomatal regulation. The existence of such root signalling, based only on root ABA has not been confirmed and this, on the three forest species studied (Quercus robur, Pinus pinaster and Betula pendula). The stomatal regulatory mechanisms are certainly more complex and probably implicate a double mechanism, foliar and root mediating
Vallet, Jeanne. "Gradient d'urbanisation et communautés végétales d'espaces boisés : Approche à plusieurs échelles dans trois agglomérations du Massif armoricain." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00464972.
Full textVallet, Jeanne. "Gradient d'urbanisation et communautés végétales d'espaces boisésApproche à plusieurs échelles dans trois agglomérations du Massif armoricain." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00409694.
Full textFruleux, Alexandre. "Développement racinaire du hêtre (Fagus sylvatica) en interaction avec d’autres espèces forestières et en fonction de la disponibilité en eau : conséquences sur la croissance et le fonctionnement hydrique et carboné." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0047/document.
Full textThe link between species diversity and ecosystem productivity is a central issue in ecology. Numerous studies have shown a positive relationship between forest diversity and productivity, as well as a greater resistance to various stresses such as droughts. On the other hand, few studies demonstrated the mechanisms behind the benefits observed in multi-species forests compared to monospecific ones. In particular, the role of belowground interactions among species in explaining the origin of positive effects of species diversity on ecosystem functioning is unknown. The aim of my PhD work was to study the influence of tree species interactions on the root development of beech (Fagus sylvatica) under different levels of water conditions. We showed that at the seedling stage, underground competition between beech, oak and pine was strong and that mixing these species could influence the growth of the beech. Water availability had a strong impact on the growth of beech seedlings, but the presence of seedlings of other species competing with beech did not particularly improve its response to drought. At the adult stage, in a forest plantation, we showed that maple trees competing with beech did not strongly modify the mean depth of soil water extraction of beech trees or the vertical distribution of beech roots. We conclude that (i) there was no separation of the underground ecological niches of these two species, both spatially and functionally (with respect to water acquisition), and (ii) that the mechanisms of belowground interaction between these two species do not seem to explain the origin of the higher productivity in the mixture than in the monoculture zone. Finally, the richest fungal communities were found in the mixed species zone: we hypothesize that greater fungal community richness in the mixture may improve water and nutrient acquisition and then contribute to higher productivity in the mixed species zone. My work suggests that underground interactions between beech and other forest species are probably not the main mechanism explaining beneficial effects of mixtures on productivity
De, Grandcourt Agnès. "Acquisition et utilisation du phosphore par les plantules ligneuses forestières associées à des endomycorhizes : comparaison de deux espèces de forêt tropicale humide de Guyane française et impact du niveau d'éclairement." Nancy 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NAN10036.
Full textPhosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for plant growth. In tropical rainforest, P is thought to be a limiting factor for primary production. Plant can establish mycorrhiza, symbiosis between fungus (bringing nutrient) and plant (bringing carbon (C)). The first objective of this work was to study the dependency (P acquisition) and sensitivity (growth) of Dicorynia guianensis and Eperua falcata (two Ceasalpiniaceae) to mycorrhiza. At seedling stage, both species were dependant but only D. Guianensis was sensitive. Both species stocked P in case of elevated soil P rates. The second objective was to study competition for C between plant and fungus for D. Guianensis. At high irradiance, mycorhization increased P acquisition and growth. At low irradiance, fungi colonised roots but were unable to absorb P. At this irradiance, mycorhization did not improved C acquisition and had a negative effect on plant growth
Saccone, Patrick. "Rôle des intéractions entre les plantes et place des espèces à stratégie compétitive dispendieuse dans les dynamiques forestières sous l'influence des changements globaux : cas d'un système montagnard et d'un système alluvial." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10040.
Full textMost of abiotic and biotic factors structuring plant communities had been identified, but their relative importance and their precise roles lead strong debate among ecologists. The questions pointed out by the response of plants to global change relaunch the needing to understand these ecological processes. Our study focused on the role of plant-plant interactions and on plant strategies as structuring factor of temperate forest communities. Our study sites were a post-cultural mountain forest dominated by Acer pseudoplatanus et Fraxinus excelsior in the Northem French Alps and a riparian forested system in the Rhone River floodplain under Acer negundo invasive pressure. The place of these species, considered as mid-successional, in the context of global changes questions scientists. [. . . ] ln synthesis, our work highlighted an exploitative competitor strategy pole for trees species. Moreover, we have described the change in biotic interactions from competition to facilitation among environmental severity gradients and we have shown that the species responses to these interactions were dependent from the species and the history of targets
Merian, Pierre. "Variations spatio-temporelles de la réponse au climat des essences forestières tempérées : quantification du phénomène par approche dendroécologique et influence de la stratégie d'échantillonnage." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00764526.
Full textArbonnier, Michel. "Étude d'une savane graminéenne et forestière en vue de son aménagement à partir du cas de Koumpentoum (Sénégal)." Nancy 1, 1990. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1990_0508_ARBONNIER.pdf.
Full textAlmoussawi, Ali. "Importance relative des processus de dispersion et de recrutement dans la dynamique d'assemblage des communautés végétales en paysage agricole." Thesis, Amiens, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AMIE0043.
Full textThe absence of a species from a focal community may be due to either dispersal limitation or recruitment limitation. The present work aims to assess species behavior in different types of landscapes. I first investigated the relationship between alpha and gamma diversity at different scales and for different fragmentation levels in forest fragments embedded in an agricultural landscape matrix. Results highlight the importance of considering species identity when studying the effect of fragmentation on the plant community structure. I then assessed the germination success and persistence of vascular plant species (weeds and herbaceous plants), using semi-controlled experiments. In the first experiment, I studied the germination and persistence success of sown weed species, and their subsequent effect on crop yield, under contrasted agricultural practices. We evidenced a sorting effect of agricultural practices on local plant species composition. In the second experiment, I assessed the potential of hedgerows to serve as habitats for forest plant species. We sought seeds and transplanted seedlings in both hedgerows and forest to monitor germination and persistence, respectively, each time with and without resident vegetation removal to further assess the role of competition. Our preliminary results show that few species germinate and survive in hedgerows, suggesting that both dispersal and recruitment limitations are at play. Results from this work emphasize the importance of community assembly processes in ecosystem conservation and maintaining its delivered services
Tusa, jumbo Eduardo Alejandro. "Apport de la fusion LiDAR - hyperspectral pour la caractérisation géométrique et radiométrique des arbres." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03212453.
Full textMountain forests provide environmental ecosystem services (EES) to communities: supplying of recreational landscapes, protection against natural hazards, supporting biodiversity conservation, among others. The preservation of these EES through space and time requires a good characterization of the resources. Especially in mountains, stands are very heterogeneous and timber harvesting is economically possible thanks to trees of higher value. This is why we want to be able to map each tree and estimate its characteristics, including quality, which is related to its shape and growth conditions. Field inventories are not able to provide a wall to wall cover of detailed tree-level information on a large scale. On the other hand, remote sensing tools seem to be a promising technology because of the time efficient and the affordable costs for studying forest areas. LiDAR data provide detailed information from the vertical distribution and location of the trees, but it is limited for mapping species. Hyperspectral data are associated to absorption features in the canopy reflectance spectrum, but is not effective for characterizing tree geometry. Hyperspectral and LiDAR systems provide independent and complementary data that are relevant for the assessment of biophysical and biochemical attributes of forest areas. This PhD thesis deals with the fusion of LiDAR and hyperspectral data to characterize individual forest trees. The leading idea is to improve methods to derive forest information at tree-level by extracting geometric and radiometric features. The contributions of this research work relies on: i) an updated review of data fusion methods of LiDAR and hyperspectral data for forest monitoring, ii) an improved 3D segmentation algorithm for delineating individual tree crowns based on Adaptive Mean Shift (AMS3D) and an ellipsoid crown shape model, iii) a criterion for feature selection based on random forests score, $5$-fold cross validation and a cumulative error function for forest tree species classification. The two main methods used to derive forest information at tree level are tested with remote sensing data acquired in the French Alps
Pereboom, Vincent. "Mode d'utilisation du milieu fragmenté par une espèce forestière aux habitudes discrètes." Angers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ANGE0032.
Full textThe destruction of forests, a main issue in biological conservation, is one of the greatest threat in biodiversity worldwide. In Europe and North America, however, the maintenance of populations is put in jeopardy by the destruction of trees outside of forests and hedgerows. In order to acquire new insights in the impact of habitat fragmentation, I chose a species regarded as forest specialist and recognised as vulnerable to forest degradation, the Pine marten Martes martes, as a model. I studied habitat and corridor use by Pine martens by radio-tracking 24 martens in France on two different sites. The marten was shown as being a species not dependant on old growth forest, as was previously considered, but instead on the presence of trees in the close vicinity, be they forest groves or hedgerows
Sahim, Fatima. "Effets d'une bordure forestière sur la pente de la courbe espèces-aire : importance des variables environnementales." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24992/24992.pdf.
Full textGouix, Nicolas. "Gestion forestière et biodiversité, les enjeux de conservation d'une espèce parapluie : Limoniscus violaceus (Coleoptera)." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00824627.
Full textBottin, Lorraine. "Déterminants de la variation moléculaire et phénotypique d'une espèce forestière en milieu insulaire : cas de Santalum austrocaledonicum en Nouvelle-Calédonie." Phd thesis, Ecole nationale superieure agronomique de montpellier - AGRO M, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00097974.
Full textadaptatifs et variables moléculaires.
Andrieu, Émilie. "Impact de la progression forestière sur les espèces rares de milieu ouvert : écologie et dynamique des populations de la Pivoine officinale (Paeonia Officinalis L.)." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20084.
Full textBergeron, Sylvie. "La régénération naturelle de quelques espèces utiles de la forêt de terre ferme sur terrasse basse : Araracuara, Amazonas, Colombie." Bordeaux 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR30001.
Full textThese are the results of the study of natural regeneration of some useful species from rainforest on low terraces (amazon area, colombia) this research included: a) forest floral composition, b) selection of twenty-two species based on frequency, abundancy and dominancy, c) seedling demography close to the parent-tree, d) seed longevity and seedlings growing rate under natural controlled conditions. The specific diversity of the forest was noticed as well as the difficulties related with primary species natural regeneration. These are mainly related with species reproduction cycle as well as with flower, fruits and seedlings predation. Abiotic conditions as precipitations and luminosity play an important role in the seedlings growing and survival possibilities. Some species need a canopy opening to survive while other species will only grow better with an increase of light. Primary species seed longevity is variable but short (few months). For some species, very abundant precipitations mean high mortality of seedlings, delay germination and low growing rate, for other spevies high precipitations means seedlings death. These results show how fragile the tropical rainforest is and the complexity of factors involved in natural regeneration of primary species
Luque, Carine. "Impacts sylvicoles sur la biodiversité forestière : réactivité écologique de communautés d'arthropodes et analyse moléculaire d'une espèce cible. Diarsia brunnea (D et S.Lepidoptera)." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30030.
Full textKumba, Lubemba Sylvain. "Ecologie spatiale des espèces arborescentes de la Réserve Forestière de Yoko: structure spatiale et mise en évidence des facteurs écologiques responsables, Ubundu, Province Orientale, R.D. Congo." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209056.
Full textPour ce faire, une parcelle d’échantillonnage de 25 ha (500m 500m) a été délimitée dans le bloc sud de la RFY constitué d’une végétation ligneuse mixte et semi-décidue. Un inventaire forestier a permis d’analyser la composition floristique et structurale de la zone. Trois techniques (ou modèles statistiques) relevant de l’écologie spatiale pour l’analyse de la structure horizontale des espèces ont été utilisées :la méthode du voisin le plus proche de Clark & Evans (1954), la méthode d’échantillonnage aléatoire de Hines & Hines (1979), ces deux méthodes reposant sur une analyse à échelle unique de la parcelle d’étude, et la méthode de Ripley (1977) permettant non seulement une analyse multi-échelle mais aussi l’étude des relations intra et interspécifiques. Concernant ce point précis, les arbres ont été catégorisés en trois stades de développement sur la base de leurs diamètres (les jeunes, les immatures et les adultes). Une analyse comparative et théorique des trois méthodes a été effectuée.
Un total de 169 espèces appartenant à 36 familles dont 114 genres ont été identifiées, et la famille des Fabaceae dont la majorité des espèces appartiennent à la sous famille des Caesalpinioideae est apparue prépondérante. Trois espèces se sont révélées les plus abondantes et les plus représentatives du peuplement, et ont pour cette raison fait l’objet de toutes les analyses :Gilbertiodendron dewevrei J. Léonard (De Wild), Scorodophloeus zenkeri Harms et Uapaca guineensis Mull. Arg. Elles ont toutes les trois montré une structure agrégée, et cela à toutes les échelles d’analyse. Les agrégats observés présentent un rayon d’environ 25 m de distance. L’analyse en fonction du diamètre a indiqué une structure agrégée pour les plus petits diamètres et régulière pour les plus grands, et que l’agrégation diminue avec le diamètre. Les résultats montrent également que les structures spatiales observées dépendent de l’échelle d’analyse considérée et de la méthode utilisée. La méthode de Clark & Evans est sensible à la variation de l’étendue. À cet égard, l’échantillonnage aléatoire de Hines & Hines est apparu plus adaptée que celui de Clark & Evans. Les fonctions de Ripley et dérivées sont des outils efficaces et apportent plus d’information. Les analyses ont montré des associations positives entre G. dewevrei et S. zenkeri, ainsi qu’entre G. dewevrei et U. guineensis. Par contre, une indépendance a été constatée entre S. zenkeri et U. guineensis. Il apparaît également que les jeunes sont associés positivement aux adultes supposés reproducteurs, et que les immatures sont indépendants par rapport aux adultes. La dispersion faible ou limitée des graines à proximité des arbres parents en est le principal facteur endogène responsable. Ce facteur explique également les associations positives entre les jeunes et les adultes de la même espèce. La compétition entre des individus pour les besoins en espace, en lumière ou en nutriments dans le sol, explique la structure régulière observée ainsi que l’indépendance des immatures envers les adultes. La dispersion limitée n’est cependant pas le seul facteur explicatif de l’agrégation spatiale des arbres, d’autres facteurs tels que l’hétérogénéité environnementale (sol, topographie,…) ou la perturbation sont vraisemblablement aussi impliqués. La perturbation anthropique ou naturelle est un processus écologique qui devrait avoir joué un rôle déterminant dans l’organisation spatiale des communautés de la forêt. Combinée au phénomène de masting, aux effets de Janzen-Connell et aux ectomycorhizes, elle est très probablement à la base des structures spatiales et des relations spatiales observées entre les espèces de la RFY. / Tropical forests contain tree-stands with management and planning requires knowledge of their spatial organization and dynamics. Analyses of the spatial structure of tree species can be used in natural forests to identify the underlying mechanisms that structure of forest stands to improve the understanding of the relationships between species. This study was conducted in the Yoko Forest Reserve (YFR) around Kisangani in eastern DR Congo (DRC). It is to analyze the horizontal spatial structure of the most abundant species and to try to identify, on a local scale, factors and / or potentially explicative ecological processes to draw valuable lessons for the management of forest areas nearby Kisangani.
To do this, a sample plot of 25 ha (500m x 500m) was delineated in the southern block of the YFR consists of a mixed woody vegetation and semi-deciduous. A forest inventory was used to analyze the floristic and structural composition of the area. Three techniques (or statistical models) under spatial ecology for the analysis of the horizontal structure of the species were used: the nearest neighbor method of Clark & Evans (1954), the random sampling method Hines & Hines (1979), these two methods based on a single scale analysis of the study plot, and the method of Ripley (1977) allows not only a multi-scale analysis, but also the study of intra- and inter-relationships. Regarding this point, the trees were categorized into three stages of development on the basis of their diameters (young, immature and adult). A comparative and theoretical analysis of the three methods was performed.
A total of 169 species belonging to 36 families with 114 genera have been identified and the family Fabaceae which the majority of species belong to the subfamily Caesalpinioideae appeared decisive. Three species have proved the most abundant and the most representative of the stand, and for this reason the subject of all analyzes Gilbertiodendron dewevrei J. Léonard (De Wild) Scorodophloeus zenkeri Harms and Uapaca guineensis Mull. Arg. They all three showed an aggregated structure, and that all scales of analysis. Observed aggregates have a radius of about 25 m distance. The analysis based on the diameter indicated an aggregated structure for smaller diameters and regular for larger and that aggregation decreases with diameter. The results also show that the observed spatial structures depend on the considered analysis of scale and the method used. The method of Clark & Evans is sensitive to the variation in the extent. In this regard, the random sampling of Hines & Hines appeared more suitable than that of Clark & Evans. Ripley's functions and derivatives are effective tools and provide more information. Analyses showed positive associations between G. dewevrei and S. zenkeri, and between G. dewevrei and U. guineensis. By against, independence was found between S. zenkeri and U. guineensis. It also appears that young people are positively associated with the supposed breeding adults and immatures are independent compared to adults. The low or limited seed dispersal near parent trees is the main endogenous factor responsible. This factor also explains the positive associations between youth and adults of the same species. The competition between individuals to space requirements, light or nutrients in the soil, explains the observed regular structure and the independence of immature towards adults. Limited dispersal, however, is not the only factor explaining the spatial aggregation trees, other factors such as environmental heterogeneity (soil, topography, ) or disturbance are probably also involved. Anthropogenic or natural disturbance is an environmentally friendly process that should have played a decisive role in the spatial organization of forest communities. Combined with masting phenomenon, the effects of Janzen-Connell and Ectomycorrhizae, it is very probably the basis of spatial structures and spatial relationships observed between species of the YFR.
Doctorat en Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique
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Percel, Gwendoline. "Réponse des espèces lignicoles à la disponibilité des habitats en forêt tempérée : approche multi-échelles du micro-habitat au paysage." Thesis, Orléans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ORLE2055/document.
Full textIntensive forestry induces a simplification of forest stand structure, composition, and dynamics, resulting in a decrease of density and diversity of old-growth forest attributes (deadwood and tree-related microhabitats). These elements represent critical habitats for lignicolous species. At the landscape scale, forest management planning create a spatial discontinuity of these microhabitats, which can be perceived as a fragmentation process for many species. Although habitat fragmentation is currently recognized as one of the major threats to biodiversity, its impact on species in managed temperate forest are still poorly understood. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of microhabitat availability (quantity and configuration) on species communities and populations, at multiple spatial scales, in order to provide evidence-based recommendations regarding the spatial arrangement of conservation strategies. We proposed a statistical methodology to predict the microhabitats distribution within the complex of the Compiègne forest (France). Based on this predictive mapping, we showed that different guilds of saproxylic beetles, defined according to their life history traits related to dispersal abilities, respond to the landscape structure at different spatial scales. Modelling metapopulation dynamics of an epixylic bryophyte (Dicranum viride) has highlighted the importance of dispersal on colonization/extinction processes that underlie the species’ occurrence patterns observed at the forest scale. Our results emphasize the key role of deadwood and tree-related microhabitats, which can be considered as relevant management leverage. Increase their quantity and optimize their spatial arrangement within and between forest stands, appears to be essential for persistence of the lignicolous species within managed forests
Van, Dijk Anne-Frédérique. "Régénération des espèces ligneuses dans les forêts alluviales rhénane à bois dur en Alsace : Dynamique,stratégies,facteurs." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR1GE10.
Full textSo far, regeneration processes of hardwood forests in the Upper Rhine area have received little attention, while the need for a better understanding of this dynamic phase has recently increased due to a changing and more naturalistic management of these forests and the re-flooding of formerly inundated forest stands. Here we present the results of an in situ study based on four compartments involved within the regeneration process, carried out in three hardwood forest stands in central Alsace. Flooding still occurs in one of the three sites (Rhinau Island), but has been suppressed in Erstein and Dachsenkopf 30 and 130 years ago, respectively. [. . . ]
Morneau, François. "Effets d'un gradient d'engorgement sur la structure et la dynamique d'une forêt tropicale humide (Paracou, Guyane française)." Phd thesis, ENGREF (AgroParisTech), 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002810.
Full textRestoux, Gwendal. "Variabilité spatio-temporelle de la reproduction chez une espèce pérenne monoïque : le cas du sapin pectiné, Abies alba Miller, en limite sud de son aire de répartition." Aix-Marseille 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX30053.
Full textThis study focuses on the spatio-temporal varibility of reproduction in silver fir (Abies alba), in its French rear edge populations in the Mont Ventoux and Lure mountain. Usually, marginal populations contrast from core populations with lower and more variable densities. In our populations of firs, we found that lower densitiy leads to higher selfing rates through a mass-action law at both population and individual levels. As a consequence, germinative abilities were lower for seeds from lower density populations, mainly because of inbreeeding depression. But this was balanced by a higher survival rates at the seedling stage. A more efficient genetic purge could explain this. However, in our populations, a lower density also induced a lower effective seed production, through an increased rate of empty seeds. This can result from pollen limi tation. Indeed, genetic analyses revealed a rather high spatial genetic structure of pollen pool, indicating a limited dispersal with a mean dispersal distance between 20 and 50m. This limited dispersal also induced a high inter-individual variability of the mating system mainly due to variations of local density and individual pollen production. Finally, we found strong inter-annual variations of the pollen pools : giving an inter-mothers differentiation of 8%, we obtained an inter-annual differenciation of 13% within mothers. The year with the higher pollen productions also presented the lower overall genetic diversity. Thus this study confirms the necessity to consider multiple years in studies on the reproduction of a perennial tree such as fir, either for theoretical concerns of for practical questions focused on the management of genetic diversity
Karasiak, Nicolas. "Cartographie des essences forestières à partir de séries temporelles d’images satellitaires à hautes résolutions : stabilité des prédictions, autocorrélation spatiale et cohérence avec la phénologie observée in situ." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020INPT0115.
Full textForests have a key role on earth, whether to store carbon and so reducing the global warming or to provide a place for many species. However, the composition of the forest (the location of the tree species or their diversity) has an influence on the ecological services provided. In this context, it seems critical to map tree species that make it up the forest. Remote sensing, especially from satellite images, appears to be the most appropriate way to map large areas. Thanks to the satellite constellations such as Sentinel-2 or Landsat-8 and their free acquisition for the user, the use of time series of satellite images with high spatial, spectral and temporal resolution using automatic learning algorithms is now easy to access. While many works have studied the potential of satellite images to identify tree species, few use time series (several images per year) with high spatial resolution and taking into account the spatial autocorrelation of references, i.e. the spectral similarity of spatially close samples. However, by not taking this phenomenon into account, evaluation biases may occur and thus overestimate the quality of the learning models. It is also a question of better identifying the methodological barriers in order to understand why it can be easy or complicated for an algorithm to identify one species from another. The general objective of the thesis is to study the potential and the obstacles concerning the idenficiation of forest tree species from satellite images time series with high spatial, spectral and temporal resolution. The first objective is to study the temporal stability of predictions from a nine-year archive of the Formosat-2 satellite. More specifically, the work focuses on the implementation of a validation method that is as faithful as possible to the observed quality of the maps. The second objective focuses on the link between in situ phenological events (leaf growth at the beginning of the season, or leaf loss and coloration at the end of the season) and what can be observed by remote sensing. In addition to the ability to detect these events, it will be studied whether what allows the algorithms to identify tree species from each other is related to species-specific behaviors
Quencez, Christine. "Structuration de la variabilité génétique du pin sylvestre (pinus sylvestris l. ) Pour la résistance à melampsora pinitorqua rostr : conséquences pour l'amélioration génétique de cette espèce forestière." Tours, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOUR3803.
Full textJulliot, Catherine. "Utilisation des ressources alimentaires par le singe hurleur roux, alouatta seniculus (atelidae, primates) en Guyane : impact de la dissémination des graines sur la regénération forestière." Tours, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOUR4010.
Full textOuédraogo, Dakis-Yaoba. "PRÉDICTION DE LA DYNAMIQUE FORESTIÈRE À L'AIDE D'UN MODÈLE MATRICIEL QUI INCORPORE LA VARIABILITÉ DE LA RÉPONSE DES ESPÈCES À L'ENVIRONNEMENT : Application dans une forêt tropicale humide semi-décidue d'Afrique centrale." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00876547.
Full textNaud, Julie. "Espèces herbacées médicinales de sous-bois, cultivées en érablière sous différentes conditions de lumière et de sol, dans le sud du Québec (Canada)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26024/26024.pdf.
Full textAdra, Walaa. "Influence des indicateurs paysagers et de leur échelle d'intégration sur l'habitat d'une espèce avienne : conséquences sur la modélisation de la qualité d'habitat de la Gélinotte dans une perspective de gestion conservatoire." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00858353.
Full textNorden, Natalia. "Importance du processus de régénération naturelle dans le maintien de la diversité en forêt tropicale humide." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30250.
Full textNatural regeneration in tropical forests is a multistage process including seed production, dispersal, germination and subsequent seedling establishment. All these stages may have critical consequences in population dynamics and on species coexistence. We assessed many aspects of seedling regeneration at the Nouragues Station in French Guiana. We monitored seed arrival over a 5-years period. We monitored seedling community dynamics over 28 months. We developed a new approach in order to identify reproductive strategies among 48 tree and liana species. We found that the plant community showed an important variability in seed production. Most species fruited yearly, but as many as a quarter of the studied species showed a masting pattern, a phenomenon very poorly studied in tropical latitudes. The vast array of reproductive and germination strategies displayed by plants results in important temporal pulses in seedling recruitment. We thus assessed the importance of these sources of temporal variability and of spatial environmental heterogeneity in seedling community dynamics. Annual variation in seedfall and environmental filtering both contributed to explaining spatiotemporal variation in local seedling density and diversity. Finally, we showed for 15 seedling taxa that abundance patterns are mainly controlled by seed arrival. .
Pelissier, Raphaël. "Mésoécologie de la Diversité des Forêts Tropicales Humides." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00476203.
Full textPetucco, Claudio. "Forest health economics : Management of forest pests and pathogens in conditions of global change." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IAVF0007.
Full textIn recent decades, the deterioration of forest health resulted in frequent pests’ outbreaks and the diffuse pathogens’ presence. These phenomena threaten forests’ ability to supply ecosystem goods and services to the society. It is therefore necessary to maintain tree health and reduce pest’s and pathogen’s impacts. This thesis approaches three management problems from an economic perspective such as the current invasion and the incumbent invasion of a forest pathogen as well as the outbreaks of a native pest. Starting from these three pest and pathogen management problems, the thesis aims at assessing the impacts of forest pests and pathogens and, secondly, informing how resources can be optimally allocated for assuring the long-term provision of good and services.Pest and pathogens invasions have an impact on the prices of wood products via supply shocks, which, in turn, influence forest management choices, thus introducing feedback effects between market and ecological dynamics at a large scale. The first paper aims at evaluating these impacts by combining a recursive partial equilibrium model with spatial-explicit pathogen-spread and pathogen-induced mortality models calibrated to represent the ash dieback in France (caused by the pathogen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus). Results showed that impacts are not homogeneous across regions and generally depend on the resource distribution, pathogen spread and market structure. We observed that the behavioural adaptation of forest managers (i.e., regeneration and harvesting choices) is a non-negligible component of the total standing volume loss.The second paper focusses on monitoring and control of an incumbent invasion. Monitoring and early detection of invasive species is important to mitigate the damages and reduce the control costs. However, when multiple decision-makers are involved, the monitoring effort of frontier landowners (landowners closer to the introduction point) is suboptimal because it does not consider the negative impacts of the invasion spreading to neighbouring properties. Through a two-player differential game combined with an epidemiological compartmental model, we computed the non-cooperative and the cooperative solution. We designed a monetary payment to sustain cooperation based on an intertemporal decomposition of the Nash bargaining scheme. We showed that this payment assured time-consistent outcomes, meaning that the ex-ante agreement between the two landowners was credible and self-enforcing. The model was calibrated for the possible invasion of the pine wilt nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) in south-western France.In the last two papers, the analysis is downscaled from the landscape level to the stand level and concentrates on a native defoliator pest. The main objective of the third paper is to adapt forest management to biotic and abiotic disturbances. The classic Faustmann model was combined with a pest population model and a windstorm model to compute the optimal rotation age and the land expectation value (LEV) for different disturbances scenarios. The model was calibrated for maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) plantations in south-western France and Pine Processionary Moth (PPM, Thaumetopoea pityocampa) cyclical outbreaks. Our results showed that storms tend to reduce the optimal harvest age, whereas PPM tends to increase it. Overall, the impact of PPM on the rotation length prevails and, here, risks increase rather than decrease the optimal rotation length. Thinnings increased profitability and constitute an effective hedging strategy against both risks. In the third paper, we introduced a cut-or-keep decision rule to model the forest owner problem after a storm event. Its economic and management implications are further investigated in the fourth paper. Unlike previous economic studies which assumed clearing and replanting regardless of the level of damages, the cut-or-keep condition led to higher payoffs in roughly 75% of the cases
Schmitt, Sylvain. "Ecological genomics of niche exploitation and individual performance in tropical forest trees." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0247.
Full textTropical forests shelter the highest species diversity worldwide, a fact that remains partly unexplained and the origin of which is subject to debate. Even at the hectare-scale, tropical forests shelter species-rich genera with closely-related tree species coexisting in sympatry. Due to phylogenetic constraints, closely related species are expected to have similar niches and functional strategies, which raises questions on the mechanisms of their local coexistence. Closely related species may form a species complex, defined as morphologically similar species that share large amounts of genetic variation due to recent common ancestry and hybridization, and that can result from ecological adaptive radiation of species segregating along environmental gradients. Despite the key role of species complexes in Neotropical forest ecology, diversification, and evolution, little is known of the eco-evolutionary forces creating and maintaining diversity within Neotropical species complexes. We explored the intraspecific genomic variability as a continuum within structured populations of closely related species, and measured its role on individual tree performance through growth over time, while accounting for effects of a finely-characterized environment at the abiotic and biotic level. Combining tree inventories, LiDAR-derived topographic data, leaf functional traits, and gene capture data in the research station of Paracou, French Guiana, we used population genomics, environmental association analyses, genome-wide association studies and Bayesian modelling on the tree species complexes Symphonia and Eschweilera clade Parvifolia. We showed that the species complexes of Neotropical trees cover all local gradients of topography and competition and are therefore widespread in the study site whereas most of the species within them exhibit pervasive niche differentiation along these same gradients. Specifically, in the species complexes Symphonia and Eschweilera clade Parvifolia, the decrease in water availability due to higher topographic position, e.g., from bottomlands to plateaus, has led to a change in leaf functional traits from acquisitive strategies to conservative strategies, both among and within species. Symphonia species are genetically adapted to the distribution of water and nutrients, hence they coexist locally through exploiting a broad gradient of local habitats. Conversely, Eschweilera species are differentially adapted to soil chemistry and avoid the wettest, hydromorphic habitats. Last but not least, individual tree genotypes of Symphonia species are differentially adapted to regenerate and thrive in response to the fine spatio-temporal dynamics of forest gaps with divergent adaptive growth strategies along successional niches. Consequently, topography and the dynamics of forest gaps drive fine-scale spatio-temporal adaptations of individuals within and among distinct but genetically connected species within the species complexes Symphonia and Eschweilera clade Parvifolia. Fine-scale topography drives genetic divergence and niche differentiation with genetic adaptations among species, while forest gap dynamics maintains genetic diversity with divergent adaptive strategies within species. I suggest that adaptations of tree species and individuals to topography and dynamics of forest gaps promote coexistence within and among species within species complexes, and perhaps among mature forest tree species outside species complexes. Overall, I defend the primordial role of individuals within species in tropical forest diversity, suggesting that we should develop a theory of community ecology starting with individuals, because interactions with environments happen after all at the individual level
Guyot, Virginie. "Rôle de la diversité des arbres dans la régulation des populations d’insectes défoliateurs en forêts matures d’Europe." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/14458/1/guyot_partie_1_sur_2_2.pdf.
Full textSenterre, Bruno. "Recherches méthodologiques pour la typologie de la végétation et la phytogéographie des forêts denses d'Afrique tropicale." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210954.
Full textII. Field data consisted in phytosociological homogeneous sample plots localized within different recognized phytogeographical entities, in a region of tropical Africa where these entities are known to be well conserved. A total of 37 such plots were inventoried in the region extending from the littoral forests of Ndoté, Equatorial Guinea, which are wet evergreen forests, to the continental forests of the Dja, Cameroon, known as evergreen seasonal forests. The studied region also included the oriental Atlantic forests of Equatorial Guinea, known as moist evergreen forests or caesalp forests. In various parts of this continentality gradient, some plots were localized within climax non-zonal formations, namely the submontane rain forests. The emphasis was put on the vegetation of the Monte Alén National Park.
The sampling methodology was willing to be as "complete ", including all strata, "quantitative ", enumerating all individuals, and "representative ", within each stratum, as possible. These multi-layers plots were realised using nested sub-plots, with a sampling size of 100 individuals for every ligneous stratum recognized (dominant trees, dominated trees and shrubs) and a sampling size of 200m² for the herbaceous and suffrutex stratum.
Forest types were defined independently for each stratum and the differences were analysed. A method was proposed for the simultaneous analysis of all floristic data, converting and standardizing the values from ligneous strata, on the one hand, and from understorey strata, on the other hand.
III. Ten forest types were described using IndVal and discussed in the general context of the guineo-congolian region, from a syntaxonomic view point (agglomerative classification) and from a phytogeographical view point (divisive classification). Homologies between these two approaches are described. The proposed phytogeographical system is based on an "open " conception of hierarchical classifications, combining advantages of agglomerative and divisive classifications. In concrete terms, the non-zonal criteria, for example the submontane variants, are categorised separately and in analogy with the zonal criteria, related to the usual phytochoria.
Analysis of ecological relationships for the 10 communities showed that the main variables related to the floristic variability in our mainland rain forests are elevation, rainfall, hygrometry (estimated using bryophytes cover levels) and distance to the ocean. The two extremes on the vertical microclimatic gradient, dominant trees stratum and herbaceous stratum, give similar typologies, however canonical analysis showed that for the herbaceous layer, non-zonal variables (hygrometry and elevation) were gaining more importance when the influence of the two zonal variables was attenuated. In every case, spatial autocorrelation was less important than the environment in explaining floristic variability but its role increased in the spatial arrangement of understorey species, whose dispersal capacity is generally lower than canopy trees. The phytosociological, phytogeographical and ecological description of forest types is accompanied by a physiognomical description using biological types spectrum, as well as architectural models, leaf sizes, etc.
With regard to diversity, we have demonstrated that species richness was higher from upper to lower strata because of the accumulation in lower strata of species from various strata. On the other hand, the proper stratum diversity, i.e. the structural set, decreased from dominant trees to shrubs. The proper diversity of the herb layer showed relatively high figures mainly due to the higher individual density in relation to the existence of microstrata. Within the 37 sample plots, 1,050 taxa have been identified to species or morpho-species levels, for a total of 25,750 individuals. These taxa represent 442 genus among 104 families. The richest forest type is found on the foothills of the Niefang range, on the windward side. This forest type is also characterised by a high number of oligotypic genus and by species belonging to functional types indicators of glacial refuges. These functional types are defined on the basis of the dispersal capacity and on kind of stand needed for effective germination. We formulated the hypothesis that this kind of "foothills refuge ", characterised by his zonal nature, could have been one of the rare refuges for species from mainland rain forests, while montane and fluvial refuges would mainly have preserved species from non-zonal forest types: (sub)montane and riverine.
Based on indicator species of submontane forests, a potential distribution map of this forest type has been realised at the Atlantic central African scale. More than 400 submontane forest localities have been mapped. These forests begin at 400m of altitude near the ocean, and progressively at higher altitude for increasing distance to the ocean. Many lowland localities also comprised submontane species, which could indicate the existence of ecological transgressions. These transgressions would allow migratory tracks for submontane species between isolated mountain ranges, not only during glacial periods, through heights at the northern and southern borders of the congo basin, but also contemporarily through the lowland riverine forest network, in the centre of this basin. Finally, a special attention has been attributed to littoral forests and to some cases of choroecological transgressions, coupled to the ecological equalization phenomenon.
Doctorat en sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Boulanger, Vincent. "Pression d'herbivorie et dynamique des communautés végétales : Influence à court et moyen termes des populations de cervidés sur la diversité des communautés végétales en forêt." Phd thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00518080.
Full textWafa, Jalal. "Suivi à moyen terme des impacts écologiques des feux et des coupes forestières sur la communauté zooplanctonique des lacs de l'écozone boréale." Thèse, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17046.
Full textBoivin, Frédéric. "Est-ce que la position et l'espèce des voisins comptent? : une comparaison d'indices de compétition dans des peuplements âgés de huit à quinze ans de la forêt boréale mixte." Mémoire, 2010. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2854/1/M11366.pdf.
Full textZhai, Lihong. "Variation intra-annuelle de la formation du bois, du développement de la pousse et des feuilles de trois espèces majeures dans la forêt boréale." Mémoire, 2009. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2365/1/M10995.pdf.
Full textBen, Abdallah Skander. "Essais sur l'approche des options réelles appliquée à la gestion et l'exploitation des ressources naturelles." Thèse, 2009. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2477/1/D1858.pdf.
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