Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Espectrofotometría por absorción atómica'
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Macha, Manhualaya Eder. "Determinación de cadmio, arsénico y plomo por espectrofotometría de absorción atómica en aguas de pozo de Castillo Grande - Tingo María, julio - setiembre 2019." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/11630.
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Caballero, Huarcaya Carlos Alberto, and Hilario Peggi Diana Santos. "Evaluación química toxicológica de plomo (Pb) por el método espectrofotométrico de absorción atómica, en lápices de colores y crayones, usados por niños menores de 6 años de edad." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/12659.
Full textExpone información importante acerca de la toxicidad del plomo en el organismo, formas de eliminación, y la metodología utilizada para la cuantificación del plomo en las muestras de Lápices de Colores y Crayolas. El contenido de plomo en los útiles de escritorio genera toxicidad en aquellos niños o personas que suelen llevarse a la boca estos objetos (hábito de “pica”) causando deficiencia en su desarrollo como por ejemplo: retardo intelectual. Por esta razón se recomienda realizar monitoreos periódicos para controlar su distribución y comercialización. En el presente trabajo se determinó la concentración de plomo en lápices de colores y crayolas adquiridos en el Mercado Central de Lima, durante los meses de febrero, marzo y abril del año del 2012. La cuantificación de plomo se realizó por Espectrofotometría de absorción atómica a la Flama, según el ensayo de migración de metales solubles, este ensayo consiste en la determinación de la concentración de ciertos metales, procedentes de una pintura, barniz o pigmentos, que se solubilizan en una disolución similar al ácido gástrico que produce el estómago de una persona durante la digestión. Encontrándose un nivel promedio de plomo en lápices de colores de matices amarillo, rojo y verde; de 53,5 ppm (mg/kg) y un promedio de plomo en lápices de cera de matices amarillo, rojo y verde; de 41,5 ppm (mg/kg). De las 127 muestras analizadas (lápices de colores y lápices de cera), 23 muestras dieron lecturas, de estos valores solo 2 se encuentran fuera del límite permisible de 90 mg/kg de material dado por el Reglamento de la Ley Nº 28376 “Ley que prohíbe y sanciona la fabricación, importación, distribución y comercialización de juguetes y útiles de escritorio tóxicos o peligrosos”.
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Zegarra, Pisconti Marixa Josefa. "Preconcentración y estudios de recuperación de Cu(II), Pb(II) y Zn(II) con el intercambiador catiónico PS-DVB-SO3H y el surfactante Tritón X-114 para sus determinaciones cuantitativas a nivel de trazas por espectrofotometría de absorción atómica (EAAF)." Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/8278.
Full textDiseña dos métodos de preconcentración de Cu(II), Pb(II) y Zn (II) por dos técnicas diferentes: con la resina de intercambio catiónica PS-DVB-SO3H, sin agentes acomplejantes y con el surfactante no iónico Tritón X-114 y el análisis, en ambos casos, por absorción atómica con flama (EAAF). La EAAF en la actualidad es un método con limitaciones a niveles de ppm, sin embargo con la ayuda de los métodos de preconcentración, muestras de bajas concentraciones puedes ser analizadas por esta técnica analítica. Para el estudio con la resina de intercambio se estableció el tiempo óptimo de intercambio monitoreando la variación de pH contra el tiempo, estableciendo como 15 minutos el tiempo adecuado para asegurar un completo intercambio de iones. Para el estudio con el surfactante no iónico se optimizaron variables generales para los tres elementos como la solubilidad de la ditizona, el porcentaje y temperatura óptimos del surfactante, mientras que el pH fue una variable que se optimizó particularmente debido a que la estabilidad del complejo depende del pH. Los resultados mostraron que ambas técnicas de preconcentración son una alternativa a los métodos tradicionales, con porcentajes de recuperación arriba del 85%. Se puede resaltar que con el surfactante Tritón X-114 se obtienen porcentajes de recuperación algo mejores para el cobre y plomo. En el caso del zinc los resultados son equiparables en concentraciones por XI encima de 0,10 ppm con una ligera ventaja de la resina con una DRP de hasta 2.46%.
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Cedano, Villanueva Karina, and Castellares Lisseth Requena. "Estudio toxicológico de los niveles de concentración de cadmio, magneso y plomo, en sangre y/u orina en personas expuestas en las Avs. Abancay y Alfonso Ugarte de la ciudad de Lima." Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Programa Cybertesis PERÚ, 2007. http://www.cybertesis.edu.pe/sisbib/2007/requena_cl/html/index-frames.html.
Full textDuring February and March of 2005, we study the concentration of cadmium (in blood), lead (in blood) and manganesium (in urine) in a whole of 72 persons between ambulant polishers of footwears, watchmen, sellers of newspapers, sellers of counter and residents of Avenue Abancay y A. Ugarte which exposed to the pollution or exhibition of the toxic gases of the automobile park . The method used for the quantification of cadmiun, lead and manganesium were : cadmium in blood (Atomic absorption spectrophotometry by graphite oven); lead in blood (Atomic absorption spectrophotometry by flame) and manganesium in urine (Atomic absorption spectrophotometry by graphite oven). There were realized surveys that shown that in the persons exposed incidentally there is a shallow knowledge of the toxicity of cadmium, lead and magnesium, for procedure was the accomplishment of informative chats of speechesof and prophylactic measurements. The obtained results indicate that, the concentration average: Avenue Abancay of cadmium in blood is 8.25 ug/L, manganesium in urine is 157, 32 ug/L and of lead in blood is 26,08 ug/dL. Avenue A. Ugarte, the concentration average of cadmium in blood is 8.29 ug/L, manganesium in urine is 143,82 ug/L and lead in blood is 24,34ug/dL. These results for cadmium and lead don’t surpass permissible limit according by OMS (cadmium in blood 10 ug/L and lead in blood 40 ug/dL), so the concentration average of manganesium in urine surpass permissible limit according by OMS(manganesium in urine is 40ug/L). The above mentioned results demostrate the need to do a follow-up and constant control of level of cadmium, lead and magnesium in blood and/or urine of the incidentally exposed population
Acuña, Ruiz Víctor Andrés. "Determinación espectrofotométrica de plomo (II) con ditizona en solución micelar aniónica." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/3421.
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Graza, Evaristo Franklin Wilfredo, and Pozo Ronal Quispe. "Determinación de Pb, Cd, As en aguas del río Santa en El Pasivo Minero Ambiental de Recuay, Ticapampa; Recuay – Ancash." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/4205.
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Alarcón, Morán Santiago Miguel Angel. "Determinación de cobre y acidez en agua potable mediante espectrofotometría de absorción atómica y potenciometría, y su relación con el cobre libre en sistemas intradomiciliarios de agua potable en Lima Metropolitana." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/3660.
Full text--- In Puente Piedra, San Martín de Porres and Miraflores districts the level of copper and pH was evaluated in 30 water samples obtained from the tap from each place analyzed in order to verify whether copper was within the permissible limits given by Regulation of Water Quality for Human Consumption, the NTP (Standard Technical Peruvian) N° 214.003 and WHO (World Health Organization), it was decided to select copper because of its little or no sanitary control in water for human consumption. This study was carry out taking 30 samples of water for human consumption as follows: 10 samples from Puente Piedra, 10 samples from San Martín de Porres and 10 samples from Miraflores; it was quantified by atomic absorption spectrophotometry flame, and the pH was measured by the potentiometric method. It was found that the concentration of copper ion was not detectable in samples from the three districts, indicating that no exceed permissible levels given by the Regulation of Water Quality for Human Consumption (2 mg Cu / L), the Standard Technical Peruvian N° 214.003 (1 mg Cu / L) and the World Health Organization (2 mg Cu / L). The pH arithmetic average of samples from Puente Piedra, San Martín de Porres and Miraflores were 7,730, 7,543 and 7,453, respectively. It values are within the maximum range recommended by the Regulations of the Water Quality for Human Consumption (pH 6,5 – 8,5), and the Standard Technical Peruvian N° 214.003 (pH 6,5 – 8,5). Keywords: water for human consumption, copper concentration.
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López, Mariluz Percy Yaque. "Tratamiento estadístico a los datos obtenidos en la determinación de plomo en alimentos liofilizados, por la técnica de absorción atómica, vía horno de grafito." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2006. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/2116.
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Huanri, Pacotaype Jesús Emanuel. "Determinación de plomo y arsénico en jugo de caña de azúcar (Saccharum officinarum) por espectroscopía de absorción atómica en Lima Metropolitana." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/3726.
Full textIn the present investigation the concentrations of arsenic and lead were determined in the "cane juice" (Saccharum officinarum) in the districts of El Agustino, Rímac, Lima Cercado, La Victoria, San Juan de Lurigancho in the months from November to December 2013. The method used for the determination of arsenic by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy hydride generator and atomic absorption graphite furnace for lead, because it is the method of choice as current bibliographies, for the determination of metals in different types of samples acceptability is due to their specificity, sensitivity and ease of operation. Samples were collected on 5 more populous districts of Lima; El Agustino, Rímac, Lima Cercado, La Victoria, San Juan de Lurigancho which avenues congested and high burden of air pollution and soil, which is related to the increased pedestrian traffic and vehicular were selected according to management urban transport of the Municipality of Metropolitan Lima turn samples were collected in two hours; the first gathering was at 10:00 am and after 6:00 pm, the analyzes were performed in the Chemical Services Unit Tests (USAQ) School of chemistry and chemical engineering (FQIQ) National University Mayor de San Marcos (San Marcos). An average of 29.23 ppb arsenic (µg /L) was obtained. In the case of lead 446.10 average ppb (µg /L) was obtained. The average concentration of arsenic at 10:00 am was not detectable or < 1 ppb (µg /L) and at 6:00 pm was 53.16 ppb (µg /L) with a standard deviation of σ=136.85. In determining lead the analysis of the sample taken at 10:00 am the average concentration was 363.61 ppb (µg /L) with a standard deviation of σ=275.29 and at 6:00 pm was 513.59 ppb (µg /L) with a σ=standard deviation of 340.63. It is concluded that arsenic concentrations do not exceed the maximum permissible limits (MPL) as World Health Organization (WHO), UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and Codex Alimentarius is 200 ppb but in the case of lead limits exceed the maximum permissible values according to WHO, FAO and Codex Alimentarius is 100 ppb and in turn it is concluded that the concentrations of lead and arsenic increase the longer the time of exposure to the environment. More interest by health authorities, in turn sellers promote health awareness in the stages of production of “cane juice". Keywords: Saccharum oficcinarum, World Health Organization (WHO), Codex Alimentarius, concentration limits, atomic absorption spectroscop
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Oriundo, Guarda Cristian Felipe, and Gomero Jhon Tibor Robles. "Determinación de plomo en suelos debido a la contaminación por fábricas aledañas al Asentamiento Humano Cultura y Progreso del distrito de Ñaña-Chaclacayo." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2009. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/1636.
Full text-- Lead is a metal distributed in the environment. The environment pollution comes from mainly of tetraethyl lead from gasoline and of the diverse emissions of industrial processes where to take part compounds of lead. In this present job of investigation it was determinates the polluted concentration of lead in soils of 21 houses from the Human Settlement Cultura y Progreso in the district of Ñaña - Chaclacayo during the month of February of 2006. The sampling method used was the recommended by EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) and the methodology for the analysis of the samples was the Spectrophotometry of Atomic Absorption of graphite Furnace. It exists a direct relation between the lead concentration in soil and roof of the houses and distance with the nearby factories; samples were taken in 3 blocks near to some factories, the block more nearly to the factories presented a higher vakue of lead concentration and the block farthest presented a lower value of lead concentration respect to the others 2. The results obtained indicate that 90.24% of the samples analyzed exceed the limit value established for the W.H.O. which is 25 mg/Kg in soil. For this reason is recommended to do periodical monitoring of lead contamination in soils for controlling its emption and toxicity in the environment.
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Castro, Pillaca Carol Cinthia, and Siuce Fernando Sobrado. "Detección y cuantificación de plomo en muestras de sangre venosa de escolares de 12 a 17 años de la urbanización La Primavera del distrito del Agustino mediante el método de espectrofotometría de absorción atómica." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2010. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/1499.
Full text-- In the present study was realized the determination of the levels of lead in blood of a population of 40 teenagers from 12 to 17 years of age, who deal secondary education in the college " Toribio Rodríguez of Mendoza " of the Urb. La Primavera of the District of El Agustino, being this geographical nearness motivate of accomplishment of the study, for being a pollution source of lead. Likewise the hemoglobin was quantified to determine his correlation with the exhibition to the above mentioned metal. The quantification of lead was realized by means of the Atomic Absorption Espectrophotometry with Graphite Furnace, and the Hemoglobin dosage was realized for Cianometahemoglobin Method. The fol owing results were found: average of 2,89 ug of lead/dL of blood, this level is mentioned like normal y according to the WHO (for teenagers 12-year-old major until to 40ug/dL) and a average of 12,73 g/dL for the hemoglobin concentration -- Key Words: Blood Lead Levels, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry with Graphite Furnace, Determination of Hemoglobin, Cianometahemoglobin Method.
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Flores, Espinoza Edwin Robert, and Bobadilla Javier Eduardo Pérez. "Determinación de arsénico, por absorción atómica, en agua de consumo humano proveniente de SEDAPAL, de cisterna y de pozo del distrito de Puente Piedra." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2009. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/1638.
Full text-- In the district of Puente Piedra assessed exposure levels of contamination of arsenic, in particular because it is a district with little health control over the quality of drinking water. To carry out this study were taken 38 samples of drinking water, 13 were from SEDAPAL, 13 water tankers and 12 water wells, and we used the spectrophotometric method with graphite furnace atomic absorption. It was found that the average concentration arsenic of total samples from SEDAPAL was 9.13 μg As/L and total samples from Tank was 5.04 mg As/L which does not exceed the maximum permissible concentration given by the NTP 214.003.87 (50 µg As/L) and the World Health Organization (10 µg As/L). It also found that the average concentration of arsenic in drinking water from wells was 22,40 μg As/L, which is above the allowable limit set by the World Health Organization (WHO) and below the permissible limit set by the NTP 214.003.87. It is noted that 100% of the samples exceeded the permissible limit set by WHO. It is recommended that such studies in other states of Lima in order to monitor water quality for human consumption that caters to the residents.
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Antay, Utani José Carlos, and Marin Alonso Saire. "Cuantificación de plomo en sangre y protoporfirina zinc eritrocitaria en trabajadores de empresas de servicio de fotocopiado que funcionan en el campus universitario de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/3833.
Full text--- During the 2013 the lead concentration in the blood and erythrocyte protopophyrin zinc was studied in a total of 25 people who worked in photocopiers companies at San Marcos National University Campus, who were constantly exposed to fotocopyng machine´s toner. The methods used in order to measure the quantity of lead in the blood were the atomic absorption spectrophotometry by Graphite Furnace, erythrocyte protopophyrin zinc by Spectrofluorometry. Surveys came to light an incipient understanding of lead toxicity so we did informative talks on prevention and prophylactic measures. The average results of blood lead was 0,056 µg/dL, and protoporphyrin zinc was 31,2 µg/dL. These results indicate that the average blood lead levels do not exceed the permissible limits (20 µg/dL). The protoporphyrin levels don´t either (80 µg/dL). These results show the need for continuous monitoring and control of blood lead level in a greater number of exposed populations. KEY WORDS: lead, blood lead, erythrocyte protopophyrin zinc, exposed population, atomic absorption spectrophotometry, spectrofluorometry.
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Chávez, López Jeanneth Rosario. "Determinación de niveles de cadmio, plomo, arsénico, níquel y cromo en cigarrillos con filtro que son expedidos en Lima Metropolitana por el método de espectrometría de absorción atómica." Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/10966.
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Gonzales, Poveda Luis Alberto, and Fernández Johél Osorio. "Determinación espectrofotométrica por absorción atómica de la concentración de cadmio y arsénico en aguas de consumo humano de la comunidad urbana de Chuquitanta - distrito de San Martín de Porres." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/3844.
Full text--- The present research was conducted the first months in 2013, we determined the grade of contamination with cadmium and arsenic in drinking water from storage water reservoirs of SEDAPAL, in the Chuquitanta Urban Community - San Martin de Porres district, which is distributed to the public through tanker trucks carrying water to homes for human consumption. Finally this water is stored in plastic cylinders houses mostly for later use. The maximum permissible limits set by the World Health Organization (2006) and Regulatory of Water Quality Drinking Peru (2010), indicated for cadmium was: 0,003 mg/L and arsenic was: 0,01 mg/L. In water samples from storage water reservoirs of SEDAPAL, it was determined the average concentration of cadmium that was: 0,00417 mg/L and arsenic that was: 0,00127 mg/L.; in water samples from tanker trucks was determined the average concentration of cadmium that was: 0,00439 mg/L and arsenic that was: 0,00121 mg/L; in water samples from plastic cylinders of houses were determined the average concentration of cadmium that was: 0,00108 mg/L and arsenic that was: 0,00167 mg/L. These results have shown that the concentration of cadmium exceeded the maximum permissible limits in the central reservoirs of SEDAPAL and tankers trucks, both water consumption modalities, indicated a risk of chronic intoxication and severe health for the population. Key words: Arsenic, Cadmium, Tanker, SEDAPAL reservoirs, tanker trucks, maximum permissible limits.
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