Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Espectroscopia de prótons'
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Souza, Andrea Silveira de. ""Espectroscopia de prótons na demência de Alzheimer e no comprometimento cognitivo"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5142/tde-12042006-090739/.
Full textWe studied the findings of proton spectroscopy of the posterior parietal-cingulate cortex, and of MMSE, BRDS and FAST scales in subjects with Alzheimer disease - AD, amnestic mild cognitive impairment - MCI-A and normal controls - NC. Only NAA/Cr and MI/NAA differentiated (p < 0.002) the AD and NC groups. Significant correlation was found between NAA/Cr and MI/NAA with BRDS (total score - TS; everyday activities - EA) and FAST scales, and between MI/NAA and MMSE. Specificity increased in 5% (NC x AD; NC x MCI-A) and diagnostic accuracy in 2.4% (NC x AD) and 3.4% (NC x MCI-A) when NAA/Cr and MI/NAA ratios were added up to BRDS (TS & EA) and FAST scales, increasing MCI-A and AD detectability
Ramin, Sergio Luiz. "Espectroscopia de prótons por ressonância magnética: aplicação clínica em pacientes com lesões encefálicas focais." Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, 2003. http://bdtd.famerp.br/handle/tede/210.
Full textProton magnetic resonance spectroscopy is an noninvasive method that allows the detection of metabolic and biochemical detection of areas of the brain. This investigation focused on the clinical applications of proton MR spectroscopy in patients with focal brain lesions, considering the possibility of differentiate the normal brain tissue of pathological, neoplasic of non-neoplasic disorders, brain neoplasms to each other and similar lesions identified by the magnetic resonance imaging. A total of 308 proton magnetic resonance spectroscopies in 287 patients with focal brain lesions, 147 (51.2%) males and 140 (48.8%) females, was divided into three groups: Group I - 169 exams of patients with brain neoplasic; Group II - 58 exams of patients with non-neoplasic focal brain lesions, and Group III - 32 exams of individuals without lesions. Single voxel proton MR spectroscopy with echo time 136 ms was the method used. The qualitative analysis of the peaks of metabolites N-acetyl aspartate (Naa - 2,0 ppm), creatine (Cr - 3,0 ppm) and choline (Cho - 3,2ppm), expressed in graph, and quantitative by means of the calculation of the ratios Naa/Cr, Co/Cr and Co/Naa through height measurement of the peaks in the graph. The statistical analysis included Kruskal-Wallis test and principal component analysis. In most of spectroscopies performed in patients of Group I, there was an accentuated increase of Cho peak and reduction of Naa; in Group II slight increase of Cho and decrease of Naa was observed, while in the individuals of Group III Naa was the larger peak, corresponding to the double of the height of the Cho and Cr peaks. Lipids (0.9 and 1.3 ppm), that generally indicate necrosis, was detected more usually in malignant neoplasms (multiforme glioblastoma and metastases) and inflammatory process by toxoplasmosis. Aminoacids (0.9 ppm inverted) were detected only in pyogenic abscesses. Median values of Naa/Cr, Co/Cr and Cho/Naa ratios in Group I were 0.75, 3.00, and 4.00; 1.13, 1.20, and 0.92 in Group II; and 2.00, 0.76, and 0.40 in group III, respectively. With the ratios studied, it was possible differentiate significantly the three groups (p<0.001). The clinical application of the proton MR spectroscopy is useful to the elucidation of the etiological diagnosis of focal brain lesions. Metabolic pattern obtained by proton spectroscopy is distinct between normal brain tissue and pathological, occurring significant difference between neoplasic of non-neoplasic disorders. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy contribute to differentiate focal brain lesions similar to the magnetic resonance imaging exam.
A espectroscopia de prótons por ressonância magnética é um método não invasivo que possibilita a detecção de alterações metabólicas e bioquímicas de áreas do encéfalo. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a aplicação clínica da espectroscopia de prótons por ressonância magnética em pacientes com lesões encefálicas focais, considerando-se a possibilidade de diferenciar tecido encefálico normal do patológico, lesões neoplásicas de não neoplásicas, neoplasias encefálicas entre si e lesões similares identificadas pela imagem por ressonância magnética. Foram estudados prospectivamente 308 exames de espectroscopia de prótons por ressonância magnética em 287 pacientes com lesões encefálicas focais, sendo 147 do sexo masculino (51,2%) e 140 do feminino (48,8%). Os exames foram divididos em três grupos: Grupo I - 169 exames de pacientes com neoplasias encefálicas; Grupo II - 58 exames de pacientes com lesões encefálicas focais não neoplásicas e Grupo III - 32 exames como grupo controle. Para realização da espectroscopia de prótons por RM foi utilizado o método single voxel com tempo de eco de 136 ms. Foram feitas análises qualitativa do comportamento dos picos dos metabólitos N-acetilaspartato (Naa - 2,0 ppm), creatina (Cr - 3,0ppm) e colina (Co - 3,2 ppm), expressos em gráfico, e quantitativa por meio do cálculo das razões Naa/Cr Co/Cr e Co/Naa, efetuado com base na amplitude do pico. A análise estatística incluiu teste de Kruskal-Wallis e análise de componentes principais. Na maioria das espectroscopias feitas em pacientes do Grupo I, houve aumento acentuado do pico de Co e redução do pico de Naa, nos exames do grupo II, leve aumento Co e redução de Naa, enquanto nos indivíduos do Grupo III nos exames o pico de Naa sempre foi o maior, correspondendo ao dobro da altura dos picos de Co e Cr. O metabólito lipídios (0,9 e 1,3 ppm), que geralmente indica necrose, foi detectado mais comumente em neoplasias malignas (glioblastoma multiforme e metástases) e processo inflamatório por toxoplasmose. Os aminoácidos (0,9 ppm invertido) foram detectados exclusivamente em abscessos piogênicos. Os valores das medianas das razões Naa/Cr, Co/Cr e Co/Naa nos exames dos pacientes do grupo I foram 0,75, 3,00 e 4,00; no grupo II 1,13, 1,20 e 0,92 e no grupo III 2,00, 0,76 e 0,40, respectivamente. Com as razões estudadas, foi possível diferenciar significantemente os três grupos (p<0,001). A aplicação clínica da espectroscopia de prótons por ressonância magnética é útil para a elucidação do diagnóstico etiológico de lesões encefálicas focais. O padrão metabólico obtido pela espectroscopia de prótons é distinto entre tecido encefálico normal e patológico, havendo também diferença significante entre lesões neoplásicas e não neoplásicas. A espectroscopia de prótons por ressonância magnética contribui para diferenciar lesões encefálicas focais similares ao exame de imagem por ressonância magnética
de, Fátima Viana Vasco Aragão Maria. "Espectroscopia de prótons por ressonância magnética na avaliação da graduação histológica dos astrocitomas encefálicos." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2006. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/9106.
Full textO objetivo foi revisar as principais aplicações da espectroscopia de prótons por ressonância magnética (1H+ ERM) associada à imagem por ressonância magnética (IRM), na avaliação dos astrocitomas encefálicos, enfatizando seu desempenho na graduação tumoral, segundo os critérios da Organização Mundial de Saúde. Foram selecionados 54 artigos, publicados no período de 1973 a 2005, a partir dos bancos de dados do Centro Latino-Americano e do Caribe de Informação em Ciências da Saúde (BIREME), Medline, Cochrane e American Society of Neuroradiology (ASNR), além de cinco livros, publicados no período de 1999 a 2004. A revisão abordou a graduação dos astrocitomas encefálicos, caracterizando suas diferenças epidemiológicas e os problemas técnicos envolvidos nessa graduação, tanto na histopatologia como na radiologia. Também apresentou a IRM e a H+ ERM que avalia a bioquímica encefálica como métodos complementares para auxiliar na graduação dos astrocitomas, enfatizando a evolução histórica dos critérios adotados. Por fim, foram explicadas as atuais aplicações da 1H+ ERM associada à IRM, na avaliação dos astrocitomas encefálicos, incluindo: a graduação, a orientação para biópsia, o planejamento radioterápico e cirúrgico, a diferenciação entre tumor primário e secundário e a distinção entre astrocitoma residual ou recorrente e radionecrose
Raffin, Luciana Sanchez. "Avaliação das lesões císticas da neurocisticercose na difusão e espectroscopia de prótons pela ressonância magnética." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5138/tde-13102014-110344/.
Full textPURPOSE: The objective of this study is to describe the signal behavior of cystic neurocysticercotic lesions on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and single voxel proton spectroscopy findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 38 patients (39 lesions) with neurocysticercosis, using diffusion-weighted images and proton MR spectroscopy. The examinations were performed on a 1.5 T scanner (Signa Horizon LX: GE Medical Systems). DWI was performed in the axial plane, using a multisection single shot echo planar pulse sequence. The single voxel proton spectroscopy technique used was the point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) sequence with a TR of 1500 ms, short and long TE of 30/135 ms. RESULTS: The cysts presented similar signal intensity to the CSF on DWI, with comparable ADC values, ranging from 1.36 to 3.18 x 10-3 mm2/s. The detectable peaks were lactate (96.3%), succinate (48%), alanine (40%), lipids (15%), cytosolic amino acids (7.5%) and acetate (3.7%). CONCLUSION: The cysts of neurocysticercosis presented hyposignal on DWI and peaks of lactate, succinate, alanine, lipids, cytosolic amino acids and acetate in proton spectroscopy, in decreasing order of frequency
Lara, Alessandro Luiz de. "Espectroscopia do núcleo 23Mg acima do limiar de decaimento de prótons com interesse para astrofísica nuclear." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-05122018-142655/.
Full textThe knowledge of the nuclear reactions that take place inside the stars allows to study how the evolution of this star will be and the relations of abundance between the isotopes of some elements. In some cases the detection of trace elements can be useful to infer about the occurrence of explosive events, as novae and the supernovae. One of these elements is the 22Na, whose abundance depends on the proton capture reaction 22Na(p, ?)23Mg. The gamma radiation photon with energy 1.275 MeV emitted by 22Na may be a novae type event indicator. Thus, the study of the resonance states of 23Mg is important to understand the mechanism of reaction and determine the 22Na abundance. The nucleus of 23Mg still participate in the cycle NeNa in the AGB phase of the evolution of average stars. With this motivation, we propose to study the spectroscopy of the 23Mg by the 24Mg(3He, 4He)23Mg neutron transfer reaction, whose experimental data were obtained in the Tandem-Orsay facility (France), using the 3He beam of energy 25 MeV. The resonances of interest for this work are in the range of 7.5 MeV up to 9.5 MeV, above the decay threshold for protons. The resonance states of 23Mg were obtained with the interaction of the beam with the natMg target, and the 4He particles were analyzed in a Split-pole spectrograph. The position spectra were then calibrated in magnetic rigidity by means of a second-order polynomial function. The effects of the contaminants were analyzed by converting the spectra into excitation energy, in which it was possible to separate the states 7.586, 7.648, (7.782 e 7.786), 7.855, 8.076, 8.163, 8.420, 8.453, 8.943 e 8.990 MeV of 23Mg. Finally we present a qualitative discussion of the angular distribution for some states and we discuss the possibilities for the future.
Vedolin, Leonardo Modesti. "Ressonância magnética cerebral e espectroscopia de prótons por ressonância magnética na investigação de pacientes com mucopolissacaridose." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/10737.
Full textThe mucopolysaccharidosis are a group of lysosomal diseases characterized by enzymatic deficiency which leads incomplete degradation of glycosaminoglycans. Neurological expression varies according to each enzyme but mental compromise is characteristic of MPS III and the severe forms of MPS I, II and VII. Studies with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated that brain atrophy, white matter (WM) lesions and hydrocephalus are common in MPS patients. However, correlation among MRI, biochemical changes and severity of neurological deficit was not published so far. In addition, comparison between MR spectroscopy (MRS) and MRI is controversial. The purpose of this study was to analyze MRI and MRS findings in MPS patients. Sixty patients with MPS types I, II, IV and VI were evaluated with MRI and MRS. Results were compared with disease duration, biochemical changes and cognitive impairment. MRI exams were performed in high field MRI scanner (1.5 T). Patients with longer disease duration had more WM lesions. Brain atrophy and hydrocephalus were not affected by disease duration or patient´s age. Patients with MPS II and cognitive impairment had more brain atrophy, hydrocephalus, severe WM lesions and elevated myoinositol/creatine at MRS. These results can be useful to better understand the pathogenic process and to increase the applicability of MRI in the disease investigation.
Junior, Dionisio Azevedo. "Espectroscopia de prótons na doença de Alzheimer e no comprometimento cognitivo sem demência: avaliação de uma amostra da comunidade." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5142/tde-14032007-214421/.
Full textFor the description of the proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-ERM) data in Alzheimer´s disease (AD) and Cognitive Impairment Not Dementia (CIND) in a community set, subjects with AD (n=13), CIND (n=12) and normal control (n=15) were investigated. 1H-ERM was performance with single voxel (8 cm3) placed in temporal, parietal e occipital region and studied metabolites: N-acetylaspartate (NAA), creatine (Cr), choline (Cho) and myo-inositol (mI). NAA concentration was higher in control subjects than AD and intermediated level in CIND patients; mI was higher in patients with AD and CIND; Cho tended to be higher in AD and CIND. Metabolisms changes are present together the first cognitive deficits as showed by correlation between cognitive tests and 1H-ERM. Spectroscopy can be used in the diagnosis and follow-up of individuals with memory complain in the community set with the possibility of early diagnosis
Shibao, Simone. "Análise comparativa entre a dosagem do lactato no líquor e sua detecção atráves da espectroscopia de prótons por ressonância magnética." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5151/tde-24052010-170947/.
Full textINTRODUCTION: The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lactate biochemical dosage is a routine and a requisite procedure to evaluate and to monitor many neurological diseases, such as mitochondrial disease (MD). Patients with MD and central nervous system (CNS) involvement, usually show an increase of CSF lactate. Another choice to study the lactate instead of CSF biochemical dosage is the CSF magnetic resonance proton spectroscopy (SRM), a noninvasive technique, which can be employed as an adjunct tool with structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Our objective is to study the correlation between the CSF and blood lactate dosages and the SRM lactate quantification in patients under investigation for the MD encephalopathy. To our knowledge there is no report of similar studies in vivo in the literature. METHODS: 22 patients (aging 9 months to 20 years old) under investigation for MD encephalopathy were elected for this prospective study between November 2005 and December 2006. The lactate levels were analyzed by biochemical dosages in the CSF and blood serum. Brain MRI was performed for all patients and the lactate peak (LP) obtained from SRM was analyzed. All lactate level data obtained from the three different sources were compared. RESULTS: The statistical analysis demonstrated a correlation between the LP at SRM and the CSF lactate dosage (p=0.0001); no correlation was observed between the LP and the blood lactate (p=0.736) as well the blood lactate and CSF lactate (p=0.937). CONCLUSION: Our study showed correlation between the lactate level in the CSF biochemical dosage and the LP found on SRM. The CSF SRM is tangible technique and we recommend it to be applied in the daily clinical practice to evaluate suspicious and diagnosed CNS compromised ME patients.
Lucato, Leandro Tavares. "Análise comparativa entre as imagens convencionais de ressonância magnética do encéfalo e a espectroscopia de prótons na doença de Wilson." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5151/tde-17092014-094357/.
Full textWilson\'s disease (WD) is rare, with autossomal recessive inheritance, and an estimated prevalence of about 1 in 30,000 of the population, caused by an abnormality in copper\'s metabolism, which is located in the liver and which leads to a deposit of this metal first in the hepatocyte and in extrahepatic tissues (brain, cornea, kidneys and others) afterwards. The objectives of this work were: compare the findings of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in patients with WD to a control group in three locations (basal ganglia, frontal white matter and parieto-occipital cortex); make correlations between the degree of neurological impairment (measured by a score) and MRS in basal ganglia (BG); and make correlations between conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), measured also by a score, and MRS in BG. We evaluated 34 patients with WD (ages: 13-43 years) using multiplanar T1, T2 (spin echo and fast spin echo) and FLAIR-weighted sequences; and MRS in the above mentioned three areas of the brain, using STEAM (stimulated echo acquisition mode) technique, with a short echo time and in single voxel mode. The control group (n= 37, ages: 12-43 years) was submitted to basically the same protocol. The spectra were post-processed and the following ratios were obtained: NAA/Cr, Co/Cr, mI/Cr e Glx/Cr; the neurological score was made by attributing to the 13 signs and symptoms more frequently observed in WD a 0-3 grade, with a 0 to 39 variation; and the MRI score was calculated by ascribing 1 point to each structure presenting high signal in T2-weighted images, low signal in T2-weighted images and/or high signal in T1-weighted images, varying from 0 to 17. We compared the metabolites\' ratios studied in patients and controls\' MRS, and we observed that patients presented, in a statistically significant way: decrease of the NAA/Cr ratio in the three areas, indicating neuronal loss (NAA is a neuronal marker), although a reversible component of this ratio\'s decrease might coexist, related to a functional neuronal disturbance, without cellular death, mainly during the beginning of the treatment; increase of the mI/Cr ratio in BG, suggesting gliosis (mI is a glial marker) that is observed in pathological studies with respect to the BG in WD. We also observed an increase in the mean width of the peaks in BG, probably secondary to copper and iron deposition that occurs in these structures, observed in WD. We tried to establish correlations between the BG ratios, specially NAA/Cr and mI/Cr, and the patients\' neurological scores, and we found no statistically significant correlation. An attempt was made also in obtaining correlations between these ratios and MRI scores, and we found only a weak, although statistically significant, correlation between mI/Cr ratio and MRI score, probably residing in the fact that this ratio can be considered a gliosis marker, and the MRI score analyses structures with high signal in T2-weighted images that at least partially correspond to areas presenting gliosis. So, we noticed that MRS clearly demonstrated biochemical alterations in WD patients when compared to controls; and that a significant correlation, although weak, was found concerning MRI and MRS in BG (mI/Cr ratio), possibly because both, at least partially, changed in response to gliosis that is observed in the BG in WD
Silva, Fatima Aparecida das Chagas. "Estudos de processos prototrópicos em sistemas vítreos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46135/tde-11012007-225304/.
Full textH+ transfer processes in SiO2 glasses, from photoacids as piranine (POH), were assigned to the presence of residual water in the gel. In these experiments the effects due to the buffer basic species (HPO4=) were however not investigated. The understanding on how prototropic reactions are mediated in solid media and how the activity of Brönsted acid and base pairs participates in the transfer is the subject of the present study. Questions as: Does the H+ diffuse freely through the gel? Do the buffer species interacts directly with the H+ donors, or water is needed to intermediate the transfer? Is there a threshold in the water content? are here discussed. H+ transfer from POH was studied in monoliths derived from the acid hydrolysis of TEOS having varying concentrations of phosphate buffer (initial conditions Si : H2O 1:16.5). The extent of H+ transfer is determined by monitoring the fluorescence intensity due to the excited base (%PO-*) once this emission arises from the H+ transfer reaction. In these experiments gels were prepared in the absence and presence of phosphate buffer. Up to ~ 12 days an increase in H+ transfer is observed for all conditions. It is also found the increase in buffer concentration parallels the extent of reaction. At very short time the relatively low H+ transfer activity is due to the presence of ETOH (hydrolysis of TEOS), which as the systems age are lixiviated together with water from the gel. After this initial aging, those gels having high buffer concentrations (50 and 250 mM) show a leveled activity, the other gels show a decrease in H+ transfer. At the final stages ~ 50 days the gels lost around 80% of its mass, but in the final gel residual water still amounts to Si:H2O 1:7. In order to further exploit the buffer activity, \"dry\" mixtures of KH2PO4 and K2HPO4 in proportions to pHapp = 6.0 were grinded and dried and the photoacidity of 2-naphtol (NOH) were investigated. Clearly at low water contents no reaction is observed and only the emission due to the NOH* appears (yem = 345 nm), addition step by step of H2O is followed by an increase in the emission at 413 nm, due to the basic form (NO-*). In this situation the threshold water concentration is around Xw = 0.44. By other hand for POH the threshold water for H+ transfer is Xw = 0.13. POH and NOH have excited state pKa\'s (pKa*) of 0.5 and 3.0, respectively. In this study the activity of photoacids in solid media is shown to be dependent on pKa*, on the concentration of basic species and of a threshold water content.
Gutiérrez, Francis Bringas. "Medidas de seções de choque de reações nucleares utilizando prótons com energias menores que 30 MeV." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-19022014-162323/.
Full textNatural targets of Mg, Al, Si, Cr, Ti, Ni and Zr were irradiated with protons and the cross section for several reactions were determined for incident energies up to 30 MeV. The irradiations were performed at the CV-28 and CYCLONE 30 cyclotrons from the IPEN, which have nominal energies of 24 and 30 MeV, respectively. The protons beams were monitored by copper foils or by the nuclide formation in the irradiated targets with known cross sections for the used energy. Special interest was dedicated to rare reactions of the (p, 2alfa) and (p, ANTPOT.3 H) kind, from which we have a few published data, mainly for energies near the threshold. The cross section determination was accomplished by the residual actives measurement of the reaction products by the simple gamma spectroscopy method using an HPGe detector with resolution better than 2 keV. Due to the low value of the cross section for the considered reaction, a careful statistical analysis of the obtained data was needed. The small areas of the detected peaks required the quantification of the contributions of nuclides produced by others reactions, from contaminants or from the radioactive background. Among others, the ANTPOT.22 Na, ANTPOT.26 Al, ANTPOT.44 Ti and ANTPOT.54 Mn products have been detected. The detection of ANTPOT.26 Al in the Al and Si targets allow the estimation of the limits of the proposed method for the study of astrophysical interest reaction. In total, 72 cross section values are being presented. Out of this amount, 21 are being presented for the first time or have been obtained for the first time by the method or for the studied energies. The most important results refer to the ANTPOT.29 Si(p, 2gamma)²²Na, ANTPOT.53 Cr(p, 2gamma)ANTPOT.46 Sc, ANTPOT.46 Ti(p, ANTPOT.3 H)ANTPOT.44 Ti, ANTPOT.58 Ni(p, ANTPOT.3 H)ANTPOT.56 Ni and ANTPOT.90 Zr(p, ANTPOT.3 H)ANTPOT.88 Zr reactions. The results have been compared to published vales and calculations using known theoretical models, allowing the achievement of conclusions related to the experimental method, as well as the reaction mechanism involved.
Alonso, Antonio. "Estudos por RPE de um radical nitróxido em monocristal: interação com prótons e relaxação eletrônica." Universidade de São Paulo, 1986. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/54/54132/tde-26082014-161126/.
Full textIn the present work the ESR spectra of a nitroxide radical, 4-hydroxi-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-l-oxyl (TANOL, lI), introduced as impurity in a diamagnetic host, 4-hydroxi-2, 2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (1), of know structure, has been investigated. The use of the deuterated radical, 4-hydroxi-2,2, 6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-d17-1-oxyl (PD-TANOL, 111) showed an improved resolution in the ESR spectra for most orientations of the magnetic field. The interactions of protons in the neighbourhood of the paramagnetic group N-O were studied and the superhyperfine tensors for the two strongly compled protons were determined one of these protons is hydrogen bonded to the N-O and the distance is estimated to be 2,09ª°. The superhyperfine tensor has principal values -5.2; +5.4; -5.1 gauss. The second proton is further away from the electron and probably is not hydrogen bonded. The principal values for this proton are 2.0; -1.7 and -2,7 gauss. In order to study the involvment of the protons in the electronic relaxation of the radicaIs, the relaxation times T1 and T2 were estimated in the temperature range -160°C 25°C for many orientations and comparing data for the protonated and deuterated radicaIs II and III, using the continuous wave saturation method. It is shown that the relaxation time T2 is practically constant in the temperature range studied and that it is sistematically greater for the deuterated radical implying narrower lines. The spin-lattice relaxation time TI is dependent upon the orientation of the magnetic field for both radicaIs. In general a linear temperature dependence of T1-1 versus T is obtained and a mechanism of tunelling of protons between close potential walls in used to explain this behavior. In the case of the protonated radical for many orientations of the magnetic field a break is observed in the T1-1 versus T curve around -60°C for the deuterated radical this is observed only for fewer orientations. This behaviour could be explained as due to the freezing of hydrogen bonds vibration near this temperature. For many orientations it is also observed that below -100°C a broadening of the ESR lines occurs which is probably re1ated to the freezing of the rotations of the methyl groups of the radical, in the case of II, and of the hast I in the case of radical III
Bertholdo, Debora Brighente. "Correlação do envolvimento cerebral através de espectroscopia de prótons por ressonância magnética com gravidade de doença óssea em pacientes com doença de Gaucher tipo 1." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/46171.
Full textCoorientadora : Profª. Drª. Ida Vanessa Doederlein Schwartz
Coorientador : Prof. Dr. Arnolfo de Carvalho Neto
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Interna. Defesa : Curitiba, 24/06/2016
Inclui referências : f. 26-28
Resumo: A doença de Gaucher (DG) é uma das doenças lisossômicas mais frequentes. Ela é causada pela atividade reduzida da enzima lisossomal glicocerebrosidase, o que leva ao acúmulo de glicocerebrosídeo nas células. A DG tipo 1 é classicamente conhecida como a forma não neuronopática da doença, com alterações ósseas e viscerais sendo o principal achado. Entretanto, manifestações clínicas neurológicas já foram descritas nesses pacientes. A espectroscopia de prótons por ressonância magnética (ERM) é uma ferramenta diagnóstica não invasiva para detectar e quantificar diferentes metabólitos. Já foi demonstrado que formas neuronopáticas de DG (tipos 2 e 3 ) apresentam pico de lipídio e uma maior relação colina / creatina em estudos por ERM. Na forma não neuronopática da DG, também foi encontrado aumento da relação colina/ creatina na ERM. A ressonância magnética (RM) pode ser usada como método semiquantitativo para avaliar a gravidade de doença óssea em pacientes com DG. O escore mais usado atualmente é o escore bone marrow burden (BMB), que varia de 0 (normal) até 16 (envolvimento mais grave). O objetivo do estudo é correlacionar os metabólitos cerebrais por ERM com a gravidade de doença óssea usando o escore BMB. Onze paciente com DG tipo 1 (média de idade: 30,3 anos; desvio padrão: 10,8) foram submetidos à RM do encéfalo, coluna lombar e fêmur. ERM foi realizada nos núcleos da base e as relações colina/creatina e n-acetil-aspartato/creatina foram calculados. O estudo por RM da coluna lombar e dos fêmures foi realizado no mesmo dia e o escore BMB foi calculado. A razão dos metabólitos encontrados foi correlacionado com o escore ósseo de cada paciente. A média do escore BMB foi de 7,7. Observou-se uma correlação baixa positiva entre o escore BMB e a razão colina/ creatina (r=0,16) e um correlação moderada negativa entre o escore BMB e a razão n-acetil-aspartato/creatina (r=0,40). Conclui-se que um escore BMB maior em pacientes com DG tipo 1 pode estar relacionado a uma maior relação colina/ creatina e menor relação n-acetil-aspartato/creatina em estudos por ERM cerebral. Palavras chave: doença de Gaucher tipo 1, escore BMB, espectroscopia de prótons.
Abstract: Gaucher's Disease (GD) is one of the most frequent lisosomal disorders. It is caused by reduced activity of the lisosomal enzyme glicocerebrosidase, which leads to intracellular accumulation of glicocerebrosideos. Type 1 GD is classically known as the non-neuronopathic form, with bone and visceral abnormalities being its main clinical findings. However, clinical neurological manifestations have been described on theses patients. Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H-MRS) is a diagnostic non-invasive imaging tool to detect and quantify different metabolites. It has been demonstrated that neuronopathic forms of GD (types 2 and 3) shows a lipid peak and a higher choline/creatine ratios in brain 1H-MRS studies. For the non-neuronopathic form of GD, 1H-MRS has also depicted higher choline/creatine ratios ratios. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a semiquantitative method to evaluate severity of bone marrow infiltration in patients with GD. The most used score is the bone marrow burden score (BMB) which goes from 0 (normal) to 16 (most severe involvement). The aim of our study is to correlate 1H-MRS brain metabolites to severity of bone marrow involvement using BMB score. Eleven patients with type 1 GD (mean age of 30,3 years) were submitted to brain, lumbar spine, and femur MRI. 1HMRS was performed on basal ganglia and choline/creatine and N-acetylaspartate/ creatine ratios were calculated. Lumbar spine and femur MRI were performed at the same day and the BMB score was calculated.1H-MRS metabolite ratios were compared to the BMB score. BMB average score was 8. There was a low positive correlation between BMB score and choline/creatine (r=0,16) and a moderate negative correlation between BMB score and N-acetyl-aspartate/ creatine (r=-0,40). In conclusion, a higher BMB score in type 1 GD may correlates to a higher choline/creatine and lower Nacetyl- aspartate/ creatine in brain 1H-MRS. Key-words: type 1 Gaucher's disease, BMB score, proton spectroscopy.
Lee, Hae Won. ""Avaliação da doença de Alzheimer através da espectroscopia de prótons por ressonância magnética: comparação entre os achados no cíngulo posterior e nos hipocampos"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5151/tde-12042006-135455/.
Full textThe objective of this study is to compare the findings on Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy using PRESS (point resolved spectroscopy) technique with short TE (35ms) in the posterior cingulate and hippocampi of 29 patients with Alzheimer's disease (mild and moderate) and 15 controls. The metabolic ratios with highest sensitivity and specificity were (in a decreasing order): posterior cingulate Naa/Cr, posterior cingulate mI/Naa, hippocampi mI/Naa and hippocampi mI/Cr. In the group analised it seems there is no advantage in performing MRS in the hippocampi instead of posterior cingulate, a technically challenging location, usually leading to a longer examination time. In the posterior cingulate we observed a positive correlation with Naa/Cr ratio and a negative correlation with mI/Naa ratio and the MMSE
LEITE, Ricardo André Amorim. "Comparação da espectroscopia de prótons à associação da eletrencefalografia e da ressonância magnética por imagem na investigação da zona epileptogênica das epilepsias extratemporais." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2007. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/8342.
Full textOs avanços no tratamento das epilepsias têm exigido diagnósticos de certeza mais precisos, nos quais estejam incluídas a localização e a lateralização da zona epileptogênica para planejamento cirúrgico, o que motivou a investigação de métodos de imagem capazes de complementar as informações obtidas a partir da eletrencefalografia. Para diagnóstico das epilepsias, foram desenvolvidas a vídeoeletrencefalografia, considerada como padrão-ouro para diagnóstico e avaliação précirúrgica, assim como a imagem por ressonância magnética, para avaliação estrutural de lesões cerebrais. Mais recentemente, se tem empregado a espectroscopia de prótons, um método não invasivo, capaz de avaliar o metabolismo cerebral, por meio das alterações das concentrações de N-acetil-aspartato, creatina e colina, para avaliação das epilepsias extratemporais. Na presente dissertação, foram apresentadas uma revisão bibliográfica das conquistas na investigação dessas epilepsias e as perspectivas de futuras investigações, assim como os resultados de um estudo transversal, tipo série de casos, incluindo 33 pacientes, diagnosticados no Ambulatório de Epilepsia do Hospital da Restauração, Recife, Pernambuco, entre Março e Outubro de 2006, com idade de 13 a 59 anos (25,18 ± 11,39 anos), de ambos os sexos. Vinte e cinco (75,8%) pacientes apresentavam alteração estrutural à imagem por ressonância magnética ou neurofisiológica à eletrencefalografia (72,7%). As variáveis foram alterações dos coeficientes de assimetria das razões N-acetil-aspartato/colina, N-acetil-aspartato/creatina, Colina/Creatina e N-acetil-aspartato/colina+creatina (avaliadas pela área dos picos dos metabólitos na espectroscopia de prótons com tempo de eco longo de 135 ms). As taxas de concordância de lateralização dos coeficientes de assimetria das razões de metabólitos NAA/Co, NAA/Cr, Co/Cr e NAA/Co+Cr com a IRM, independente da alteração da EGG de superfície, alteraram-se de 93,3%, 57,9%, 15,4% e 93,3%, respectivamente, para 100%, 33,3%, zero e 100%, em 16 pacientes, nos quais houve concordância da IRM e do EEG de superfície. Quando o EEG de superfície foi normal, as taxas foram 75%, 100%, 66,7% e 100%, respectivamente. Nos 24 pacientes em que havia alteração de EEG ambulatorial, independente de alteração à IRM, as taxas de concordância reduziram-se de 78,6%, 31,6%, zero e 57,2%, para 33,3%, 33,3%, zero e 40% em oito pacientes com IRM normal. Conclui-se que a espectroscopia de prótons de hidrogênio concordou melhor com a lateralização da zona epileptogênica com IRM do que com o EEG de superfície
Liana, Mota de Menezes Terce. "Avaliação por neuroimagem : volumetrica e espectroscopia de prótons por ressonância magnética no Declínio Cognitivo Leve e Doença de Alzheiner. Tomografia computadorizada cerebral nas cefaléias primárias." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2005. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/1959.
Full textA avaliação da estrutura e função do cérebro do idoso, através de novas técnicas de neuroimagem, tem melhorado o conhecimento do substrato biológico do envelhecimento normal bem como de diferentes distúrbios cognitivos. No continuum entre envelhecimento normal e doença de Alzheimer (DA) situam-se pacientes com declínio cognitivo leve (DCL). O diagnóstico precoce e preciso destes pacientes é indispensável e tem sido assunto de muito interesse, com vários estudos mostrando muitas vezes resultados controversos. O objetivo da primeira parte deste trabalho foi estudar uma série de pacientes idosos (> 65 anos) com déficits de memória através de avaliação neuropsicológica e de neuroimagem, por ressonância magnética (volumetria e espectroscopia). No grupo de pacientes com DA leve os escores do mini-exame do estado mental (MEEM) e do teste de evocação de palavras foram significativamente menores (p < 0,05) quando comparados com o grupo com DCL. Observou-se, no grupo com DA leve, redução do volume hipocampal (~20%) em relação ao controle. Houve assimetria no volume hipocampal (direito > esquerdo), nos grupos controle e DCL. Foi observada correlação positiva entre o volume hipocampal e os escores do MEEM e do teste de evocação de palavras (p < 0,05). Os valores das relações metabólicas (NAA/Cr, mI/Cr, Co/Cr e mI/NAA) não foram diferentes nos grupos controle, DCL e DA leve. Como conclusão, na DA leve observou-se redução do volume hipocampal sem qualquer alteração na avaliação metabólica pela espectroscopia. A segunda parte deste trabalho se refere à avaliação de pacientes com os dois tipos mais freqüentes de cefaléias primárias: migrânea e cefaléia do tipo tensional. Um estudo XII retrospectivo foi realizado visando avaliar a freqüência de anormalidades encontradas durante a realização de estudo por tomografia computadorizada (TC), em 78 pacientes com migrânea ou cefaléia do tipo tensional. A TC foi normal em 61,5% dos pacientes examinados. Em um terço dos pacientes estudados foram detectadas anormalidades, como doença inflamatória dos seios paranasais (19,2%), cisticercose (3,9%), aneurisma cerebral não-roto (2,6%), impressão basilar (2,6%), lipoma intracraniano (2,6%), cisto aracnoideo (2,6%), sela vazia (2,6%), neoplasia intracraniana (2,6%) e outras afecções (2,6%). Nenhuma destas lesões era sintomática (achado incidental). Concluímos que o encontro fortuito de algumas anormalidades pela TC é freqüentemente mais elevado do que se prediz em pacientes com cefaléia primária. Nós discutimos brevemente alguns aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos e da conduta terapêutica cirúrgica sobre algumas das anomalias diagnosticadas pela TC
Garcia, Thaís. "Avaliação da morfologia, função cardíaca e deposição de ácidos graxos antes e após a cessação do tabagismo." Botucatu, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/181184.
Full textResumo: O tabagismo é um dos mais importantes problemas de saúde mundial por causar dependência e por atingir todas as faixas etárias e classes sociais. É um dos fatores de risco para infarto agudo do miocárdio, e sua exposição passiva pode elevar o risco para doenças coronarianas. Além do reconhecimento dos efeitos agressores diretos da fumaça do cigarro em doenças coronarianas, o tabagismo pode agredir o miocárdio sendo capaz de colaborar com o processo de remodelação cardíaca. Um dos possíveis mecanismos para esse processo é o acumulo de ácidos graxos no miocárdio, consequente diminuição da β-oxidação, acumulo de triglicérides, aumento da glicólise, disfunção e atrofia mitocondrial que resultam na lipotoxicidade. Objetivos: Avaliar as variações da função, morfologia cardíaca e deposição de ácidos graxos antes e após a cessação do tabagismo e avaliar associações entre a variável dependente e a variação das funções e morfometrias. Métodos: Foram incluídos fumantes entre 30 e 45 anos com carga tabágica de no mínimo 10 anos/maço e consumo tabágico de pelo menos 1 cigarro/dia no último mês. Foi realizada avaliação clínica, estado tabágico, avaliação laboratorial, ecocardiograma, ressonância magnética cardíaca, espectroscopia de prótons; no momento inicial e um mês após a cessação do tabagismo. Para tratamento da cessação tabágica foi utilizado o medicamento bupropiona. Resultados: Foram avaliados 50 tabagistas, 29 foram incluídos, porém apenas 10 participaram de ambas as avaliações sen... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Smoking is one of the most important global health problems to cause addiction and reach all ages and social classes. It is one of the risk factors for acute myocardial infarction, and their passive exposure may increase the risk for coronary heart disease. In addition to the recognition of the direct aggressive effects of cigarette smoke on coronary heart disease, smoking can attack the myocardium and be able to collaborate with the cardiac remodeling process. One of the possible mechanisms for this process is the accumulation of fatty acids in the myocardium, consequent reduction of β-oxidation, accumulation of triglycerides, increased glycolysis, dysfunction and mitochondrial atrophy that result in lipotoxicity. Objectives: To evaluate variations in function, cardiac morphology and deposition of fatty acids before and after cessation of smoking and to evaluate associations between the dependent variable and the variation of functions and morphometrics. METHODS: Smokers aged between 30 and 45 years with a smoking load of at least 10 years / pack and smoking of at least 1 cigarette / day in the last month were included. Clinical evaluation, smoking status, laboratory evaluation, echocardiogram, cardiac magnetic resonance, proton spectroscopy; at the initial time and one month after cessation of smoking. For the treatment of smoking cessation, the drug bupropion was used. Results: Fifty smokers were evaluated, 29 were included, but only 10 participated in both evaluations and... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Borges, Ana Karina Nascimento. "Estudo do metabolismo lipídico através da espectroscopia de prótons por ressonância magnética em seres humanos obesos pré e pós-gastroplastia correlacionando com dados antropométricos, exames laboratoriais e biópsia hepática." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5151/tde-22082008-153128/.
Full textThe obesity influence on the liver and the hepatic function are themes that are not so discussed or studied, especially in Brazil. The world-wide increasing number of obese people calls the attention to this serious problem, that nowadays, became a public health problem. The number of people and the age of the people who suffer from it is increasing each day more. The non-alcoholic hepatic disease is a common pathological clinic condition caractherized by lipid deposits in hemocytes in the hepatic parenchyma. There are some injuries in the parenchyma, since a single steatosy macrogoticular to a steatohepatitis, a fibrosis and even a cirrhosis (Sass et al., 2005). The non-alcoholic steatosy hepatic (NASH) cases which lead to a cirrhosis have been known as the main causes of death with possibilities to evolute to a hepatic fail. Besides there is an increasing in the non-alcoholic hepatic disease, the means for its diagnosis still remain poorly defined. The protons spectroscopy use, in the magnetic resonance, helps on the lipidic hepatic contents numbers, although it has been used only for researches. We had as a goal the lipid metabolism study of obese human beings, related to the laboratorials data and the hepatic biopsy. On this study, where we observed obese people that were submitted to a gastric reducing surgery by the Capella techinic in the hospital Prof. Edmundo Vasconcelos in São Paulo, were included 27 pacients analyzed on the before and after operation for the datas description. It was noted a male/female general reason 9: 18 and the ages between 24 and 55 years old. The body mass indexes (IMC) were always over 40 Kg/m² to be included in a surgery. The obese patients who presented steatosy hepatic before operatory observed on the magnetic resonance and steatosy and/or steatohepatitis during the hepatic biosy went better on the pos-operatory. Finally, in obese patients the xiv steatosy hepatic degree can be analysed on its qualitativy and quantitativy through the magnetic resonance with spectroscopy, and so the cirurgical pos- treatment control, avoiding the use of invasive methods, among them the hepatic biopsy.
de, Fátima Viana Vasco Aragão Maria. "A ressonância magnética em tumores astrocitários: avaliação da associação de padrão existente com a graduação histopatológica." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2010. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/8102.
Full textO objetivo foi revisar as principais aplicações da espectroscopia de prótons por ressonância magnética (ERM), perfusão sanguínea cerebral, permeabilidade e difusão associada à imagem por ressonância magnética (IRM), na avaliação dos astrocitomas encefálicos, enfatizando seu desempenho na graduação tumoral, segundo os critérios da Organização Mundial de Saúde. Foram selecionados 136 artigos, publicados no período 1973 a 2009, identificados por pesquisas no PubMed, além de seis livros, publicados no período de 1999 a 2009. A revisão abordou a graduação dos astrocitomas encefálicos, caracterizando suas diferenças epidemiológicas e os problemas técnicos envolvidos nessa graduação, tanto na histopatologia como na radiologia. Também comentou sobre as novas técnicas de IRM (a ERM que avalia a bioquímica encefálica, a perfusão que avalia a microvasculatura usando o volume sanguíneo relativo, a permeabilidade que avalia a permeabilidade vascular, ou seja, a quebra de barreira hemato-encefálica e a difusão que avalia a microvasculatura do tecido cerebral, por analisar o movimento da água nos tecidos) como métodos complementares para auxiliar na graduação dos astrocitomas, enfatizando a evolução histórica dos critérios adotados. Por fim, foram explicadas as atuais aplicações dessas novas técnicas de ressonância associada à IRM, na avaliação dos astrocitomas encefálicos, incluindo: a diferenciação entre as massas intracranianas, a graduação, a orientação para biópsia, o planejamento radioterápico e cirúrgico e a distinção entre astrocitoma residual ou recorrente e radionecrose
Mantovani, Cristina de Faria. "Análise metabolômica (1H RMN) do líquido sinovial de equinos hígidos e acometidos por osteocondrite dissecante." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10137/tde-10042014-144355/.
Full textOsteochondritis dissecans (OCD) is one of the most common diseases affecting young horses and one of the conditions classified as Developmental Orthopedic Diseases. As an important joint disorder, OCD is held responsible for substantial economic losses in consequence of the decrease in athletic and reproductive performance in affected horses. The condition presents a multifactorial ethiology, related to nutritional, endocrine, genetic and biomechanical factors, although its pathogeny is well established, associated with a disturbance of the process of endochondral ossification. Synovial fluid biomarkers analysis provide data regarding changes representative of inflammation and articular cartilage damage, which is why monitoring the joint cavity is an important tool for diagnosis and assessing disease progression. Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy is a holistic, simultaneous and real time approach, of the metabolites present in the synovial fluid, offering the potential to provide data regarding disease progression, response to treatment and to determine disease biomarkers. The aim of the present study was to establish the global metabolic profiling of normal and osteochondritic synovial fluid, to evaluate the applicability of the 1H RMN in the diagnosis of OCD, and to asses possible distinctions between symptomatic and asymptomatic horses. The metabolic profile determination resulted in 32 common metabolites to the three joint conditions. Moreover, 2 compounds were identified exclusively in the diseased joints, namely propylene glycol and aromatic compound, but we were unable to discern between asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals for both groups presented similarities in metabolites as well as their concentrations. When comparing spectral intensities, we observed marked increases in the metabolites glucose, glutamine, ethanol, leucine, isoleucine, dimethyl sulphone, creatine, creatinine, N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylglutamine and -methyhistidine, besides the compounds propylene glycol and aromatic compound, in the affected joints compared to the healthy ones. Decrease in spectral intensities were related to the metabolites 3-hydroxybutirate and acetate in affected joints. Other metabolites showed no difference in intensities in all joint conditions, those being pyruvato, citrate, methionine, histidine, tyrosine, valine, lactate, alanine, glycine, glycerol and phenylalanine. PCA based statistical analysis was able to group spectra and to ascribe the importance of the aromatic compound in differentiating healthy from diseased joints. 1H RMN spectroscopy showed high reproductability between samples and sensitive in detecting synovial fluid compounds, unveiling clear diferences between the biochemical profiles of healthy and OCD affected joints, thus indicating metabolic alterations occuring with disease progression, related mainly with the cartilage degradation process. This study projects the potential of metabolomics analysis in providing a new perspective of the biochemical processes involved in OCD progression.
Sá, Helena Pinho de. "Transtorno Depressivo Maior (TDM) com e sem sintomas psicóticos: investigação neuroquímica por espectroscopia de próton." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17148/tde-15122011-183318/.
Full textIntroduction: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most prevalent and disabling of mental disorders. Nevertheless, its classification is still based on signs and symptoms, since its causes and pathophysyology has not been fully clarified. The presence of psychotic symptoms are relatively common during a depressive episode and is associated with clinical and biological peculiarities, but is underdiagnosed and its pathophysiology have been insufficiently studied, especially when considering the extensive literature on non-psychotic forms of depression. The aim of this study is to investigate the neurochemistry of the anterior cingulated gyrus (AC), a brain\'s neurocircuitry constituent related to the pathophysiology of MDD with psychosis/in the form of psychotic disorder. For this propose, we compared/ were compared the results of the metabolites between groups of patients with MDD with and without psychotic symptoms and controls by- proton resonance spectroscopy imaging of hydrogen (1rH-MRS). Secondly, the interference of socio-demographic and clinical on the cerebral metabolites. It was expected that patients with psychotic symptoms (MDD-P) present neurochemical changes in relation to the group of health controls and patients with depression without psychotic symptoms (MDD-Wo), regardless of the severity of depression symptons. Methods: The groups were diagnosed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID). The severity of depressive and psychotic symptoms, as well as the level of overall functioning were assessed using the Hamilton Rating Scale, BPRS and GAF (respectively). We collected information about the history of suicide attempts, drug treatment, psychiatric and medical comorbidities.1\'H-MRS single voxel, with echo time (TE) short (3lms) in a magnetic field of 3.0 Tesla was used for the evaluation of CA in 20 patients with MDD-P, 22 with MDD-Wo and 20 healthy subjects. We analyzed the absolutevalues of glutamate (Glu), glutamate plus glutamine (Gln+Glu), N-acetylaspartate plus N-acetyl aspartate-glutamate (NAA+NAAG), glycerol phosphorylcholine plus phosphorylcholine plus choline (PC+GPC), myo-inositol (Myo) and creatine (Cr). Data on socio-demographic and clinical information were analyzed using ANOVA and chi-square, while the levels of metabolites were compared by MANOVA. The statistical significance level used was p <0.05. Results: Patients with MDD-P had less schooling and poorer overall functioning, both in relation to the controls as compared to patients without psychosis. Patient groups did not differ in the severity of depressive symptoms. Glu levels of MDD-P were lower than the MDD-Wo and the control group; NAA+NAAG levels of MDD-P were lower than in control and GPC+PC levels of MDDP were lower than the MDD-Wo. Between the sexes, Glu and NAA + NAAG levels of males were lower than females. Finally, Glu, Glu+Gln and Cr levels were different between the sexes within the groups. Conclusion:The group levels of metabolites of CA have been interfered with diagnosis and the effect of gender and gender-diagnosis interaction were close to be meaningful. The differences in the levels of Glu, NAA + NAAG and GPC + PC between diagnoses are possibly related to higher hypercortisolemia found in the MDD-P and the brain concentration of kynurenine metabolites imballance more similar with schizophrenia than MDD. The interference of sex for the levels of Glu and NAA + NAAG suggests a protective role of female hormones to glutamatergic system and cycle of the NAA. Still, probably the severity of the depressive episodes not implicated in the neurochemical differences between MDD-P and MDD-Wo
Caetano, Sheila Cavalcante. ""Avaliação volumétrica e neuroquímica do córtex pré-frontal dorsolateral esquerdo de pacientes pediátricos com transtorno depressivo maior: um estudo utilizando espectroscopia por ressonância magnética de próton"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5142/tde-18042006-144855/.
Full textMagnetic resonance imaging and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy have been applied to anatomical and neurochemical studies of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Nineteen children with MDD and 24 healthy controls were evaluated on a 1.5 Tesla (Philips Intera 8.1.1.) MRI. Compared to healthy controls, children with MDD presented: smaller left hippocampal volumes; and lower levels of choline-containing-compounds and higher myo-inositol levels in the left DLPFC. Lower levels of choline-containing-compounds in pediatric patients with MDD may reflect lower cell membrane turn-over. Higher myo-inositol levels in MDD may represent a disturbed secondary messengers system
Gigante, Alexandre Duarte. "Estudo do hipocampo de portadores de transtorno afetivo bipolar após o primeiro episódio de mania através do uso da espectroscopia por ressonância magnética de próton (1H-ERM)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5142/tde-18122013-150223/.
Full textThe investigation of the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder in patients at disease onset is a strategy to avoid a potential confounding effect associated with disease duration, presence of multiples mood episodes and pharmacological treatment. Our purpose was to investigate, in vivo, neuronal metabolites in the hippocampus of bipolar disorder (BD) patients using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) soon after their first manic episode. We studied fifty-eight BD I patients meeting DSM-IV (APA, 2000) criteria following their first episode of mania and 27 healthy subjects using 1H-MRS with a 3.0 T Philips Achieva scanner. Voxels with 30X15X15 mm were placed in the hippocampus on both sides of the brain and the signal was collected using a PRESS sequence with TE = 35ms and TR = 2000ms. Data analysis was performed using the LC Model software. N- Acetyl-Aspartate, choline compounds, myo-inositol, creatine and glutamine + glutamate (Glx) levels were compared between the groups and no statistically significant differences were found. These results suggest that early in the course of BD there are no alterations in neuronal metabolism or vulnerability in the hippocampus after the first manic episode
Rezende, Anivaldo Ferreira de. "Estudo da condutividade protônica do eletrólito sólido de cerato de bário dopado para uso em células a combustível de óxido sólido." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/8839.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG
The proton conductors have wide applications, such as in solid oxide fuel cells, hydrogen separation membranes, hydrogen bombs, among others. These technologies are intended to generating clean and sustainable energy. Among the materials with this property is the BaCeO3 barium cerate, which presents low thermal activation energy for proton conductivity in intermediate working temperature. However, due to its highly basic character, when in operation in atmospheres with acid gases, such as CO2, SO2 and H2O this presents a certain chemical instability. It is known in the literature that doping of BaCeO3 improves this instability. In this work, pure BCO and yttrium doped cerium (BaCe1-xYxO3- δ / BCYO) was synthesized by the polymer precursor method. The powders obtained in the syntheses will be characterized by XRD and a mean crystallite size of 23 nm was obtained which indicates the nanometric particle size. The pellets conformed and sintered at 1600 ºC with a 4-hour plateau at a rate of 5 °C / min were then subjected to impedance spectroscopy tests and showed where it was verified that doping with the 15% yttrium content presented the best result with similar conductivity and activation energy lower than the pure sample.
Os condutores protônicos apresentam amplas aplicações, tais como em células a combustíveis de óxido sólido, membranas de separação de hidrogênio, bombas de hidrogênio, entre outras. Estas aplicações tecnológicas estão voltadas a geração de energia limpa e sustentável. Dentre os materiais com essa propriedade encontra-se o cerato de bário BaCeO3, com baixa energia de ativação térmica para condutividade protônica em temperatura intermediária de trabalho. Porém, em função do seu caráter altamente básico, quando em operação em atmosferas com gases ácidos, tais como CO2, SO2 e H2O este apresenta uma certa instabilidade química. Da literatura tem-se que a dopagem do BaCeO3 o torna mais estável quimicamente. Neste trabalho, o cerato de bário puro BCO foi sintetizado pelo método dos precursores poliméricos e dopado com ítria (BaCe1-xYxO3- δ/ BCYO). Os pós obtidos nas sínteses foram caracterizados por DRX e obteve-se um tamanho médio de cristalito de 23 nm que indica tamanho nanométrico das partículas. As pastilhas conformadas e sinterizadas a 1600 ºC com patamar de 4 horas e taxa de 5°C / min foram então submetidas a ensaios de espectroscopia de impedância onde verificou-se que a dopagem com o teor de 15% de ítria apresentou o melhor resultado de condutividade e energia de ativação menor comparado a outras amostras. Desta forma, foi possível concluir que a dopagem com íons ítrio e a quantidade deste melhoram as propriedades de condutividade e estabilidade química.