Academic literature on the topic 'Espermatogénesis'
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Journal articles on the topic "Espermatogénesis"
López, Laura Ximena Ramírez, and Carlos Fernando Prada Quiroga. "La vitamina A: reguladora de la espermatogénesis." Revista Investigación en Salud Universidad de Boyacá 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2015): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24267/23897325.130.
Full textMonge M., Carlos, and Pablo Mori Chávez. "Fisiología de la reproducción en la altura - La espermatogénesis en la altura." Anales de la Facultad de Medicina 25, no. 1 (October 18, 2014): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/anales.v25i1.9704.
Full textPérez G, Daniel E. "Cromosomas B mitoticamente inestables en el saltamontes Sphingonotus Haitiensis Saus (Orthoptera : Acrididae)." Ciencia y Sociedad 14, no. 2 (June 1, 1989): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.22206/cys.1989.v14i2.pp102-9.
Full textGullo, Bettina. "Microanatomía de los testisacos y espermatogénesis de Helobdella michaelseni (Hirudinea, Glossiphoniidae)." Neotropical Biology and Conservation 5, no. 3 (November 12, 2010): 167–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4013/nbc.2010.53.05.
Full textAlfaro-Montoya, Jorge. "Descripción histológica de la oogénesis y espermatogénesis del camarón de cultivo, Litopenaeus vannamei." Revista de biología marina y oceanografía 48, no. 2 (August 2013): 335–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0718-19572013000200012.
Full textDelgado Sánchez, Jonathan Dazaeth, Dominic González Durán, Cristina Jenissia Aguayo Llamas, Gustavo Muñoz Flores Cadena, José Roberto Ruvalcaba Landeros, Itzel Celic Rangel Martínez, Edmundo Rosas Rosales, and Nadia Huitrón Castro. "Nuevos métodos anticonceptivos masculinos." Lux Médica 15, no. 45 (September 24, 2020): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33064/45lm20202870.
Full textPeña, Elizabeth. "Microscopía Electrónica de Barrido del Testículo del Vampiro (Desmodus Rotundus)." Revista de Ciencias 6 (November 8, 2011): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/rc.v6i0.572.
Full textBaralis Aragón, Pamela, Alejandro Corella Solano, and Lai Yi Melissa Ye Ng. "Anticoncepción masculina." Revista Medica Sinergia 6, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): e653. http://dx.doi.org/10.31434/rms.v6i3.653.
Full textRodríguez, Héctor, Iván Silva, Leonella Jiménez, Carlos Sánchez, Omar Espinoza-Navarro, Paola Boarelli, and Miguel Fornés. "Presencia cualitativa y distribución de caveolina 1 (cav-1) en la celularidad y estadios del ciclo de la espermatogénesis." Revista Internacional de Andrología 7, no. 2 (June 2009): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1698-031x(09)71613-9.
Full textAraújo, Vinícius Albano, Tito Bacca, and Lucimar Gomes Dias. "Histología del tracto reproductor masculino del chinche depredador Zelus longipes (Heteroptera: Reduviidae)." Caldasia 43, no. 1 (December 24, 2020): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/caldasia.v43n1.85745.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Espermatogénesis"
Cifuentes, Moraleda Piedad. "Portadores de reorganizaciones cromosómicas: segregación meiótica en espermatogénesis y consecuencias." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/367457.
Full textFrom the methodological point of view this thesis it provides, first the improvement of the heterologous fusion technique of hamster oocyte with human sperm by using ionophore improving the sperm capacitation process. Secondly using vinblastine, as antimitotic agent, improves the chromosomal morphology quality substantially, and consequently the number of complements good enough that can be studied increases. A third important improvement is an original method for painting whole chromosomes using FISH. It allows to distinguish both chromosomal complements, hamster oocyte chromosomes and human pronuclear male chromosomes. Moreover, using DNA probes labelled with fluorescence, specific to the preselected chromosomes, selected human chromosomes have been studied. This improved methodological approach enables study successfully meiotic segregation in carriers of balanced chromosomal rearrangements. One of them is the carrier of a complex chromosome rearrangement, 46,XY,-2, +der(2)t(2;11)(q13; q23),-11,+der(11)t(11;22)(q23;q11.2),-22, +der(22)t(2;22)(q13; q11.2). A total of 208 sperm complements were analyzed. The frequency of sperm carrying a normal or a balanced complement was substantially less frequent than the frequency of unbalanced sperm (13.5% vs 86.5% respectively) including 30 different segregation modes of both 4:2 and 5:1. The results obtained in this study are compatible with the formation, during the synaptic process, of a complex hexavalent figure involving chromosomes 2, 11, and 22. The behaviour and segregation of this complex figure would explain the high frequency (86.5%) of unbalanced complements observed in this carrier. Moreover sperm chromosome segregation studies in several carriers of balanced chromosome rearrangement are also performed: the following three reciprocal translocations (46, XY t (5; 7) (q21; q31), 46, XY, t (9; 17) (q12; p12) 46, XY, t (9; 17p13; q21.3) and the pericentric inversion 47, XY, inv (7) (p13q36). In the balanced translocation carriers the frequencies of alternate, adjacent-1, adjacent-2 and 3:1 segregation were detected. No relationship between the non-disjunction of homologous chromosomes and particular characteristics of the pairing figure such as the incidence of meiotic recombination events in the interstitial regions of tetravalent structure has been observed. Moreover, in the case of the carrier of t(9;17)(q12;p12) reciprocal translocation, evidence of an interchromosomal effect were observed, increased aneuploidy frequencies for chromosomes not involved in the translocation, in respect of control samples. Taking into account, the pericentric inversions carriers analysed, the chromosome segregation study provides a clear evidence of a relationship between the incidence of meiotic recombination products and the percentage of the inverted chromosome segment more tan with the length (size in Mpb) of the inverted chromosome segment. Finally, is worth noting the applicability of the results to develop the necessary knowledge, for proper genetic counselling to male carriers of balanced chromosomal rearrangements.
Castillo-Briceño, Patricia. "Regulación de la espermatogénesis y respuesta inmunitaria por moléculas de la matriz extracelular en peces teleósteos." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10725.
Full textThis work studies the extracellular matrix (ECM) environment and their implications in the immune response and spermatogenesis in gilthead seabream. This is a useful model to study interactions between immune and reproductive systems, considering its biological characteristics, such as seasonal breeding, testicular involution and sexual reversion. The results showed collagen and its derived peptides as able to act as damage signals (DAMPs), modulating in a specific form the innate immune response and the early inflammation processes in seabream professional phagocytes and fibroblasts. In addition, the strong correlations between ECM related molecules, under physiological conditions and during development, are modulated as part of the response against DAMPs and pathogen derived molecules. Finally, we found that in addition to the integrin beta 1a (ITGB1a) which is constitutively expressed, in seabream there is an ITGB1b which is mainly expressed in testis and during spermatogenesis. These findings improve the knowledge about ECM compartment as a complex, coordinated and multifunctional environment, having possible future practical applications in the tissue regeneration and remodelling.
Gonzales, Daga José Manuel. "Evaluación de la expresión de Ccna1, Cyp17, StAR y Prm2 en la espermatogénesis de ratones Swiss Rockefeller tratados con Lepidium meyenii Walp. (maca)." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2010. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/969.
Full textLepidium meyenii Walp. (maca) (Brassicaceae) is widely used as a folk medicine, for the ability to enhance the sexual performance in humans, rats and mice, besides to improve the spermatogenesis. However, the way maca acts on spermatogenesis still unclear. In this study, adult male mice were treated with maca aqueous extract during periods of 7, 14 and 21 days, after each treatment, physiological parameters were measured and the expression of cyclin A1 (Ccna1), cytochrome P450 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (Cyp17), protamine 2 (Prm2) and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) (genes involved in spermatogenesis), were recorded. The results shows that maca increased significantly (p less than 0.05) sperm concentration in the three treatment groups, plus Ccna1, CYP17 and Prm2 expression were not significantly affected, while StAR, shows a negative regulation on their expression in groups of 7 and 14 days of treatment. These results suggest, that the mechanism maca increases sperm concentration is not related to increased meiotic activity, or the synthesis of testosterone, but rather the response of a component with androgenic activity present in the aqueous extract of maca, evidenced by the negative effect on StAR expression. These results re-enact the importance of maca as reproductive enhancer without running the risk of increased androgen contraindicated in cases of prostate cancer.
Tesis
Lavados, Solís Patricio Andrés. "Efecto de imprinting hormonal con fitoestrógenos sobre morfometría espermática y testicular en ratas." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2012. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/131558.
Full textSe estudió la capacidad de dos fuentes de fitoestrógenos para inducir impronta hormonal (hormonal imprinting) en rata Sprague-Dawley macho adulto. Para ello, se administró genisteína (3mg/kg peso vivo), o un extracto etanólico, obtenido a partir de Trifolium pratense cultivar “Pawera”, a ratas en su día 15 y 18 de preñez, las que fueron mantenidas con dieta libre de fitoestrógenos desde una semana antes de la cruza. Se utilizaron los machos de la camada obtenida (F1), los que se mantuvieron con dieta libre de fitoestrógenos durante todo el estudio. Al día 60 de vida, recibieron 17-β-Estradiol (E2) (100 μg/Kg p.v.); en el día 63 se extrajeron los testículos y caudas epididimarias para observar los efectos sobre la morfología, cantidad y viabilidad de los espermatozoides, y para medir el perímetro basal, luminal y alto del túbulo seminífero. Los grupos control recibieron el vehículo de la genisteína o del extracto. Los resultados demostraron que los machos F1 expuestos prenatalmente al extracto o la genisteína y a E2 a los 60 días de edad, presentaron un incremento en el número de espermatozoides presentes en la cauda epididimaria, aumento que fue mayor en los expuestos a genisteína. El perímetro luminal aumentó producto de la impronta con genisteína y no varió frente al tratamiento con E2. Los animales improntados con extracto y tratados con E2, presentaron lúmenes más distendidos. El alto del epitelio seminífero disminuyó debido a la impronta con genisteína o extracto, independiente del tratamiento con E2. No se observaron modificaciones a nivel de perímetro basal del túbulo seminífero, morfología ni viabilidad de los espermatozoides. A la luz de los resultados obtenidos, se propone que crías macho de hembras alimentadas con dietas bajas en fitoestrógenos, podrían ser incapaces de responder a E2 en la vida adulta, y por lo tanto, no aumentarían su número de espermatozoides
Vásquez, Cavero Jonathan Humberto. "Fisiología espermática, fragmentación del ADN y niveles de expresión génica de Prm1, Prm2, Tnp1 y Tnp2 en relación a la edad en ratones." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/2671.
Full text--- Age has an influence in the proper packaging of sperm chromatin, rendering it more vulnerable as time goes on. Protamines are the most abundant nuclear proteins in the mature spermatozoon and they are responsible for packing the paternal genome inside the sperm cell nucleus, making it inaccessible to nucleases or mutagens, thus protecting it. Mice with only one copy of these genes are infertile, which proves that are essential for normal spermatic function. The aim of this study was to look for a correlation between male age and sperm protamination at molecular and physiological levels. Male mice (Mus musculus Linnaeus, 1758) from C57BLACK6 (C57BL6) strain (20-25g) were used and distributed in two age groups: 3-4 month old mice ("Young" group: G1) and 18-21 month old ("Elderly" group: G2). Spermatozoa obtained from the epididymis tail were employed in sperm motility analysis, DNA fragmentation analysis by bidimensional comet assay, and oxidative stress by TBARS assay. Testicular tissue was used for assess the gene expression of Prm1, Prm2, Tnp1 and Tnp2, by real time PCR (RT-qPCR). When analyzing sperm motility, MOT (50.63 ± 6.60% vs 30.38 ± 5.16 %) and MR (24.50 ± 3.04 % vs 13.92 ± 3.02 %) were higher in G1 compared to G2 (p<0.05). However, ME was higher in G2 compared to G1 (69.31 ± 5.31 % vs 48.38 ± 7.39 %, respectively) (p<0.05). Likewise, when analyzing displacement types in the sperm cells, VAP (67.89 ± 5.68 % vs 52.12 ± 3.38 %, p<0.05) and VSL (43.15 ± 3.47 % vs 30.68 ± 2.45 %, p<0.05) were higher in G1 compared to G2. Oxidative stress levels measured by TBARS did not show any differences between G1 and G2 (132.50 ± 9.64 ng MDA/106 spz vs 135.00 ± 10.81 ng MDA/106 spz; p>0.05). The proportion of sperm cells with fragmented DNA were not significantly different (G1 vs G2, 20.51 ± 1.41 % vs 20.11 ± 1.29 % respectively, p>0.05) and there were also no differences in the percentage of fragmented DNA of those subpopulations (17.36 ± 0.49 % vs 17.76 ± 0.62 %, p>0.05). Gene expression levels of Prm2 and Tnp1 were significantly overexpressed in G2 in comparison to G1 (p<0.05); however, Prm1 and Tnp2 did not show significant differences between both groups (p<0.05). Despite of age had an influence in expression levels of Prm2 and Tnp1, it would not be relevant enough to alter ROS production and sperm DNA fragmentation. It was probably due to the central role of Prm1 in sperm protamination, something widely reported in all studied species to date, which levels were not altered in the elderly group. As a conclusion, increase of age does not alter sperm protamination in mice.
Tesis
Tataje, Lavanda Luis Alberto. "Expresión testicular de ciclina A1 (CCNA1) en alpacas (Lama pacos)." Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/4991.
Full textTesis
Bargsted, Aravena María Olga. "Efectos de una vacuna recombinante contra la hormona liberadora de gonadotrofinas (GnRH-I) en la espermatogénesis, esteroidogénesis y cambios conductuales asociados, en caninos mestizos." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2010. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/131191.
Full textLa población canina en Chile y el mundo, va en un permanente aumento, generando problemas tanto para los humanos como para los mismos animales. Por esto, existe actualmente gran interés en encontrar métodos eficientes, seguros y económicamente viables para la implementación de programas de control poblacional. Para controlar la población existen diversos mecanismos. Aquellos que pretenden disminuir la natalidad y por consiguiente, frenar el crecimiento, están enfocados en disminuir la reproducción de los individuos. Alternativas que involucran incluyan a los machos son altamente atractivas, por el mayor potencial reproductivo de los mismos, en relación al potencial de las hembras. Entre las diferentes técnicas, la inmunocastración surge como una posible herramienta para lograr estos objetivos, ya que ofrece ventajas en comparación a tratamientos hormonales, químicos, irradiatiavos y a la esterilización quirúrgica. Por lo anteriormente descrito se realizó este estudio, que tuvo como objetivo, visualizar los efectos de una vacuna recombinante contra la hormona liberadora de gonadotrofinas (GnRH-I) en la fertilidad canina, mediante la evaluación y observación de cambios en la espermatogénesis, esteroidogénesis y en conductas asociadas a la testosterona, tales como la agresividad, marcaje territorial y libido. Para esto, se inmunizaron 7 perros adultos mestizos con el péptido recombinante GnRX G/Q. Se aplicó una dosis única al día 1 y 21 con 250µg de proteína en 1 ml de adyuvante y al día 425, a dosis única con 500µg de proteína en 1 ml de adyuvante. Se evaluaron las concentraciones de inmunoglobulinas, concentraciones séricas de testosterona y, se realizaron observaciones y estudios conductuales. Además, se realizó un estudio histopatológico de testículo y epidídimo, al final del ensayo. En todos los animales inmunizados con la proteína recombinante GnRXG/Q hubo un aumento en la producción de inmunoglobulinas anti GnRXG/Q a partir del día 60 post vacunación. Además, fue posible observar que existe inmunogenicidad cruzada entre la hormona nativa GnRH-I y la proteína recombinante inoculada. Así mismo, se pudo visualizar una gran variabilidad individual en las respuestas de esteroidogénesis y conductuales. Recomendamos continuar con estudios para estandarizar dosificación y para evaluar la sensibilidad de diferentes kits disponibles para la estimación de las concentraciones plasmáticas o séricas de testosterona. Sin embargo, la inmunización fue capaz de disminuir la actividad espermatogénica y generar alteraciones en testículo y epidídimo de los animales vacunados, en relación al control no tratado. Por lo tanto, creemos que la vacuna creada en el laboratorio BIOVETEC de la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias de la Universidad de Chile, puede proponerse como una alternativa para el futuro control de la fertilidad e intervenir de manera efectiva en el problema de los caninos como plaga urbana
Paytuví, Gallart Andreu. "Development and application of integrative tools for the functional and structural analyses of genomes." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667160.
Full textSince the development of the Sanger sequencing in 1977, technological advances have revolutionized the -omics field. Large-scale sequencing projects have resulted in the generation of an enormous amount of data that have motivated the development of bioinformatics tools for its integration, organization and interpretation. Due to the fact that the amount of sequencing data produced worldwide doubles every 7 months, there is the need to improve data accessibility, processing and interpretation. In this sense, the main aim of this work is to develop bioinformatics tools for the analysis of the functional and structural characteristics of genomes. On the one hand, storage capacity and accessibility of -omics data has become a challenge, not only for raw data but also for post-processing results. And this is the case for transcriptomics, one of the most funded -omics. In order to overcome current limitations on the existing databases for plant lncRNAs, we developed Green Non-Coding (GreeNC), one of the most comprehensive online databases in the field that included 39 plant species and 6 algae, representing more than 200,000 lncRNAs. On the other hand, the availability of user-friendly tools to ensure feasible large-scale data analysis and management would help to democratize bioinformatics. Several software have recently emerged to allow the analysis of RNA-seq data in an accessible way. However, none of them provides an end-to-end solution. In this context, we took advantage of cloud computing to develop a cloud-based easy-to-use platform called Artificial Intelligence RNA-seq (AIR). AIR is the first end-to-end solution for the analysis of RNA-seq data that is not limited to model species and does not require previous bioinformatics skills. Once developed, we validated AIR taking advantage of RNA-seq samples derived from mouse spermatogenic germ cells produced in our research group. We observed an increase in the prevalence of non-coding genes during spermatogenesis and detected silencing of the X chromosome. We also identified differentially expressed genes that were consistent with the sequential development of spermatogenesis. Precisely, it is known that the genome undergoes large three-dimensional (3D) conformational changes during spermatogenesis. To characterize such 3D re-organization, we made use of AIR and additional tools for Hi-C data analysis to generate an integrative atlas of the chromatin interactions and functional genomic characteristics of the mouse male germ line. Our results revealed previously undescribed patterns: (i) the sub-chromosomal organization scale is lost during prophase I, (ii) the sub-megabase organization scale becomes diffuse along spermatogenesis especially in sperm, (iii) specific events such as the telomere bouquet and the X chromosome inactivation were observed, and (iv) cell-specific open conformations correlated with the expression of genes with relevant functional roles. Overall, we have developed new bioinformatics solutions to enhance accessibility, processing and interpretation of -omics data that permitted the analysis of functional and structural features of genomes.
Acosta, Campos Láyonal Germán. "Colonización intraluminar testicular de células madres germinales a partir de células madre pluripotentes obtenidas de la masa celular interna en ratones." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2010. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/3174.
Full textCellular therapy with embryonic or pluripotent stem cells used by regenerative medicine is a newly implemented protocol. These cells are derived from the blastocyst stage inner cell mass (ICM) and are capable of differentiating into all the body cell lineages. On the other hand, chronic diseases treatment such as cancer requires powerful drugs that sometimes cause unwanted effects. Cyclophosphamide (CP) is an alkylating anticancer drug that, among other things, causes infertility as a side effect. The aim of this research was reverse this negative effect by cell therapy using ICM to differentiate in vivo to germ stem cell (GSC). Swiss Rockefeller albino mice blastocyst stage embryos obtained 90 hours post coitus were used. The MCI was isolated by immunosurgery and then transplanted to the seminiferous tubules of recipient mice C57BL, which were previously germ line decreased drastically with CP (220mg/kg pc). The recipient animals were kept for 35 days in standard animal room conditions, after the animals were sacrificated by cervical dislocation; testes were removed to show the ICM colonization and differentiation by serial histological sections. The evaluation found the intraluminal colonization and presence of minitubules (2%) in the transplant recipients (62.5%). It is shown that the ICM cells have the ability to colonize seminiferous tubules of adult mice of different strains. Key words: Intraluminal Colonization, Inner Cell Mass, Pluripotent Stem Cells, Germ Stem Cells, Minitúbules.
Tesis
Medarde, González Núria Estel. "La zona de polimorfismo cromosómico ‘Barcelona’ de Mus musculus domesticus Schwarz y Schwarz, 1943: dinámica espaciotemporal de su estructura y efecto de las fusiones robertsonianas sobre la espermatogénesis." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/116318.
Full textA Robertsonian (Rb) polymorphism zone of the western European house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus) is found in the vicinity of the city of Barcelona. This Rb system covers about 5.000 km2 and is surrounded by populations whose individuals show a standard (St) karyotype of 40 telocentric chromosomes. In that area, up to seven different metacentrics and Rb specimens with diploid numbers ranging from 27 to 40 chromosomes have been detected. The ‘Barcelona’ Robertsonian system (BRbS) constitutes a unique model among the whole Rb systems described to date, since it lacks an exclusive chromosomal race and the set of metacentrics are geographically distributed following a staggered clinal pattern. Although information on the structure of the system was available at the beginning of the present research, little was known about the dispersal dynamics of the fusions throughout time. Thus, in order to evaluate possible changes in the fixation rates of the Rb fusions and in the degree of genetic isolation among populations differing in some karyotypic characteristics, a study on the spatio-temporal variation of the structure of the BRbS during the periods 1996-2000 and 2008-2010 has been carried out. Likewise, taking into account the finding of differences in the seminiferous epithelium between St and Rb specimens, the possible effect of Rb fusions on the rate of apoptotic germ cell death has been analyzed in all stages of the spermatogenesis in M. musculus domesticus. Finally, the relationship between the Rb fusions and the shape and size of the sperm head has been tested by applying geometric morphometrics to images obtained through a scanning electron microscope, a technique also applied to evaluate the existence of variational modularity in such sperm structure. Although local fluctuations in the fixation rate of metacentrics were detected, the clinal structure of the zone remained relatively stable over the period considered. This result indicates the existence of certain degree of genetic isolation between populations karyotypically differenciated, which corroborates the existence of reproductive barriers among them. Specimens with low diploid numbers showed a relevant signal of germ cell death, abnormalities in the genetic recombination and morphological alterations both in round spermatids and in mature spermatozoids. However, the great variability detected among individuals suggests that the magnitude of the effects caused by Rb fusions on the seminiferous epithelium may vary depending on the structural characteristics of the chromosomes involved in the fusions and on the degree of genic heterozygosity. Morphometric analysis on the sperm head revealed substantial differences among chromosomal groups. Divergences in the shape of the ventral spurs were detected between sperms from St and Rb specimens, while variation in the post-acrosomal width was also noticed among Rb gametes. These changes might be related to alterations in the gamete morphogenesis promoted by Rb fusions. Modularity analyses indicated that the sperm head is divided into three variational modules that fit with the cytoskeleton compartmentalization of the perinuclear theca. Although no differences in the modularity pattern were found among chromosomal groups, the decrease in the covariation rates between pairs of modules in Rb specimens suggests that Rb fusions might induce changes in the phenotype-genotype map of individuals.
Book chapters on the topic "Espermatogénesis"
Botero, Felipe Ruiz, and Wilmar Saldarriaga Gil. "ESPERMATOGÉNESIS." In Embriología humana integrada, 35–50. Programa Editorial Universidad del Valle, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv10vm0m9.5.
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