Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Essai traction'
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Chandra-Ambhorn, Somrerk. "Reactivity and surface modification of stainless steels used as electric interconnectors in high temperature solid oxide fuel cells." Grenoble INPG, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPG0104.
Full textFerritic stainless steels (AISI 441, AISI444, and Crofer 22 APU) were evaluated for the application as interconnects in SOFCs. The interested properties studied were growth kinetics, area specifie resistance (ASR) and adhesion of oxide scales formed on the steels ln the temperature range 700-900°C. The AISI 441 was selected as the competitive grade for this application, but it seemed necessary to improve its ASR. The further work was then to evaluate the influence of coatings on this property, with Ti, TiO2 and TiN deposition on AISI 441 by the magnetron sputtering technique. As supposed, doping of the chromia scale by titanium increased ASR without degrading the other properties to a negative extent. Basing on investigated properties, it was concluded that TiN-coated AISI 441 exhibited the best optimised properties to be applied as SOFCs interconnect
Kobeissi, Alaa. "Caractérisation mécanique des matériaux composites à partir d'un essai de traction biaxiale intégrant l'effet des chemins de déformation." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ISAR0021.
Full textContinuous fiber composite materials have become extensively used in most engineering applications due to their high specific mechanical properties. Uniaxial tests are mostly used for the characterization of composite materials because of their simplicity and low cost. However, these tests are not adapted for the characterization of the behavior of these materials subjected to multiaxial stress state. For a better characterization of their behavior, biaxial tests were developed. Among different biaxial testing techniques, the in-plane biaxial testing of cruciform specimen is one of the most known methods. However, the main difficulty of this method is the design of a cruciform specimen that fails in the center. ln this work, a new cruciform specimen is designed for the biaxial tensile testing of plain-weave glass/epoxy composite. The final dimensions of the specimen are defined by a numerical parametric study while respecting some experimental constraints such as biaxial tensile machine capacity. An experimental validation is performed on two plain-weave glass/epoxy composites with different thicknesses. The tests were performed under different biaxial loading conditions. The strain distribution in the central zone of the specimen are obtained using the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique. The failure envelop is generated and compared to the predictions of three failure criteria (Max Stress, Max Stram, and Norris)
Guérin, Jean-Dominique. "Analyse des essais de compression et de traction des aciers après solidification in situ et des essais d'indentation des aciers phosphatés." Valenciennes, 1993. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/b769f69b-4777-454d-94ad-c3bac6b6fab1.
Full textAbbadi, Mohammed. "Influence de la température et de la vitesse de chargement sur les instabilités plastiques du type PLC dans l'alliage 5182 O." Metz, 2000. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2000/Abbadi.Mohammed.SMZ0030.pdf.
Full textIn certain material containing solutes diffusing towards dislocations, one observes a heterogeneous macroscopic deformation during tensile tests for certain loading rates and temperatures, this macroscopic heterogeneity of the deformation is called “Portevin – Le Chatelier” effect ; it results in the presence of serrations or stairs on the traction diagrams. Each serration of stair corresponds to the propagation of deformation bands located along the tensile specimen. The microscopic interpretation of PLC effect is often associated with a dynamic interaction between the clouds of impurities or solute atoms and mobile dislocations. These instabilities which develop during forming process lead to a fall of ductility of material as well as in a bad surface quality of the finished product. This work consists in studying the influence of the temperature and loading rate on plastic instabilities of type Portevin-Le Chatelier in an aluminium alloy of 5000 series in the case of uniaxial tensile tests carried out using hard and soft tensile machines respectively at imposed strain and stress rates. The domain of occurrence of PLC effect in log [varepsilon]. - 1/T, then log [sigma]. - 1/T diagram is closed at high temperatures and loading rates. This result, envisaged by theoretical approaches, is confirmed by the experimental results of this stuudy. This result, envisaged by theoretical approaches, is confirmed by the experimental results of this study. Experimental measurements of the critical strain [varepsilon]c for the oneset of repeated yielding show that [varepsilon]c presents a normal behaviour for high loading rates. However, an inverse behavior is observed at low loading rates. The stress drop [delta][sigma] and reloading times tR increase with strain and generally tend to a maximum value of saturation. Further, the average value of saturation presents a decrease when strain rate increases with two values of slopes rather close to those envisaged by the theory of the diffusion. The results obtained starting from tests carried out on soft machine enabled us to investigate different characteristics of localised deformation bands and to discuss their evolution during the deformation as function of stres rate and variopus test temperatures. The variations of band strain [delta][varepsilon]b present a similarity with those of the critical strain [varepsilon]c : one observes for [delta][varepsilon]b the same transition between inverse and normal behaviours. Band propagation velocities Vb, which present the same variations with strain that the bandwidths Wb, decrease when the stress rate [sigma]. Increases. Certain experimental results were compared with those envisaged by the theoretical models of Hähner, Kubin-Estrin and Brechet-Estrin
Losilla, Gines. "Étude théorique de l'écrouissage anisotrope des métaux et caractérisation expérimentale d'une tôle laminée en traction biaxiale directe." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE10035.
Full textRevaux, Thierry. "Essais de caractérisation mécanique d'alliages métalliques après refusion et solidification in situ." Valenciennes, 1997. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/6951ee34-db16-4128-a234-31197a341776.
Full textLefebvre, Gaëtan. "Commande de machine asynchrone sans capteur de vitesse : Application à la traction ferroviaire." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI129/document.
Full textThe problem of speed sensorless control of induction machine is a well-studied problem in the field of automatic control and electrical engineering. This work addresses the problem of the feasibility of induction machine control over the whole speed range and for any type of induction machine, aiming at being used in a railway application. An intensive study of observability has defined a continuous quantitative measurement of the speed observability, named observability index. An observer was developped to confirme the correspondence between low-observability index areas and poor observation quality. The observability index defined in this thesis is thus a way to predict the observation performance of systems. The main originality of the work presented in this thesis is the use of this observability index in the induction machine speed sensorless drive. By taking advantage of the degree of freedom given by the variation of the flux amplitude, we propose to guarantee the observability index value above a given threshold while respecting the other constraints of the control. The speed observation becomes precise over the entire speed range, and a long time operation is possible on any point, without interfering with torque regulation. Experiments on real-time simulator confirm these results, including when slipping and sliding occurs. The electrical parameter observation is also studied to ensure the accuracy of speed observation. For this, the sensitivity of the speed observation to electrical parameter variations and the observability of these parameters are studied, leading to the definition of the electrical parameter observation strategy. The testings on power bench, and in real application on a regional train, validate the performance of the speed sensorless drive proposed on the entire speed range, and its suitability to the constraints of a railway application
Vafiadès, Virginie. "Caractérisations microstructurale et mécanique de mousses de nickel à cellules ouvertes pour batteries de véhicules hybrides." Paris, ENMP, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ENMP1199.
Full textThe nickel foam production at NiTECH starts with a 10 microns thick coating of nickel onto an open-cell polyurethane foam. The major aim of this study is to reduce the costs of production. For that purpose, the thermal degradation of the polyurethane foam is studied by thermogravimetric analysis and involves three superimposed phenomena. Afterwards, the three phenomena are separated and the thermal degradation is modeled. The dependence of the mechanical behavior of nickel foams upon grain size is studied. The foam walls being very thin, the result is compared with that of nickel foils. Once the microstructure becomes "bamboo", the yield strength remains constant. A mechanical model is finally presented incorporating the grain size effect. Besides, an other application of nickel foam could be found in the fuel cells operating at high temperatures. Tensile creep tests were carried out and the creep parameters were estimated experimentally and incorporated in two mechanical models
Alami, Jaafar el. "Recherche par des essais de traction lente des conditions de corrosion sous contrainte d'aciers faiblement allies." Paris, ENSAM, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ENAM0006.
Full textAttar, Ahmed. "Le béton renforcé de fibres metalliques, matériau anisotrope et hétérogène : caractérisation et modélisation du comportement en traction uniaxiale." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996DENS0011.
Full textDéprez, Pascal. "Contribution à l'étude de la forgeabilité et de la criquabilité des aciers de coulée continue." Valenciennes, 1993. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/7bbe5533-fb40-4a89-a728-8816cc7f22f3.
Full textLemarignier, Thierry. "Fissuration des chaussées en béton armé continu au jeune âge." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523285.
Full textLa, Lance Arnaud de. "Etude du comportement du système pneumatique-sol appliquée à la mobilité des véhicules terrestres." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20176.
Full textSin, Ousphea. "Étude en deux dimensions de l'effet du taux de déformation sur la limite élastique de l'acier structural." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11237.
Full textTran, Hoang Son. "Identification d'un modèle de plasticité cristalline par recalage éléments finis sur des mesures de champs cinématiques issues d'un essai de traction sur des multicristaux d'aluminium pur élaborés par écrouissage critique." Paris 13, 2013. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/secure/edgalilee_th_2013_Tran_Hoang.pdf.
Full textThe purpose of this study is to propose a procedure to identify the parameters of a constitutive model for the mechanical behaviour of single crystal. This procedure consists in a quantitative comparison between finite element simulations of multicrystalline aggregates with experimental results (Force-Displacement curve and strain fields). The kinematic measurement is done thanks to the digital image correlation technique. The optimal values of the material parameters are derived by a minimization of a total cost function which is a weighted sum between two costs functions calculated respectively on the strain field defined on the same area and the tensile force. This study is divided into three stages : The first stage was the preparation of multicrystal samples. The main purpose of the experiment is to study the influence of main parameters to optimize the elaboration process. We have succeeded in producing Aluminium multicrystals with a single layer of quasi-columnar grains of centimeter size and single crystals. The second stage concerns the mechanical test on multicrystals. The samples used in this study contain few centimetre grains crystallographically oriented by X-ray diffraction technique have been analysed at different deformation stages. We examine the scheme of high plastic strain heterogeneity and its evolution with load. The results obtained allow exploiting the identification procedure. The last stage of this study concerns the identification and validation. The finite element mesh geometry is based on the actual 3D morphology of grains. The sensitivity of the strains fields and the global behaviour due to the model parameters and then the crystal orientations were discussed. The influence of some key-elements entering in the identification procedure such as: zones and stages of deformation, the initial set of parameters, the fineness of the mesh and the weights are studied. Another multicrystal was used to validate the identified parameters. In any cases, a good agreement is obtained on the global curve and the prediction of the strain fields
Choi, Won Jong. "Variation de structure du polycarbonate vitreux pendant l'essai de traction observe par mesure du module d'young et du frottement interne." Poitiers, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986POIT2280.
Full textAmani, Yasin. "Modélisation basée sur données de tomographie aux rayons X de l'endommagement et de la conductivité thermique dans les matériaux cellulaires métalliques." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEI036/document.
Full textThe properties of cellular materials depend on their architecture and casting defects. The architecture refers to shape and distribution of the solid phase. Defects correspond to the presence and distribution of cavities or intermetallic particles in the solid phase due to the fabrication procedure. Two types of materials produced by different fabricating routes are studied in this manuscript. On the one hand, two ERG foams with different cell sizes were chosen to study the effect of the presence of intermetallic particles on the plasticity and damage. Micro-tensile tests and nanoindentation experiment were also performed on the struts extracted from the foam to determine their micro elastoplastic behaviour. On the other hand, two structures with the same shape and repetitive pattern but different struts and nodes thicknesses were produced by selective laser melting manufacturing route to study the effect of porosity on plasticity and damage. This PhD-work aimed at developing a generic image-based finite element procedure to take into account the effect of the local porosity and the presence of intermetallic particles into the finite element simulations of the cellular materials. The initial state of the samples was pictured by performing high resolution "local" tomography and "stitching" methods. The 3D geometries were meshed and the local porosity and elastic-plastic properties of each element were directly informed according to high-resolution 3D images. The deformation and fracture procedures of the samples were pictured by performing in-situ/ex-situ experiments coupled with low-resolution tomography scanning. 3D image-based finite element models were developed for the simulation of the tension/compression tests. The microstructurally informed FE models better capture the mechanical behaviour of the cellular structures, especially for the prediction of the fracture. The study also aimed at determining the thermal conductivity of a highly porous ERG foam using image-based finite element calculations. The results were verified by comparing with the measured thermal conductivity from guarded hot plates experiments
Demmerle, Stefan. "Optimisation des essais biaxiaux directs sur les métaux laminés." Grenoble 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE10138.
Full textHomoro, Omayma. "Influence de la pré-imprégnation sur le comportement mécanique des composites verre-matrice ettringitique : étude expérimentale et numérique." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1239/document.
Full textIn recent years, mineral matrix composites have gained great interest in the field of civil engineering, thanks to their multiple advantages such as high tensile strength, pseudo-ductile behavior, ease of implementation, non-toxicity and substrate compatibility. However, the efficiency of these composites is often limited because of the low adhesion of the reinforcement to the matrix. This is due to the low penetrability of matrix particles into the space between the inner filaments of the yarn, which leads to premature failure of the material. The purpose of this work is to improve the yarn-matrix adhesion by pre-impregnating the reinforcement in order to optimize the mechanical behavior of composites. Two pre-impregnation methods were used : conventional pre-impregnation in a wet manner and pre-impregnation in a dry manner. This last is based on an alternating electrostatic field used to impregnate yarns with powder. The first method has already been used in the literature and has improved the mechanical properties of the composite. However, it is suited only for the manufacturing of simple prefabricated elements, unlike the second method, which can be applied for the construction of large elements, or for strengthening or repairing structures in site. This study is based on a multi-scale analysis to investigate the bond problem at the interface scale (yarn-matrix) and at the composite scale (yarn-matrix and textile-matrix). First, pull-out tests were conducted on glass yarns embedded in an ettringitic matrix. Eight configurations were studied to evaluate the effect of the pre-impregnation process and the type of dry pre-impregnation powders. It results that the pull-out behavior is improved by pre-impregnating the yarn in wet and dry manner but, it should be noted that in dry process, the improvement is significant only when using very fine particle powders. A numerical modeling of the pull-out test was also carried out in order to identify the yarn-matrix interface properties. Based on these results, an experimental and numerical study of the tensile behavior of yarn-matrix composites was then carried out. Five configurations were selected, after excluding the yarn pre-treatments that had a negative effect on the yarn-matrix bond. It was found that both processes contribute to a significant increase in the mechanical properties of the composite. In addition, a 3D numerical model has been developed to simulate the tensile test of a dry and pre-impregnated composite. It allowed on the one hand to predict the global behavior of the material and on the other hand to provide a better understanding of this behavior by analyzing the deformation and stress states at the level of the yarn, the matrix and the interface. Finally, a comparison of the effect of the two pre-impregnation processes was established at the textile-matrix composite scale by means of tensile tests and image correlation analysis. Five different types of unidirectional glass fabric were used. The dry pre-impregnation has shown the best improvement in composite performance regardless of fabric density, unlike the wet pre-impregnation, which has its limits when the textile becomes dense
Belhabib, Sofiane. "Développement d'un essai de traction hétérogène et identification d'une loi d'écrouissage et d'un critère de plasticité par recalage éléments finis sur des mesures de champs de déformation finies obtenues par corrélation d'images numériques." Paris 13, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA132029.
Full textChastand, Victor. "Etude du comportement mécanique et des mécanismes d'endommagement de pièces métalliques réalisées par fabrication additive." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ECLI0012/document.
Full textAdditive manufacturing offers new opportunities for industries to manufacture complex parts with no additional tooling and better optimization of the material used.This thesis is about the analysis of the mechanical properties and the damaging mechanisms of parts produced by additive manufacturing, using mechanical properties of casted and wrought parts as reference. This type of analysis is necessary in order to industrialize the process.The tensile and fatigue properties on Titanium Ti-6Al-4V and Aluminium AlSi7Mg0,6 were measured. The effects of the process, the manufacturing direction, the post-machining and the post-heat treatments were compared. Properties are at least at the level of casting.A correlation of these results with microstructures and fracture surfaces was made in order to extract the damaging mechanisms. A method to measure the criticity of the defects in a part was defined. Some of these hypotheses were verified using microtomographic in situ tensile tests
Fayolle, Bruno. "Fragilisation du polypropylène induite par oxydation." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2001. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004023.
Full textMorin, Cedric. "Elaboration par frittage flash de composés céramique/métal pour la protection balistique." Thesis, Dijon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DIJOS004/document.
Full textThis dissertation describes the synthesis of new components for ballistic protection with the assistance of flash sintering. Indeed, the objective is to associate two compounds showing very different sintering temperatures – such as alumina and aluminum, two reference materials for ballistic protection applications.The first synthesis method tested was the elaboration of a bi-material via the sintering of aluminump owder on alumina bulks. This study permitted to observe the formation of the alumina/aluminum bonding by scanning and transmission electron microscopy and to optimize the assembly parameters in order to obtain a bimaterials howing a strong interfacial cohesion. Adapted characterization techniques (X-rays diffraction and Vickers indentation) revealed residual stresses inside the ceramic that stemmed from the difference of thermal expansion coefficients between the two compounds during the cooling of the bi-material. Moreover, these assemblies have been tested with static (indirect tensile) tests and dynamic (ballistic) tests. These tests evincedthe very strong cohesion of the assemblies and permitted to confirm the relevance of static tests, which are easierto set up, for the evaluation of materials for ballistic protection.The other synthesis method considered was the one step sintering of a material displaying a gradient of composition, from pure alumina to pure aluminum with an interphase constituted by alumina/aluminum combinations. From a technical point of view, the flash sintering process proved capable of generating a thermal gradient of several hundreds of degrees inside a sample a few millimeters high, thanks to the use of a specific shape die. Unfortunately, the limited wetting of alumina by aluminum prevents the sintering of the alumina/aluminum mixtures from temperatures being lower than that of pure alumina. On the contrary, this limited wetting leads to an increase in the sintering temperature of the composites of ~200 °C and prevents the preparation of a material showing a composition gradient. Nevertheless, this method permits the synthesis of dense alumina composites (<99 %) containing ~5 wt.% aluminum
Dessolier, Thibaut. "Effet de la température sur les hétérogénéités de déformation plastique dans les alliages de magnésium." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAI094/document.
Full textThe aim of this study is to quantify the intra and intergranular contribution of the deformation during a high temperature micromechanical test on a magnesium alloy (AZ31). In order to answer this scientific issue, we have developed an in situ tensile test at high temperature within a SEM. It has required a significant preparation work in order to push the current technical limits of this type of test on magnesium alloy. These technical limits can partly explain why there are currently few in situ studies at high temperature on magnesium alloys. A local marker in the form of a microgrid was placed on our sample as it does not provide any local contrast for digital image correlation (DIC). Before the deposition of the microgrid, EBSD mapping was made. Using the grain boundaries from the EBSD, we can superimpose the deformed grain boundaries on the strain map from the DIC.Using high temperature in-situ tensile tests, we were able to highlight the effect of the temperature on the different active deformation mechanisms. This whole development work enables us to locate the plastic deformation heterogeneities both according to the evolution of the deformation and for several temperatures. From the tests conducted, it has been shown that the higher the temperature, the more heterogeneous the plastic deformation heterogeneities are located in the vicinity of the grain boundaries. Based on a heart/coat hypothesis, we were able to quantify the intra and intergranular contribution, and show that it became more important with temperature
Hakem, Naoual. "Etude de l'interaction des dommages de fatigue et de deformation progressive : effet d'un chargement primaire (entraction) sur la resistance a la fatigue oligocyclique en torsion de l'acier 304l a temperature ambiante." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066422.
Full textPodgorski, Michael. "Rôle des interfaces dans les propriétés macroscopiques de composites C/C." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR13852.
Full textC/C composites are widely used as structural parts in oxiding environment. Yet, they become very sensitive to air oxidation for temperature higher than 400°C. This work proposed two methods to improve their oxidation resistance :(i) the fiber/matrix bond is increased by modifying the properties of the carbon fiber surface, and (ii) a fraction of the carbon matrix is substitued by an oxide phase.Introduction of new constituants leads to the creation of new material interfaces. Thus, the influence of the interfaces on the macroscopic properties of the composite is evaluated by physico-chemical and macroscopic characterizations
Garcia, Juan-Manuel. "Caractérisation mécanique d'alliages de titane soudés par friction linéaire." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEM045.
Full textThe mechanical properties in terms of tensile behaviour, fatigue strength and toughness of Linear FrictionWelded (LFW) Titanium (Ti) alloys were studied and compared to the parent materials' (PM) behaviour. LFWis a solid state joining process that could be used for assembling heavily loaded structures in the aerospaceindustry. Since the Weld Centre Zone (WCZ) of a similar Ti6242 LFW joint exhibited overmatching strength,its fracture mechanisms and ductility were investigated by micro-tensile tests using notched specimens. Theyrevealed some ductility and a mixture of brittle and ductile fracture mechanisms. Local strain and normalizedstrain rate fields on smooth samples were assessed by Stereo Digital Image Correlation (SDIC) and showedan early plastic activity at yielding in the vicinity of the WCZ, attributed to residual stresses. For the target lifeof 105 cycles, the fatigue strength was slightly reduced but compromised by a strong scatter that was relatedto prior to welding contamination. The LFW self-cleaning mechanism also failed to extrude the contaminantsat the weld interface of a dissimilar Ti17-Ti64 LFW joint that led to pseudo-brittle fracture at a defect layerin the WCZ. For a pre-cleaned dissimilar Ti17-Ti64 LFW joint, ductile rupture was observed sometimes atthe Ti64 PM and sometimes at the Ti17 thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), due to a depletion ofthe strengthening alpha phase. Fatigue cracks initiated at the weak Ti17 TMAZ with a reduced fatigue strengthcompared to the PM. Fracture toughness was significantly reduced and the fracture surface at the TMAZhighlighted unexpected clusters of parallel and elongated voids. These trends were also observed for a similarTi17 LFW joint. Comparable mechanical properties to those of the Ti17 PM were successfully regained bymeans of a post-weld heat treatment
Béal, Coline. "Mechanical behaviour of a new automotive high manganese TWIP steel in the presence of liquid zinc." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAL0029/document.
Full textHigh manganese TWIP (TWinning Induced Plasticity) steels are particularly attractive for automotive applications because of their exceptional properties of strength combined with an excellent ductility. However, as austenitic steels, they appear to be sensitive to liquid zinc embrittlement during welding, the liquid zinc arising from the melted coating due to the high temperatures reached during the welding process. In this framework, the cracking behaviour of a high manganese austenitic steel has been investigated in relation to the liquid metal embrittlement (LME) phenomenon by hot tensile tests carried out on electro-galvanized specimens using a Gleeble 3500 thermomechanical simulator. The influence of different parameters such as temperature and strain rate on cracking behaviour has been studied. Embrittlement appears within a limited range of temperature depending on experimental conditions. Conditions for which cracking occurs could be experienced during welding processes. The existence of a critical stress above which cracking appears has been evidenced and this critical stress can be used as a cracking criterion. Finally, the study of the influence of different parameters such as time of contact between steel and liquid zinc before stress application, coating and steel on LME occurrence provides understanding elements of LME mechanism and permits to suggest solutions for preventing cracking during spot welding of such steels
Bale, Jefri Semuel. "The damage observation of composite using non destructive testing (NDT) method." Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100067/document.
Full textThe aim of this study is to investigate the damage behaviour of composite material in static and fatigue condition with non destructive testing (NDT) thermography method and supported by acoustic emission and also computed tomography (CT) scan. Thermography and acoustic emission are used in real-time monitoring techniques during the test. On the other hand, NDT observation of tomography is used for a post-failure analysis. In order to achive this, continuous glass fiber composite (GFRP) and discontinuous carbon fiber composite (DCFC) have been used as the test specimens which supplied by PSA Company, France. A series of mechanical testing was carried out to determine the damage behaviour under static and fatigue loading. During all the mechanical testing, thermography was used in real-time observation to follow the temperature change on specimen surface and supported by acoustic emission in certain condition. This study used rectangular shape and consist of specimen with and without circular notches (hole) at the center. The constant displacement rate is applied to observe the effect on damage behaviour under tensile static loading. Under fatigue testing, the constant parameter of frequency and amplitude of stress was explored for each load level to have the fatigue properties and damage evolution of specimen. The tomography was used to confirm the appearance of damage and material condition after fatigue testing. The analysis from the experiment results and NDT observation shown the good agreement between mechnical results and NDT thermography with supported by acoustic emission observation in detect the appearance and propagation of damage for GFRP and DCFC under static loading. Fatigue testing shows that thermal dissipation is related to the damage evolution and also thermography and can be successfully used to determine high cycle fatigue strength (HCFS) and S-N curve of fiber composite material. From post failure analysis, CT scan analysis successfully measured and evaluated damage and material condition after fatigue test for fiber composite material. v
Morin, Cédric. "Elaboration par frittage flash de composés céramique/métal pour la protection balistique." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00764955.
Full textHarirforoush, Mohammad Javad. "Effet de l'oxydation TEMPO des fibres de lin sur l'efficacité de greffage des agents de couplage silane." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11507.
Full textLes demandes des fibres naturelles comme matériaux de renforcement ont reçu beaucoup d'attentions et d'intérêts en raison de leurs avantages uniques tels que la dérivation directe de la terre, la durabilité, la dérivabilité, etc. En outre, l'emploi des fibres végétales comme matières premières dans l'ingénierie et les industries peut favoriser l'agriculture durable. La culture du lin oléagineux est passée de 600 000 à 800 000 hectares au cours des dernières années au Canada. Cela peut également constituer un excellent potentiel d'utilisation des déchets de lin (paille), 2 000 kg par an par année, en tant que matériaux de renfort dans l'industrie et promouvoir l'agriculture durable. Ces énormes quantités de résidus de lin sont généralement brûlées ou jetées, ce qui entraîne l'émission de CO2 dans l'atmosphère. Au cours des deux dernières décennies, l'emploi de fibres naturelles dans les biocomposites comme possibilité à l'élimination des résidus de lin a suscité beaucoup d'intérêt et d'attention. L'augmentation spectaculaire des publications au cours de cette période prend en charge ce fait. Cette attention et cet intérêt ont été attribués à la sensibilisation du public, aux restrictions légales et aux préoccupations environnementales associées aux fibres synthétiques. En outre, les avantages importants des fibres naturelles, comme la faible consommation de résine, l'usure des outils, l'efficacité des coûts; la disponibilité, l'environnement, la dégradabilité, la faible densité et les propriétés spécifiques élevés ont transformé la demande des fibres naturelles très favorable. Cependant, la nature hydrophile des fibres cellulosiques comme inconvénient principal les rend incompatibles avec des matrices polymères hydrophobes. Cette mauvaise compatibilité entre les fibres cellulosiques et les matrices polymères attribue principalement à la présence de groupes fonctionnels hydroxyles sur l'ossature des fibres de lin qui provoque des propriétés hydrophiles des fibres cellulosiques et une faible adhérence interfaciale entre les fibres cellulosiques et les matrices polymères. L'objectif principal de cette thèse de recherche est de convertir des groupes alcooliques primaires (OH) disponibles à la surface de la fibre de lin en groupes carboxylés par l'emploi d'un système d'oxydation TEMPO afin de faciliter le traitement du silane. Par la suite, les groupes carboxylés peuvent interagir plus facilement avec des agents de couplage au silane. La fonctionnalité de surface des fibres reçues et traitées a été caractérisée en utilisant la spectroscopie à infrarouge à transformer de Fourier et à la Spectrométrie photo électronique X. Un tensiomètre à angle de contact dynamique a été utilisé pour comparer la mouillabilité des fibres oxydées et non oxydées après le traitement au silane. L'interaction entre les fibres de lin et le polymère a été caractérisée en utilisant une microscopie électronique à balayage (MÉB). Les résultats indiquent que l'oxydation TEMPO a considérablement amélioré l'efficacité de liaison des agents de couplage silane sur la surface de la fibre. Ainsi, la compatibilité entre les fibres de lin et la résine époxy a été améliorée. En outre, l'absorption d'eau des fibres modifiées a été considérablement réduite, tandis que l'angle de contact des fibres de lin a été augmenté.
Goussery-Vafiadès, Virginie. "Caractérisations microstructurale et mécanique de mousses de nickel à cellules ouvertes pour batteries de véhicules hybrides." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007551.
Full textLe principal objectif de cette étude est la réduction des coûts de production tout en améliorant les caractéristiques mécaniques de la mousse. Une des actions de progrès consiste à optimiser le traitement thermique. Pour ce faire, dans une première partie, une optimisation de la dégradation thermique du polyuréthanne est étudiée par analyse thermogravimétrique. La dégradation sous air conduit à la superposition de trois phénomènes dont les énergies d'activation associées ont été calculées par la méthode de Kissinger. Après déconvolution des courbes ATG afin de dégager la contribution de chacun des phénomènes, un modèle de dégradation thermique est proposé.
Dans une seconde partie, l'influence de la taille de grains sur les propriétés mécaniques de la mousse a été étudiée. Les caractérisations métallurgiques ont permis une analyse du grossissement des grains qui s'opère durant le recuit. La technique EBSD a permis de savoir si les brins de nickel conservent la texture inhérente à celle du dépôt électrolytique et si la structure cristalline du nickel recuit est isotrope. De plus, cette technique s'est révélée fort pratique pour distinguer les grains des macles de recuit. L'influence de la taille des grains sur les propriétés mécaniques a été étudiée via la loi de Hall-Petch. Les parois des brins de nickel étant très fines, de l'ordre de 10 microns, la croissance des grains et le comportement mécanique peuvent être différents par rapport à du nickel massif. Les résultats obtenus pour les mousses de nickel ont donc été comparés, d'une part avec ceux recensés dans la littérature pour le nickel pur et dense, et d'autre part avec des feuillards de nickel de 10 et 50 microns d'épaisseur. La loi de Hall-Petch est observée pour des tailles de grains inférieures à l'épaisseur des feuillards ou à la paroi des brins dans le cas des mousses, tandis que lorsque la microstructure devient "bambou", la limite d'élasticité reste constante. Finalement, un modèle mécanique, dans l'esprit de celui de Gibson & Ashby, est présenté en incorporant l'effet de la taille des grains sur la limite d'élasticité et le module plastique.
Les piles à combustible constituent un autre marché potentiel pour les mousses de nickel, demandant de hautes températures de fonctionnement. Pour connaître le comportement de la mousse à haute température, des essais de fluage en traction ont été réalisés, d'une part entre 100 et 200°C sous air et d'autre part, entre 500 et 700°C sous vide primaire. Les paramètres de fluage, à savoir, l'exposant de Norton et l'énergie d'activation ont été déterminés expérimentalement et incorporés dans deux modèles mécaniques reposant sur la déformation des brins par flexion ou par traction.
Aljaber, Khula Ganhi jahsim. "Elaboration et caractérisation de membranes nanofibreuses electrospinnées : influence de la rhéologie des polymères, de la structuration du réseau de fibres et de ses propriétés mécaniques." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAI025/document.
Full textElectrospinning, an original polymer process under high electric fields to produce a network of thin fiber having a micrometer diameter, is widely used for the synthesis of nanofibrous non-woven membranes. The fabricated electrospun membranes have a high porosity and a high surface to volume ratio. Indeed, they reveal much interest and have been much developed in the last decades, which paves the way for numerous applications such as sensing, tissue engineering or drug delivery. Current research aims to have fibrous membranes with a controlled architecture using various types of collectors.This thesis is part of a global and emerging project that focuses on the production of structured scaffolds nanofibers based on biopolymers and dedicated to the therapeutic strategy for the regeneration of soft tissues.In the present work, the first focus was to develop new biocompatible and bioresorbable materials composed of nanoscale fibers obtained by electrospinning. In addition, this study examined the influence of viscosity, concentration, and surface tension of PEO solutions on the obtained fibers. Further, the flow rate, applied voltage and environmental parameters (temperature and humidity) were also optimized in the course of nanofibers production.Biocompatible fibers have been obtained by using PEO. It is a linear polymer that consists of ethylene and ether segments [-CH2CH2O-]n. The ether oxygen allows this polymer to interact with other hydrophilic species, while the ethylene part participates in hydrophobic interactions. Due to its water solubility, non-toxicity and electrospinn ability, PEO has been used as an additive in biopolymer solutions to enable the formation of electrospun fibers. The mechanical strength of the PEO depended on the molecular weight, the conformation of the polymer chains and the fiber scale, the structure of the network.The second major effort of this thesis focused on the control of the mesh fibers. Such research activity is justified by the expected influence of the morphology of the fiber network on the mechanical properties of scaffolds and their biomimetic character that could favor the colonization and growth of the cells of the host tissue. The control of this structure has been achieved through the development of collectors.The objective of this project is making non-woven fibrous structures in uncontrolled architecture as well as non-woven with controlled architecture by using the electrospinning process. These fibrous structures are obtained from Poly(ethylene oxide), PEO, solutions with different concentration and molecular weight. The deposit of fibers is made on two types of collectors: a) Aluminum foil, b) micro-structured collector (dimension 3×3 cm). The morphological analyses of the membranes were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and their mechanical properties were characterized by tensile test using the ARESG2 rheometer. The morphology of the electrospun polymer gradually changes from beads to uniform fibers with increasing polymer concentration and molecular weight. A comparative study of the morphological and mechanical (tensile test) properties, of both fibrous structures is performed. This study showed that it is possible to have a distribution of fiber forming a very uniform primitive cell in a network of dimension 3×3 cm. This structured network has a strain at the break more important than that for the network fibers, which are collected on Aluminum foil
Ponsot, Bernard. "Influence de la matrice sur le comportement a long terme de composites carbone-epoxyde." Paris, ENMP, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ENMP0058.
Full textBrara, Ahmed. "Étude expérimentale de la traction dynamique du béton par écaillage." Metz, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1999/Brara.Ahmed.SMZ9928.pdf.
Full textRenault, Michel. "Tolerance a l'endommagement de composites carbone-resine et stratifies t300-914." Paris, ENMP, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ENMP0109.
Full textCroizet, Didier. "Etude experimentale et numérique du comportement à haute température d'un nitrure de silicium." Paris, ENMP, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ENMP0516.
Full textChentouf, Sid-Ahmed. "Simulation et essais dynamiques sur stators de moteurs de traction." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00776475.
Full textChentouf, Sid-Hamed Benabdallah. "Simulation et essais dynamiques sur stators de moteurs de traction." Thesis, Besançon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BESA2002/document.
Full textMastering numerical simulations of the behaviour of railway stators remains an important challenge for designers. This allows both the understanding of some physical phenomena and the improvement of design in presence of different sources of uncertainties. The approach proposed in this work consists firstly on building and validating a numerical model of a typical design stator. By carrying out numerical-experimental confrontations and updating models, this first step allowed us to characterize the mean behavior of this heterogeneous assembling and mainly to establish generic modeling rules for other design stators. The second part of this work deals with the investigation of uncertainties affecting the structure or its model. In order to take into account all uncertainties types while performing a calculation of uncertainties propagation, a stochastic hybrid method, combining parametric and non-parametric models, was proposed. Because of the large sizes of finite element models of stators, the problem is treated in a component mode synthesis context. It amounts to carry out an approach reanalysis. In order to ensure a good compromise between reasonable calculation times and an acceptable precision, a generalized variant of the Combined Approximations method (VCA) has been introduced and adapted to component mode synthesis. The VCA method allows both a significant gain in computation time, comparing to an exact calculation, and a high robustness performance comparing to a standard reduction method or an improved method by static residual vectors
Casanova, Pascal. "Bétons renforcés de fibres métalliques : du matériau à la structure. Etude expérimentale et analyse du comportement de poutres soumises à la flexion et à l'effort tranchant." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523261.
Full textBen, Hafsia Khaoula. "Identification des micro-mécanismes de déformation du PET amorphe et semi-cristallin in situ au cours d’un essai mécanique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0081/document.
Full textAccording to their formulations and forming processes and thanks to the complexity of their induced microstructure, thermoplastic polymers show a wide range of thermomechanical properties. However, the identification of the evolution of the microstructure of these materials during their use remains difficult. To better understand the microstructural changes occurring during thermomechanical loadings, various in situ and non-destructive techniques of characterization have been used. In this context, a Poly (Ethylene Terephthalate) (PET) amorphous and semi-crystalline was studied in order to highlight the effect of the microstructure on the macroscopic properties of the material. This way, different coupling systems combining several experimental characterization techniques have been implemented such as Raman spectroscopy and X-rays diffraction/scattering coupled to the VidéoTraction™ system or Raman spectroscopy coupled with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) for the characterization of the deformation micro-mechanisms and the thermal behavior of the material respectively. Monitoring specific vibrational bands thoroughly identified allowed the establishment of a new robust criterion which enables to accurately measure the crystallinity ratio of the material and the identification of the characteristic temperatures of its morphology (Tg, Tc, Tcc, Tm). In addition, a relaxational characterization system by coupling dynamic dielectric spectroscopy to a tensile test has been used in order to highlight the effect of molecular mobility on the elasto-visco-plastic deformation of PET. From a mechanical point of view, the main deformation micro-mechanisms have been studied in real time during a tensile test at different temperatures and constant true strain rates: macromolecular orientation, volume damage, development of mesophase and strain induced crystallization were observed and quantified in situ using the coupled characterization technics presented previously at Petra III (Hambourg) and Elettra (Trieste) synchrotrons. In parallel, a study of the molecular mobility (a determining parameter for the predominance of one deformation micromechanism to another) was conducted via relaxational analysis performed during the deformation of the material. In addition to in situ experiments, post mortem analysis by the previously mentioned technics and by X radiography, scanning electron microscopy and X tomography were performed to assess the influence of the mechanical relaxation of the polymer
Orgéas, Laurent. "Étude expérimentale et numérique du comportement thermomécanique d'un alliage à mémoire de forme industriel NiTi." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10256.
Full textMuracciole, Jean-Michel. "Influence de la vitesse de deformation sur le comportement du polymethacrylate de methyle a la temperature ambiante." Poitiers, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987POIT2202.
Full textSchamm, Sylvie. "Sur l'élaboration des composites SiC/Al par le procédé au K2ZrF6 bases physico-chimiques et incidence sur la résistance des fibres." Phd thesis, Bordeaux 1, 1989. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00374529.
Full textLandron, Caroline. "Ductile damage characterization in Dual-Phase steels using X-ray tomography." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00738820.
Full textHarry, Emmanuelle. "Stabilité mécanique et modes d'endommagement de revêtements multicouches à base de tungstène et de tungstène-carbone élaborés par PVD." Grenoble INPG, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPG0071.
Full textBraun, Philipp. "Comportement thermo-hydro-mécanique de l´argilite du Callovo-Oxfordien : Effets des chemins de contrainte et des variations de température." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC1004.
Full textExtensive research is carried out by the French National Radioactive Waste Management Agency (Andra), in order to characterize the Callovo-Oxfordian (COx) claystone, a candidate host rock for a deep geological radioactive waste repository in France. The hydromechanical behaviour of the rock due to the excavation of the galleries are studied, as well as the thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) response arising from heat generated by the exothermic waste packages. A laboratory programme was carried out in this work to characterize the response of COx claystone to different THM loadings within the framework of transversely isotropic thermo-poro-elasticity.Due to the very low permeability of the COx claystone, laboratory experiments have to be adapted for long saturation and drainage durations. Analytical solutions are presented for the time dependent pore pressure field in a specimen submitted to various loading paths and different rates. This provides a simple and efficient tool for the estimation of the conditions that must hold for reliable determination of material parameters. It allows as well an optimization of various test conditions.Based on this approach, a new transient step loading procedure was developed for isotropic tests in drained and undrained conditions, under both thermal and mechanical loading. This protocols render experiments on low permeable rocks more time efficient, giving access to several THM parameters and permeability measurements in a single test.In isotropic compression tests, pore pressure tests, and deviatoric loading tests parallel and perpendicular to the bedding plane, poroelastic properties were investigated on saturated rock specimens. The performed experiments provide compatible material parameters at different stress levels, evidencing a significant transverse isotropy, which had little effects on the back-calculated Biot’s coefficients and more effects on Skempton's coefficients.Thermal loads were exerted on COx specimens along different heating and cooling paths. Drained and undrained thermal expansion coefficients along both the transverse isotropic directions were determined. The measurement of pore pressure changes yielded the thermal pressurization coefficient, with a stress and temperature dependency identified.Thermo-hydro-mechanical loading paths corresponding to the paths expected in situ at the symmetry axis between two microtunnels, in which canisters are placed, were mimicked in the laboratory. Using a specially developed novel triaxial device, samples were heated with no radial strain allowed, until thermally induced pore pressures caused effective tensile stresses, which ultimately fractured the material at axial effective stresses around -3.0 MPa. Fracturing under different lateral total stresses allow to describe the failure with Fairhurst's generalized Griffith criterion. Using the THM properties evaluated earlier in the study, one is able to satisfactorily reproduce the observed deformations under tension.Last of all, a thermo-poroelastic model was implemented in the finite element solver Freefem++. The THM behaviour around parallel microtunnels in periodic layout is simulated in a 2D configuration. This helps to better understand the spatial arrangement of THM processes, heat and fluid transport, and the change of stress states with respect to the presented failure criterion
Foret, Gilles. "Effets d'échelle dans la rupture des composites unidirectionnels." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529383.
Full textInghels, Eric. "Comportement mecanique de composites a fibres et matrices ceramiques : definition d'une methode d'analyse dans le cas de deux composites tisses a matrice de carbure de silicium." Paris, ENMP, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ENMP0036.
Full textBollo-Kamara, Nicholas Odunola. "Étude de la mobilisation du frottement d'un géotextile sollicite en traction dans un milieu analogique bidimensionnel." Lyon, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAL0071.
Full textThis thesis contributes to the understanding of the mechanism (friction) governing the behaviour of fabrics (geotextiles) subjected to tensile forces. A review of existing literature on friction mobilisation at soil-geotextile interface as well as test methods (shear and pull out or extraction) with respect to the latter are presented. A theoretical analysis of the behaviour of geotextiles under extraction in non cohesive soils is arso resented. The resulting constitutive relationships provide the basis for the exploitation of the pull out tests carried out to determine the interface law parameters. The experimental study includes pull out tests in a bidimensional analogue model (SCHNEEBELI's cylindrical steel rollers), and friction tests using shear equipement for an eventual comparison with the extraction test results