Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Essai triaxial'
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Saïghi, Ali. "Comparaison des essais au laboratoire et in situ : exemple du triaxial et du pressiomètre." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ECAP0689.
Full textTaghzouti, Abdellatif. "Comportement cyclique tridimensionnel des sols : Expérience et modélisation." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ECAP0442.
Full textLiu, Hua. "Étude des comportements de sols naturels." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ECAP0649.
Full textSong, Yongxiang. "Réalisation du système triaxial assisté par ordinateur et étude du cisaillement direct 3D pour joints rocheux." Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10209.
Full textChazallon, Cyrille. "Modélisation du comportement mécanique de géomatériaux cimentés." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ECAP0517.
Full textHomsi, Mahmoud. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés mécaniques des sols en petites déformations à l'essai triaxial." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ECAP0009.
Full textHattab, Mahdia. "Étude expérimentale du comportement dilatant des argiles surconsolidées." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ECAP0437.
Full textWu, Kai. "Étude du cisaillement des matériaux granulaires homogènes et hétérogènes par expérimentation et simulation de l'essai triaxial." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10028/document.
Full textThis research work aims at studying the shear behavior of homogeneous and heterogeneous granular materials by triaxial test. The work is performed on glass beads both in laboratory tests and by numerical simulations in DEM (Discrete Element Method). From an experimental point of view, tests are first performed on homogeneous samples (monodisperse beads), then expands to heterogeneous cases like monodisperse systems comprising a large inclusion and bidisperse mixtures. From a numerical point of view, a cylindrical rigid wall boundary condition, based on the Lamé formula is integrated into an existing discrete elements code. A series of procedures is proposed to model the triaxial test in conditions similar to experimental tests. The numerical and experimental results are compared both for monodisperse and heterogeneous systems. The numerical model can reproduce deviatoric curves very satisfactorily in all experimental conditions. It also allows describing correctly the volumetric strains of the sample despite the simplicity of the boundary condition used. The developed numerical tool is an interesting complement to experiment triaxial tests. It makes it possible to study the influence of micromechanical parameters on the overall behavior of materials
Hammad, Tammam. "Comportement des sédiments marins de grande profondeur : approche multiéchelle." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00559400.
Full textDupray, Fabrice. "Comportement du béton sous fort confinement : Étude en compression et en extension triaxiales à l'échelle mésoscopique." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00365786.
Full textBahda, Fatiha. "Etude du comportement du sable à l'appareil triaxial : expérience et modélisation." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523153.
Full textOnaisi, Atef. "Mécanismes de rupture d'une plaque percée en mécanique des roches en relation avec un forage pétrolier." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ECAP0108.
Full textLateb, Ghania. "Hétérogénéité d'une formation géologique sur 100 km ? : comparaison d'une argile remaniée et non remaniée." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ECAP0659.
Full textLi, Gang. "Etude de l'influence de l'étalement granulométrique sur le comportement mécanique des matériaux granulaires." Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ECDN0014.
Full textThe mechanical behavior of granular materials is dependent not only on the characteristics of the particles, but also on their arrangement. The aim of this thesis is to study the grain size distribution effect on granular materials behavior both from idealized spheres to natural soils, using lab experiments and discrete or continuous simulations. Experimental data on glass beads or Hostun sand specimens, as well as 3D discrete simulations, highlight the significant effect of the grain size distribution, represented by the coefficient of uniformity Cu, upon the stress-strain behavior and more especially upon the critical state of the granular specimens: (i) for the same initial void ratio and the same initial confining pressure, the specimen with a wider particle distribution exhibits more contractive behavior in drained tests and (ii) the critical state line is shifted downward inthe e-p’ plane whereas the coefficient of uniformity is increased. A relationship between the location of the CSL and Cu was established. More, specimens with different grain size distributions reach almost the same stress ratio (q/p’) at critical state. In other words, the grain size distribution affects the void ratio at critical state but not the friction angle at critical state. In addition, we performed undrained triaxial tests on samples with similar relative density and under the same initialconfining pressure. Based on the analyses of the sign of the second-order work; the undrained instability of these granular materials was analyzed, demonstrating a significant influence of the GSD: increasing the coefficient of uniformity enhances the static liquefaction potential. Based on both DEM and laboratory testing, an exponential relationship between the parameters defining the position and the slope of the critical state line in the e-p’ plane and Cuvalue was established. A simple elasto-plastic model accounting for the influence of the grain size distribution on the mechanical behavior of granular materials was developed. Drained and undrained triaxial compression tests on DEM material, glass balls and Hostun sand were used to calibrate and validate the model. All comparisons between the experimental results (including DEM results) and the simulations demonstrate the capacity of the model to reproduce with good accuracy the mechanical behavior of granular materials with different grain size distribution
Seif, El Dine Bassel. "Etude du comportement mécanique des sols grossiers à matrice." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2007. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002992.
Full textVu, Xuan Hong. "Caractérisation expérimentale du béton sous fort confinement : influences du degré de saturation et du rapport eau/ciment." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00304343.
Full textL'analyse des essais triaxiaux effectués sur le béton de référence montre que le degré de saturation du béton a une influence majeure sur son comportement statique sous fort confinement. Cette influence se remarque particulièrement sur la capacité de chargement du béton et sur la forme de la courbe des états limites pour des degrés de saturation supérieurs à 50%. La capacité de chargement du béton augmente avec la pression de confinement pour des essais sur du béton sec tandis qu'au-delà d'une pression de confinement donnée, elle reste limitée pour du béton humide ou saturé. Les modes de rupture du béton se présentent sous forme de bandes de localisation. L'inclinaison de ces bandes évolue avec le niveau de contrainte atteint dans le matériau et s'oriente perpendiculaire à la direction axiale lorsque ce niveau devient important.
L'analyse des essais triaxiaux réalisés sur les bétons possédant des rapports eau/ciment différents met en évidence que sous faible confinement, le comportement du béton est gouverné par la résistance de la matrice cimentaire. Sous fort confinement, le béton se comporte comme un empilement granulaire sans aucune influence de la résistance de la matrice cimentaire. Ainsi la courbe d'états limites et les modes de rupture du béton sont sensibles à son rapport eau/ciment pour de faibles niveaux de confinement mais insensibles à ce paramètre au-delà une contrainte moyenne critique.
Vernay, Mathilde. "Etude expérimentale de l'influence du degré de saturation sur le comportement instable du sable de Fontainebleau sous sollicitation cyclique : application aux risques de liquéfaction." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAC013/document.
Full textThis work aims to study influence of saturation degree on unstable behavior under cyclic loading, and more specifically against risks of liquefaction. The potential of liquefaction of Fontainebleau sand is evaluated experimentally, in function of its initial degree of saturation. A theoretical frame is established, defining three areas of saturation states: a fully saturated zone, where pore fluid consists only of water; a nearly-saturated zone, where pore fluid consists of water and dissolved or occluded air, and where effects of suction are neglected; an unsaturated zone, where gaseous phase is considered as continuous, and suction is positive. Boundaries of this theoretical frame are defined in terms of saturation degree. Each zone is then experimentally investigated. Cyclic triaxial tests are performed. For each test, initial conditions of saturation are imposed, in agreement with saturation conditions parameters defined in the theoretical frame. For unsaturated zone investigation, a special equipment of Negative Water Column is developed and used in the laboratory in order to obtain initial conditions of suction in the sample. For nearly-saturated zone investigation, initial conditions of saturation are imposed through a calibration curve, linking Skempton coefficient B and saturation degree, previously obtained in the laboratory. Results show that Fontainebleau sand liquefies under cyclic loading, even when initial saturation degree is below 100%. More specifically, every sample tested on the nearly-saturated zone are in a complete state of liquefaction after cyclic loading is applied. Samples on the unsaturated zone did not show any sign of instability, under same conditions of stress applied and density. It seems that distribution pattern of pore fluids within granular material plays a major role regarding potential of liquefaction. In state of stress and density tested in this study, continuous air phase and positive suction prevent granular material from liquefaction. On the contrary, if dissolved or occluded air as a pore fluid delays the onset of instabilities and liquefaction, it does not prevent it
Michali, Aphrodite-Ioanna. "Méthode pour l'identification des paramètres d'une loi élastoplastique à partir d'essais de laboratoire et in-situ : Modélisation numérique du tassement d'un remblai sur sol compressible." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ECAP0384.
Full textVu, Xuan Hong. "Caractérisation expérimentale du béton sous fort confinement : influences du degré de saturation et du rapport eau/ciment." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10115.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis concerns tests conducted using a static triaxial press that allows to obtain stress levels of the order of the giga Pascal. The analysis oftriaxial tests performed on concrete samples with different saturation ratios shows that the saturation ratio of concrete has a major influence on its static behaviour under high confinement. The concrete loading capacity increases with the confmement pressure for tests on dry concrete wheareas beyond a given confinement pressure, it remains limited for wet or saturated concrete. The analysis of triaxial tests carried out on concretes possessing different water/cement ratios highlights that under low confinement, the concrete behaviour is governed by the cementitious matrix strength. Under high confinement, the concrete behaves like a granular stacking without any influence ofthe cementitious matrix strength
Kharaghani, Saeed. "Localisation des grandes déformations au laboratoire et in situ." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ECAP0373.
Full textAbdoulaye, Hama Nadjibou. "Comportement mécanique des sols granulaires et critères de stabilité : application à l’érosion interne." Thesis, Le Havre, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LEHA0006/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to understand the phenomenon of suffusion (internal erosion) in its process and its effects on the mechanical behavior of loose soil by establishing a direct or indirect relationship between the internal stability of these materials and failure criterion. Numerical modeling and experimental tests analyzed the internal erosion in terms of the suffusion. The main tests used are : - Water flows through a granular material in a column. - Undrained shear triaxial tests. For numerical modeling, PFC3D was used for simulations of triaxial tests and the treatment of solid fluid coupling was possible through a CFD type of option (Coupling Fluid Dynamics). This DEM code has allowed the development of a new method of generating granular sample from its grading curve and its target porosity. The evolutions of porosity, grading curves and the state of internal stability before and after discharge were identified as indicator of suffusion. Kenney & Lau and Kezdi stability criteria were used to assess the internal stability of samples. The consequences of suffusion were expressed by: A reduction of the internal friction angle in the case of an internal suffusion; an increase of the friction angle in the case of an external suffusion. Comparisons of experimental and numerical results for both flows and triaxial tests have shown good agreements. Finally, a proposal of a new criterion of internal stability is established, it is deducted from the analysis of the relationship between the mechanical behavior and internal stability, including the material contractance
Hoang, Thi Than Nhan. "Étude du comportement d'un milieu rocheux fracturé : application à la réalisation du tunnel de St Béat (France 31)." Thesis, Paris Est, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PEST1066/document.
Full textThe design of civil engineering structures in fractured rock masses requires knowledge of their mechanical behavior. The fractured rock masses are usually very complex and separated in matrix and rock discontinuities. This thesis aims to study the mechanical behavior of St Beat tunnel rock mass. The thesis is divided into three parts. We study first the predominant phenomena and factors affecting the mechanical behavior of rock masses. In the second part, we perform separately experimental studies on the mechanical behavior of matrix and rock discontinuities. Finally, in the last section, we present a 2D model of the fractured rock mass behavior during the digging of the tunnel. The experimental study is based on the marbles encountered on the future tunnel site. The rock matrix behavior is studied using triaxial compression tests on intact rock samples. The damage evolution is characterized using propagation velocities measurements of elastic waves. A failure envelope by Mohr-Coulomb linear criterion is proposed for the rock matrix. The shear behavior of natural discontinuities is investigated under different loading conditions (normal stress or constant normal stiffness imposed). The discontinuities surfaces topography is measured before and after each mechanical test to determine the roughness statistical parameters. The influence of the normal stress, the normal stiffness, the initial roughness and the shear rate on the discontinuities behavior is demonstrated. A behavior law is proposed for each type of test.The mechanical properties obtained are introduced into the code UDEC to model the rock mass behavior with the presence of the tunnel, under different boundary conditions. The response in terms of deformations and stresses induced around the tunnel is analyzed
Han, Bei. "Etude expérimentale du calcaire et la constitution de modèle micro-macro pour les roches typiquement poreuses." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1I038/document.
Full textIn this work, a series of experimental investigations have been performed on the basic mechanical behavior, permeability evolution and effects of pore pressure on plastic deformation and failure of Anstrude limestone. The obtained results allow to identifying two plastic deformation mechanisms, their effects on the permeability evolution, and the effects of pore pressure on plastic deformation and failure of water saturated limestone. Based on experimental data, the validity of effective stress concept for plastic yielding and failure strength is discussed. For modelling of mechanical behavior of porous rock, a micromechanics-based model is firstly developed on basis of a recent Gurson-type model for porous material with a Mises–Schleicher matrix. Considering that the high-porosity rock exhibits a volumetric compaction under low confining pressure, a non-associated model is then proposed. The proposed model is firstly applied and extended to describe the mechanical and poromechanical behaviors of Lixhe chalk. Numerical simulations show that the proposed model describes correctly the main features of the chalk. On considering the mechanical behavior of porous limestone, the model is then extended to describe the mechanical behavior of studied limestone by taking the effect of porosity evolution into account in the hardening effect of solid matrix. From a high porosity chalk to a medium porosity limestone, the proposed model is finally verified in different loading conditions through comparisons between the numerical predictions and experimental data for both drained and undrained tests
Fella, Thierry. "Contribution a l'etude du comportement thermomecanique de sols non satures : mise au point d'un appareil triaxial thermique." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30229.
Full textBortzmeyer, Denis. "Compaction des poudres ceramiques." Paris, ENMP, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ENMP0237.
Full textDupray, Fabrice. "Comportement du béton sous fort confinement : étude en compression et en extension triaxiales à l'échelle mésoscopique." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10266.
Full textThis Ph. D. Thesis aims at characterising and modeling the mechanical behaviour of concrete under high confinement at the mesoscopic scale. This scale corresponds to that of the large aggregates and the cementitious matrix. The more general scope of this study is the understanding of concrete behaviour under dynamic loading. A dynamic impact can generate mean pressures around 1GPa. But the characterisation of a material response, in an homogeneous state of stress, can only be achieved through quasi-static tests. The experimentations led in 3S-R Laboratory have underlined the importance of the aggregates in the triaxial response of concrete. Modeling concrete at the mesoscopic level, as a composite of an aggregates phase and a mortar phase, permits a representation of the aggregates effect. An experimental study of the behaviour of mortar phase is performed. Usual tests and hydrostatic and triaxial high confinement tests are realised. The parameters of a constitutive model that couples plasticity with a damage law are identified from these tests. This model is able to reproduce the nonlinear compaction of mortar, the damage behaviour under uniaxial tension or compression, and plasticity under high confinement. The biphasic model uses the finite element method with a cubic and regular mesh. A Monte-Carlo method is used to place quasi-spherical aggregates that respect the given granulometry of a reference concrete. Each element is identified by belonging either to the mortar or to the aggregate phase. Numerical simulations are compared with the experimental tests on this concrete. The parameters for these simulations are only identified on the mortar. The simulations reproduce the different phases observed in hydrostatic compression. The evolution of axial moduli under growing confinement is shown, as is the good reproduction of the limit-states experimentally observed under high confinement. The fracture aspect of numerical simulations is comparable with that of experimental tests. The triaxial extension loading shows the limits of this numerical model
Gao, Qian-Feng. "Micro-macro approach of dilatancy phenomenon in remoulded clays - Study of the behaviour under saturated and unsaturated conditions." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0257/document.
Full textThe complex nature of clay has aroused great interest of researchers in its mechanical behaviour and microstructure. The objective of this research is to examine the influence of triaxial stress paths on the mechanical behaviour of remoulded clay and the mechanisms that occur at the microstructural level. The dilatancy phenomenon is particularly investigated considering a given stress level reached by following different stress paths. In the second part, this research focuses on the influence of suctions on the mechanical behaviour. For the saturated remoulded clay, the dilative behaviour at a given stress level, reached by following two different stress paths was analysed in detail. The influence of stress levels was also examined in this research. The microstructural analysis was conducted at different scales by means of different methods. The macroscopic results of saturated clay show that, at a given stress level, the volumetric behaviour greatly depends on the stress path. In the case of overconsolidated clay, the dilatancy is activated especially when triaxial shearing is performed following the purely deviatoric stress path. At the microscopic level, the results highlight five modes of particle orientation that could be activated under triaxial loading. The results also reveal that the appearance of dilatancy phenomenon in highly overconsolidated remoulded clay may be attributed to the tortuous arrangement of clay particles, the opening of micropores, and the formation and opening of mesocracks. For the unsaturated remoulded clay, the studies were performed through many macroscopic and mesoscopic tests on Kaolin K13 clay and a kaolinite-montmorillonite mixture. The evolution of suctions was measured using hygrometers placed near the upper and lower ends of clay specimens. The results show that, at a high suction level, the deviatoric stress of unsaturated clay increases to a peak and then decreases down to a residual value. The shear strength of unsaturated clay generally increases with increasing mean stress and suction. However, in the high suction tests, the development of cracks during drying led to the inhomogeneity of the specimens and thus resulted in relatively small shear strengths
Saïm, Rachid. "Des comportements repères des grains élastiques sans colle à un exemple de sol réel." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ECAP0561.
Full textEd, Diny Saïd. "Étude expérimentale des transferts hydriques et du comportement mécanique d'un limon non saturé." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPL073N.
Full textNguyen, Minh Tuan. "Caractérisation géomécanique de la dégradation des roches sous l'effet de l'injection de gaz acides." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00730840.
Full textSeif, El Dine Bassels. "Etude du comportement mécanique de sols grossiers à matrice." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002992.
Full textZhao, Dan. "Study on the creep behavior of clay under complex triaxial loading in relation to the microstructure." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0372/document.
Full textThe objective of this research is to analyze the creep behavior of a typical clay along triaxial tests, moreover, to analyze the microstructural mechanisms of creep. Analysis on the macroscopic results ascertained that both dilatancy and contractancy phenomena could occur during creep. The magnitude of the dilatancy/contractancy during creep was guided by the test conditions: stress level and the over consolidation ratio, which specifically governed the direction of the volumetric strain variations. The results of SEM indicated that the microstructural evolution of the clay after the mechanical loading depend on the stress history. Afterwards, the structural evolution in creep phase depends on the structural pattern developed in monotonic loading
Hu, Wei. "Contribution à l'étude de l'effet d'échelle dans les matériaux granulaires." Ecole Centrale de Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ECDN0006.
Full textMeghachou, Mourad. "Stabilité des sables lâches : essais et modélisations." Grenoble 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE10163.
Full textBurlion, Nicolas. "Compaction des bétons : éléments de modélisation et caractérisation expérimentale." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DENS0021.
Full textTailliez, Sylvie. "Étude expérimentale du comportement mécanique des sols granulaires injectés." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ECAP0612.
Full textGao, Qian-Feng. "Micro-macro approach of dilatancy phenomenon in remoulded clays - Study of the behaviour under saturated and unsaturated conditions." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0257.
Full textThe complex nature of clay has aroused great interest of researchers in its mechanical behaviour and microstructure. The objective of this research is to examine the influence of triaxial stress paths on the mechanical behaviour of remoulded clay and the mechanisms that occur at the microstructural level. The dilatancy phenomenon is particularly investigated considering a given stress level reached by following different stress paths. In the second part, this research focuses on the influence of suctions on the mechanical behaviour. For the saturated remoulded clay, the dilative behaviour at a given stress level, reached by following two different stress paths was analysed in detail. The influence of stress levels was also examined in this research. The microstructural analysis was conducted at different scales by means of different methods. The macroscopic results of saturated clay show that, at a given stress level, the volumetric behaviour greatly depends on the stress path. In the case of overconsolidated clay, the dilatancy is activated especially when triaxial shearing is performed following the purely deviatoric stress path. At the microscopic level, the results highlight five modes of particle orientation that could be activated under triaxial loading. The results also reveal that the appearance of dilatancy phenomenon in highly overconsolidated remoulded clay may be attributed to the tortuous arrangement of clay particles, the opening of micropores, and the formation and opening of mesocracks. For the unsaturated remoulded clay, the studies were performed through many macroscopic and mesoscopic tests on Kaolin K13 clay and a kaolinite-montmorillonite mixture. The evolution of suctions was measured using hygrometers placed near the upper and lower ends of clay specimens. The results show that, at a high suction level, the deviatoric stress of unsaturated clay increases to a peak and then decreases down to a residual value. The shear strength of unsaturated clay generally increases with increasing mean stress and suction. However, in the high suction tests, the development of cracks during drying led to the inhomogeneity of the specimens and thus resulted in relatively small shear strengths
Khaddour, Ghonwa. "Multi-scale charaterisation of the hydro-mechecanical behaviour of unsaturated sand : water retention and triaxial responses." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAI051/document.
Full textWith the recent developments of full field measurements, it has become possible to do experiments on a soil specimen, and perform measurements at different scales. This progress has allowed greater understanding for all the processes that occur within the soil, and also created better environment to observe these mechanisms in 3D. This PhD work aims to characterize water retention and hydro-mechanical behaviours of unsaturated Hostun sand at the grain scale. To achieve this goal, water retention and triaxial tests were performed and a set of experimental and image processing tools was developed and used for the two series of tests. X-ray computed tomography set up available at 3SR Laboratory in Grenoble University was used to generate 3D images of the unsaturated soil microstructure non-destructively. A developed region growing systematic technique (trinarization technique) was used to allow the separation of the phases (i.e., grains, water and air) in the 3D images, and performing different measurements at the grain scale. Porosity and degree of saturationwere measured macroscopically using the trinarized images and microscopically using a developed mapping code. The microscopic measurements were performed over an REV, whose size was determined using a developed analysis based on statistical tools. Several microscopic-discrete analyses were developed to investigate the evolution of fluid phase (water and air) with loading (suction and mechanical loading). Digital Image Correlation was performed for the two tests.To analyze water retention behaviour of Hostun sand during drying and wetting processes, a pressure plate apparatus was developed. Suction was applied using tensiometry technique. The specimen (cylindrical 1x1cm) was prepared using water pluviation technique and scanned with a resolution 7.5micron. As a result, water retention curve, surface and domains were obtained and hysteresis phenomenon and soil cohesion were analyzed at the grain scale.For the mechanical behaviour of unsaturated soils, triaxial test were performed at three conditions: saturated drained, unsaturated drained and unsaturated undrained. A triaxial apparatus that can be placed inside the x-ray cabinet was developed in order to facilitate monitoring the changes in sand microstructure and water distribution when subjecting the soil specimen to loading. The specimen (cylinder of hxd=2x1cm) was prepared using water pluviation technique (completely saturated at the beginning of the three tests), loaded then scanned with a resolution 13micron, repeatedly till reaching 21% axial strain forthe three tests.Consequently, stress-strain curves, volumetric response and deformations measurements were obtained and deformation pattern, specimen heterogeneity, cohesion and water distribution were analyzed
Bouguerra, Hafid. "Prévision du potentiel de liquéfaction des sites sableux à l'aide d'appareillages in-situ." Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0003.
Full textSaïtta, Adrien. "Modélisation élastoplastique du comportement mécanique des sols. Application à la liquéfaction des sables et à la sollicitation d'expansion de cavité." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523272.
Full textNguyen, Cong Doan. "Etude expérimentale de l'impact de l'érosion par suffusion sur les propriétés physiques et mécaniques des sols." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0676/document.
Full textThis thesis work has investigated, on the one hand, the mechanism of internal erosion by suffusion in earthen hydraulic structures, and, on the other hand, the consequences suffusion can cause on the mechanical behavior of soils, the main objective being to improve our understanding of both the suffusion process and the behavior of eroded soils. The approach adopted was mainly experimental, by a multi-scale scope: from macroscopic, at the material scale, to microscopic, at the grain scale. At the macroscopic scale, suffusion experiments were performed on gap-graded cohesionless soil samples using a newly developed testing device, called the suffusion permeameter. Then, the eroded samples are transferred by a freeze/thaw procedure to a triaxial device to study their behavior under mechanical loading. The achieved results provide a general overview of the suffusion mechanism at the sample scale and highlight its impact on soil shear resistance properties. At the microscopic scale, the suffusion mechanism has been studied by performing a suffusion test with in-operando x-ray tomography and using local visualization based on optical techniques in an artificial soil. Subsequent grain-scale analysis has provided a deeper understanding of suffusion process through the characterization of the eroded soil microstructure, particularly highlighting the occurrence and development of strong heterogeneities, which appear to play a key role in the macroscopic mechanical behavior of eroded soils
Fayad, Toufic. "Mécanique des grains avec et sans colle pour une comparaison avec des sols naturels et remaniés." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ECAP0690.
Full textNguyen, Pham Phuong Thao. "Étude en place et au laboratoire du comportement en petites déformations des sols argileux naturels." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00353428.
Full text- le prélèvement d'éprouvettes « intactes » et l'exécution d'essais sophistiqués en laboratoire,
- les essais sur le sol en place, plus ou moins rustiques. Ce mémoire de thèse expose une étude du comportement d'un sol argileux naturel prélevé sur le site expérimental de Cubzac-les-Ponts en combinant différents types de chargement aptes à explorer le domaine des petites déformations au moyen d'essais au laboratoire et in situ. L'idée est de réaliser des essais en laboratoire à l'aide d'appareils tels que l'oedomètre, l'appareil triaxial de précision avec système de mesure locale, les capteurs piézo-électriques et la colonne résonnante et les essais en place en utilisant des matériels innovants comme le pressiomètre autoforeur (P.A.F 2000), le triaxial in situ (T.I.S) et le système de tubage autoforé (S.T.A.F). Le programme d'essais en laboratoire a permis de déterminer la forme de la surface de charge et le comportement des sols lorsque le chemin de contraintes atteint cette surface, à analyser l'évolution des surfaces de charge en fonction de l'histoire de chargement du matériau et de la procédure d'essai ainsi la variation des modules de déformation en fonction du niveau des déformations, de la profondeur et du chemin de contraintes. Lors des essais réalisés en place, le pressiomètre autoforeur de nouvelle génération (P.A.F 2000), équipé de palpeurs et de géophones, a permis de déterminer un profil continu de modules de déformation des très petites déformations aux grandes déformations. Le triaxial in situ (T.I.S) a essayé de récréer in situ les conditions aux limites maîtrisées d'un essai triaxial de laboratoire et de réaliser des essais triaxiaux. Ce mémoire présente également une synthèse des données collectées avec différents types d'essais de laboratoire et en place des méthodes d'essais adaptés pour tester les différentes échelles de déformations ainsi que l'évolution des modules de déformation.
Tran, Van Tieng. "Structures en béton soumises à des chargements mécaniques extrêmes : modélisation de la réponse locale par la méthode des éléments discrets." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENU021/document.
Full textThis thesis work deals with the predicting of concrete structures submitted to some extreme loadings, and, more particularly, focuses on behavior of concrete under a high-confining pressure. At this range of pressures, irreversible compaction of the material occurs and needs to be considered. Doing so, two elasto-plastic-damaged constitutive laws have been developed and implanted into a discrete element numerical code. Local parameters to be used in these constitutive laws are identified by simulating reference uniaxial traction/compression tests and triaxial compression tests. Once these parameters have been obtained, the law showing the best agreement with the experimental data has been chosen to predict the reponse of concrete sample for triaxial compressive tests at different levels of confinement. The numerical results have been analyzed not only at macroscopic scale but also at discrete element scale. The need of a constitutive law taking into account the elasto-plastic-damaged behavior has been also proved. The second objective of the thesis work was to develop a fluid flow – coupled discrete element model by considering fundamental physical mechanisms of the interaction between the internal fluide flow and the solid particles of a porous material. The flow problem is solved by the finite volume method, where the volume is discretized into tetrahedra issue of a regular Delaunay triangulation. Our model is an adaptation for elastic fluids of a model originally developed for incompressible flows. The developed fluid-flow coupled discrete element has been used to simulate the undrained triaxial behavior of concrete under different levels of confinement. The results show a good reproduction of undrained behavior of saturated concrete under low confinement. For high confinement, the simulations only resemble the experimental results when the fluid compressibility is lower than that of water. Moreover, the effective stress was a relevant variable to describe the behavior of the wet concrete by an intrinsic limit state independent of the degree of saturation
Mokni, Moncef. "Relations entre déformations en masse et déformations localisées dans les matériaux granulaires." Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10185.
Full textChampiré, Florian. "Étude expérimentale du comportement hydro-mécanique de la terre crue compactée pour la construction." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSET007/document.
Full textEarthen buildings can provide an answer to face difficulties in modern constructions in both terms of sociology, economics as well as ecology. However, the difficulty to understand and to predict their behavior prevent the spreading of this technique in developed countries. This PhD is part of a research program called “Primaterre” and founded by the French National Agency for Research. It aims at providing the necessary scientific knowledge to overcome this lack and at helping the creation of appropriate standards. This work is more precisely focusing on the impact of water on the mechanical behavior of the fine proportion of the material, including sand, silt and clay, and on three different earths coming from existing rammed earth constructions. In order to be able to produce samples as identical and homogeneous as possible, a mold has first been designed, which enable to manufacture cylindrical samples with diameter of 3.5cm and height of 7cm. A triaxial cell was used and, the second step was to design different devices allowing the measurement of axial and radial deformations, the conditioning at constant temperature, and the command of a variable moist air flux at both sides of the sample. Different types of tests have thus been realized : triaxial tests at different relative humidity, as well as swelling tests. The mechanical parameters thus obtained have been analyzed in comparison with material characteristics measured in parallel. Finally, results of swelling tests have been analysed using numerical modelling, in order to assess more complex material characteristics. This thesis work ends with an additional study, aiming at evaluating the impact of scale change on the mechanical parameters previously measured. Tests have been conducted on sample approximatively twice larger, and thanks to a simpler experimental device using measurement through image correlation
Torrenti, Jean-Michel. "Comportement multiaxial du béton : aspects expérimentaux et modélisation." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1987. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529740.
Full textLe, Ngoc Hung. "Contribution à la modélisation du comportement mécanique d'un matériau hétérophasé rematérialisé issu d'un mâchefer d'incinération d'ordures ménagères : valorisation en Génie Civil." Thesis, Artois, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ARTO0213.
Full textBottom ash is the solid residua coming from domestic waste combustion in the furnace of incineration factory. The utilization of bottom ash in the field of Civil Engineering is necessary because the municipal wastes are increasing causes many environmental problems while the materials of Civil Engineering dwindle. The bottom ash was used for a decade in the field of civil engineering; however the mechanical characteristics of material “bottom ash” are not very well known. This work of thesis contributes to improving knowledge of the mechanical characteristics of bottom ash. After the determination of the geotechnical characteristics (parameters of nature, mechanical parameters, parameters of state), chemical and environmental characteristics, the potential of use of these bottom ash is evaluated according to the « Circulaire de 9 Mai, 1994 » and according to the technical guide SETRA-LCPC 2000 « Réalisation des remblais et des couches de forme ».In the experimental part, the oedometric and triaxial tests are carried out. For oedometric tests, the effect of compaction energy and immersion of specimens as well as the effect of the loading rate of the test were evaluated. The effect of loading rate is also evaluated by some sets of triaxial tests. From the triaxial tests, the mechanical parameters such as the Young’s modulus, the Poisson‘s ratio, the characteristic angle, the dilatancy angle, the cohesion and the friction angle were determined. These mechanical properties are specific to the material and can be integrated in a diagram of dimensioning specific to the structures of roadways based on bottom ash. The studied principal parameters allow us to evaluate the influence of the effective confining pressure. The evolution of the deformation modulus versus to the axial deformation and finally, the variation of the deviator stress versus to the mean effective pressure were also analyzed. A set of points of the yielding state was determined from triaxial tests and it specifies significantly the shape of yielding surface of our bottom ash.Finally, the triaxial tests were simulated numerically. This part is a contribution to the modelling of the mechanical behaviour of bottom ash. The model of Mohr-Coulomb and Nova were chosen to characterize the evolution of the material “bottom ash” under the influence of external mechanical actions. These are typical examples of model soil completely identifiable only through traditional triaxial tests. The simulation of triaxial tests is carried out using the CESAR-LCPC software. The results are found to be promising
El, Bied Amine. "Étude expérimentale et modélisation du comportement des roches granulaires : écrouissage, radoucissement et rupture en mode localisé." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005601.
Full textPellegrino, Antonio. "Comportement fragile des roches : dégradation des propriétés élastiques et anisotropie induite par les contraintes." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523151.
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