Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Essais de vieillissement accélérés'
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Van, Thua Tri. "Vieillissement du tuffeau en présence de sels : approche expérimentale et numérique." Orléans, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ORLE2069.
Full textNguyen, Thi-Hoa-Tam. "Modèle d’endommagement des assemblages collés : identification et application à la description d’un essai de vieillissement accéléré." Paris Est, 2008. http://pastel.paristech.org/5199/01/manuscrit_final_NGUYEN.pdf.
Full textDevant, Ludovic. "Etude des mécanismes de vieillissement d'un caoutchouc EPDM (Ethylène Propylène Diene Monomer)." Thesis, Orléans, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ORLE2067.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the study of UV aging of an EPDM rubber with particular emphasis on additives involved invulcanization. For this purpose, we use techniques suitable for surface analysis such as ToF-SIMS, XPS, ATR-FTIR, SEMEDXand AFM. We first determine the initial chemical composition of the surface of the EPDM rubber. We identify the by-products of vulcanization and qualitatively determine their distribution on the surface. The ToF-SIMS depth profiles exhibit a layer enriched in additives on the surface of the rubber due to migration by crystallization or by the “bloom effect” after vulcanization. In addition, images from 3D profiles show that some of these additives are adsorbed on the no-black fillers. In the second part, we study the effect of artificial aging on the rubber and the additives. Our results indicate that both the surface of the rubber and the two rubber accelerators, MBT and ZBPT, undergoes significant chemical and morphological changes characterized by chemical oxidation and structural degradation. Our Kinetic studies show that the most important chemical changes take place during the first 100h. The final chapter is devoted to the study of industrial rubber, currently used in vehicle body seals, and discusses on understanding of the behavior of the processing agents in the initial state and during aging. These agents play a key role in the chemical composition of the rubber in the initial state, despite the small amounts incorporated. We show that these compounds cover the surface and form a layer about 500 nm thick, very resistant to aging
Grolleau, Sébastien. "Vieillissement calendaire des accumulateurs Lithium-Ion : modélisation et analysese." Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN2079.
Full textCalendar aging has been studied for two types of commercial lithium-ion cells of different chemistries. Capacity loss is explained by the gradual growth of the SEI (Solid Electrolyte Interphase) at the negative electrode / electrolyte interface. A semi-empirical aging model is proposed taking account temperature and state of charge dependencies in a simple manner, from the results of 9 different storage test conditions. Electrochemical spectroscopy results show that both high and medium frequencies are linearly correlated with capacity loss, not only for both technologies but also whichever the tested calendar aging condition. This interesting result allows practical use of resistances for a rapid diagnostic method of the battery capacity. Besides, to estimate the impact of a daily use of a battery, an original test protocol was carried out in which 88% of the aging time is spent at rest. This provides a realistic repartition between rest and cycling times in applications such as electric vehicles. Three different charging scenarios were investigated. After one year of aging, comparison between storage tests and these additional tests showed that cell deterioration is twice faster when cell is cycled at low rate and during a very limited proportion of time. On the other hand, setting the maximum state of charge to 60% in comparison with a full recharge leads to a significant improvement of the cell lifetime by more than 100%. Finally, post-mortem analysis of cells submitted to the aforementioned protocol showed that aging mechanisms are globally similar as such observed during a pure calendar aging
Cogulet, Antoine. "Caractérisation des mécanismes naturels de vieillissement de lambris de bâtiments en bois." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33064.
Full textFour lines of research have been studied in this manuscript in order to answer at the goal of this PhD: having a better understanding of the degradation mechanisms of wood siding building. The first line was designed to provide recommendations regarding good practice for effective use of the different weathering methods. Sample degradation was characterised with FTIR and colorimetric analysis. An original interpretation of color modifications observed on samples allowed recommendations to be provided. In addition, suitable exposures were chosen for each line of research. The second line of this PhD was about a fundamental study of wood photodegradation by using a Raman spectrophotometer. Interpretation of Raman contribution did not provide new relevant information on chemical modification underwent by the wood due to the photodegradation. Thus, this technique was not used to further study the degradation of wood. However, the sensitivity of this device to fluorescence has led to the identification of a new mechanism of lignin degradation. The sensitivity of α and β carbons to photodegradation has been demonstrated as well as the strength of the 5-5 carbon-carbon bond. The third line of this project was concerned with the development of a method taking into account the interactions that may exist between photodegradation and biological degradation. A visual scale was created in order to monitor the colonisation of samples coated with a clear protection. It was found that the photodegradation promotes the colonisation by two black stain fungi: Aureobasidium pullulans and Epicoccum nigrum. Infrared analyses did not reveal the mechanisms by which fungi take advantage of photodegradation to colonize the samples. The presence of bubbles in the paint finish was demonstrated by microscopic observations. After photodegradation, these bubbles form weak points for colonization by fungi through the protective layer. The use of structures such as a transpressorium has been highlighted. Photodegradation and biological degradation leads to a decrease of coating adhesion. The last line of this doctoral project was to identify the influence of the coalescing agent, the application method and a sanding step onto the paint properties and the quality and morphology of the film. The ability of the paint to degas, the curing time and the minimal film formation temperature (MFFT) were linked with the properties of the coalescing agent. Gloss as well as topography of the coating surface were characterized in order to qualify the coating quality. The use of a hydrophobic agent showed the best results concerning the parameters studied. Overall, the results obtained throughout the PhD allowed the identification of fragilities and weaknesses of an acrylic finish based on (i) its formulation, (ii) the quality of the dry finish, (iii) and its exposure to weathering. Specific goals determined in this PhD have been addressed. The whole of the information obtained helps to better understand of the mechanisms and causes involved in the loss of performance of a wood protection of a wood siding building.
Jin, Shuai. "Etude de vieillissement du comportement mécanique des agro-matériaux à base de fibres de chanvre." Troyes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TROY0006.
Full textThe main objective of this work consists to manufacturing the new composite materials based on hemp fibers and to characterizing their mechanical behavior with different aging effects. We started our study by characterizing the tensile behavior of the single hemp fiber, with original state and accelerated aging. Different aging conditions are chosen to study separately the influence of each climatic parameter (relative humidity, temperature and UV) on the mechanical behavior. The experimental results showed that the UV and humidity play a more important role than temperature on the mechanical properties of single fibers. Microscopic observations have allowed to analyzing the evolution of aging degradation of single fibers. The composites PP / Hemp are then manufactured, aged and characterized with different fibre volume fractions. Aging conditions are the same as those of single fibers. According to the results, UV and temperature are most penalizing to the mechanical properties of composite; it is clear that the PP polymer protects well the fibers and lessens greatly the effect of moisture on the fibers. The last part is devoted to the analytical and micromechanical modelling. The obtained results from Hashin-Shtrikman+ and Neerfeld Hill model showed a good correlation with the experimental results
Zouggar, Abdelaziz. "Etude du vieillissement accéléré de diodes électroluminescentes rouges au GaAlAs en régimes statique et impulsionnel périodique." Poitiers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996POIT2270.
Full textOlivier, Loïc. "Prévision du vieillissement thermo-oxydant de composites à matrice organique dédiés à l'aéronautique : prise en compte des couplages multiphysiques." Poitiers, 2008. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2008/Olivier-Loic/2008-Olivier-Loic-These.pdf.
Full textThe aim of the study is to understand and forecast damage onset conditions in aeronautic C/Epoxy composite materials, under thermo-oxidizing environment. An original testing device is presented, built for loading mechanically composite samples under temperature and gas pressure simultaneously, and studying couplings between deformation and thermooxidation mechanisms. On another hand, a multi physic modeling is performed, minimizing the resort to phenomenological parameters: this theoretical approach is taking into account all phenomena, and provides an expression of the coupling expressions. The model is then implemented in a finite element code, to simulate in a realistic way the composites evolution during a thermo-oxidizing cycle. A quantitative comparison is done between experimentally measured and numerically pre dicted matrix shrinkage values. A good agreement is observed in all onfigurations, as far as damage onset has not occurred. In the latter case, this onset can be detected and the scenario of damage initiation can be foreseen. In the end, the perspective of a multi scale approach is investigated, in order to extend the models application capability to the service life of large structural laminate components
Montaru, Maxime. "Contribution à l'évaluation du vieillissement des batteries de puissance utilisées dans les véhicules hybrides selon leurs usages." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00426932.
Full textBarnet, Axelle. "Compréhension des phénomènes de vieillissement de papiers électrotechniques dans les transformateurs de puissance et recherche de solutions industrielles." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALI031.
Full textPower transformers are expensive devices and the degradation of the cellulosic insulation paper contributes to limiting the transformer life expectancy. This work studies the kinetic degradation of two electrotechnical papers during accelerated ageing trials in mineral oil: one standard paper and one Thermally Upgraded paper (TU) containing an additive. The degradation of the standard paper, measured via the cellulose viscometric degree of polymerisation (DPv), follows a first order kinetic model and the calculated activation energy is close to activation energy reported for the acid hydrolysis of cellulose in the literature. The TU paper behaves differently since the additive slows the paper degradation, and none of the tested kinetics models succeed to model experimental data. A deeper study of the additive reaction mechanism confirms and completes the hypotheses presented in the literature. Moreover, some mechanical characterizations of aged papers highlight a correlation between the cellulose DPv and the double fold resistance of the paper. Thereafter, it has been discussed that the presence of lignin in paper presents a protective effect on cellulose and it has been shown that it leads to the production of methanol (used as a marker of paper degradation to monitor power transformers). Finally, a new protective solution, the addition of aminoalkylalkoxysilanes on the paper surface, gave encouraging results, particularly in terms of paper mechanical strength properties preservation
Dubosc, Arnaud. "Etude du developpement de salissures biologiques sur les parements en beton : mise au point d'essais acceleres de vieillissement." Toulouse, INSA, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ISAT0044.
Full textEdouard, Clément. "Vieillissement des batteries Li-ion de traction : des mécanismes vers le vieillissement accéléré." Thesis, Compiègne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015COMP2221/document.
Full textDue to their high power and energy densities, Li-ion batteries are the leading systems for the new generations of electric vehicles, for which an optimum cell design, management and configuration is essential. Modeling provides tools to perform complex analysis of the performance of Li-ion batteries and reduces the amount of time spent on experimental testing. The aim of our research is to propose a physics-based model that can predict battery behavior and aging under various conditions during the entire lifespan. A simplified electrochemical and thermal model that can predict both physicochemical and aging behaviors of Li-ion batteries has been studied. A sensitivity analysis of all its physical parameters has been performed in order to find out their influence on the model outputs based on simulations under various conditions. The results gave hints on whether a parameter needs particular attention when measured or identified and on the conditions under which it is the most sensitive. A specific simulation profile has been designed for parameters involved in aging equations in order to determine their sensitivity. Finally, a step-wise method has been followed to limit the influence of parameter values when identifying sorne of them. This sensitivity analysis and the subsequent step-wise identification method show very good results, such as a better fitting of the experimental data with simulated cell voltage. Beyond advanced comprehension and prediction, this physical model opens new possibilities to define accelerated aging tests
Ammar-Khodja, Isabelle. "Vieillissement thermique et thermo-oxydant de composites carbone/époxy : relation entre les proprétés chimiques, physiques et mécaniques." Le Havre, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LEHA0005.
Full textOrganic matrix composites are nowadays widely used in aeronautical industry thanks to good mechanical properties combined with a low weight. However, during service life, they are exposed to various parameters causing their properties to decrease. This thesis, realised in collaboration with Aircelle (SAFRAN group), deals with the influence of temperature and oxygen on the ageing of a carbon/epoxy composite. To analyse these two factors influence, plain and multi-hole laminates were aged at three temperatures under three atmospheres presenting different oxygen concentrations. Chemical, physical and mechanical aspects of composite degradation were examined. An oxidised layer, chemically different from the initial epoxy polymer, is created on the material surface. The physical (DMA) and mechanical (compression) properties evolution is related to laminates oxidation and cracking, taking their architecture into account
Jabbour, Jacques. "Méthodes d’essais de vieillissement accéléré des bétons à l’échelle des ouvrages." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLN038.
Full textThis thesis is part of a research program on the aging of nuclear infrastructures launched by the IRSN (Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety) within the project aiming to extend the lifespan of the French nuclear power plants. The goal is to contribute to the knowledge of aging mechanisms touching the constituents of non-replaceable structures of a nuclear power plant, such as the containment building. Matter of fact, the behavior of such structures is an important point for the safety assessment of nuclear installations because they represent the third and last barrier against the dispersion of radioactive particles in the environment. Among the phenomena involved in aging mechanisms, internal swellings reactions (ISR) are pathologies that can degrade concrete by causing swelling, cracking and major disorders in the affected structures. Internal swelling reactions (ISW) include the delayed ettringite formation (DEF), the alkali-aggregate reaction (AAR) and the concomitance of the two. These pathologies are endogenous reactions, occurring as a result of the interaction between the initial components of the material. These interactions take place following the use of reactive aggregates in case of AAR and/or following a significant warm-up at the concrete’s early age in case of DEF. In nuclear facilities, the possibility of these phenomena cannot be ruled out. Matter of fact, they include massive reinforced concrete elements for which a significant heating could have occurred at the early age. Moreover, reactive aggregates may have been used during the construction phase. Therefore those risks ought to be studied especially if the extension of the lifespan of these installations is envisaged.However, the kinetics of these reactions are generally slow and it can take for up to a few decades for disorders to appear in the structure. Among the solutions used in research laboratories, one is to use accelerated test methods developed on small specimens.The research work carried out in this context includes three major axis: the development of an experimental protocol to accelerate internal swelling reactions of concrete on a massive structure scale, multi-scale analysis of the phenomena involved and the development of innovative instrumentation adapted to this problem. The purpose is to allow better observation and understanding of swelling reactions at such scale. Hence, three representative massive concrete mock-ups whose dimensions are 2,4 x 1,4 x 1 m3 were realized under controlled and optimized conditions for the development of delayed ettringite formation (DEF), alkali silica reaction (ASR) and the concomitant ASR-DEF case respectively.The scale effect on swelling kinetics is demonstrated by an experimental study comparing the evolution of swelling reaction in the massive samples with the evolution in reconstituted concrete laboratory specimens as well as coring specimens.An innovative instrumentation method using optical fibers is also developed thus allowing the monitoring of the pathologies in the massive structures and the tracking of the respective deformation fields in several two-dimensional plans of interest. The measurements are to finely describe and help in understanding the evolutionary mechanisms of structural degradation and can be used subsequently as a reference for numerical simulations
Rashed, Amgad. "Mise en oeuvre de protocoles de vieillissement accélérés dédiés à l'étude de composants de puissance à semi-conducteur type "IGBT" en régime de cyclage actif." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20153/document.
Full textIGBT transistors are the most used power semiconductor devices in power electronics and are often integrated in power modules to constitute basic switching functions. In various applications, IGBT power modules suffer thermal cycling (or power cycling) due to variations of operating conditions. This power cycling induces thermo mechanical stress that can lead to damages and then, to failures. Ageing tests are a means to identify and analyze the degradation mechanisms due to power cycling by imposing calibrated test conditions. In addition, their results can be used to establish empiric lifetime models that are useful for power converter designers.The present work describes the implementation of an ageing test method dedicated to IGBT modules operating in the 600V-200A range. This method takes advantage of particular operating conditions generated by pulse width modulation inverters in which the IGBT modules to be tested are introduced. The modulation induces a variation of IGBT die temperature, i.e. a power cycling, of which the frequency is significantly higher (2Hz to 10Hz) than the operating frequencies of classical test systems. By using this technique, the test length is reduced while low values of thermal amplitude can be reached.Throughout the ageing tests, the monitoring of ageing indicators is required to evaluate the sample health and to stop the operation when predefined conditions are reached. In the present work, the ageing indicator is the on-state voltage VCE across the IGBT device that is relevant in regard with wire bond degradations. Therefore, as a complement of the fast test method, an automated VCE monitoring system has been developed in order to fully take benefit of the high test-speed. In addition, this system is able to measure the junction temperature and to provide the temperature profile during the power cycling.This test bench has made possible the ageing process of three dozen of samples by applying thermal swing amplitudes in the 30°C-50°C range, that is not reachable with classical test benches operating in low frequency because of the unacceptable test length. The results show that only one kind of damage is generated by the present test conditions, i.e. the degradation of attaches between the emitter metallization and the wire bonds. In many case, complete lift-off have been observed. Some samples have been used to evaluate the influence of thermal swing frequency on the results. The latter are unchanged when the frequency varies between 2Hz and 0.2Hz, therefore it is a first validation of the fast test relevance
Reoyo-Prats, Reine. "Etude du vieillissement de récepteurs solaires : estimation de propriétés thermophysiques par méthode photothermique associée aux outils issus de l'intelligence artificielle." Thesis, Perpignan, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PERP0017.
Full textThe increasing energy consumption and the awareness of climate change induced by the increasing greenhouse gas emissions result in a progressive change of the energy model. Technologies based on renewable resources have been developing for several decades, such as concentrated solar power plants (CSP). So the issue of their sustainability is studied in many research programs. This thesis contributes to the development of a methodology for the accelerated ageing of the materials used in CSP receivers, which is the component submitted to concentrated solar radiation. For this purpose, several experimental protocols are carried out. Their efficiency is examined in light of the evolution of the radiative properties of the materials (absorptivity, emissivity). On another hand, the thermophysical properties such as the thermal conductivity and diffusivity are studied on a wider range of materials. Considering the limits of the current characterization methods, a new method for estimating these properties is developed. This is based on artificial neural networks and relies on photothermal experimental data
Moufle, Anne-Laure. "Etude des interactions physico-chimiques qui influencent au cours du temps la qualité des crèmes dessert conservées à température ambiante : mise en place d'une technique de vieillissement accéléré Impact of temperature cycling and isothermal storage on the quality of acidic and neutral shelf-stable dairy desserts packaged in flexible pouches." Thesis, Artois, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ARTO0409.
Full textIn food science, the adoption of accelerated aging tests on shelf-stable products is still low, including among mass-produced food. However, in the race for innovation, accelerated aging has become a competitive advantage for companies by allowing them to reduce time-to-market of new products.The aim of this study was to develop, through an integrated approach, an accelerated aging test for shelf-stable pudding, packaged in flexibles pouches and stored at room temperature. The products studied had a shelf-life of 12 months, mostly limited by biochemical, chemical and physical changes rather than microbial changes. The biochemical/chemical and sensory characterization of strawberry (acid pH) and vanilla (neutral pH) pudding enabled the identification of the reactions contributing the most to the degradation in quality: (i) lipolysis causing rancid / cheese flavors; and (ii) Maillard reaction causing the appearance of cooked notes. Furthermore, a loss in strawberry or vanilla flavor intensity was observed. As for the physical characterization of these same products, it showed that the evolution of the consistency and flow behavior indexes was different according to the recipe.Three-months accelerated aging tests were developed: (i) one test to simulate changes in flavor – storage at 32 °C ; and (ii) two tests to simulate changes in texture – storage at 32 °C or under cycles of 4/~ 20 °C (one cycle per week) according to the recipe. Thus, accelerated aging tests should be conducted in new products development process by using three different storage conditions during three months: (i) room temperature ~ 20 °C ; (ii) 32 °C ; and (iii) cycles of 4/~ 20 °C. If the consistency index increase and/or the flow behavior index decrease over the three months period on samples stored at room temperature, cycles of 4/~ 20 °C is the suitable test to accelerate changes in texture; otherwise, the test at 32 °C should be used.This study also unleashed the potential of spectroscopic techniques which are rapid and nondestructive for monitoring the aging of shelf-stable pudding and/or the development of accelerated aging tests. Indeed, fluorescence spectroscopy, which is more sensitive than mid-infrared, is a better technology to identify the most suitable accelerated aging tests for shelf-stable pudding as it showed a high discrimination power and good results reproducibility from one batch to another
Makdessi, Maawad. "Modélisation, vieillissement et surveillance de l'état de santé des condensateurs films utilisés dans des applications avioniques." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01058227.
Full textMartineau, Donatien. "Caractérisation de l'endommagement de composants électroniques de puissance soumis à des tests de vieillissement accéléré." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAT0004/document.
Full textIntegration of power electronic devices in automotive applications requires a perfect knowledge of their reliability as these components are subjected to more drastic electrothermal stresses. This study aims at determining the physical mechanisms responsible for degradation and failure of modern MOSFET-based power microprocessors during accelerated and controlled fatigue tests.After a description of the recent developments in power electronics that led to today's SmartMos technology from Freescale Semiconductor, the different microstructural characterizing techniques (SAM, SAT, SEM, SIM, TEM, …) and the specific scale for which they are used are detailed.The accelerated ageing of the components were carried out on a fatigue bench to evaluate the component lifetime according to parameters such as the temperature, current and pulse durations. A complete analysis of failed components showed that the area which is primarily affected by the electro-thermal cycling is the metal source that includes aluminum metallization and connection wires. In controlled ageing tests, we showed that the drain-source resistance (Rdson) increase was due to the metal source resistance augmentation. This phenomenon is linked to the degradation of the Aluminum layer that happens through grains division and crack propagation along the grain boundaries
Lelong, Sandrine. "Étude de la fiabilité technologique de modules multipuces par des essais de vieillissement accéléré et par la modélisation de leur comportement thermomécanique." Grenoble INPG, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPG0030.
Full textRedondo, Iglesias Eduardo. "Étude du vieillissement des batteries lithium-ion dans les applications "véhicule électrique" : combinaison des effets de vieillissement calendaire et de cyclage." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1203/document.
Full textStudying the ageing of batteries is necessary because the degradation of their features largely determines the cost, the performances and the environmental impact of electric vehicles, particularly of full electric vehicles. The chosen method in this thesis is divided in two distinct phases, namely characterisation and modelling. The first phase is based on accelerated ageing testing of battery cells. Despite being accelerated, ageing test campaigns are expensive in terms of workforce and equipments: an a priori knowledge of ageing factors is necessary, either by the means of bibliographic studies or by performing preliminary test campaigns. These initial studies lead to an experimental design setup including a certain number of ageing tests. The obtained results may reveal the influence of use conditions on the degradation of batteries. In the second phase, the battery ageing is modelled applying the knowledge acquired in the first phase. Here, the ageing laws are generalised to predict the performance degradation of a battery subjected to variable use conditions. The resulting ageing model can be used to optimally design and use the battery in a vehicle by minimising both energy and natural resources consumption. Given that battery degradation occurs in a different way if the battery is in rest condition or if a current flows through, a major challenge is to determine how calendar and cycling ageing effects combine together. In electric vehicle applications, batteries are not used (in rest condition) most of the time and current levels are relatively low when they are used. The results from accelerated ageing tests which have been carried out during this thesis confirm the non-linearity of the combination of calendar and cycling ageing when usage profiles are applied to the batteries. The usage profiles are similar to the considered application: the electric vehicle. In the last chapter of this manuscript a simple but effective ageing model is proposed. It lies in a low number of equations (2) and parameters (6) and enables to simulate the capacity fade of a battery cell subjected to ageing conditions combining cycling and rest periods. The application examples prove the usefulness of this model for the development of battery use strategies for the purpose of extending their lifespan
Humbert, Sylviane. "Contribution à l'étude des catalyseurs de postcombustion automobile : simulation de vieillissements et caractérisation de catalyseurs réels." Compiègne, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994COMPD759.
Full textFaure, Florent. "Étude du vieillissement hygrothermique et sous UV de composites préparés à partir de Polyéthylène Haute Densité et de différentes farines de fibres naturelles." Thesis, Lorient, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORIS536.
Full textThis research project is part of a partnership between the IRDL and a major European wood plastic composite company. The objectives of this project are to estimate the durability of wood plastic composites (WPC) intended for use in the outdoor environment and to study possible ways of their improvement. The ageing mechanisms of WPC are often linked to the action of water, so relatively long water absorption tests are used to ensure as a first approximation of the good durability of these mixtures. A water absorption protocol is developed in this thesis to improve these tests and allows to obtain in a relatively short time the water absorption properties of the tested WPC (water saturation, diffusion kinetics). The pseudo-Fickian behavior of composites is modelled from mathematical models using a coefficient defined as swelling stress. Hypotheses (porosity, mechanics...) are investigated to identify the characteristics of constituents which can influence water absorption of composites. An accelerated ageing protocol is applied to determine the degradation mechanisms of different composites. Finally, new natural flours (rapeseed, miscanthus, sunflower, etc.) are studied to substitute wood flour. The properties of new flours and composites are compared to wood flour and wood composite
Badey, Quentin. "Étude des mécanismes et modélisation du vieillissement des batteries lithium-ion dans le cadre d’un usage automobile." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112052/document.
Full textThis scientific piece of work aims at modeling the aging of lithium-ion batteries, depending on the vehicle stress (electric or hybrid type). More specifically, this study intends to optimise the design of battery packs for vehicle and power management strategies. A original mechanical fatigue approach has been selected as potentially able to model complex and varied demands. This approach was developed for a specific graphite / NCA lithium-ion battery. It appears that a simple damage accumulation is not entirely relevant, and that two contributions to aging are ongoing: one based on charge throughput and the other based on time. Multiple aging tests were performed and have shown the important influence of temperature, current power and state of charge for each contribution. They led to the establishment of equations linking each of these parameters to battery degradation rate. Thanks to these equations, a computer model for aging prevision has been built, able to take into account both cycling and calendar ageing. The model gives, for slightly to moderately complex solicitations, a very small predicting error. Postmortem analyses were also performed on the batteries to understand the mechanisms involved. Several analytical techniques (physicochemical and electrochemical, impedance spectroscopy) make possible to connect the main mechanisms of ageing to the contributions: an alteration of the crystalline structure of the positive electrode active material for the fatigue contribution, passivation of the negative electrode active material for the time contribution. These analyses provide a more complete view of aging and justify the hypothesis made during the implementation of the model. These electrochemical results allow us to consider a generalisation to other lithium-ion battery technologies. Indeed, an attempt to generalise the model to another commercial battery has made possible to check the reliability and to detect limits of this approach
Parent, Guillaume. "Evaluation de la durée de vie de composants électroniques de puissance commerciaux soumis à plusieurs tests de vieillissement et détermination des mécanismes de défaillance." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/17829/1/Parent_G.pdf.
Full textMaaroufi, Seifeddine. "Conception et réalisation d’un banc pour l’étude de fiabilité des micros dispositifs piézoélectriques de récupération d’énergie dédiés aux implants cardiaques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS187/document.
Full textWithin the framework of this PhD we present the design and realization of a bench dedicated to the study of the reliability of piezoelectric structures and more precisely micro-devices of energy harvesting for the new generation of active and autonomous medical implants. The structures studied are in the form of a free-clamped piezoelectric bimorph having a seismic mass at their tip. A good understanding of the aging of the materials and of the mechanical and electrical failure modes is essential for this type of system where the life of the patient implanted by this device is directly involved. To study the reliability and durability of the active part of the harvester, we propose to establish a new accelerated aging methodology via a dedicated test bench where the environment and stimuli can be controlled accurately over a large period of time. An electromechanical characterization of the structures is periodically carried out by the extraction of a series of indicators (blocking force, stiffness, tension in harmonic regime) within the bench throughout the aging process. Therefore it is possible to identify the different potential failure modes and to study their impact on the proper functioning of the system
Ruan, Jinyu Jason. "Analyse et modélisation de l'impact des décharges électrostatiques et des agressions électromagnétiques sur les microcommutateurs." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00512333.
Full textRadepont, Marie. "Understanding of chemical reactions involved in pigment discoloration, in particular in mercury sulfide (HgS) blackening." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00805147.
Full textLantieri, Pascal. "Essais accélérés en cours de conception." Paris, ENSAM, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENAM0049.
Full textDuring its design period, the reliability often has to be controlled quickly and on very few specimens for which the limits of solicitation levels and failure mechanisms are unknown. Moreover, the design should accept minor modifications without requiring a new test campaign. To do so, the state of art on the accelerated tests has been studied. The most efficient methods have been detailed and carried out on several examples in dry or wet heat tests on electronic boards (eventually with vibrations and thermal fatigue). They have also been illustrated on mechanical parts subjected to fatigue tests. As the existing accelerated testing methods had to be improved to be really applicable in the design period, new testing methods have been suggested to fill the last requirements. The first one lies in a maximization of the estimation precision thanks to a fitted step-stress test. The second one consists in accelerated tests in which specimens are fixed with they fail, which enables to keep on testing them. The third one enables to estimate lifetime parameters thanks to an accelerated test even if no acceleration model and no limit of solicitation levels are known. The last one suggested using accelerated test results to fit a finite elements fatigue model. As a conclusion, several improvements or validation projects are detailed
Kessai, Fodil. "Plans d'expériences optimaux en essais accélérés." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066451.
Full textRatisbonne-Zafimahova, Kemba Andréa. "Formulation d'un adjuvant phytosanitaire sous forme d'émulsion et optimisation de la pulvérisation." Thesis, Compiègne, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013COMP2091/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to develop the formulation of a phytosanitary adjuvant to optimize the rheological properties of a preparation devoted to plant protection, in order to reduce the formation of droplets that may drift during spraying, and improve the contact of the droplets with the treated plant. Rheological properties can be optimized by the presence of wisely selected polysaccharides. As the dissolution of the polysaccharide is a problem because they form lumps, passing through the emulsion form to trap them in the dispersed phase is necessary. The formulation is a water-in-oil type emulsion (W/O), the dispersed phase is a concentrated solution of polysaccharide. The polysaccharide solution is devoted to be released during the preparation of the phytosanitary bulk in a spray tank. The formulation should have stability over time complying with the regulations for phytosanitary liquid formulations. Therefore, the stability of the emulsion was optimized using the appropriate composition (continuous phase, dispersed phase, surfactant) and an optimized manufacturing process using a rotorstatorsystem and a high pressure homogenizer. The formulations were characterized using techniques which allow assessing the average size and size distribution of the dispersed droplets such as laser light diffraction granulometry and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The crystallization temperature of the droplets measured during the DSC analysis is correlated to their size. The stability over time was assessed using natural ageing and accelerated ageing tests. The release of polysaccharide was then studied in order to be performed under the conditions of preparing of phytosanitary bulk by a farmer. The release is achieved by a prior destabilization of the formulation using a demulsifier surfactant. The release is evaluated by the evolution of the electrical conductivity of the bulk, as thepolysaccharides entrapped form ionized molecules in aqueous media. The study of the spray has subsequently been carried out using a pilot reproducing an agricultural spray boom. Spraying was optimized by varying the physicochemical properties of the bulk preparation (surface tension and rheology) and spraying parameters (pressure, spray nozzle).The retained adjuvant formulation is an emulsion containing 50 % (v/v) of solution of 3 % (w/w) of carboxymethylcellulose, dispersed in an oil phase consisting of rapeseed methyl ester with 10 % (w/w) of polyglycerol polyricinoleate. The release is achieved with an ethoxylated surfactant, selected among seven commercial surfactants. The rheological study of the spray formulation exhibits properties which limit the formation of drops of small diameter, confirmed by the tests performed on the spray pilot
Ndoye, Amadou cissé. "Contribution à la modélisation de l'immunité conduite des circuits intégrés et étude de l'impact du vieillissement sur leur compatibilité électromagnétique." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ISAT0023/document.
Full textThe development of electronic embedded systems in aerospace application, spatial, or automotive is powered by increased performance, advanced integration and attractive prices, enabling manufacturers to offer technical solutions and economic competitiveness. However, this rapid evolution necessitates a questioning of permanent methods of designing embedded systems that must guarantee the control of behavior in severe environments. In particular, the control of electromagnetic compatibility "EMC" is importante of successful challenges of integration and evolution technology. This study describes the various stages of immunity modeling an analog integrated circuit, based on non-confidential technical information given by the manufacturer of the integrated circuit and models extraction of electrical printed circuit board. Our work provides a case study in the context of standard proposal "IEC" (International Electrotechnical Commission) under reference IEC-62433. Moreover, in this repport we show the impact of aging electronic components on EMC performance. Different types of technologies and integrated circuits are designed to provide a qualitative analysis on the evolution of EMC parameters after a period lifetime. We propose a methodology for qualification of the evolution of EMC margins under the name "electromagnetic reliability". This method, based on experimental methods and statistics, used to characterize the impact of the aging of electronics components on the EMC parameters. These works demonstrate the interest of introducing the factor "time effect" in our immunity models to ensure the electromagnetic compatibility of our electronics systems throughout their mission profile
Lachkar, Chadia. "Fiabilité et robustesse des cartes d alimentations des nouvelles générations des modules RADAR." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR118/document.
Full textToday, the increasing demands in terms of competitiveness require the design of electronic power systems having a minimal bulk while maintaining a good reliability. The combination of these two features is required at a system level as well as at a component level. It is particularly the case of liquid electrolyte aluminum capacitors, which are widely used as storage tanks forelectrostatic energy. This function is necessary in electronic power systems to provide energy to the different parts with each current draw. According to the literature, the study and the evaluation of the reliability of these systems rely heavily on that of liquid electrolyte aluminum capacitors as well as on other components identified as critical (MOS switching transistors, insulators in transformers, etc.). The first chapter begins with a detailed presentation of the technology of capacitors by indicating the various parameters that characterize them and the different work done in the literary on the study and evaluation of the reliability of these components. In the second chapter, aging tests are developed based on the mission profile of the system. Then, the evolutions of characteristics having a significant degradation are modeled. The third chapter deals with the physico-chemical characterization of the capacitor in order to understand and to explain the failure modes recorded during the aging tests. The last chapter is devoted to performing aging tests on a system which is simulating the heat dissipation of components adjacent to capacitors. Electrical measurements are realized in real time to monitor the voltage at their terminals. Finally, a mechanical stress test is carried out to evaluate the impact of vibrations on the connection of new and aged capacitors
Fatemi, Seyyedeh Zohreh. "Planification des essais accélérés : optimisation, robustesse et analyse." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01004379.
Full textOuaida, Rémy. "Vieillissement et mécanismes de dégradation sur des composants de puissance en carbure de silicium (SIC) pour des applications haute température." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10228/document.
Full textSince 2000, Silicon Carbide (SiC) power devices have been available on the market offering tremendous performances. This leads to really high efficiency power systems, and allows achieving significative improvements in terms of volume and weight, i.e. a better integration. Moreover, SiC devices could be used at high temperature (>200°C). However, the SiCmarket share is limited by the lack of reliability studies. This problem has yet to be solved and this is the objective of this study : aging and failure mechanisms on power devices for high temperature applications. Aging tests have been realized on SiC MOSFETs. Due to its simple drive requirement and the advantage of safe normally-Off operation, SiCMOSFET is becoming a very promising device. However, the gate oxide remains one of the major weakness of this device. Thus, in this study, the threshold voltage shift has been measured and its instability has been explained. Results demonstrate good lifetime and stable operation regarding the threshold voltage below a 300°C temperature reached using a suitable packaging. Understanding SiC MOSFET reliability issues under realistic switching conditions remains a challenge that requires investigations. A specific aging test has been developed to monitor the electrical parameters of the device. This allows to estimate the health state and predict the remaining lifetime.Moreover, the defects in the failed device have been observed by using FIB and SEM imagery. The gate leakage current appears to reflect the state of health of the component with a runaway just before the failure. This hypothesis has been validated with micrographs showing cracks in the gate. Eventually, a comparative study has been realized with the new generations of SiCMOSFET
Nguyen, Thi-Hoa-Tam. "Modèle d'endommagement des assemblages collés : identification et application à la description d'un essai de vieillissement accéléré." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005199.
Full textCousseau, Romain. "Contribution à la modélisation et à l’étude du vieillissement des condensateurs électrolytiques aluminium dédiés à des applications à hautes températures." Thesis, Compiègne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015COMP2227/document.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the modeling of aluminum electrolytic capacitors dedicatedto high temperatures. The purpose is also to understand their ageing while submitted to realistic use. Indeed, in the case of electric vehicle traction inverter, solicitations like temperature can vary a lot. This type of stress has already been studied for active components, but not yet on passive ones such as decoupling capacitors. However, it turns out that for this kind of application, they are most of the time aluminum electrolytic capacitors which is among the weakest technology. Consequently, this manuscript proposes at first a new electric model based on a diffusion phenomena which leads to a very accurate impedance description. It permits also a better understanding of the physical phenomena involved in these components. Because of their important temperature dependence, thermal modeling coupled to the electric model is also discussed. The very first purpose is to develop a tool that is able to estimate losses accurately at every moment. Thanks to it, the controller could so change the PWM strategy in order to act on the temperature. An online identification method is then proposed with the use of joint Kalman filters which led to very good results in simulation. The design and the creation of an accelerated cycling bench is developed and comparisons about the ageing obtained after 12 000 hours between thermally cycled components and others non-cycled are given. Results show a very good stability over time of the studied capacitors (PEG225MF470Q Kemet©) either on the impedance or visually. Nevertheless a significant impact can be observed on the cycled ones
Schlasza, Christian. "Analysis of aging mechanisms in Li-ion cells used for traction batteries of electric vehicles and development of appropriate diagnostic concepts for the quick evaluation of the battery condition." Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BELF0155.
Full textIn this thesis, the aging mechanisms withing Li-ion cells are analyzed on a theoretical level, supported by an FMEA(Failure ode and Effects Analysis). The focus lies on the group of lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cells used fortraction batteries in electric vehicles. Scope of the experimental part of the thesis is the development of a diagnosticconcept for the quick battery state determination. A group of high capacity LFP cells (70Ah) designed for tractionpurposes in electric vehicles is aged artificially and investigated afterwards by impedance measurements in the timeand frequency domain. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is found to reveal interesting information onthe battery's State-of-Health (SOH).For the interpretation of the measurement results, battery models are employed. Different equivalent circuit models(ECMs) are compared and an appropriate model is chosen, which is used for the SOC (State-of-Charge)determination and extended for the SOH (State-of-Health) determination. An SOH determination concept isdeveloped, which allows the approximation of the cell capacity in less than 30s, if the battery and environmentalconditions, such as the temperature and the cell's SOC, are known
Lahmar, Mohamed Ali. "Caractérisation d’un composite boispolymère pour utilisation en plaques de bardage par l’extérieur." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1233/document.
Full textThe thesis is part of ECOCIS project (Eco-composite for insulation). This project involves the design, development and validation of the performance of a polypropylene-based composite reinforced with wood fibers (also known as wood-plastic) for use in cladding plate from the outside. This new material is part of the valuation issue of wood resources in the form of prepared materials.It focuses on the use of wood flour from waste from sawmills for reinforcing a thermoplastic matrix of polypropylene (PP) recycled. The first advantage of this composite is that it is environmentally friendly because recyclable polypropylene and wood fibers are biodegradable and derived from a renewable resource. Moreover, the combination of wood fiber and PP gives rise to a material with much better properties than the original components.An experimental companion was organized, focusing on the characterization tests of traction material, bending, Charpy impact. Additional measurements of thermal expansion and artificial aging are also considered. These tests will help determine the behavior law of the material and to understand the evolution of its properties with different parameters. Once the properties of the material have been validated, the next step is to put this material by converting it into value for cladding plates for outdoor use. A characterization of the plates in bending, impact and wind resistance was performed to validate the potential use of this cladding material from the outside
Surmann, Ralf. "Etude du vieillissement des géomembranes : mécanismes, essais et caractérisation." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10208.
Full textMaia, Filho Wilson Carlos. "Méthodologie d'essais accélérés de torsion et de détection de défaillance appliquée aux assemblages électroniques à billes." Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13561.
Full textPoulard, Fabienne. "Adhésion du polyamide 11 : mécanismes et vieillissement hygrothermal." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005639.
Full textL'objectif de l'étude est d'évaluer la durée de vie à long terme d'assemblages en polyamide 11, collés par le biais d'une colle-solvant, sous l'effet de l'eau et la température. Une première partie expérimentale permet, par un essai de pelage, d'identifier les principaux paramètres qui agissent sur la formation de l'interphase collée et d'étudier leur influence sur les caractéristiques physiques et la résistance mécanique d'un joint collé. Elle met en évidence l'effet de la mise en solution du polymère PA11 par la colle et permet de caractériser la formation de la zone collée (progression du solvant de part et d'autre de l'interface initiale, évolution de la résistance mécanique, corrélation entre mécanismes et faciès de rupture) selon les paramètres d'élaboration (temps de pré-séchage, durée et température de séchage, quantité de colle). Le travail réalisé permet de proposer des recommandations pour le protocole d'élaboration du joint et d'analyser les différentes contributions énergétiques qui interviennent lors de la rupture ainsi que les phénomènes de fragilisation.
Une seconde partie étudie l'influence d'un vieillissement hygrothermique sur la dégradation de joints collés (températures de 20 à 90°C). Outre les éprouvettes en PA11, deux types d'assemblages sont utilisés, en particulier des éprouvettes "tube/manchon" qui modélisent la jonction d'une canalisation gazière réelle. Trois domaines de température ont été mis en évidence, aussi bien sur le matériau PA11 que pour les joints. Ils influent sur l'évolution des propriétés en termes de cinétique d'absorption d'eau, de diminution des caractéristiques mécaniques du PA11 et de résistance du joint collé. A long terme et à température d'exposition élevée, on observe la destruction totale des liaisons au niveau du joint. Il apparaît un rôle de protection joué par la partie massique en PA11 de part et d'autre de la zone interfaciale. Une modélisation a été développée afin d'extrapoler le comportement de ses assemblages collés tube/manchon à long terme et pour des températures d'exposition plus basses.
Dompierre, Benoît. "Fiabilité mécanique des assemblages électroniques utilisant des alliages du type SnAgCu." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00604954.
Full textEl-Husseini, Mohamad-Hussein. "Amélioration de la fiabilité des condensateurs à films polypropylène métallisés." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10265.
Full textCHERIERE, JEAN MARC. "Etude du vieillissement physique du PMMA non plastifié par essais de microfluage." Poitiers, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992POIT2293.
Full textPoncet, Anthony. "Fiabilité expérimentale : dimensionnement optimal d'essais sous contraintes : modélisation des facteurs endommageant le composant et intégration dans le dimensionnement de l'essai. Application à l'automobile." Saint-Etienne, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STET4016.
Full textIn industry and in particular in automotive industry, it is important to contain engineering and manufacturing costs of products. However, it is also prejudicial not to contain reliability. Calculation of reliability and more precisely the link between field reliability and reliability in tests require new methods to take in account environmental factors during reliability test in order to validate a component. The developed method allows to have a representation of the damaging factors influences, with a proportional hazard model, in order to size an optimal validation test. The prior knowledge (expert judgments, passed tests,. . . ) is used to estimate these influences
Ramecourt, David. "Etude de la photosensibilité et de la stabilité de réseaux d'indice inscrits dans des fibres optiques germanosilicates hydrogénées." Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2001/50376-2001-151.pdf.
Full textLaronde, Rémi. "Fiabilité et durabilité d'un système complexe dédié aux énergies renouvelables - Application à un système photovoltaïque." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00978459.
Full textBelaïd, Mohamed Ali. "Contribution à l’analyse des dégradations d’origine thermique et des interactions électrothermiques dans les dispositifs LDMOS RF de puissance." Rouen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ROUES053.
Full textThe semiconductor characteristics are sensitive to temperature variations, in particular for ultra high frequency power devices. The temperature can limit the lifetime of semiconductors and plays an essential part in the degradation mechanisms. The thermal phenomenon remains however the principal cause of degradation in most cases. Consequently, the thermal aspects are becoming important for RF power devices in many applications, which can lead to the device failure. This work presents a bench dedicated to the thermal ageing. A power FR LDMOS transistor has been chosen for our first tests in accelerated ageing under various conditions. An electric characterization (IC-CAP software) has been made, and a thermoelectric model (under ADS) has been implemented, taking into account the temperature evolution in the device, which is used as the reliability tool (parameters extraction)
Aze, Sébastien. "Altérations chromatiques des pigments au plomb dans les oeuvres du patrimoine : étude expérimentale des altérations observées sur les peintures murales." Aix-Marseille 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX30072.
Full textLead-containing pigments (red lead, white lead), widely employed in paintings since Antiquity, are liable to undergo transformations which lead to discolorations of the pictorial layer (blackening, whitening, greening). The conditions of appearing of the alteration phases are studied through artificial ageing tests of raw pigments and experimental paintings. The tests reveal both the decomposition of white lead in the presence of lime and the transformation of minium into black plattnerite β-Pb02 in dilute acidic environment. The characterization of red lead micro-samples taken from an experimental wall painting after a 25-years natural ageing period reveal that blackening is linked to the formation of plattnerite through a probable mechanism of disproportionnation of Pb304 in acidic environment. The whitening is caused by the re-crystallization of divalent lead into both cerusite (PbCO3) and anglesite (PbSO4), produced by the absorption of gaseous pollutants (C02, SO2)