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Journal articles on the topic 'Essential Facilities'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 June 2024

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1

Lipsky, Abbott B., and J. Gregory Sidak. "Essential Facilities." Stanford Law Review 51, no. 5 (1999): 1187. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1229408.

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Egger, Alexander. "Essential facilities im Gesundheitswesen." Journal für Medizin- und Gesundheitsrecht, no. 1 (2018): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37942/jmg201801001201.

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3

Doherty, Barry. "Just What are Essential Facilities?" Common Market Law Review 38, Issue 2 (2001): 397–436. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/334307.

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4

Caan, Woody. "Adequate school toilet facilities are essential." Nursing Standard 17, no. 13 (2002): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.17.13.30.s46.

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5

Yazdani, PhD, Nur, Perry Green, PhD, and Saif Haroon, PhD. "Wind-missile impact capacity of essential facilities." Journal of Emergency Management 5, no. 2 (2007): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.2007.0053.

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Windborne debris during a hurricane may cause damage to building façades, resulting in significant economic losses and injury or death. Recent building codes have adopted variations of the large-wind-missile impact test in order to certify roof/wall components for hurricane resistance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the performance of commonly used Florida wall and roof assemblies under enhanced large-wind-missile impact testing, beyond the basic test specified in the Florida Building Code. Relevant standards specify similar enhanced standards for essential facilities and shelter

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6

Zalewska, Marta. "Essential facilities doctrine in European Union Law." Przegląd Prawniczy Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza 2 (June 30, 2013): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/ppuam.2013.2.12.

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7

Chang, Tzyy-Shiou, Hsiang-te Kung, and Shahram Pezeshk. "GIS in Seismic Evaluation of Essential Facilities." Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering 9, no. 4 (1994): 271–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8667.1994.tb00335.x.

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8

Bergman, Mats A. "The Role of the Essential Facilities Doctrine." Antitrust Bulletin 46, no. 2 (2001): 403–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003603x0104600206.

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9

Cotter, Thomas F. "Intellectual Property and the Essential Facilities Doctrine." Antitrust Bulletin 44, no. 1 (1999): 211–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003603x9904400106.

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10

Ortiz, Flora Ida. "Essential Learning Conditions for California Youth: Educational Facilities." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 106, no. 10 (2004): 2015–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146810410601006.

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Ortiz begins with research showing that safe, healthy, and uncrowded school facilities are a basic ingredient of a good educational program. When teachers work in well-designed and highly functional school buildings, they are able to be more effective than when they must teach in inadequate facilities. Ortiz sets these findings against the evidence that a high proportion of California's educational facilities are inadequate because they are crowded, old, and in need of repair and modernization. She finds that pressures from increased enrollment in the state due to demographic changes and class

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Pramoediyanto, Fidyani Leirta. "Essential Facilities Doctrine Untuk Membatasi Hak Eksklusif Paten." Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan 5, no. 2 (2020): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um019v5i2p389-397.

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This study aimed to discuss the exclusive rights of patents and the efforts to limit them through freedom of fair business competition. The study used normative legal research methods with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. Data analysis was descriptive analysis. The results showed that the exclusive rights in patents were limited by several provisions to eliminate fair business competition. An exclusive right to a patent owner was a patent right was to use the patent and prohibits other parties from using, producing, distributing, selling, leasing or otherwise without the permiss

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Ortiz, Flora Ida. "Essential Learning Conditions for California Youth: Educational Facilities." Teachers College Record 106, no. 10 (2004): 2015–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9620.2004.00425.x.

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13

Altarelli, Massimo. "European money could end delays on essential facilities." Nature 465, no. 7294 (2010): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/465031a.

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14

Albors-Llorens, Albertina. "The “essential facilities” doctrine in ec competition law." Cambridge Law Journal 58, no. 3 (1999): 461–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197399323011.

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INOscar Bronner GmbH&Co. KG v. Mediaprint Zeitungs- und Zeitschriftenverlag GmbH&Co. KG and others (Case C-7/97, [1999] 4 C.M.L.R. 112), the European Court of Justice has clarified the scope of the application of the “essential facilities” doctrine to EC competition law. The Commission defined an “essential facility” as a “facility or infrastructure without access to which competitors cannot provide services to their customers” (B&I Line plc v. Sealink Harbours Ltd., Commission Decision of 11 June 1992, [1992] 5 C.M.L.R. 255 at paragraph 41). Under the doctrine, a dominant undertak

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Grout, Paul A., and In-Uck Park. "Promoting competition in the presence of essential facilities." International Journal of Industrial Organization 22, no. 10 (2004): 1415–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijindorg.2004.10.002.

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16

Nelson Smid, Jennifer. "Essential details in performing art facilities' practice rooms." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 140, no. 4 (2016): 3294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4970472.

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17

ARIAWAN, ARIAWAN. "E-COMMERCE, BIG DATA, ESSENTIAL FACILITIES DOCTRINE IN COMPETITION LAW." Russian Law Journal 11, no. 1 (2023): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/rlj.v11i1.351.

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With our entry into the era of industry 4.0 brings all activities, one of which is business to an online base commonly called e-commerce. However, with all the conveniences provided through buying and selling on online platforms, there is a new conversation about whether online platforms make competition stronger or actually facilitate market monopolies. Especially when discussing digital platforms, it's impossible to ignore market-related information, which comes in all types of information. Nonetheless, with the introduction of Big Data, previously raw data may now be processed to provide a

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18

Nyanchoka, Moriasi, Mercy Mulaku, Bruce Nyagol, Eddy Johnson Owino, Simon Kariuki, and Eleanor Ochodo. "Implementing essential diagnostics-learning from essential medicines: A scoping review." PLOS Global Public Health 2, no. 12 (2022): e0000827. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000827.

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The World Health Organization (WHO) model list of Essential In vitro Diagnostic (EDL) introduced in 2018 complements the established Essential Medicines List (EML) and improves its impact on advancing universal health coverage and better health outcomes. We conducted a scoping review of the literature on implementing the WHO essential lists in Africa to inform the implementation of the recently introduced EDL. We searched eight electronic databases for studies reporting on implementing the WHO EDL and EML in Africa. Two authors independently conducted study selection and data extraction, with

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Wardhana, Nandi. "YURIDICAL ANALYSIS OF THEORY OF THEORY OF ETHICAL FACILITIES DUTIES LAW COMPETITION COMPETITION IN INDONESIA." Diponegoro Law Review 3, no. 2 (2018): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/dilrev.3.2.2018.257-263.

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Indonesian competition law today requires a renewal of one of them concerning the doctrine of essential facilities duties. The doctrine essential facilities duties is a doctrine imposed on a dominant business actor who has access to essential facilities to provide access for competing business actors to use the facility. Regulation of essential facilities duties are needed to reduce dominance of a dominant firm in a particular market. This study uses a statutory approach, conceptual approach, and a comparative approach between the arrangements in the United States, Europe and Indonesia. The ap

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20

Cohen, Marc. "Hydrothermal facilities: essential services in the age of pandemics." International Journal of Spa and Wellness 3, no. 1 (2020): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/24721735.2020.1838144.

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Aoki, Reiko, and John Small. "Compulsory licensing of technology and the essential facilities doctrine." Information Economics and Policy 16, no. 1 (2004): 13–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.infoecopol.2003.09.002.

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Kurnia, Bramantyo Suryodhahono, R. Ismala Dewi, and Putri A. Saragi. "The concept of essential facilities in the efficiency of industrial natural resources." E3S Web of Conferences 52 (2018): 00022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185200022.

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The concept of ‘essential facilities’ is known as a tool to request an access of a vital facility to an undertaking having a dominant position in the market. The concept of ‘essential facilities’ can also be regarded as a code of ethics in the utilization of vital facilities because it regulates the ethics of utilizing it. According to the concept of ‘essential facilities’, the utilization of a vital facility must be fair and equitable among all parties and none of the parties can dominate it. This doctrine is of course applicable to maintain fair competition within a market. However, by openi

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23

Dadari, Ibrahim, and Effua Usuf. "Essential medicines wastage assessment in the Solomon Islands." PLOS Global Public Health 2, no. 2 (2022): e0000181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000181.

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The World Health Organization (WHO) regularly updates its list of Essential medicines. However, the use of these medicines in the Solomon Islands is less well described. We assessed supplies, prescriptions, and stocks of zinc, oral rehydration salt (ORS), vitamin A, and albendazole in six provinces of the Solomon Islands for 2017 and 2018. We also conducted a stocktake of available medicine supplies at the point of data collection. We found that quantities of drugs supplied were in excess of the prescriptions and stock records at the facilities were inadequate. There were expired drugs at the

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Kalungia, Chichonyi A., M. Mwale, IS Sondashi, B. Mweetwa, P. Yassa, and G. Kadimba. "Availability of Essential Antihypertensive and Antidiabetic Medicines in Public Health Facilities in Lusaka District, Zambia." Medical Journal of Zambia 44, no. 3 (2017): 140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.55320/mjz.44.3.279.

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Background: The non-communicable disease (NCD) burden in Zambia remains quite high. Providing access to essential medicines for hypertension and diabetes remains a major challenge in low-middle income countries, Zambia is no exception in this regard.Aim: The aim of this study was to determine and describe the availability of essential antihypertensive and antidiabetic medicines in selected public health facilities in Lusaka district.Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was undertaken in Lusaka district involving 15 randomly selected public health facilities. Data on availability of fi

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Kalungia, Chichonyi A., M. Mwale, I. S. Sondashi, B. Mweetwa, P. Yassa, and G. Kadimba. "Availability of Essential Antihypertensive and Antidiabetic Medicines in Public Health Facilities in Lusaka District, Zambia." Medical Journal of Zambia 44, no. 3 (2017): 140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.55320/mjz.44.3.84.

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Background: The non-communicable disease (NCD) burden in Zambia remains quite high. Providing access to essential medicines for hypertension and diabetes remains a major challenge in low-middle income countries, Zambia is no exception in this regard. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine and describe the availability of essential antihypertensive and antidiabetic medicines in selected public health facilities in Lusaka district. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was undertaken in Lusaka district involving 15 randomly selected public health facilities. Data on avai

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26

Anisah, Siti. "ESSENTIAL FACILITIES DOCTRINES PADA PENGUASAAN PASAR OLEH BADAN USAHA MILIK NEGARA." Refleksi Hukum: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 7, no. 1 (2022): 37–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24246/jrh.2022.v7.i1.p37-62.

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Kegiatan usaha Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN) acapkali menguasai essential facilities sehingga menimbulkan penguasaan pasar. Dalam perkara-perkara penguasaan pasar, studi ini menemukan bahwa dalam dua kasus dengan objek yang sama, Majelis Komisi memiliki pertimbangan dan putusan yang berbeda. Dalam suatu putusan, Majelis Komisi tidak membenarkan penguasaan pasar secara monopolistis oleh BUMN atas dasar Essential Facilities Doctrine (EFD), namun dalam putusan lain Majelis Komisi terlihat membenarkan penguasaan pasar secara monopolistis oleh BUMN atas dasar Pasal 33 UUD NRI 1945 sehingga ini di

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27

Thomas, Dixon, Gerardo Alvarez-Uria, and G. Seetharam. "Essential medicines concept for quality assurance of health care facilities." Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences 4, no. 2 (2012): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0975-7406.94826.

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28

KING, STEPHEN P., and RODNEY MADDOCK. "COMPETITION AND ALMOST ESSENTIAL FACILITIES: MAKING THE RIGHT POLICY CHOICES." Economic Papers: A journal of applied economics and policy 15, no. 3 (1996): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-3441.1996.tb00120.x.

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29

Tierney, Robert, Aard J. Groen, Rainer Harms, et al. "Managing highly flexible facilities: an essential complementary asset at risk." International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 18, no. 2 (2012): 233–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13552551211204238.

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30

Marks, Vincent. "Essential Considerations in the Provision of Near-Patient Testing Facilities." Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 25, no. 3 (1988): 220–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000456328802500303.

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(1) Near-patient testing (NPT) is both practicable and in some situations desirable. (2) Like all new technologies its apparent simplicity often belies its complexity and masks the need for attention to detail in order to achieve optimum effects and avoid disasters. (3) Though technically unskilled individuals are capable of using it, they must undergo training in the elements of safety, sample collection, quality control, quantitation and documentation before being authorised to provide analytical services for patients. (4) Health Authorities should be encouraged to adopt a policy of integrat

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Crawford, J. E., L. Javier, M. J. Valancius, D. D. Bogosian, and B. W. Dunn. "Nonlinear analysis for seismic upgrade studies of existing essential facilities." Computers & Structures 64, no. 5-6 (1997): 1183–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0045-7949(97)00028-x.

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32

Pengilley, Warren. "Access to Essential Facilities: A Unique Antitrust Experiment in Australia." Antitrust Bulletin 43, no. 2 (1998): 519–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003603x9804300209.

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Adeke, Azuka Stephen, Chukwuma David Umeokonkwo, Muhammad Shakir Balogun, and Augustine Nonso Odili. "Essential medicines and technology for hypertension in primary healthcare facilities in Ebonyi State, Nigeria." PLOS ONE 17, no. 2 (2022): e0263394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263394.

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Introduction Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) now constitute major cause of morbidity and mortality in middle and low income countries including Nigeria. One of the major efforts at controlling CVDs in Nigeria includes expanding universal access to care through the primary healthcare (PHC) system. The study was to assess essential medicines and technology for control of hypertension in PHC facilities in Ebonyi Nigeria. Methods The study used mixed method cross-sectional survey to assess availability, affordability and accessibility of essential medicines and technology in 45 facilities and among

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34

Feng, Lingshan. "The Application of Essential Facilities Doctrine in Antitrust Regulation of IP Rights." Advances in Social Behavior Research 2, no. 1 (2023): 18–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7102/2/2022016.

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The State Administration for Market Regulation has referred to the concept of "essential facilities" in two regulations, and some courts have utilized the essential facilities doctrine in their judgments to recognize a defendant's refusal to deal as an illegal act of monopolization. As a doctrine originally applicable only to tangible properties in the United States, the essential facilities doctrine has gradually evolved through case law to be applied in the context of intellectual property (IP) rights. Nevertheless, there remains significant controversy in China and other jurisdictions as to

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35

Armstrong-Hough, Mari, Srish Sharma, Sandeep P. Kishore, Ann R. Akiteng, and Jeremy I. Schwartz. "Variation in the availability and cost of essential medicines for non-communicable diseases in Uganda: A descriptive time series analysis." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (2020): e0241555. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241555.

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Background Availability of essential medicines for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is poor in low- and middle-income countries. Availability and cost are conventionally assessed using cross-sectional data. However, these characteristics may vary over time. Methods We carried out a prospective, descriptive analysis of the availability and cost of essential medicines in 23 Ugandan health facilities over a five-week period. We surveyed facility pharmacies in-person up to five times, recording availability and cost of 19 essential medicines for NCDs and four essential medicines for communicable d

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Broccoli, Morgan C., Jennifer L. Pigoga, Mulinda Nyirenda, Lee Wallis, and Emilie J. Calvello Hynes. "Essential medicines for emergency care in Africa." Emergency Medicine Journal 35, no. 7 (2018): 412–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2017-207396.

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ObjectivesEssential medicines lists (EMLs) are efficient means to ensure access to safe and effective medications. The WHO has led this initiative, generating a biannual EML since 1977. Nearly all countries have implemented national EMLs based on the WHO EML. Although EMLs have given careful consideration to many public health priorities, they have yet to comprehensively address the importance of medicines for treating acute illness and injury.MethodsWe undertook a multistep consensus process to establish an EML for emergency care in Africa. After a review of existing literature and internatio

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37

Kovalenko, Alexander I. "Big Data as a essential facilities in the antitrust regulation of digital markets." Journal of Modern Competition 15, no. 2 (2021): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37791/2687-0657-2021-15-2-19-28.

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The article is devoted to the issue of applying the Essential Facilities Doctrine to big data for the purpose of antitrust regulation of digital markets. The concept of big data is revealed, which currently does not have a normative legal fixation in the legislation of the Russian Federation. The article identifies the difference between big data and regular data, between the organizational, managerial, economic and legal content of these phenomena of the digital age. Based on the analysis of scientific publications, law enforcement and judicial practice of antimonopoly agencies of foreign cou

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문기탁. "A Study on the Broadcasting Contents and the Essential Facilities Doctrine." HUFS Law Review 33, no. 3 (2009): 677–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.17257/hufslr.2009.33.3.677.

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39

Teran-Gilmore, Amador, Gerardo Diaz, and Carlos Reyes. "Displacement-based conception of moment-resisting frames that house essential facilities." Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 46 (March 2013): 96–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2012.12.005.

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Mazo, Vladimir K., Ivan V. Gmoshinski, and Sergey N. Zorin. "New food sources of essential trace elements produced by biotechnology facilities." Biotechnology Journal 2, no. 10 (2007): 1297–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/biot.200700015.

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Chang, T. S., S. Pezeshk, K. C. Yiak, and H. T. Kung. "Seismic Vulnerability Evaluation of Essential Facilities in Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee." Earthquake Spectra 11, no. 4 (1995): 527–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585826.

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This study is designed to assess potential seismic vulnerability of highly occupied or heavily used essential facilities, including 202 schools, 22 hospitals, and 74 fire stations, in Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee which may be strongly affected by earthquakes in the New Madrid seismic zone (NMSZ). The seismic evaluation system uses existing data such as site, subsurface condition, foundation, structural characteristics, and results of previous site-specific seismic hazard studies. Results of the study reveal the current overall risk of damage of the essential facilities subject to the r

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Osuegbu, Osborne Ikechuckwu, Foluke Olukemi Adeniji, Golden Chukwuemeka Owhonda, Rogers Bariture Kanee, and Eric Osamudiamwen Aigbogun. "Exploring the Essential Stroke Care Structures in Tertiary Healthcare Facilities in Rivers State, Nigeria." INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 59 (January 2022): 004695802110679. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00469580211067939.

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This study evaluated the essential stroke care structure available in the two Tertiary Health Facilities in Rives State, Nigeria. This was a descriptive survey involving the Stroke Care Survey and Assessment Tool (checklist/questionnaire) developed by the World Stroke Organisation to obtain information about the available essential stroke care structure (facilities, equipment, personnel and management protocol) at the two tertiary health facilities (RSUTH & UPTH). The study gathered relevant information, which was summarised into tables and graphs using Microsoft Excel 2016. From the resul

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Petrov, Sergey P. "APPLICATION OF THE ESSENTIAL FACILITIES DOCTRINE IN THE ANALYSIS OF THE BIG DATA OPERATORS BEHAVIOR." Russian Economic Journal, no. 6 (December 14, 2022): 93–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.33983/0130-9757-2022-6-93-110.

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Digital transformation of economy leads to changes in industrial markets and firms behavior on them. They begin to compete basing not on expansion of their market share but on creating a benefit for a consumer. Therefore, increase of firm competitiveness requires information about consumer preferences and behavior, which in turn leads to a changes in the role and forms of supply chain participants interaction. In such a situation, big data operators gain a competitive advantage, backed by high fixed costs of extracting value from big data, which provides monopoly power. The question arises abo

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Atiqzai, Faridullah, Partamin Manalai, Sher Shah Amin, et al. "Quality of essential newborn care and neonatal resuscitation at health facilities in Afghanistan: a cross-sectional assessment." BMJ Open 9, no. 8 (2019): e030496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030496.

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ObjectiveTo assess readiness and quality of essential newborn care and neonatal resuscitation practices in public health facilities in Afghanistan.DesignCross-sectional assessment.Setting226 public health facilities in Afghanistan, including 77 public health facilities with at least five births per day (high-volume facilities) and 149 of 1736 public health facilities with fewer than five births per day (low-volume facilities).ParticipantsManagers of 226 public health facilities, 734 skilled birth attendants (SBAs) working at these facilities, and 643 women and their newborns observed during ch

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Ajingdit, Dhal T., Peter N. Karimi, Kashi B. Carasso, and François Niragire. "Cross-sectional study on the availability of essential medicines at public health facilities in Jur River County, South Sudan." South Sudan Medical Journal 16, no. 2 (2023): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ssmj.v16i2.2.

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Introduction: The availability of essential medicines in health facilities in Jur River County (JRC), South Sudan, is below expectations. This is despite the requirement that all citizens should be provided with adequate quality health care services. The objective of the study was to assess the availability of essential medicines and inventory management practices in JRC.Method: This was a cross sectional study conducted in 31 of the 51 health facilities in JRC. These were 23 primary health care units (PHCUs) and eight primary health care centres (PHCCs). Data were collected using a structured

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Nalebe, Robert Mugubi N., ,. Prof George W. Odhiambo-Otieno, and Dr Caroline Kawila Kyalo. "The Influence of ICT Infrastructure Support for Management of Essential Medicine Supply Chain in Health Facilities in Kenya." International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews 5, no. 3 (2024): 6747–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.5.0324.0880.

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47

Kapur, Dr Radhika. "Home Care Facilities for Senior Citizens: Essential in Promoting Enrichment of Living Conditions." Indian Journal of Social Science and Literature 3, no. 2 (2024): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.54105/ijssl.a1319.03021223.

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The main objective of this research paper is to acquire an efficient understanding of home care facilities for senior citizens. In old age, the individuals are overwhelmed by different types of health problems and illnesses. Furthermore, they are experiencing various types of psychological problems of anger, stress, anxiety, frustration and depression due to various factors. Hence, they need help and support from individuals in order to promote their good health and well-being, physically as well as psychologically. The senior citizens are required to be well-informed in terms of different typ

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Shen, Guoqiang, Zhangye Wang, Long Zhou, Yu Liu, and Xiaoyi Yan. "Home-Based Locational Accessibility to Essential Urban Services: The Case of Wake County, North Carolina, USA." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (2020): 9142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12219142.

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Accessibility is an important concept in urban studies and planning, especially on issues related to sustainable transportation planning and urban spatial structure. This paper develops an optimization model to examine the accessibility from single family homes to major urban facilities for services or amenities using geographical information systems. The home-based accessibility to facilities is based upon the point to point direct distance from sampled homes to sampled facilities. Descriptive statistics about the accessibility, such as min/max, mean/median, and standard deviation/variance we

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Oyetunji, Abiodun Kolawole, and Benjamin Ifeoluwa Oluleye. "An Exploratory Assessment of University Staff Housing Facilities Management and Maintenance Culture." Global Journal of Business, Economics and Management: Current Issues 11, no. 3 (2021): 192–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjbem.v11i3.5603.

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Maintenance is a vital aspect for facilities, especially those handled by man as they are mostly affected by diverse factors. Staff housing and its attendant facilities are essential aspects that define tertiary institutions of learning's quality and aesthetics. Its qualitative maintenance enhances the productivity of the users, thereby contributing to quality research and learning. This study examines facilities maintenance culture in the Federal University of Technology, Akure staff housing. The study adopted a survey research design. Data for the analysis were sourced from the staff housing

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Lévêque, François. "Innovation, Leveraging and Essential Facilities: Interoperability Licensing in the EU Microsoft Case." World Competition 28, Issue 1 (2005): 71–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/woco2005005.

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This article provides an economic analysis of the European Commission’s decision against Microsoft’s refusal to supply information on interoperability. It surveys the exceptional circumstances examined by the Commission in applying the essential facility doctrine to the case. It analyses the Commission’s reasoning on Microsoft’s leveraging its market power from one market to another. It discusses the amount Microsoft can request as reasonable remuneration for the licensing of its property rights on interface. According to the author, the analysis of incentives to innovate, as proposed by the C

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