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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Essential fatty acids Cell Membrane

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Academic literature on the topic 'Essential fatty acids Cell Membrane'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Essential fatty acids Cell Membrane"

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Lee, A. G., J. M. East, and R. J. Froud. "Are essential fatty acids essential for membrane function?" Progress in Lipid Research 25 (January 1986): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0163-7827(86)90009-3.

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Haag, Marianne. "Essential Fatty Acids and the Brain." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 48, no. 3 (April 2003): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674370304800308.

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Objective: To review the role of essential fatty acids in brain membrane function and in the genesis of psychiatric disease. Method: Medline databases were searched for published articles with links among the following key words: essential fatty acids, omega-3 fatty acids, docosahexanoic acid, eicosapentanoic acid, arachidonic acid, neurotransmission, phospholipase A2, depression, schizophrenia, mental performance, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and Alzheimer's disease. Biochemistry textbooks were consulted on the role of fatty acids in membrane function, neurotransmission, and eicosanoid formation. The 3-dimensional structures of fatty acids were obtained from the Web site of the Biochemistry Department, University of Arizona (2001). Results: The fatty acid composition of neuronal cell membrane phospholipids reflects their intake in the diet. The degree of a fatty acid's desaturation determines its 3-dimensional structure and, thus, membrane fluidity and function. The ratio between omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), in particular, influences various aspects of serotoninergic and catecholaminergic neurotransmission, as shown by studies in animal models. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) hydrolyzes fatty acids from membrane phospholipids: liberated omega-6 PUFAs are metabolized to prostaglandins with a higher inflammatory potential, compared with those generated from the omega-3 family. Thus the activity of PLA2 coupled with membrane fatty acid composition may play a central role in the development of neuronal dysfunction. Intervention trials in human subjects show that omega-3 fatty acids have possible positive effects in the treatment of various psychiatric disorders, but more data are needed to make conclusive directives in this regard. Conclusion: The ratio of membrane omega-3 to omega-6 PUFAs can be modulated by dietary intake. This ratio influences neurotransmission and prostaglandin formation, processes that are vital in the maintenance of normal brain function.

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Dessì, Mariarita, Annalisa Noce, Pierfrancesco Bertucci, Simone Manca di Villahermosa, Rossella Zenobi, Veronica Castagnola, Eliana Addessi, and Nicola Di Daniele. "Atherosclerosis, Dyslipidemia, and Inflammation: The Significant Role of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids." ISRN Inflammation 2013 (May 12, 2013): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/191823.

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Phospholipids play an essential role in cell membrane structure and function. The length and number of double bonds of fatty acids in membrane phospholipids are main determinants of fluidity, transport systems, activity of membrane-bound enzymes, and susceptibility to lipid peroxidation. The fatty acid profile of serum lipids, especially the phospholipids, reflects the fatty acid composition of cell membranes. Moreover, long-chain n-3 polyunsatured fatty acids decrease very-low-density lipoprotein assembly and secretion reducing triacylglycerol production. N-6 and n-3 polyunsatured fatty acids are the precursors of signalling molecules, termed “eicosanoids,” which play an important role in the regulation of inflammation. Eicosanoids derived from n-6 polyunsatured fatty acids have proinflammatory actions, while eicosanoids derived from n-3 polyunsatured fatty acids have anti-inflammatory ones. Previous studies showed that inflammation contributes to both the onset and progression of atherosclerosis: actually, atherosclerosis is predominantly a chronic low-grade inflammatory disease of the vessel wall. Several studies suggested the relationship between long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and inflammation, showing that fatty acids may decrease endothelial activation and affect eicosanoid metabolism.

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Condray, Ruth, Jeffrey K. Yao, Stuart R. Steinhauer, Daniel P. van Kammen, Ravinder D. Reddy, and Lisa A. Morrow. "Semantic memory in schizophrenia: Association with cell membrane essential fatty acids." Schizophrenia Research 106, no. 1 (November 2008): 13–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2008.03.009.

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Mukerjee, Souvik, Abdulaziz S. Saeedan, Mohd Nazam Ansari, and Manjari Singh. "Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Mediated Regulation of Membrane Biochemistry and Tumor Cell Membrane Integrity." Membranes 11, no. 7 (June 28, 2021): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11070479.

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Particular dramatic macromolecule proteins are responsible for various cellular events in our body system. Lipids have recently recognized a lot more attention of scientists for understanding the relationship between lipid and cellular function and human health However, a biological membrane is formed with a lipid bilayer, which is called a P–L–P design. Our body system is balanced through various communicative signaling pathways derived from biological membrane proteins and lipids. In the case of any fatal disease such as cancer, the biological membrane compositions are altered. To repair the biological membrane composition and prevent cancer, dietary fatty acids, such as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, are essential in human health but are not directly synthesized in our body system. In this review, we will discuss the alteration of the biological membrane composition in breast cancer. We will highlight the role of dietary fatty acids in altering cellular composition in the P–L–P bilayer. We will also address the importance of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids to regulate the membrane fluidity of cancer cells.

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Glick, Norris R., and Milton H. Fischer. "The Role of Essential Fatty Acids in Human Health." Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine 18, no. 4 (May 22, 2013): 268–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2156587213488788.

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Fatty acid research began about 90 years ago but intensified in recent years. Essential fatty acids (linoleic and α-linolenic) must come from diet. Other fatty acids may come from diet or may be synthesized. Fatty acids are major components of cell membrane structure, modulate gene transcription, function as cytokine precursors, and serve as energy sources in complex, interconnected systems. It is increasingly apparent that dietary fatty acids influence these vital functions and affect human health. While the strongest evidence for influence is found in cardiovascular disease and mental health, many additional conditions are affected. Problematic changes in the fatty acid composition of human diet have also taken place over the last century. This review summarizes current understanding of the pervasive roles of essential fatty acids and their metabolites in human health.

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Peet, Malcolm, Jon Laugharne, N. Rangarajan, David Horrobin, and Gavin Reynolds. "Depleted red cell membrane essential fatty acids in drug-treated schizophrenic patients." Journal of Psychiatric Research 29, no. 3 (May 1995): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3956(95)00001-l.

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Tranchant, T., P. Besson, C. Hoinard, M. Pinault, J. M. Alessandri, J. Delarue, C. Couet, and J. Goré. "Long-term supplementation of culture medium with essential fatty acids alters α-linolenic acid uptake in Caco-2 clone TC7." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 76, no. 6 (June 1, 1998): 621–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y98-071.

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We investigated the influence of four different culture media: 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 5% FBS, 5% FBS supplemented with 10 mg·L-1 linoleic acid (18:2(n-6)) or alpha-linolenic acid (18:3(n-3)) on alpha-linolenic acid apical uptake in clone TC7 of human intestinal Caco-2 cell line. Neither cellular viability nor cell monolayer integrity and permeability were altered by the four culture conditions. Our results show that the different culture media led to changes in alpha-linolenic acid maximal rate of uptake (Vmax) but did not alter the apparent transport constant (Km). Reducing FBS concentration from 20% to 5% increased significantly the rate of alpha-linolenic acid uptake, which was further increased by supplementation of the medium with 18:2(n-6) or 18:3(n-3). Supplementation with essential fatty acids led to a marked enrichment of brush-border membrane phospholipids in polyunsaturated fatty acids of the corresponding series and decreased significantly the levels of monounsaturated fatty acids. Saturated fatty acids, unsaturation index, and cholesterol / fatty acid ratios were unchanged. No clear relation could be established between the changes in membrane lipid composition and the alterations of alpha-linolenic acid uptake. These results indicate a weak influence of membrane lipid composition in the modulation of the uptake. Therefore, the increase of uptake following long-term supplementation of TC7 cells with essential fatty acids could be attributed to an increase of the expression of membrane protein(s) involved in the apical uptake of long-chain fatty acids. This remains to be established.Key words: fatty acid intestinal absorption, Caco-2 cells, membrane fatty acid transport protein, membrane phospholipid fatty acid composition.

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Uauy, Ricardo, Patricia Mena, and Cecilia Rojas. "Essential fatty acids in early life: structural and functional role." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 59, no. 1 (February 2000): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665100000021.

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Essential fatty acids (EFA) are structural components of all tissues and are indispensable for cell membrane synthesis; the brain, retina and other neural tissues are particularly rich in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA). These fatty acids serve as specific precursors for eicosanoids that regulate numerous cell and organ functions. Results from animal and recent human studies support the essential nature of n-3 EFA in addition to the well-established role of n-6 EFA for human subjects, particularly in early life. The most significant effects relate to neural development and maturation of sensory systems. Recent studies using stable-isotope-labelled tracers demonstrate that even preterm infants are able to form arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), but that synthesis is extremely low. Intracellular fatty acids or their metabolites regulate transcriptional activation of gene expression during adipocyte differentiation, and retinal and nervous system development. Regulation of gene expression by LCPUFA occurs at the transcriptional level and is mediated by nuclear transcription factors activated by fatty acids. These nuclear receptors are part of the steroid hormone receptor family. Two types of polyunsaturated fatty acid responsive transcription factors have been characterized, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) and the hepatic nuclear factor 4α. DHA also has significant effects on photoreceptor membranes involved in the signal transduction process, rhodopsin activation, and rod and cone development. Comprehensive clinical studies have shown that dietary supplementation with marine oil or single-cell oils, sources of LCPUFA, results in increased blood levels of DHA and AA, as well as an associated improvement in visual function in formula-fed premature infants to match that of human milk-fed infant. Recent clinical trials convincingly support LCPUFA supplementation of preterm infant formulations and possibly term formula to mimic human milk composition.

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Rodríguez-Vargas, Sonia, Alicia Sánchez-García, Jose Manuel Martínez-Rivas, Jose Antonio Prieto, and Francisca Randez-Gil. "Fluidization of Membrane Lipids Enhances the Tolerance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to Freezing and Salt Stress." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 1 (October 27, 2006): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01360-06.

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ABSTRACT Unsaturated fatty acids play an essential role in the biophysical characteristics of cell membranes and determine the proper function of membrane-attached proteins. Thus, the ability of cells to alter the degree of unsaturation in their membranes is an important factor in cellular acclimatization to environmental conditions. Many eukaryotic organisms can synthesize dienoic fatty acids, but Saccharomyces cerevisiae can introduce only a single double bond at the Δ9 position. We expressed two sunflower (Helianthus annuus) oleate Δ12 desaturases encoded by FAD2-1 and FAD2-3 in yeast cells of the wild-type W303-1A strain (trp1) and analyzed their effects on growth and stress tolerance. Production of the heterologous desaturases increased the content of dienoic fatty acids, especially 18:2Δ9,12, the unsaturation index, and the fluidity of the yeast membrane. The total fatty acid content remained constant, and the level of monounsaturated fatty acids decreased. Growth at 15°C was reduced in the FAD2 strains, probably due to tryptophan auxotrophy, since the trp1 (TRP1) transformants that produced the sunflower desaturases grew as well as the control strain did. Our results suggest that changes in the fluidity of the lipid bilayer affect tryptophan uptake and/or the correct targeting of tryptophan transporters. The expression of the sunflower desaturases, in either Trp+ or Trp− strains, increased NaCl tolerance. Production of dienoic fatty acids increased the tolerance to freezing of wild-type cells preincubated at 30°C or 15°C. Thus, membrane fluidity is an essential determinant of stress resistance in S. cerevisiae, and engineering of membrane lipids has the potential to be a useful tool of increasing the tolerance to freezing in industrial strains.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Essential fatty acids Cell Membrane"

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Bhura-Bandali, Farah. "The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in essential fatty acid metabolism." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq22572.pdf.

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Chatgilialoglu, Alexandros <1981&gt. "Membrane lipidomics: the reorganization of fatty acids as a biomarker of cell condition." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2145/.

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Makarem, Nour. "Dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids in relation to red blood cell membrane fatty acids and bone health in healthy men: a cross-sectional study." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103742.

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Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and long chain PUFA (LCPUFA) may play a role in bone health, but evidence is scarce in human males. The objective of this study is to determine if the dietary intake of PUFA and LCPUFA, particularly the omega-3 LCPUFA, and their subsequent levels in red blood cell (RBC) membranes are associated with higher bone mineral density (BMD) of the whole body, spine, hip, and femoral neck in healthy middle aged men. Anthropometric measurements, assessment of dietary and supplement intake, assessment of total and weight-bearing physical activity, quantification of total fatty acid levels in RBC membranes, and assessment of BMD using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was conducted in a cross-sectional sample of healthy middle-aged men. Statistical Analysis using the student t-test for eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intake and status above and below the median was conducted, followed by multiple linear regression analysis to confirm the results of the t-test while accounting for covariates including body mass index (BMI), serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D), calcium intake, alcohol intake, and physical activity. Higher dietary intake of EPA+DHA was associated with higher whole body and spine BMD and spine z-score. Higher EPA intake was associated with higher spine z-score. Finally, higher EPA status (% in RBC) was associated with higher whole body and spine BMD; and of femoral neck and spine z‐scores. These preliminary results suggest that men with higher intakes of EPA and DHA and higher EPA status have improved bone health. However, it appears the LCPUFA status is a stronger predictor than dietary LCPUFA intake.
Les acides gras polyinsaturés (AGPI) et les acides gras polyinsaturés à longue chaîne (AGPI-LC) peuvent influencer la santé osseuse, mais très peu de preuves existent en ce qui concerne les hommes. L'objectif de cette étude est de déterminer si l'apport alimentaire en AGPI et en AGPI-LC, en particulier en oméga-3 AGPI-LC, et leurs concentrations subséquents dans les membranes des érythrocytes sont associés à une plus grande densité minéral osseuse (DMO) du corps entier, de la colonne vertébrale, des hanches et du col du fémur chez les hommes d'âge moyen en bonne santé. Dans un échantillon transversal d'hommes d'âge moyen en bonne santé, les mesures anthropométriques ont été relevées, l'apport des aliments et des suppléments alimentaires ainsi que les activités physiques totales et celles avec mise en charge évalués, les concentrations totales des acides gras dans les membranes des érythrocytes quantifiées et les DMO mesurées par ostéodensitométrie. L'analyse statistique a été effectuée à la fois pour l'apport et le bilan en acide eicosapentanoique (EPA) et acide docosahexaenoique (DHA) au-dessus et en-dessous de la médiane en utilisant des tests-t de Student, suivi par une analyse de régression linéaire multiple pour confirmer les résultats des tests-t en prenant en compte les covariables. Un apport alimentaire plus élevé en EPA et DHA est associé avec des DMO plus élevées du corps entier et de la colonne vertébrale et un plus grand score-z pour la colonne vertébrale. Un apport plus élevé en EPA est associé avec un score-z réduit de celle-ci. Enfin, bilan plus élevé d'EPA (% présent dans les érythrocytes) est associé avec des DMO plus élevées du corps entier et de la colonne vertébrale et des plus grands score-z pour le col du fémur et la colonne vertébrale. Ces résultats préliminaires suggèrent que les hommes qui consomment plus d'EPA et de DHA et qui ont un bilan en EPA plus élevé ont une meilleure santé osseuse. Cependant, il semblerait que le bilan en AGPI-LC soit un meilleur indicateur que l'apport alimentaire en AGPI-LC.

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Syme, C. A. "Patch-clamp studies on endothelial cell and chromaffin cell K'+ channels : effects of shear stress, membrane stretch and fatty acids." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298575.

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Ta, Tuong Chi. "The essential fatty acid linoleic acid is the endogenous ligand for the Orphan nuclear receptor Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 Aplha." Diss., UC access only, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1871881951&sid=1&Fmt=7&clientId=48051&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Litwin, Nicole S. "Assessment of Red Blood Cell Membrane Fatty Acid Composition in Relation to Dietary Intake in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Catheterization." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2319.

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Red blood cells (RBC) have been shown to mediate plaque development seen in coronary artery disease (CAD). This study determined whether differences in RBC fatty acid (FA) composition were related to CAD risk. FAs were extracted from RBCs of 38 individuals who have undergone cardiac catheterization, 9 of whom had obstructive CAD, and analyzed via gas chromatography. Ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) assay was used to determine oxidative stress. Food frequency questionnaires were used to correlate RBC omega-3 FA to daily intake of omega-3 FA. No correlation was found between RBC content and intake of omega-3 FA. FRAP values and RBC FA composition did not differ between the 2 groups with exception of the saturated FA, palmitic acid (p=0.018). These results suggest that RBC FA composition may differ between individuals with or at risk for CAD. Additional research is needed to validate this biomarker as a predictor of CAD.

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Hauke, Sebastian [Verfasser], and Anne-Claude [Akademischer Betreuer] Gavin. "Investigations of Trace Amines and Fatty Acids as Essential Endogenous Signaling Factors for β-Cell Activity and Insulin Secretion / Sebastian Hauke ; Betreuer: Anne-Claude Gavin." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1199540463/34.

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Basiouni, Shereen. "The modulating effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids on membrane composition and phospholipase D in a canine mast cell line as a model for atopic dermatitis." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-142529.

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Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have been used with some success in the treatment of canine atopic dermatitis (CAD). Correspondent in vitro studies revealed that PUFA play a crucial role in the exocytosis of mast cells. n3 PUFA such as α-linolenic acid (LNA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), as well as the n6 PUFA linoleic acid (LA) have been shown to arrest the secretion of inflammatory mediators. Contrary, the n-6 PUFA arachidonic acid (AA) has been proven to promote the production of mast cell inflammatory mediators. However, we are still lacking a complete picture of the mode of action. The goal of this work was to further characterize the modulatory effects of PUFA supplementation on the plasma membrane lipid composition of mast cells. Furthermore the consequences of a membrane modulation of mast cells by PUFA on the localization and activity on of the membrane bound enzyme phospholipases D (PLD) were investigated. Canine mastocytoma cells (C2) were supplemented with one of the following PUFA: LNA, EPA, DHA, LA or AA. To investigate the influence of PUFA on the lipid composition of membrane microdomains, lipid rafts were separated from non-raft plasma membranes of mast cells for the first time using a detergent-free isolation technique. Results show that PUFA are significantly increased in rafts as well as in non-rafts microdomains (Publication 1). The incorporation of PUFA into the membrane goes along with an increase of the unsaturation status and the fluidity of the membrane. This rise in membrane fluidity may result in a reorganization of membrane signaling molecules and enzymes such as the PLD. To define the impact of a PUFA supplementation on PLD trafficking, C2 were transfected with green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion plasmids encoding PLD1 or PLD2. Since the transfection ability of the suspension cell line C2 is limited, a special transfection protocol was established, suitable for non-adherent cell lines. Transfection succeeded using chicken egg white as coating material for the cell culture plates. The transfection efficiency rose to 50% versus 5% in uncoated plates. In addition to the obvious increase in the transfection efficiency, the new technique is simple and economic and might be suitable for a wide range of suspension cell lines (Publication 2). Using this optimized protocol the influence of PUFA on the trafficking of PLD isoforms was studied. LNA, EPA, DHA and LA but not AA prevented the stimulation-induced translocation of PLD1 to the plasma membrane. Since the translocation of PLD1 is important for mast cell exocytosis, LNA, EPA, DHA and LA do have an inhibiting effect on the stimulation-induced release of pro-inflammatory mediators. All PUFA tested boosted the total PLD activity. In order to rule out, which PLD isoform was affected by the PUFA, the mast cells were supplemented with DHA or AA in the presence of specific PLD isoform inhibitors. DHA completely abolished the inhibitiory effect of the PLD1 inhibitor but had no effect on the inhibitory effect of PLD2 inhibitor. On the other hand, AA suppressed the inhibitory effect of both PLD1 and PLD2 inhibitor (Publication 3). Taking together, the studies provide a mechanistic base for the role of PUFA in the exocytosis processes of mast cells. PUFA of the n3 and the n6 families impact the lipid composition of membrane microdomains, which in turn lead to a modulation of the physiochemical properties of the membrane. LNA, EPA, DHA and LA suppress the release of inflammatory mediators through their inhibitory action on the stimulation-induced translocation of the PLD1. Contrariwise, AA permits the stimulation-induced migration of PLD1 to the plasma membrane and increases the activity of both PLD isoforms. Therefore, LNA, EPA, DHA and LA but not AA inhibit the release of mast cell inflammatory mediators upon stimulation
Mehrfach ungesättigte Fettsäuren (PUFA) können mit einigem Erfolg zur Behandlung der caninen atopischen Dermatitis (CAD) eingesetzt werden. In vitro-Studien zeigten, dass PUFA eine entscheidende Rolle in der Exozytose von Mastzellen spielen. N-3-PUFA wie α-Linolensäure (LNA), Eicosapentaensäure (EPA), Docosahexaensäure (DHA) sowie die n-6-PUFA Linolsäure (LA) können die Sekretion von Entzündungsmediatoren vermindern. Arachidonsäure (AA) als n-6 mehrfach ungesättigte Fettsäure hingegen fördert die Entzündungsmediatoren-Freisetzung aus den Mastzellen. Eine vollständige Aufklärung der Wirkungsweise fehlt aber weiterhin. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war eine weitergehende Charakterisierung der modulierenden Effekte einer PUFA-Supplementierung auf die Lipidzusammensetzung der Plasmamembran von Mastzellen. Darüber hinaus wurden die Auswirkungen von PUFA auf die Lokalisation und Aktivität des Membran-gebundenen Enzyms Phospholipase D (PLD) untersucht. Canine Mastozytom-Zellen (C2) wurden mit einer der folgenden PUFA kultiviert: LNA, EPA, DHA, LA oder AA. Um den Einfluss von PUFA auf die Lipidzusammensetzung der Membran-Mikrodomänen zu untersuchen, konnten sowohl Lipid Raft als auch Nicht-Raft Plasmamembran-Anteile von Mastzellen zum ersten Mal mittels einer Detergenzien-freien Isolationsmethode getrennt werden. Hervorzuheben ist, dass PUFA signifikant vermehrt in Raft- sowie in Nicht-Raft Membranmikrodomänen eingelagert werden (Publikation 1). Die Integration von PUFA in die Membran geht mit einer Steigerung der Doppelbindungsanzahl und der Fluidität der Membran einher. Diese Erhöhung der Membranfluidität kann zu einer Reorganisation von membranären Signalmolekülen und Enzymen wie der PLD führen. Um die Auswirkungen einer PUFA-Supplementierung auf den intrazellulären Transport der PLD in C2 zu bestimmen, wurden die Zellen mit PLD1- oder PLD2-codierenden grün fluoreszierenden Protein-(GFP-)Fusionsplasmiden transfiziert. Da die Transfektionsfähigkeit der Suspensions-Zelllinie C2 begrenzt ist, wurde ein für nicht-adhärente Zelllinien geeignetes Transfektionsprotokoll etabliert. Mit Hühnereiweiß als Beschichtungsmaterial für die Zellkultur-Platten stieg die Transfektionseffizienz auf 50% im Vergleich zu 5% bei unbeschichteten Platten. Neben der deutlichen Erhöhung der Transfektionseffizienz ist die neu etablierte Technik einfach durchzuführen sowie wirtschaftlich und kann für eine Vielzahl von Suspension-Zelllinien geeignet sein (Publikation 2). Unter Verwendung dieses optimierten Protokolls wurde der Einfluss von PUFA auf die Translokation der PLD-Isoformen untersucht. LNA, EPA, DHA und LA, nicht aber AA verhindern die stimulationsinduzierte Translokation der PLD1 an die Plasmamembran. Die Translokation der PLD1 ist wichtig für die Mastzell-Exozytose. LNA, EPA, DHA und LA haben hier eine hemmende Wirkung auf die stimulationsinduzierte Freisetzung von proinflammatorischen Mediatoren. Alle getesteten PUFA verstärken die Gesamt-PLD-Aktivität. Um zu unterscheiden, welche PLD-Isoform durch PUFA beeinflusst ist, wurden die Mastzellen mit DHA oder AA in Gegenwart von PLD-Isoform-Inhibitoren supplementiert. DHA hebt die inhibitorische Wirkung des PLD1-Inhibitors vollständig auf, zeigte aber keinen Einfluss auf die hemmende Wirkung des PLD2-Inhibitors. Andererseits unterdrückt AA die hemmende Wirkung des PLD1- als auch des PLD2-Inhibitors (Publikation 3). Zusammenfassend bietet die Studie eine mechanistische Basis für die Rolle von PUFA bei Exozytose-Prozessen von Mastzellen. PUFA der n-3- und n-6-Familie beeinflussen die Lipidzusammensetzung von membranären Mikrodomänen, was wiederum zu einer Modulation der physikalisch-chemischen Eigenschaften der Membran führt. LNA, EPA, DHA und LA verhindern die Freisetzung von Entzündungsmediatoren durch ihre hemmende Wirkung auf die stimulationsinduzierte Translokation der PLD1. Umgekehrt erlaubt AA eine stimulationsinduzierte Migration der PLD1 zur Plasmamembran und steigert die Aktivität der beiden Isoformen der PLD. Somit hemmen LNA, EPA, DHA und LA, aber nicht AA die Freisetzung von Mastzell-Entzündungsmediatoren nach Stimulation

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Sakabe, Róberson [UNESP]. "Lipídios e parede celular de Saccharomyces cerevisiae para tilápia de Nilo na inflamação e no desempenho produtivo." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100175.

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Este ensaio teve como objetivo avaliar a suplementação alimentar com dois óleos vegetais (soja e linhaça) e parede celular de Saccharomyces cerevisiae em tilápias do Nilo sobre o desempenho produtivo, inflamação aguda induzida por Streptococcus agalactiae inativado, inflamação crônica por corpo estranho por meio do implante de lamínulas de vidro no tecido subcutâneo e a taxa de sobrevivência frente ao desafio com S. agalactiae. Foram utilizadas 840 tilápias, invertidas sexualmente, distribuídas em 24 caixas de 500L (n=35). O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com oito tratamentos e três repetições, no qual foram testadas duas fontes de ácidos graxos essenciais (óleo de soja (OS) e óleo de linhaça (OL)) e dois níveis de parede celular de S. cerevisiae (PC) na dieta (0,0 e 0,3%) constituindo os seguintes tratamentos: OS; OL; OS+OL; OS+PC; OL+PC; OS+OL+PC; PC e controle. Os peixes receberam as rações teste durante três meses, duas vezes ao dia, ad libitum. Um lote de peixes foi avaliado quanto ao acúmulo de células na inflamação induzida por S. agalactiae inativado, na bexiga natatória após 12, 24 e 48 horas. O segundo lote de peixes foi submetido ao implante de lamínulas de vidro no tecido subcutâneo por dois, quatro, seis e oito dias, quando foram colhidas e avaliadas quanto ao acúmulo de macrófagos e formação de gigantócitos. Dentre os parâmetros hematológicos foi realizado eritrograma completo (contagem de células vermelhas, percentual de hematócrito e taxa de hemoglobina). Além disso, foi avaliada a atividade respiratória de leucócitos sanguíneos. No terceiro lote de peixes, foram avaliados os parâmetros de desempenho produtivo e a sobrevivência frente ao desafio bacteriano com S. agalactiae. No estudo da inflamação aguda constatou-se o efeito da suplementação alimentar com os óleos vegetais (soja e/ou linhaça)...
This test was designed to evaluate dietary supplementation with two vegetable oils (soybean and linseed) and cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Nile tilapia growth performance, acute inflammation induced by Streptococcus agalactiae inactivated, chronic inflammation of foreign body through implantation of glass coverslips into the subcutaneous tissue and survival upon challenge with S. agalactiae. 840 tilapia, sexually inverted, were distributed into 24 aquarium of 500L (n = 35). The design was completely randomized with eight treatments and three replicates which two sources of essential fatty acids (soybean oil (SO) and linseed oil (LO)) and two levels of the cell wall of S. cerevisiae (PC) in diet (0.0 and 0.3%), and tested to the following treatments: OS, OL, OL + OS, OS + PC, PC + OL; OS + OL + PC, PC and control. The fish were fed with diets for three months, twice daily, ad libitum. In one group of fish the accumulation of cells in the inflammation induced by S. agalactiae inactivated in bladder after 12, 24 and 48 hours were evaluated. The second group of fish was subjected to implantation of glass coverslips into the subcutaneous tissue by two, four, six and eight days when they were harvested and evaluated for macrophage accumulation and formation of giant cell. Among the hematological parameters the complete erythrocyte (red blood cell count, percentage of hematocrit and hemoglobin) was performed. Furthermore, the respiratory activity of blood leukocytes was evaluated. The third group of fish, the productive performance parameters and survival to the bacterial challenge with S. agalactiae was evaluated. In the study of acute inflammation was found the effect of dietary supplementation with vegetable oils (soybean and / or linseed), as well as the yeast cell wall increased accumulation of total cells in the exudate of the swim bladder... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Basiouni, Shereen [Verfasser], Herbert [Akademischer Betreuer] Fuhrmann, Herbert [Gutachter] Fuhrmann, and Ulrich [Gutachter] Sack. "The modulating effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids on membrane composition and phospholipase D in a canine mast cell line as a model for atopic dermatitis / Shereen Basiouni ; Gutachter: Herbert Fuhrmann, Ulrich Sack ; Betreuer: Herbert Fuhrmann." Leipzig : Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1238021263/34.

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Books on the topic "Essential fatty acids Cell Membrane"

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Structural and Functional Relationships in Prokaryotes. Springer, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Essential fatty acids Cell Membrane"

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Russo, C., O. Olivieri, D. Girelli, M. Azzini, P. Guarini, A. M. Stanzial, S. Friso, R. Pasqualini, and R. Corrocher. "Impaired Zinc and Copper Status and Altered Fatty Acid Cell Membrane Composition in Essential Hypertension." In Therapeutic Uses of Trace Elements, 207–11. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0167-5_35.

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Murakami, Makoto, Ichiro Kudo, and Keizo Inoue. "Characteristics And Possible Functions of Mast Cell Phospholipases A2." In Neurobiology of Essential Fatty Acids, 27–34. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3426-6_3.

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Clandinin, M. T., M. Suh, and K. Hargreaves. "Impact of Dietary Fatty Acid Balance on Membrane Structure and Function of Neural Tissues." In Neurobiology of Essential Fatty Acids, 197–210. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3426-6_17.

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Bazan, Nicolas G., William C. Gordon, and Elena B. Rodriguez de Turco. "Docosahexaenoic Acid Uptake and Metabolism in Photoreceptors: Retinal Conservation By an Efficient Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell-Mediated Recycling Process." In Neurobiology of Essential Fatty Acids, 295–306. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3426-6_26.

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Romantsov, T., and J. M. Wood. "Contributions of Membrane Lipids to Bacterial Cell Homeostasis upon Osmotic Challenge." In Biogenesis of Fatty Acids, Lipids and Membranes, 801–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50430-8_58.

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Romantsov, T., and J. M. Wood. "Contributions of Membrane Lipids to Bacterial Cell Homeostasis upon Osmotic Challenge." In Biogenesis of Fatty Acids, Lipids and Membranes, 1–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43676-0_58-1.

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Romantsov, T., and J. M. Wood. "Contributions of Membrane Lipids to Bacterial Cell Homeostasis upon Osmotic Challenge." In Biogenesis of Fatty Acids, Lipids and Membranes, 1–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43676-0_58-2.

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Grammatikos, Stephanos I., Papasani V. Subbaiah, Thomas A. Victor, and William M. Miller. "Diverse effects of essential (n-6 and n-3) fatty acids on cultured cells." In Cell Culture Engineering IV, 31–50. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0257-5_5.

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Beaugé, Françoise J. "Revelant Effects of Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Synaptic Membrane Responses to Ethanol and Chronic Alcohol Intoxication." In Alcohol, Cell Membranes, and Signal Transduction in Brain, 47–53. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2470-0_4.

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Ježek, Petr, Blanka Holendová, Martin Jabůrek, Jan Tauber, Andrea Dlasková, and Lydie Plecitá-Hlavatá. "Redox Signaling is Essential for Insulin Secretion." In Type 2 Diabetes [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94312.

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In this review, we place redox signaling in pancreatic β-cells to the context with signaling pathways leading to insulin secretion, acting for example upon the action of incretins (GLP-1, GIP) and the metabotropic receptor GPR40. Besides a brief description of ion channel participation in depolarization/repolarization of the plasma membrane, we emphasize a prominent role of the elevated glucose level in pancreatic β-cells during glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). We focus on our recent findings, which revealed that for GSIS, not only elevated ATP synthesis is required, but also fundamental redox signaling originating from the NADPH oxidase 4- (NOX4-) mediated H2O2 production. We hypothesized that the closing of the ATP-sensitive K+ channel (KATP) is only possible when both ATP plus H2O2 are elevated in INS-1E cells. KATP alone or with synergic channels provides an element of logical sum, integrating both metabolic plus redox homeostasis. This is also valid for other secretagogues, such as branched chain ketoacids (BCKAs); and partly for fatty acids (FAs). Branched chain aminoacids, leucine, valine and isoleucine, after being converted to BCKAs are metabolized by a series of reactions resembling β-oxidation of FAs. This increases superoxide formation in mitochondria, including its portion elevated due to the function of electron transfer flavoprotein ubiquinone oxidoreductase (ETF:QOR). After superoxide conversion to H2O2 the oxidation of BCKAs provides the mitochondrial redox signaling extending up to the plasma membrane to induce its depolarization together with the elevated ATP. In contrast, experimental FA-stimulated insulin secretion in the presence of non-stimulating glucose concentrations is predominantly mediated by GPR40, for which intramitochondrial redox signaling activates phospholipase iPLA2γ, cleaving free FAs from mitochondrial membranes, which diffuse to the plasma membrane and largely amplify the GPR40 response. These events are concomitant to the insulin release due to the metabolic component. Hypothetically, redox signaling may proceed by simple H2O2 diffusion or via an SH-relay enabled by peroxiredoxins to target proteins. However, these aspects have yet to be elucidated.

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Conference papers on the topic "Essential fatty acids Cell Membrane"

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Hiraide, Takanori, Takanori Sakaguchi, Satoru Furuhashi, Tomohiro Matsumoto, Yusuke Ozaki, Ryota Kiuchi, Makoto Takeda, et al. "Abstract 2048: Saturated fatty acids in cell membrane phospholipids play an important role in chemoresistance in colorectal cancer." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2017; April 1-5, 2017; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-2048.

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Osteurd, B., J. O. Olsen, and L. Wilsgard. "MONOCYTE STIMULATION IN BLOOD EXPRESSED BY INDUCED THROMBOPLASTIN SYNTHESIS IS CONTROLLED BY THE RELEASE OF ARACHIDONIC ACID AND THE FUNCTION OF PLATELETS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643289.

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Inhibitors of phoapholipaae A2, block the release of arachidonic acid (20:4) in the cell membrane. Adding such an inhibitor, dibromoacetophenone (20µM) to hepar-inized blood incubated with LPS for 2 hours, blocked totally the induction of thromboplastin synthesis. Liposomes prepared from soyalecithin, containing 60* linoleic acid (18:2) had no stimulatory effect by themselves, but enhanced the stimulating effect of LPS up to 10 fold. When the liposomes were added to the blood samples 0,15,30,60 and 90 min after the LPS had been added, a time dependent response of the liposomes was seen. Blood samples incubated with LPS for 2 hours but only exposed to liposomes for 30 min had monocytes with a thromboplastin activity of 30x10/10-3cells as compared to an activity of 152x10 /10-3 cells in the monocytes of blood incubated with LPS and liposomes for 2 hours. Although the linoleic acid (18:2) is metabolized to arachidonic acid (20:4), it may be more likely that the effect of liposomes is exerted by a mechanism whereby the fatty acid 18:2 is preventing arachidonic acid from being reacylated. This will cause more 20:4 to be free and metabolized to give products required for monocyte activation.A tremendous difference in response to monocyte stimulation between different individuals has been observed. Recently we found that this phenomenon could partially be explained by very active platelets in those with high cell stimuli response. Thus, when platelet rich plasma (PRP) from a high responder was incubated with white cells from a low responder followed by incubation with LPS, there was a drastic increase in monocyte response as compared to the samples where PRP from the low responder was incubated with white cells of its own plus LPS. PRP from a low responder combined with white cells of a high responder resulted in a low response of the monocytes to LPS stimuli.It is concluded that fatty acids and the activity function of platelets may play a central role in monocyte function.

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