Academic literature on the topic 'Established aliens'
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Journal articles on the topic "Established aliens"
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Sauvard, Daniel, Manuela Branco, Manuela Branco, et al. "Weevils and Bark Beetles (Coleoptera, Curculionoidea). Chapter 8.2." BioRisk 4 (July 6, 2010): 219–66. https://doi.org/10.3897/biorisk.4.64.
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We record 201 alien curculionoids established in Europe, of which 72 originates from outside Europe. Aliens to Europe belong to five families, but four-fifth of them are from family Curculionidae. Many families and subfamilies, among which species-rich ones, have few representatives among alien curculionoids, whereas some others are over-represented; these latter, Dryophthoridae, Cossoninae and specially Scolytinae, all contains many xylophagous species. The number of new records of alien species increases continuously, with an acceleration during the last decades. Aliens to Europe originate from all parts of the world, but mainly Asia; few alien curculionoids originate from Africa. Italy and France host the largest number of alien to Europe. The number of aliens per country decreases eastwards, but is mainly correlated with importations amount and, secondary, with warm climates. All alien curculionoids have been introduced accidentally via international shipping. Wood and seed borers are specially liable to human-mediated dispersal due to their protected habitat. Alien curculionoids mainly attack stems, and half of them are xylophagous. The majority of alien curculionoids live in human-modified habitats, but many species live in forests and other natural or semi-natural habitats. Several species are pests, among which grain feeders as <em>Sitophilus</em> sp. are the most damaging.
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Lopez-Vaamonde, Carlos, David Agassiz, Sylvie Augustin, et al. "Lepidoptera. Chapter 11." BioRisk 4 (July 6, 2010): 603–68. https://doi.org/10.3897/biorisk.4.50.
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We provide a comprehensive overview of those Lepidopteran invasions to Europe that result from increasing globalisation and also review expansion of species within Europe. A total of 97 non-native Lepidoptera species (about 1% of the known fauna), in 20 families and 11 superfamilies have established so far in Europe, of which 30 alone are Pyraloidea. In addition, 88 European species in 25 families have expanded their range within Europe and around 23% of these are of Mediterranean or Balkan origin, invading the north and west. Although a number of these alien species have been in Europe for hundreds of years, 74% have established during the 20th century and arrivals are accelerating, with an average of 1.9 alien Lepidoptera newly established per year between 2000–2007. For 78 aliens with a known area of origin, Asia has contributed 28.9%, Africa (including Macaronesian islands, Canaries, Madeira and Azores) 21.6%, North America 16.5%, Australasia 7.2% and the neotropics just 5.2%. The route for almost all aliens to Europe is via importation of plants or plant products. Most alien Lepidoptera established in Europe are also confined to man-made habitats, with 52.5% occuring in parks and gardens. We highlight four species in particular, <em>Diaphania perspectalis</em>, <em>Cacyreus marshalli</em>, <em>Cameraria ohridella</em> and <em>Paysandisia archon</em>, as the most important current economic threats.
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McGrannachan, Chris M., Gillis J. Horner, and Melodie A. McGeoch. "Scale dependence in the phylogenetic relatedness of alien and native taxa." Journal of Plant Ecology 13, no. 5 (2020): 601–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtaa048.
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Abstract Aims Darwin’s naturalization hypothesis proposes that successfully established alien species are less closely related to native species due to differences in their ecological niches. Studies have provided support both for and against this hypothesis. One reason for this is the tendency for phylogenetic clustering between aliens and natives at broad spatial scales with overdispersion at fine scales. However, little is known about how the phylogenetic relatedness of alien species alters the phylogenetic structure of the communities they invade, and at which spatial scales effects may manifest. Here, we examine if invaded understorey plant communities, i.e. containing both native and alien taxa, are phylogenetically clustered or overdispersed, how relatedness changes with spatial scale and how aliens affect phylogenetic patterns in understorey communities. Methods Field surveys were conducted in dry forest understorey communities in south-east Australia at five spatial scales (1, 20, 500, 1500 and 4500 m2). Standardized effect sizes of two metrics were used to quantify phylogenetic relatedness between communities and their alien and native subcommunities, and to examine how phylogenetic patterns change with spatial scale: (i) mean pairwise distance and (ii) mean nearest taxon distance (MNTD). Important Findings Aliens were closely related to each other, and this relatedness tended to increase with scale. Native species and the full community exhibited either no clear pattern of relatedness with increasing spatial scale or were no different from random. At intermediate spatial scales (20–500 m2), the whole community tended towards random whereas the natives were strongly overdispersed and the alien subcommunity strongly clustered. This suggests that invasion by closely related aliens shifts community phylogenetic structure from overdispersed towards random. Aliens and natives were distantly related across spatial scales, supporting Darwin’s naturalization hypothesis, but only when phylogenetic distance was quantified as MNTD. Phylogenetic dissimilarity between aliens and natives increased with spatial scale, counter to expected patterns. Our findings suggest that the strong phylogenetic clustering of aliens is driven by human-mediated introductions involving closely related taxa that can establish and spread successfully. Unexpected scale-dependent patterns of phylogenetic relatedness may result from stochastic processes such as fire and dispersal events and suggest that competition and habitat filtering do not exclusively dominate phylogenetic relationships at fine and coarse spatial scales, respectively. Distinguishing between metrics that focus on different evolutionary depths is important, as different metrics can exhibit different scale-dependent patterns.
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ZENETOS, A., E. MERIC, M. VERLAQUE, et al. "Additions to the annotated list of marine alien biota in the Mediterranean with special emphasis on Foraminifera and Parasites." Mediterranean Marine Science 9, no. 1 (2008): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.146.
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The present work is an update of the annotated list (ZENETOS et al., 2006) based on literature up to April 2008. Emphasis is given to ecofunctional/taxonomic groups poorly addressed in the annotated list, such as the foraminiferan and parasites, while macrophytes are critically reviewed following the CIESM Atlas (VERLAQUE et al., in press). Moreover, in this update the bio-geographic area addressed includes the Sea of Marmara.The update yields a further 175 alien species in the Mediterranean bringing the total to 903. As evidenced by recent findings, more and more previously known ‘casual’ aliens, are becoming established. Approximately 100 more species have become well established in the region, raising the number of established species to 496 versus 385 until 2005. In the period from January 2006 to April 2008 more than 80 published papers have resulted in the recording of 94 new aliens, which is interpreted as a new introduction every 9 days, a rate beyond the worst scenario.
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Rapson, Gillian L., Ashley L. Murphy, and Angelina R. Smith. "Invasive species over-stabilise the vegetation of a mobile dunefield, Manawatū, New Zealand, disrupting natural succession." Vegetation Classification and Survey 4 (December 22, 2023): 343–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vcs.98391.
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Aims: Mobile, coastal dunefields around the world are under threat from invasive plants, which may out-compete native plant species. These aliens may also accelerate stabilisation of the dunes, to the complete exclusion of early successional native flora. In a mobile dunefield we examine the impact of the increasing abundance of alien species on substrate stability and successional trends of the native vegetation. Study area: Tawhirihoe Scientific Reserve, Manawatū, New Zealand. Methods: We recorded species’ covers and environmental factors in quadrats placed randomly over the mobile dunefield, and analysed the vegetation and its successional patterns via multivariate analysis. We explored the degrees of stabilisation and nativeness, referencing changes over the last three decades. Results: Our analysis reveals seven vegetation types, three with a high native component and following an established successional trend, and the others becoming dominated by alien grasses and herbs, and associated with increasing dune stability. Biodiversity is trending towards aliens, especially behind the foredunes, and aliens occupy nearly double the area of the mobile dunefield as do natives. Coverage of unvegetated or mobile sand has declined to 21 % and is projected to decline further. Conclusions: Only the foredunes and dune-slack wetlands are now in a mostly natural state, while native rear dune vegetation is becoming rare, and natural succession appears to be interrupted. Alien species over-stabilise the dunefield, facilitating further alien invasion, the longer-term implications of which are unknown. Intervention to destabilise the dunefield seems the most viable management option. Taxonomic reference: Nga Tipu o Aotearoa (http://nzflora.landcareresearch.co.nz) [accessed 10 Jan 2023].
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Rapson, Gillian L., Ashley L. Murphy, and Angelina R. Smith. "Invasive species over-stabilise the vegetation of a mobile dunefield, Manawatū, New Zealand, disrupting natural succession." Vegetation Classification and Survey 4 (December 22, 2023): 343–60. https://doi.org/10.3897/VCS.98391.
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Aims: Mobile, coastal dunefields around the world are under threat from invasive plants, which may out-compete native plant species. These aliens may also accelerate stabilisation of the dunes, to the complete exclusion of early successional native flora. In a mobile dunefield we examine the impact of the increasing abundance of alien species on substrate stability and successional trends of the native vegetation. Study area: Tawhirihoe Scientific Reserve, Manawatū, New Zealand. Methods: We recorded species' covers and environmental factors in quadrats placed randomly over the mobile dunefield, and analysed the vegetation and its successional patterns via multivariate analysis. We explored the degrees of stabilisation and nativeness, referencing changes over the last three decades. Results: Our analysis reveals seven vegetation types, three with a high native component and following an established successional trend, and the others becoming dominated by alien grasses and herbs, and associated with increasing dune stability. Biodiversity is trending towards aliens, especially behind the foredunes, and aliens occupy nearly double the area of the mobile dunefield as do natives. Coverage of unvegetated or mobile sand has declined to 21 % and is projected to decline further. Conclusions: Only the foredunes and dune-slack wetlands are now in a mostly natural state, while native rear dune vegetation is becoming rare, and natural succession appears to be interrupted. Alien species over-stabilise the dunefield, facilitating further alien invasion, the longer-term implications of which are unknown. Intervention to destabilise the dunefield seems the most viable management option. Taxonomic reference: Nga Tipu o Aotearoa (http://nzflora.landcareresearch.co.nz) [accessed 10 Jan 2023].
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Rudkovskaya, Оksana. "New records of alien plant species rare in the Russian Arctic (Murmansk region, NW Russia)." Czech Polar Reports 12, no. 1 (2022): 115–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cpr2022-1-9.
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This paper deals with new records of both unintentionally introduced (Bromus japonicus, Cichorium intybus, Iva xanthiifolia, Onobrychis viciifolia) and escaped (Hylotelephium telephium) vascular plant species that are rare in the Russian Arctic. Three of them (B. japonicus, H. telephium, and O. viciifolia) are novel for the alien flora of the city of Murmansk. The data were obtained by the author during fieldwork in Murmansk municipal region in 2018. Geographical coordinates, a description of the location, habitats, quantity characteristic, vegetative stage of the species are listed for every occurrence. The information about general distribution, life form characteristics, the primary origin of the species is compiled as well. Proposal pathways of the introduction of the reported aliens are established. Regarding the invasion status, all presented aliens are considered to be casual.
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ANTIT, M., S. GOFAS, C. SALAS, and A. AZZOUNA. "One hundred years after Pinctada: an update on alien Mollusca in Tunisia." Mediterranean Marine Science 12, no. 1 (2011): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.53.
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The occurrences of non-indigenous marine molluscs in Tunisia are reviewed, based booth on a literature survey and on original material. Species are accepted as established if there are two independent reports, either geographically separate or at least one month apart in time. On these grounds, 14 species are accepted (12 alien and 2 expanding their range from elsewhere in the Mediterranean), 3 aliens need confirmation but are likely to meet the standards for acceptation on a short future, and 5 records are rebutted or questioned. Two more species may be considered as cryptogenic, the reports are reliable but it is not clear indication that they are not indigenous. Two of the alien species are reported for the first time in Tunisian waters: the nudibranch Polycerella emertoni qualifies as established, and the bivalve Anadara transversa is tentatively identified from a juvenile live-taken specimen, which awaits further confirmation.The occurrence of aliens in Tunisia is balanced between presumably Lessepsian species of tropical Indo-Pacific origin, and species from other sources including species from the Tropical Atlantic introduced through shipping. Nevertheless there is a prevalence of Lessepsian species towards the Gulf of Gabes in the south, whereas the shipping activity in Tunis harbour may be the main pathway of introduction in the north.
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EVANS, J., J. BARBARA, and P. J. SCHEMBRI. "Updated review of marine alien species and other ‘newcomers’ recorded from the Maltese Islands (Central Mediterranean)." Mediterranean Marine Science 16, no. 1 (2015): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.1064.
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An updated review of marine alien species and other ‘newcomers’ recorded from the Maltese Islands is presented on account of new records and amendments to a previous review in 2007. Species were classified according to their establishment status (‘Questionable’, ‘Casual’, ‘Established’, ‘Invasive’) and origin (‘Alien’, ‘Range expansion’, ‘Cryptogenic’). A total of 31 species were added to the inventory, while 6 species have been removed, bringing the total number of species to 73. Of these, 66 are considered to be aliens (or putative aliens but with uncertain origin) with the remaining 7 resulting from range expansion. Six records are considered to be questionable and hence unverified. For verified records, the dominant taxonomic groups are Mollusca (represented by 21 species) and Actinopterygii (15 species), followed by Crustacea (8 species) and Rhodophyta (7 species). Eight of these species (aliens: Caulerpa cylindracea, Lophocladia lallemandi, Womersleyella setacea, Brachidontes pharaonis, Percnon gibbesi, Fistularia commersonii, Siganus luridus; range extender: Sphoeroides pachygaster) are considered to be invasive. The introduction pathway for 30 species is unknown. Amongst the alien species, ‘Shipping’ is the most common introduction pathway, followed by ‘Secondary dispersal’ from elsewhere in the Mediterranean Sea. An increasing trend in the number of alien marine species reported from the Maltese Islands is evident, with a peak of 22 species recorded during the last decade (2001–2010). A discussion on the rationale for including range-expanding species in national inventories of recent arrivals, and in the analysis of trends in records from the Maltese Islands, is included. In particular, the general warming trend of Mediterranean surface waters appears to be facilitating the westward spread of thermophilic alien species from the Eastern to the Central Mediterranean, and the eastward range expansion of tropical and subtropical Eastern Atlantic species.
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Garcia-Serrano, Hèctor, Josep Escarré, and F. Xavier Sans. "Factors that limit the emergence and establishment of the related aliens Senecio inaequidens and Senecio pterophorus and the native Senecio malacitanus in Mediterranean climate." Canadian Journal of Botany 82, no. 9 (2004): 1346–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b04-097.
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Three series of seed addition experiments in natural sites and in common experimental conditions are described to compare the effect of disturbance, water availability, and habitat type on the emergence and establishment of the two alien congeners Senecio inaequidens D.C. and Senecio pterophorus D.C. and the native Senecio malacitanus Huter. The emergence of the three species was favored by disturbance, while establishment was enhanced by water availability. Habitat also had a dramatic effect on emergence, with more seedlings germinating under the shrubs and in the forest. However, only the plants that emerged in the open annual grassland survived until the adult stage, some of which flowered, mostly S. inaequidens. The emergence of the alien S. pterophorus was lower than that of the other species, but once established it produced significantly more biomass than the others. The effect of disturbance and water availability on emergence and establishment does not explain the differences in invasive capacity between the two aliens and the native; however, some traits, such as the biomass production of S. pterophorus and the early flowering of S. inaequidens, can contribute to the capacity of the two aliens to colonize new habitats.Key words: Senecio, alien invasive, emergence, disturbance, water addition, seed or site limitation.
Books on the topic "Established aliens"
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US GOVERNMENT. An Act to Establish a Cultural Training Program for Disadvantaged Individuals to Assist the Irish Peace Process. U.S. G.P.O., 1998.
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US GOVERNMENT. An Act to Require the Attorney General to Establish a Program in Local Prisons to Identify, Prior to Arraignment, Criminal Aliens and Aliens Who Are Unlawfully Present in the United States, and for Other Purposes. U.S. G.P.O., 1997.
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. To require the Attorney General to establish a program in local prisons to identify, prior to arraignment, criminal aliens and aliens who are unlawfully present in the United States, and for other purposes: Report (to accompany H.R. 1493) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). U.S. G.P.O., 1997.
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Office, General Accounting. Tax administration: IRS' efforts to establish a business information returns program : report to the Honorable Doug Barnard, Jr., Chairman, Subcommittee on Commerce, Consumer, and Monetary Affairs, House Committee on Government Operations. The Office, 1988.
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Gifts, Jaygo. Roswell Aviation Established 1947 Roswell New Mexico: Alien Journal, Blank Paperback UFO Notebook to Write in, 150 Pages, College Ruled. Independently Published, 2019.
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Chakkalakal, Tess. Dred and the Freedom of Marriage. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036330.003.0003.
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This chapter examines the marriage plots running through Harriet Beecher Stowe's antislavery trilogy. Relying on the slave-marriage between George and Eliza, Uncle Tom's Cabin establishes two distinct marital categories: legal and nonlegal. Reading the opposition between slave and legal marriage plots in her subsequent antislavery novels, Dred: A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp (1856) and The Minister's Wooing (1859), with a particular emphasis on the former, the chapter examines the ways in which Stowe's novels posit the slave-marriage as a method of reforming conventional religious-legal marriage. Wedding her argument against slavery to her critique of marriage, Stowe aligns her antislavery principles with her proto-feminist ideas.
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Armstrong, John, and David M. Williams. The Impact of Technological Change. Liverpool University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9780986497377.001.0001.
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This book presents an in-depth study of the impact of the steamship on Britain during its first forty years, roughly between 1810 and 1850. It relates the early steamship to several industrial themes including diffusion; construction; modernisation; the role of government - particularly the difficult attempt to align laissez-faire politics with the greater need for public safety measures due to technological advance; business and finance; plus public reaction and tourism. The aim is to establish the significance of the steamship as a conduit of modernisation and societal change. It consists of a foreword, introduction, and fourteen chapters devoted to specific themes, structured to ensure each chapters build on the preceding chapter’s progress. Collectively, they demonstrate that the development of both experience and enterprise with steam power both gained and refined during this period made the mid-century expansion of steamship technology across Britain possible. Ultimately, it establishes that steamship services began to adapt to oceanic routes, steam began to integrate into the world economy, and the age of sail began to draw to a close.
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Strategic Plan of the Pan American Health Organization 2020-2025: Equity at the Heart of Health. Organización Panamericana de la Salud, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37774/9789275173619.
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The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) Strategic Plan sets out the Organization’s strategic direction, based on the collective priorities of its Member States, and specifies the public health results to be achieved during the period 2020-2025. The Plan establishes the joint commitment of PAHO Member States and the Pan American Sanitary Bureau for the next six years. PAHO Member States have clearly stated that the Strategic Plan is a principal instrument for implementation of the Sustainable Health Agenda for the Americas 2018-2030 (SHAA2030) and thus for realizing the health-related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the Region of the Americas. The 11 SHAA2030 goals form the impact-level objectives of this Plan. Under the theme Equity at the Heart of Health, this Plan seeks to catalyze efforts in Member States to reduce inequities in health within and between countries and territories in order to improve health outcomes. The Plan identifies specific actions to tackle health inequality, including those recommended by the Commission on Equity and Health Inequalities in the Americas, with guidance from the High-level Commission for Universal Health. Four cross-cutting themes are central to this Plan’s approach to addressing the determinants of health: equity, gender, ethnicity, and human rights. In addition to highlighting an integrated multisectoral approach, this Plan applies evidence-based public health strategies, such as health promotion, the primary health care approach, and social protection in health, to address the social determinants. In addition to directly addressing the regional priorities established in the SHAA2030, this Plan aligns with the World Health Organization (WHO) 13th General Programme of Work (GPW13) and with other regional and global mandates in force during the planning period.
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Llewellyn, Matthew P., and John Gleaves. The Rise of the Shamateur. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040351.003.0004.
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This chapter details the rise of the “shamateur” during the postwar years. The steady postwar globalization and growth of the Olympic Movement necessitated that the International Olympic Committee revisit its position on amateurism. A larger, more representative Olympics, comprising athletes from North Africa, Asia, and Eastern Europe, exposed some of the harsh socially exclusive realities of existing amateur polices. For these new Olympic entities, the cultural nuances and ideological beliefs and practices of amateurism were simply alien. Lacking an established professional sporting structure (and thus a clear distinction between amateurism and professionalism), far removed from the chivalric, muscular Christian virtues of Anglo-Saxon moral superiority, these new Olympic nations considered class-based exclusionary policies—as well as prohibitions against travel and living expenses, broken-time payments, and financial prizes—as jejune and outdated.
Book chapters on the topic "Established aliens"
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Bolch, Erik A., Maria J. Santos, Christiana Ade, et al. "Remote Detection of Invasive Alien Species." In Remote Sensing of Plant Biodiversity. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33157-3_12.
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AbstractThe spread of invasive alien species (IAS) is recognized as the most severe threat to biodiversity outside of climate change and anthropogenic habitat destruction. IAS negatively impact ecosystems, local economies, and residents. They are especially problematic because once established, they give rise to positive feedbacks, increasing the likelihood of further invasions and spread. The integration of remote sensing (RS) to the study of invasion, in addition to contributing to our understanding of invasion processes and impacts to biodiversity, has enabled managers to monitor invasions and predict the spread of IAS, thus supporting biodiversity conservation and management action. This chapter focuses on RS capabilities to detect and monitor invasive plant species across terrestrial, riparian, aquatic, and human-modified ecosystems. All of these environments have unique species assemblages and their own optimal methodology for effective detection and mapping, which we discuss in detail.
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Matthews, Paul. "2. Authorial Approaches." In Transparent Minds in Science Fiction. Open Book Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0348.02.
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Before digging into fictional examples, it is useful to understand the process of how our featured fictional works are conceived and created. Here, we sample authors’ published views and their reflection on process around topics related to the depiction of other minds. We note how science inspires and provokes ideas, and how good ideas suggest themselves as a counter reaction to more established genre norms. We look more closely at the range of narrative styles and points of view that SF authors employ and drill into the challenges of imagining wholly alien life worlds. To achieve their effects, we examine how much work is placed on the reader as opposed to being facilitated by the author.
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Carrasco-Carrasco, Rocío. "The Vulnerable Posthuman in Popular Science Fiction Cinema." In Cultural Representations of Gender Vulnerability and Resistance. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95508-3_10.
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AbstractFollowing feminist critical posthuman thinking (Braidotti, Vint, Ferrando), this chapter analyses two recent popular science fiction movies portraying female characters that embody the concept of the vulnerable posthuman: Glazer’s Under the Skin (2013) and Sanders’ Ghost in the Shell (2017). In spite of the fact that in these two movies the posthuman (female) characters are depicted as vulnerable beings apparently doomed to privileging and perpetuating the normative idea of the body in terms of gender and race, they still manage to somehow disrupt established configurations of power by offering audiences an unfamiliar experience. Viewers see life through the posthuman perspective thanks to filmic strategies, such as identification or sympathy, enabling us to temporarily refuse normative human ethics and to understand the posthuman subject as it is, with its alien/transhuman body and non-normative actions and desires.
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Wallat, Phillip, Jiwei Low, and Eldwin Darryl Tanzil. "Strategic Requirements-Based Product Design: A Tri-Tool Methodology For Advanced Circular Economy." In Zukunftstechnologien für den multifunktionalen Leichtbau. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-45889-8_28.
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AbstractRedesigning and updating products represent time-consuming processes, even if the same methodology as the original design is applied. New political influences, economic factors and newly developed techniques must be taken into account. Reliable tools and robust methods to streamline the process are therefore necessary to support engineering designers in their decision making and potentially decrease the time to market for the revised product. Three tools with different focuses will be used to structure an efficient and comprehensive methodology either for new or redesign of a product in a circular economy. The first tool aligns the class of good of the product with four different circular approaches, establishes the basic framework of the methodology and provides the designer with a suitable circular approach. The next tool is a method-variants analyzer that serves as a guidance tool for the designer to understand the dynamic relationship of product type and design methodology in order to determine the most efficient method in each design phase The third tool will assist designers with specific tasks regarding the material of a certain part. Utilizing numerical values of the inherent chemical and physical properties of the material, it is possible to assess and align the parts’ performance in fulfilling assigned functions and the parts’ behavior throughout the recycling process. This subsequently improves the assessment of the product in correlations of recycling and functions fulfillments, and its evaluations for potentially better alternatives. Hence, with the combined approach of those three tools into one methodology, the design engineer will be assisted throughout the whole process with: swift feedback regarding the circular approach, most suitable for the goods type of the product; proposals for the necessary depth of the design process for each assembly as well as balancing functionality and recyclability of single parts.
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Gómez-Baggethun, Erik. "Work and Needs in a Finite Planet: Reflections from Ecological Economics." In Studies in Ecological Economics. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22566-6_31.
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AbstractDrawing on work from Joan Martínez Alier, this chapter discusses the contribution of ecological economics to thinking concrete utopias, with attention to the future of work. First, I note how cultural, economic, technological and environmental changes are destabilizing established conceptions of work. Second, I review alternative visions on the future of work, with an emphasis on the case for a Universal Basic Income. Next, I discuss common criticisms addressed to these visions. Finally, drawing on early ecological economic texts rescued from oblivion by Martínez Alier, I discuss the case for a Universal Civil Service, a variant of basic income premised in the egalitarian distribution of the volume of work required for the reproduction of society. I call for expanding traditional emphasis in basic income debates on individual freedoms towards considerations of collective justice, and I make a case for a future of work organized around the principle of fair distribution of minimal necessary work.
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Li, Hui, and He Bai. "Overview of Co-Governed Multi-Identifier Network." In Principle of Architecture, Protocol, and Algorithms for CoG-MIN. Springer Nature Singapore, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-3596-2_2.
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Abstract The Internet architecture, established in the 1960s and 1970s, addressed the challenge of resource sharing among hosts during an era limited by hardware constraints. With subsequent advances in integrated circuits, network equipment evolved to offer enhanced computing power at a lower cost. This progress fueled the rapid expansion of computer networks, leading to the proliferation of applications like e-commerce, digital media, social networking, and content distribution in the last decade. Today’s Internet users care more about the content itself than how and where to get it. Consequently, the current architecture doesn’t seamlessly align with modern user needs, prompting researchers to explore new designs for future networks.
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Gertz, John. "What’s There to Talk About Anyway?" In Reinventing SETI. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/9780197800447.003.0005.
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Abstract This chapter explores the myriad ways in which meaningful communication with extraterrestrials (ETs) might be difficult or even impossible. Humankind and aliens may be incompatible in their sensory perceptions, mode of communication, intelligence, subjects of interest, and more. There is benefit in attempting to construct a message to ETs now so that it is ready in the event that contact with aliens is established. Also, in figuring out how to code a message that any alien should understand, perhaps something will be learned about how to decode an alien message once it arrives. It may be that signaling stars is so inherently difficult and dangerous that no civilization attempts it, hence the Great Silence.
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Cholewinski, Ryszard. "Migrant Workers and their Families as Aliens: Development of International Law and Applicability of Universal and Regional Human Rights Instruments." In Migrant Workers in International Human Rights Law. Oxford University PressOxford, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198259923.003.0003.
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Abstract The situation of aliens or foreigners seems ... to be one of the most serious, and at the same time most widespread. departures from the principle of the universality of human rights and one of the most manifest signs of intolerance and discrimination in our age. ‘The position of migrant workers and their families in international law is inextricably connected to their status as aliens. Any established international legal rules concerned with the protection of aliens are therefore relevant when endeavouring to gauge the degree of protection migrants may expect to receive. Rudimentary standards regarding the treatment of aliens have developed over time and have become part of the international law of state responsibility. More recently, these standards have been reinforced, elaborated. and effectively superseded by the international community ‘s recognition of rights pertaining to all human beings.
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Zeidel, Robert F. "Alien Anarchism." In Robber Barons and Wretched Refuse. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501748318.003.0004.
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This chapter investigates the Haymarket Square rally in 1886, which solidified the presumed connection between aliens and undesirable worker radicalism. Reaction to the Molly Maguires and the Great Railroad Strike had established the practice of blaming immigrants and associated foreign ideologies for the industrial era's loss of workplace harmony, but the stigma did not prevent employers from fulfilling their growing labor needs by hiring large numbers of alien workers. Those recruited regularly included strikebreakers whose presence angered established workers. Through the early 1880s, laborers—not capitalists—tended to harbor animosity toward recent arrivals. When the Haymarket affair renewed and intensified fears of working-class violence, employers resorted to the pattern of implicating the immigrants who labored at their mills, mines, and factories, even as they continued to employ them.
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Miller, Bronwyn. "Remediating Ripley." In Alien Legacies. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197556023.003.0012.
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Abstract This chapter examines Ellen Ripley’s adaption into video games and traces the evolution of Ripley’s representation in this medium, since the character’s first video game appearance in 1984, by comparing Alien Resurrection (1997) in its respective film and video game (2000) form. After comparatively analysing the film and game, the study explores how gaming tropes are continuing to problematically structure the representation of Ellen Ripley or female avatars within the Alien game franchise and where there has been resistance to these tendencies. This research demonstrates that adopting feminist-psychoanalytic film analysis for video games highlights where patriarchal systems effect the representation and processes of spectatorial identification with Ellen Ripley. Overall, the study concludes that the video game remediation of Alien Resurrection (1997) marginalizes the avatar body of Ripley through the substitution of a previously established male first-person shooter perspective, eroding the possibility of spectatorial identification with Ripley’s cinematic character and her objectives. Furthermore, that the gaming industry’s desire to predict its financial gains by catering to a consumer contributes to the entrenchment of tropes that force players’ subject identification through a video-game-specific male gaze and weaponized action. While this problematic form of representation continues in various Alien franchise games, such as Alien vs. Predator (2010) and Aliens: Colonial Marines (2013), Alien: Isolation (2014) provides an interesting alternative to female representation in the Alien video game universe.
Conference papers on the topic "Established aliens"
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Muller, Christoph, and Markus Schneider. "GREEN FACTORY DESIGN WITH SMART MULTI LAYER." In SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024v/6.2/s26.38.
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Even today, factories and production systems are primarily planned using established methods from lean production, developed in the 1990s, which only partially address sustainability. Industrial production significantly impacts climate change; in Germany, for instance, 70% (9.1 million TJ) of the primary energy requirement of 13 million TJ comes from industry, and around 28% of annual new land use is attributed to industrial expansion and new construction. This situation is no longer viable, given the European Commission�s energy efficiency targets for 2030 and the roadmap to achieve no net land take by 2050. Additionally, traditional planning methods struggle to tackle pressing challenges such as a shortage of skilled workers, the need for greater flexibility, and increasing productivity. Therefore, new design principles are essential to harness this potential and create sustainable factories for the future. The authors aim to demonstrate that enhancing energy and area productivity is crucial for a holistic improvement in sustainability and to identify additional design principles stemming from this focus. This includes extending factory planning into a third axis, emphasizing the strict separation of human-manual and automated subsystems, as well as distinguishing value-adding from supporting activities. These principles have been implemented in the innovation factory at TZ PULS as a proof-of-concept, exemplifying a sustainable production system of the future. The proposed Smart Multi Layer Production System addresses key contemporary challenges and significantly reduces energy and land consumption. This approach presents a unique opportunity to align social, economic and ecological goals, establishing foundational design principles for sustainable and green factories
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Ebel, A. L., S. A. Sheremetova, I. A. Khrustaleva, T. O. Strelnikova, S. I. Mikhailova, and T. V. Ebel. "To the study of alien species in the flora of Khakassia." In Problems of studying the vegetation cover of Siberia. TSU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-927-3-2020-49.
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As a result of the field studies, analysis of publications and herbarium materials, it has been established that by now the alien flora of the Republic of Khakassia includes about 140 species of vascular plants. Of this number, more than 30 species are invasive plants included in the “Black Book of Flora of Siberia” (2016). In recent years, there has been both a fairly rapid replenishment of the flora with alien plants and a noticeable dispersal of a number of invasive species across the territory of Khakassia. For the purpose of monitoring alien plant species, we use the capabilities of the international scientific network iNaturalist.org.
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Ajay, Holey, and Alandikar Shashank. "How to Establish Digital Thread Using 3D Factory." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-12309.
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Abstract In a manufacturing assembly line scenario, factory layout is one of the most crucial information used by manufacturing, facility and factory automation engineers for planning purposes. It is important for manufacturing, facility and operations team to work with most up-to-date layout when product, process and operational information on the shop-floor is constantly changing. There are four elements which governs availability of a real-time layout, these are nothing but Product Design, Manufacturing Process Planning, Layout Planning and Shop-floor. The layout must accommodate these changes coming from product design, process updates and shop-floor modifications on real-time basis so that there is no confusion amongst the stakeholders while referring layout data for their planning purpose. If we talk about the impact on the layout because of product design and process design, it is hardly managed real-time due to the isolated systems to manage these data. The integration of product, process and plant (PPP) is becoming crucial to facilitate collaboration and shrink new product introduction lead time where as real-time update from the shop-floor changes is expected in the era of digital transformation. One of the reasons why the integration of product, process and plant (PPP) does not happen is multiple isolated systems used to maintain this data, there are also challenges to feed data back from the shop-floor because of the non-availability of the thread between these objects. The paper is about how factory layout can be developed integrating product, process and plant (PPP) in a single dynamic environment and establish a digital thread between the product design, manufacturing process planning and factory layout to trigger real-time changes and facilitate digital twin of the factory. The methodology adopted here is to develop bill of material for manufacturing resources and align it with the product data management. This approach not only provides ability to maintain change control over resource objects but also helps in configuration management of the resource bill of material. The resources are grouped together as layout structure for the plant with each object required to manufacture the product. The detailed layout developed for the plant while integrating with product and process is used to establish connection with objects on the shop-floor through sensors and IOT (Internet of Things) devices to form digital twin. Such details added in layout which is So far there are no efforts to digitalize every information on the factory floor and able to generate Digital Twin of the factory by connecting physical objects with the digital objects. Paper will elaborate the approach to establish digital thread between PPP and how this can become foundation to drive digital twin of the factory.
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Karadakova, Irina. "ACHIEVING CUSTOMER LOYALTY THROUGH A HOTEL BRAND DIFFERENTIATION." In TOURISM AND CONNECTIVITY 2020. University publishing house "Science and Economics", University of Economics - Varna, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36997/tc2020.423.
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Understanding the hotel guests' needs and providing a hospitality service that delivers on their expectations is crucial for achieving guest satisfaction and - eventually - for creating customer loyalty. This is why the hotel operators, along with their constant efforts to deliver consistent services by unifying the operating standards and procedures, also try to know their guests better, so that they can align their services with the guest's preferences and deliver more personalized experience. This is why the major hotel operators develop portfolios of various hotel brands, positioning them to different market segments and thus targeting travelers with specific needs. However, in the modern world the guest expectations are not just of a nice experience. Nowadays the hotel guests are more and more interested in the way the hotel operators do their business. They follow their words and actions and expect that the brand shares (or at least aligns with) the client's personal values. But these expectations also present an opportunity for the hoteliers to establish a long-lasting, authentic relationships with the client. Also, by aligning their behavior and brand purposes with the guest expectations, the hoteliers are now able to build a collective sense of brand belonging with their clients.
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Britsche, Andreas, and Milan Fekete. "Strategic Management for the Realignment of Risk Determination of the Supply Chain in Electric Car Production." In 6th International Scientific Conference – EMAN 2022 – Economics and Management: How to Cope With Disrupted Times. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eman.2022.97.
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Automobile mobility has been following a new path for years with the electrification of drive-through battery energy and will replace fossil drives in the foreseeable future. Restructuring the existing processes to implement the technical requirements is a challenge for the established OEMs, who must establish new value chains in addition to the existing ones. The established OEMs are thus challenged to configure a management system in their strategic planning that meets the future requirements and allows them to remain competitive. Ultimately, however, the customers are the most important factor, as all planning and degrees of fulfillment are oriented towards them. The key question is thus: How can OEMs strategically align their value chains, taking all factors into account so that they are considered resilient and robust? As a factor of the possibilities of strategic alignment of value chains, the EU project ‘GAIA-X’, which is currently being developed, is considered in this paper.
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Gumenyuk, A. S., D. A. Dzhedirov, Yu I. Bulygin, and I. S. Kuptsova. "APPROXIMATION FEATURES OF THE PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF METAL MACHINING DUST USING FINITE AND INFINITE FUNCTIONS." In INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN SCIENCE AND EDUCATION. ООО «ДГТУ-Принт» Адрес полиграфического предприятия: 344003, г. Ростов-на-Дону, пл. Гагарина,1., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/itse.2023.109-114.
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Determining the metal machining particle size distribution is crucial for aspiration systems design. The main objective of this research is to describe the metal-abrasive machining dust mixture particle size distribution produced in the grinding machine operator working area using finite and infinite functions. The initial particle size distribution of the dust mixture is approximated by model distributions, and the calculation results are compared with experimental data. The lognormal infinite distribution better of all describes the considered dust. It is determined that the model function aligns the initial distribution. The relationship between the proximity of distribution model moments and identical parameters of initial data with model quality is established.
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Bonina, O. M., E. A. Udaltsov, E. A. Efremova, and E. R. Samokhina. "INFECTION OF ALIEN AND NATIVE FISH SPECIES OF THE FAMILY CYPRINIDAE WITH OPISTHORCHID METACERCARIAE IN THE NOVOSIBIRSK WATER RESERVOIR." In THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL. VNIIP – FSC VIEV, 2025. https://doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6053355-1-1.2025.26.66-71.
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The article presents the materials of the parasitological study of fish of the family Cyprinidae caught in waters of the Novosibirsk water reservoir. Opisthorchis metacercariae were detected using the compression method with subsequent calculation of parasitological parameters of the prevalence (P), the invasion intensity (II) and the abundance index (AI). The obtained results show that introduced fish species (bream, verkhovka), and native fish species (dace, roach, ide) had trematodes of the family Opisthorchiidae of 3 species: Opisthorchis felineus, Metorchis bilis and M. xanthosomus. Infection differences were established in alien fish species and introduced fish species both among themselves and in the designated groups as for interspecific differences in the infection of cyprinids with trematode larvae. The average infection was 6.5% in alien fish species, including 3.2% with O. felineus, 2.9% with M. bilis and 0.9% with M. xanthosomus. The Opisthorchidae infection in native species was recorded at the level of 20.4%, including 15.9% with O. felineus metacercariae, 3.9% with M. bilis metacercariae and 3.4% with M. xanthosomus metacercariae. All the fish studied were found to have a mixed O. felineus and M. bilis infection. Based on the data obtained, it can be stated that introduced fish species are potentially dangerous, since they are the same source of Opisthorchidae infection in humans and animals as native fish species.
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Alhammad, Aljawharah, Aljoharah Alsurayyi, Reema Alshehri, Saba Alhoshan, and Maali Alabdulhafith. "Virtual Me Blockchain-Based System for Virtual Rights Ownership." In 5th International Conference on Networks, Blockchain and Internet of Things. Academy & Industry Research Collaboration Center, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2024.140503.
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In the virtual realm, human rights face vulnerability, particularly with intangible rights such as the right to own the voice, which lacks tangible representation in the physical world. The increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI) intensifies the challenge of protecting virtual rights, as there is currently no established legal or technical defense against violations, especially concerning voice ownership. Our proposed solution employs blockchain technology and smart contracts, forming the Virtual Me system. This innovative system attributes the original voice to its rightful owner, mitigating violations and unauthorized usage. What sets our solution apart is its pioneering role in providing a technical foundation for safeguarding virtual human rights. The system aligns with the requirements of virtual human rights ownership, ensuring comprehensive protection and registration for their original owners.
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Klimovich, I. D., and L. A. Chudyakova. "CENOTIC FEATURES OF POPULATIONS OF THE INVASIVE SPECIES HERACULUM SOSNOWSKYI MANDEN. ON THE TERRITORY OF DZERZHINSK DISTRICT." In SAKHAROV READINGS 2022: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. International Sakharov Environmental Institute of Belarusian State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2022-2-151-155.
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The increase in the rate of introduction of invasive species into the structure of the native flora of Belarus raises concerns about this issue. However, understanding the basic biology issues of alien species is not enough to combat them. The authors of the study believe that considering the population characteristics of invasive species is the key to combating them. Favorable conditions for acclimatization of the Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden. species are shown for Dzerzhinsk district, which contributes to an increase in the growth rate of its populations. It has been established that some types of borscht control lead to a decrease in the dynamics of its number in the conditions of Dzerzhinsk flora.
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Saha, Sourabh K., John J. LaColla, and Martin L. Culpepper. "An Automated Stage for Scalable Imprinting of DNA Nanowires Based on a Self-Aligning Technique." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-87065.
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Molecular combing is an established technique for aligning DNA nanowires on a surface. When performed on micro-patterned surfaces, this technique can be used to reliably align and stretch DNA nanowires across micro pillars. Imprinting of these aligned DNA nanowires is an affordable technique for fabrication of arrays of nano-scale channels across micro-scale reservoirs. In the past, DNA combing and imprinting (DCI) have been performed manually to fabricate polymer chips that are used in biomedical applications such as gene therapy and drug delivery studies. Automation of the DCI process is necessary to improve the yield and to scale-up production for these applications. However, existing automated techniques are not appropriate for DNA nanowire imprinting because these techniques cannot handle (i) fragile stamps and (ii) individual chip scale stamps of size ∼1 cm2. Herein, we present the design, fabrication and performance evaluation of an imprinting stage that enables (i) handling fragile stamps via low-cost equipment and (ii) production scale-up via simultaneous handling of multiple stamps. The stage is based on a self-aligning imprinting technique that passively aligns a stamp parallel to the substrate thereby enabling simultaneous imprinting of multiple stamps via a single stage. This self-alignment technique minimizes nanowire breakage by ensuring (i) minimal in-plane stamp motion during imprinting and (ii) that the contact forces do not exceed the weight of the stamp. Based on this technique we have designed/fabricated a stage that can simultaneously handle three stamps and is capable of further scale-up. The stage consists of a movable platform that is mounted on linear bearings and is actuated via a stepper motor. Stamps are loaded onto a holder that is mounted on the movable platform via kinematic couplings. This allows one to rapidly attach and detach the holder from the stage and also makes it possible to handle fragile stamps during loading/unloading. Imprinting of DNA nanowires with a manual stage has demonstrated the feasibility of the self-alignment scheme. Experiments that were performed to test the alignment capability of the stage verify that conformal stamp contact can be achieved across all three stamps even in the presence of an angular misalignment of 5° between the stamp and the glass slide. This ability to simultaneously align multiple stamps is a critical step in being able to scale-up and fully automate the DCI process.
Reports on the topic "Established aliens"
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Dale, Elizabeth, and Maya Hemachandra. Adopting Community-Centric Fundraising: Findings from a National Study. Dorothy A. Johnson Center for Philanthropy, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4087/mmcr4301.
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This national study examines the adoption of Community-Centric Fundraising (CCF) practices across U.S. nonprofit organizations. Proposed in 2019, CCF is a set of principles developed by people of color to align fundraising with movements for race, equity, and social justice (CCF, 2024). Based on survey responses from 283 organizations and in-depth interviews with 14 fundraising professionals, the research revealed both promising developments and persistent challenges in transforming established fundraising approaches.
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McFarlane, Aaron, Nia Hurst, Carina Jung, and Charles Theiling. Evaluating soil conditions to inform Upper Mississippi River floodplain restoration projects. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48451.
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The US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) has designed and constructed thousands of acres of ecosystem restoration features within the Upper Mississippi River System. Many of these projects incorporate island construction to restore geomorphic diversity and habitat, including floodplain forests. Soils are the foundation of the ecological function and successful establishment of floodplain forests as they are the basis through which plants obtain water and nutrients and provide critical ecosystem services. To improve floodplain forest island restoration outcomes, three natural and four recently (<10 years) constructed restoration sites were studied to compare soil physical, chemical, microbial, and fungal characteristics. Constructed islands had lower soil organic matter and dissolved organic carbon and differed in nutrient concentrations, bacterial assemblages, and fungal communities compared to reference sites. However, soil enzyme activity and some microbial community characteristics were functionally similar between the natural and created sites. Results align with previously established restoration trajectory theories where hydrological and basic microbial ecosystem functions are restored almost immediately, but complex biologically mediated and habitat functions require more time to establish. Data from this and future studies will help increase the long-term success of USACE floodplain forest restoration, improve island design, and help develop region-specific restoration trajectory curves to better anticipate the outcomes of floodplain forest creation projects.
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Ashley, Richard, and Randal J. Verbrugge. The Intermittent Phillips Curve: Finding a Stable (But Persistence-Dependent) Phillips Curve Model Specification. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.26509/frbc-wp-201909r2.
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We establish that the Phillips curve is persistence-dependent: inflation responds differently to persistent versus moderately persistent (or versus transient) fluctuations in the unemployment rate gap. This persistence-dependent relationship appears to align with business-cycle stages and is thus consistent with existing theory. Previous work fails to model this dependence, thereby finding numerous "inflation puzzles" – e.g., missing inflation/disinflation – noted in the literature. Our specification eliminates these puzzles; for example, the Phillips curve has not weakened, nor was inflation "stubbornly low" in 2019. The model's coefficients are stable, and it provides accurate conditional recursive forecasts through the Great Recession. There are important monetary policy implications.
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van Unen, Izzy. Research Brief: Insider Mediators and Trust Building. Trust After Betrayal, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59498/52693.
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This research brief examines the crucial role of insider mediators, individuals with authoritative personal connections to violence-affected communities, in conflict resolution. They establish trust through pre-existing relationships and are perceived as impartial and trustworthy by conflicting parties. Insider mediators navigate complex social dynamics, identifying culturally appropriate solutions acceptable to all sides. By promoting communication and dialogue, they create safe spaces for discussions, reduce tensions, and foster understanding between conflicting parties. Their involvement in drafting peace agreements ensures proposals align with ground realities, enhancing their implementability and long-term sustainability. Moreover, insider mediators contribute to their viability by fostering ongoing communication and cooperation, identifying potential conflicts, and acting as early warning systems. Recognising and supporting the role of insider mediators is essential for inclusive and effective conflict resolution, promoting healing and reconciliation within conflict-affected societies.
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Busolo, Joy, Innocent Nzeyimana, Oliver Jones, Annette Huber-Lee, Eric Kemp-Benedict, and Brian Joyce. A water-resilient economy: hydro-macroeconomic and climate change analysis in Rwanda. Stockholm Environment Institute, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2023.021.
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Rwanda’s economy is inextricably linked to its water supply, with agriculture employing nearly 70% of its population and making up half of the country’s export revenue. It aspire to become an upper-middle-income country by 2035, and a high-income country by 2050. But rising temperatures and more prolonged dry spells threaten crop production and strain water supply. Rwanda’s Vision 2050 policy details the country’s long-term goals and provides the planning blueprint to guide Rwanda’s development. But such growth, coupled with climate change, will profoundly affect its water supply and demands. Gaining a clearer understanding of the changing water supply and demand, as well as the nexus between water, energy, and food production, is critical to Rwanda’s success. The Water Resources Group (2030 WRG) is a public-private-civil society partnership hosted by the World Bank to help governments balance water security with longterm development and economic growth. The recently established Rwanda Water Resources Board (RWB), the Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources, and Ministry of Environment tasked the 2030 WRG in 2020 with performing a Hydro-Economic and Climate Change Analysis (HECCA), with the following directives: 1. Conduct a strategic assessment of the water sector that demonstrates how water and the economy are inter-linked; 2. Recommend concrete actions toward sustainable water resources management; and 3. Support a dialogue to identify and align joint initiatives among sectors, both public and private, towards sustainable water resources management, and enable long-term economic growth through 2050.
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Patalinghug, Epictetus, Aubrey Tabuga, Madeleine Louise Baiño, Anna Rita Vargas, and Danika Astilla-Magoncia. Philippine Retirement Authority Current Program and Policy Assessment/Business Model Review. Philippine Institute for Development Studies, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.62986/dp2024.12.
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This study assesses the Philippine Retirement Authority's (PRA) current program and business model. Established by Executive Order No. 1037 in 1985, the PRA aims to position the Philippines as a prime retirement destination, contributing to the country's social and economic development. Utilizing GAP and SWOT analyses, the research explores potential enhancements to PRA’s business strategy, guided by Porter's competitive advantage model and Prahalad and Hamel's core competencies framework. In addition, the analysis supplements the analytical frameworks with a strategic agenda that covers a discussion of five strategic dimensions: 1. PRA's goal; 2. PRA’s source of market or competitive advantage; 3. PRA's major source of core competence; 4. PRA's current business model; and 5. PRA's strategies in specific management functions. The findings reveal PRA's commendable financial performance from 1986 to 2021, achieving fiscal autonomy in 1993. As of December 31, 2021, the agency reported significant financial metrics per retiree. The GAP analysis suggests two pathways for performance improvement: intensifying efforts to meet targets or recalibrating targets to align with available resources, with the SWOT analysis supporting the latter. Recommendations include enhancing SRRV benefits with a focus on efficient processing and registration, developing a medium-term plan detailing corporate goals and necessary initiatives, promoting a brand identity synonymous with exceptional customer service and the warmth of Philippine hospitality, collaborating with the Department of Tourism to support retirement promotion, and adopting a specialization model to better serve targeted customer segments and regions.
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Iudicone, Daniele, and Marina Montresor. Omics community protocols. EuroSea, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d3.19.
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The aim of the WP3 “Network Integration and Improvements” is to coordinate and enhance key aspects of integration of European observing technology (and related data flows) for its use in the context of international ocean monitoring activities. One of the dimensions of the integrations is the constitution of thematic networks, that is, networks whose aim is to address specific observational challenges and thus to favor innovation, innovation that will ultimately support the Blue economy. In this context, the specific aim of Task 3.8 is to accelerate the adoption of molecular methods such as genomic, transcriptomic (and related “omics”) approaches, currently used as monitoring tools in human health, to the assessment of the state and change of marine ecosystems. It was designed to favor the increase the capacity to evaluate biological diversity and the organismal metabolic states in different environmental conditions by the development of “augmented observatories”, utilizing state-of-art methodologies in genomic-enabled research at multidisciplinary observatories at well-established marine LTERs, with main focus on a mature oceanographic observatory in Naples, NEREA. In addition, an effort is dedicated to connecting existing observatories that intend to augment their observations with molecular tools. Molecular approaches come with many different options for the protocols (size fractioning, sample collection and storage, sequencing etc). One main challenge in systematically implementing those approaches is thus their standardization across observatories. Based on a survey of existing methods and on a 3-year experience in collecting, sequencing and analyzing molecular data, this deliverable is thus dedicated to present the SOPs implemented and tested at NEREA. The SOPs consider a size fractioning of the biological material to avoid biases toward more abundant, smaller organisms such as bacteria. They cover both the highly stable DNA and the less stable RNA and they are essentially an evolution of the ones developed for the highly successful Tara Oceans Expedition and recently updated for the Expedition Mission Microbiomes, an All-Atlantic expedition organised and executed by the EU AtlantECO project. Importantly, they have only slight variations with respect the ones adopted by the network of genomic observatories EMOBON. Discussions are ongoing with EMOBON to perfectly align the protocols. The SOPs are being disseminated via the main national and international networks. (EuroSea Deliverable, D3.19)
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Ryu, Kirak, and Hanna Moon. Skills for Work: Knowledge Sharing Forum on Development Experiences: Comparative Experiences of Korea and Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0007000.
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This study investigates Korea's success in the area of skills development and what role the Korean government played during the stages of Korean economic development since the 1960s. Major achievements connected with the Korean skills development system over the last few decades are described and evaluated. However, it is worth noting that the Korean system has confronted challenges, arising from rapid changes in the economic and social environment that have put the sustainability of its current skills development system into question. In this regard, this study also analyzes the direction the Korean skills development system is moving toward and makes policy recommendations concerning how current challenges may be better handled.In doing so, the notion of lifelong skills development is derived. This notion signals a shift away from a government-led, supply driven model towards a locally based, demand-driven model, in order to align the supply of education and training programs with the needs of local business, and the improved effectiveness of Korea's skills development system over the coming years. The Korean government has played a key role in establishing the skills development system over the last few decades. Government intervention in skills development has addressed both the public and private sector. In the public sector, government initiatives established vocational education and training institutions in response to rising demand for skills, and according to economic development strategy. In the private sector, government legislation established regulations and institutions that incentivized private employer investment in in-plant training by providing financial support (e.g., levy-exemption) until the late 1990s, with the levygrant system under the Employment Insurance Act effective since 1995. These measures helped employers to bear costs related to training prospective and existing employees. Additionally, national qualification systems helped job seekers to undertake vocational training, which was in high demand throughout the labor market. This paper briefly describes challenges and concerns connected with establishing a lifelong skills development system in Korea. The analysis will focus on how the existing government-led VET system may be transformed into a public-private partnership based model that provides better VET programs. Additionally, the VET system needs to foster lifelong employment or employability rather than lifelong jobs, which was previously the cornerstone of the Korean employment system. Regarding career development, policy intervention needs to disestablish the "monorail" career trajectory of school-work-retirement, in favor of diversified careers by establishing flexible and competency-based qualification systems. This paper also describes some examples of instances of application of the lifelong skills development system in Korea. In-depth case studies are carried out regarding the development and application of National Competency Standards, the local-industry tailored skills development system, and reform of secondary vocational education focused on specialized vocational and Meister Schools in Korea. However, the Korean central government must still perform a significant role in managing and monitoring skills development. It should continue to use policy to foster public-private partnership in skills development, as local municipalities and sectoral stakeholders are yet to develop their own capabilities in this area. In addition, National Competency Standards (NCS) and regional Human Resources Development (HRD) committees need to further develop their roles and functions in order to better meet the diversified demands of business and employees and adapt to rapid technological and organizational changes. To further expedite the fine-tuning of skill policy in rapidly changing markets, forecasting skill demand and supply requires further attention, although it is becoming incr
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Randrup, Thomas B., Agnes Pierre, Niel Sang, and Kjell Nilson. Equity in Green Space Planning and Management : synthesis study on data availability for the development of a socio-ecological index. SLU Movium Think Tank, 2025. https://doi.org/10.54612/a.7h5gdnod5n.
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As cities densify to meet environmental and economic goals, the equitable distribution of urban green spaces (UGS) becomes critical for fostering community well-being, promoting environmental justice, and enhancing climate resilience. This report presents a synthesis study conducted by the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) in collaboration with Nilsson Landscape, aimed at understanding the relationship between socio-economy and accessibility to UGS, to assess and enhance green equity in urban environments. The research focuses on Malmö specifically, and have involved Region Skåne as a proxy for other municipalities in southern Sweden, leveraging data on green space access, canopy cover, socio-economic indicators, and maintenance costs. The primary objective of this study was to establish a data-driven, replicable framework that quantifies green space equity at the city district level. Specifically, the research seeks to (i) identify key indicators of green space availability and socio-economic status that can be measured consistently across Swedish municipalities; (ii) develop a composite relationship (a matrix or an index) that integrates these indicators to provide actionable insights for urban planners and policymakers, and (iii) to test the applicability of this index in Malmö, illustrating its potential to guide future investments in UGS for equitable urban development. The research integrates three complementary initiatives: i. KSLA Project: A synthesis of socio-economic and green space factors relevant to equity in urban environments. ii. FoMA Project: Development and testing of green space indicators, including canopy cover, urban green space per capita, and distance to the nearest green space, in relation to socio-economic metrics like income, education, and employment. iii. Movium Partnership: Evaluation of the Green Equity Matrix, a tool that categorizes neighborhoods based on their socio-economic status (SES) and green space status (GSS), and explores policy implications and maintenance costs. The ambition to develop a matrix or an index aligns with international models such as the Tree Equity Score and Spatial Equity NYC but adapts them to the Swedish context, where socioeconomic factors and access to UGS are measured differently. Data sources include GIS-based analyses, municipal records, and socio-economic data from Statistics Sweden. All computations of UGS rely on open datasets, which are updated at varying frequencies but not always regularly. All the SES data is easily accessible and reliable, and available at DeSO level. A Green Equity Matrix was developed, including seven indicators ‘UGS per capita’, ‘canopy cover’, ‘distance to UGS’ as Green Space Status (GSS) indicators, and ‘age dependency’, ‘income’, ‘education level’, and ‘employment rate’, as Socio-Economic Status (SES) indicators. Each indicator was computed and combined into two individual indexes. All indicators are combined unweighted, meaning they are treated equally when combined. Contrary to widespread assumptions, our analysis reveals that neighbourhoods with lower SES often have higher GSS in Malmö. Lower SES neighbourhoods in Malmö were often developed around the 1960’es and early 1970’es (the Million Program), where larger parks and green spaces were prioritized. As such, we believe these areas have benefited from earlier planning efforts aimed at providing green amenities to balance socio-economic disadvantages, and that the effects of these efforts are still notable in a Swedish context like in Malmö. However, while higher GSS in lower SES areas is a positive finding, it does not necessarily reflect equitable quality or functionality of Summary green spaces. Socio-economic disparities might still influence the usability, safety, and maintenance of these green areas, affecting their actual benefits to residents. We calculated maintenance cost in DeSOs characterized by both low GSS and low SES. Here, costs range from 24 to 335 SEK per capita, with an average in Malmö being 448 SEK per capita. Even though we indicate a relationship between low SES and low maintenance cost, we recognise the need for better data, including a calculation based on actual use, rather than cost per capita. However, such data is not available today. The actual quality of UGS should be further explored and considered incorporated into or related to the matrix. This will ensure that green space interventions align with the needs and preferences of residents. In line with this, local governments’ capacities to develop such indices should be explored too. However, the use of accessible data in combination with relatively simple GIS-based socio-ecological analysis has been prioritised for this project. Thus, our proposed method does not require advanced GIS skills, making it accessible for all municipalities. The suggested method ranks neighbourhoods within a municipality or urban area, meaning the GSS and SES results cannot be directly compared across different municipalities or urban areas. However, metrics such as the percentage of neighbourhoods within each quadrant or within a certain standard deviation can still be used for comparisons with other municipalities or urban areas. Our new and nuanced understanding of the relationship between SES and GSS challenges the conventional narrative that socio-economically disadvantaged neighbourhoods lack access to green spaces. Instead, it highlights the need for context-specific urban planning and management that recognizes both the strengths and challenges of different neighbourhoods.
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BUCKLING MODES OF SCREWED CONNECTIONS IN COLD-FORMED STEEL BUILT-UP PLATES. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/ijasc.2024.20.3.9.
Full textAbstract:
Discrete screws can introduce discontinuities at the interface of built-up plates, leading to various buckling modes in cold-formed steel (CFS) built-up plates, namely coordinated buckling and delamination buckling. The impact of these buckling deformation modes on the stability mechanism of CFS screw-connected built-up plates is significant and cannot be overlooked. Consequently, this paper establishes theoretical models for both buckling modes. Analytical solutions for the critical buckling stress (CBS) of the screw-connected built-up plate under these two modes are derived. The validity of the buckling modes and the analytical solutions is confirmed through experimental verification. The results indicate that: (1) delamination buckling is invariably a higher-order mode in comparison to coordinated buckling, and as such, only coordinated buckling is required for calculating the CBS; (2) the CBS calculation method proposed in this paper aligns more closely with the actual mechanical behavior of screw connections in CFS built-up plates.