Relevant bibliographies by topics / Established Church

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Established Church'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Established Church"

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Munro, C. R. "Does Scotland Have an Established Church?" Ecclesiastical Law Journal 4, no. 20 (1997): 639–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x00002775.

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Whatever may be thought about the question of the possible disestablishment of the Church of England, there is one premise which the protagonists do not dispute. Nobody doubts that the Church of England is established. Well informed persons also know that, as one aspect of struggling with ‘the Irish question’ in the nineteenth century, the union of the Churches of England and Ireland was dissolved, and the Church disestablished, so far as the island of Ireland was concerned, by the Irish Church Act 1869. Besides, there was disestablishment for the territory of Wales and Monmouthshire by the Welsh Church Act 1914, an Act which is something of a constitutional curiosity: as there is not a separate Welsh legal system, it is very rare for legislation to distinguish between English and Welsh territory, as that Act does.
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Madeley, John T. S. "Church and State in Western Society: Established Church, Cooperation and Separation." Journal of Contemporary Religion 28, no. 3 (2013): 531–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13537903.2013.832503.

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Brown, Stewart J. "Providential Empire? The Established Church of England and the Nineteenth-Century British Empire in India." Studies in Church History 54 (May 14, 2018): 225–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/stc.2017.19.

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In the early nineteenth century, many in Britain believed that their conquests in India had a providential purpose, and that imperial Britain had been called by God to Christianize India through an alliance of Church and empire. In 1813, parliament not only opened India to missionary activity, but also provided India with an established Church, which was largely supported by Indian taxation and formed part of the established Church of England. Many hoped that this union of Church and empire would communicate to India the benefits of England's diocesan and parochial structures, with a settled pastorate, parish churches and schools, and a Christian gentry. As the century progressed, the established Church was steadily enlarged, with a growing number of bishoprics, churches, schools, colleges, missionaries and clergy. But it had only limited success in gaining converts, and many Indians viewed it as a form of colonization. From the 1870s, it was increasingly clear that imperial India would not become Christian. Some began reconceptualizing the providential purpose behind the Indian empire, suggesting that the purpose might be to promote dialogue and understanding between the religions of the East and West, or, through the selfless service of missionaries, to promote moral reform movements in Hinduism and Islam.
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John Ekwenye, Evans Mong’are Ooga;. "Current Established Structures That Run SDA Church Programs in Nakuru East and West Sub-Counties." Editon Consortium Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Studies 1, no. 1 (2019): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.51317/ecjahss.v1i1.75.

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Spiritual growth and development of the Seventh-day Adventist church are significant in its life. It is important that the church fulfils its mandate of reaching people with the gospel and retain those who have already believed. While there is generally a growth in membership in the Adventist church in Africa, this is not the case in the Seventh-day Adventist churches in East and West Sub-counties in Nakuru County, Kenya. This study examined the currently established structures that run SDA church programs in Nakuru East and West Sub-counties. The researcher employed descriptive research designs with both qualitative and quantitative research methods. The results indicated that believers indeed had spiritual challenges that hindered the church from growing. It was found out that with commitment and education in the word of God members have the potential to reach the masses with the word of God. The findings from the study indicate that the Sabbath school and afternoon programs were poorly attended. It was also observed that family life becomes very repulsive because it touched on the personal lives of Members. It has been observed that though structures are in place, there is difficulty in fulfilling the programs on time. The leaders of the churches in this locality will need to work together with the laity in addressing the spiritual challenges. When they work together results be a religious people and a church ready to fulfil God's mission. The spiritual leaders need to take a front lead. In addition, departmental leaders in the church should design spiritual programs that are vibrant and that are inclusive encourage the participation of all members.
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Morris, R. M. "The Established Church: Past Present and Future." Journal of Church and State 54, no. 2 (2012): 297–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcs/css039.

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Brown, S. J. "Reform, Reconstruction, Reaction: The Social Vision of Scottish Presbyterianism c. 1830-c. 1930." Scottish Journal of Theology 44, no. 4 (1991): 489–518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0036930600025977.

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In 1929, after many years of consultation and compromise, the two largest Presbyterian denominations in Scotland — the established Church of Scotland and the voluntary United Free Church — were united. The Union was an impressive achievement, marking the end of the bitter divisions of eighteenth and nineteenth century Scottish Presbyterianism. In particular, it represented the healing of the wounds of the Disruption of 1843, when the national Church of Scotland had been broken up as a result of conflicts between Church and State over patronage and the Church's spiritual independence. With the Union of 1929, the leaders of Scottish Presbyterianism, and especially John White of Glasgow's Barony Church, succeeded not only in uniting the major Presbyterian Churches, but also in establishing a cooperative relationship between Church and State. The Church of Scotland, itseemed, was again in a position to assert national leadership.
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Kerr, S. Peter. "Voluntaryism within the Established Church in Nineteenth Century Belfast." Studies in Church History 23 (1986): 347–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s042420840001069x.

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‘The Irish need to be governed and controlled as well as I excited.’ So wrote Daniel Wilson, a young English clergyman later to be bishop of Calcutta, after visiting Armagh in June 1814 to discuss with local clergy the possibility of setting up a branch of the Church Missionary Society. An Irish (Hibernian) Church Missionary Society, he argued, would … have a tendency both to revive and regulate the piety of members of the Church, fostering whatever is holy and energetic, and yet directing both in … orderly submission to the Church …
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Cranmer, Frank. "Church-State Relations in the United Kingdom: A Westminster View." Ecclesiastical Law Journal 6, no. 29 (2001): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x00000570.

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In any discussion of church-state relations in the United Kingdom, it should be remembered that there are four national Churches: the Church of England, the (Reformed) Church of Scotland, the Church in Wales (disestablished in 1920 as a result of the Welsh Church Act 1914) and the Church of Ireland (disestablished by the Irish Church Act 1869). The result is that two Churches are established by law (the Church of England and the Church of Scotland) and enjoy a particular constitutional relationship with the state, while the other Churches and faith-communities (the Roman Catholics, the Free Churches, the Jews, Muslims, Hindus, Sikhs and others) have particular rights and privileges in particular circumstances.
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Brecht, Martin. "The Relationship Between Established Protestant Church and Free Church: Hermann Gundert and Britain." Studies in Church History. Subsidia 7 (1990): 135–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s014304590000137x.

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The present-day exchange of British and German research into church history can hardly be described as flourishing. Very seldom are historical topics from the other country ever investigated. This even applies to those areas where the paths of German and British church history have met. One notable exception is Professor Reginald Ward, who has not only striven to establish contacts with German church historians, but has also himself published a number of works on German church history. It is therefore only fitting to express appreciation of such amicable relations through the years by a study of German-British history. The scope for such a study embraces the fields of Pietism, Methodism, and the revival movement.
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Lehmann, Hartmut. "The History of Twentieth-Century Christianity as a Challenge for Historians." Church History 71, no. 3 (2002): 585–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009640700130288.

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One hundred years ago, the discipline of church history was well established within institutions of higher learning in Western societies. The heirs of Leopold von Ranke and Philip Schaff were well versed in the range of topics that church history comprised. Church history was an integral part of the study of theology. Church historians published handbooks and had their own journals. All church historians—those with a Catholic and those with a Protestant affiliation, the members of state churches, and those belonging to church bodies, built on the principle of voluntarism—seemed to have a common agenda. This was the story of Christian churches throughout the centuries.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Established Church"

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Brown, Lavern E. "A model for implementing church growth principles in an established, declining church." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1995. http://www.tren.com.

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Axtell, Douglas W. "Minimizing conflict implementing change in an established church /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2008. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p046-0072.

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Axtell, Douglas William. "Minimizing conflict implementing change in an established church /." St. Paul, MN : Bethel Seminary, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2986/tren.046-0072.

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Larson, Knute. "A strategy for pastoring and changing the established church." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1997. http://www.tren.com.

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Russom, James Rayford. "Mission - vision - strategy planning for growth in the established church /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1998. http://www.tren.com.

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Oldridge, Darren. "Conflicts within the established church in Warwickshire c. 1603-1642." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1992. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/34725/.

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This thesis examines the established church in Warwickshire from the accession of James I to the outbreak of the English civil war. Its principal aim is to assess the impact of the ecclesiastical policies of Charles I, which have been the subject of considerable debate between historians in recent years. The thesis argues that significant changes occurred in the local church during the 1630s. These were broadly in line with the policies of Archbishop William Laud, who sought to promote an institutional and sacramental style of worship, and to suppress the activity of Protestant nonconformists. In Warwickshire, these policies led to the promotion of ceremonial religion and the renovation and redecoration of parish churches. There was also an increase in the prosecution of Puritans in the church courts. However, the success of these policies was limited by various factors: the attitudes of the local bishops, the practical problems of enforcing discipline, and the resilience of the Puritan community. The thesis examines the impact of Laud's policies on the county as a whole, and on particular groups within the local church. It also presents case-studies of religion in the towns of Coventry and Stratford-upon-Avon. The thesis concludes that the ecclesiastical policies of the 1630s were largely counter-productive: they provoked the hostility of local Puritans, but failed to curb their activities. The experience of "Laudianism" also encouraged demands for thorough reform in the established church, which were translated into support for parliament at the beginning of the civil war.
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McFall, Stan. "Leading an established church to transition from a state of plateau to healthy growth." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2006. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p046-0064.

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Kaplan, Jeff S. "From established church to church plant an autobiographical study of one pastor's change to be a church planter and its implications for the church /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2000. http://www.tren.com.

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Yates, Paula. "The established church and rural elementary schooling : the Welsh dioceses 1780-1830." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683276.

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Brum, David A. "The participation of the lay Christian faithful in canonically-established consultative bodies." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1995. http://www.tren.com.

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Books on the topic "Established Church"

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Huntington, William Reed. A national church. Scribner, 1989.

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The established church: Past, present and future. T & T Clark, 2011.

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Church and state in Western society: Established church, cooperation, and separation. Ashgate, 2011.

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1961-, Lawless Charles E., ed. Eating the elephant: Leading the established church to growth. Pinnacle Publishers, 2003.

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Cooley, Pearl Tippit. Welcome Church of God: Established 1897 by Rev. R.H. Owens. P.T. Cooley, 1997.

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Church-state constitutional issues: Making sense of the establishment clause. Greenwood Press, 1991.

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Church, Bridge Street. A short history of Bridge Street Church: The United Church of Canada established 1815. the Church, 1990.

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Clark, Marilyn Lipscomb. On McIntosh Trail: A history of Antioch Baptist Church, established 1840. M.L. Clark, 1992.

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Andreassen, Jens Edvin. Konge, rikskirke og lokalmenighet: Om kongens forfatningsrettslige stilling innenfor Den norske kirke, særlig i konfesjonelle og rituelle spørsmål. Universitetsforlaget, 1989.

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Reuver, Marc. Requiem for Constantine: A vision of the future of church and state in the West. Kok, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Established Church"

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Franken, Leni. "State Church or Established Church." In Liberal Neutrality and State Support for Religion. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28944-1_14.

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Bacquet, Sylvie. "England and the established church." In Religious Symbols and the Intervention of the Law. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315667171-6.

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Gibson, William. "The Established Church in 1760." In Church, State and Society, 1760–1850. Macmillan Education UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23204-8_2.

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Hayton, D. W. "Parliament and the Established Church: Reform and Reaction." In The Eighteenth-Century Composite State. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230274969_4.

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O’Halloran, Kerry. "The Established Church: Governance, Organisational Structure and Theology." In The Church of England - Charity Law and Human Rights. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04319-7_4.

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Maltby, Judith. "‘By this Book’: Parishioners, the Prayer Book and the Established Church." In The Early Stuart Church, 1603–1642. Macmillan Education UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22771-6_6.

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Bell, James B. "The Seeds of Discord: An English Church Established in Boston." In A War of Religion. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230583214_1.

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Chavura, Stephen A., John Gascoigne, and Ian Tregenza. "The brief rise and fall of the Australian colonial established church." In Reason, Religion and the Australian Polity. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429467059-2.

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BRUCE, STEVE. "Church Established." In Paisley. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199281022.003.0005.

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"The Established Church." In Religion and Society in Early Modern England. Routledge, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203087077-7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Established Church"

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Guiso, Bianca, and Maria Vittoria Tappari. "Il castello dei conti di Biandrate: indagini sulle strutture superstiti." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11542.

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Castello dei Conti di Biandrate: surveys on the surviving structureBiandrate is a northern Italian village in the province of Novara that lies in the Po plain between the Sesia and Ticino rivers. Border area disputed between Vercelli and Novara, since the early Middle Ages it represented an important crossing point because there were the fords of the Sesia river nearby, on the road axis joining Novara and Ivrea. Its importance grew in the tenth century, when the Pieve was erected, today disappeared, dedicated to Santa Maria and, in 1029, the Counts of Pombia family settled in the Biandrate castrum. In 1168 the castrum was destroyed by the armies of Milan, allied with Novara and Vercelli, that in 1194 carved up the territory. In the second half of the thirteenth century the village of Biandrate was divided into the Borgo Vecchio, vercellese, to the west, and the Borgo Nuovo, novarese, to the east. They developed around the canonica of S. Colombano, the hospital and the ruins of the Count’s castrum. The castrum, almost totally destroyed, continued to represent an area with particular rights: in fact the Statues established that the Podestà could pronounce sentences only “in castro veteri Blanderati”. Nowadays the collegiata of S. Colombano stands on the Biandrate castrum ruins; the collegiata was mentioned for the first time in 1146, but was altered various times over the centuries. In particular, portions of the ancient wall are visible in the lower part of the west wall of the church of Santa Caterina, incorporated within the complex of the collegiate of S. Colombano. It is noticed that the ancient castrum had very thick walls made primarily with river pebbles, roughly cut stones in a herringbone pattern and binding mortar.
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Zhao, Yanmin, Jianfu Zhang, Pingfa Feng, and Yuan Ma. "Dynamics Modeling of Clamping System Considering Characteristics of the Clamping Contact Surface." In ASME 2015 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2015-9753.

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The dynamic characteristics of the clamping system, which is composed of workpiece and chuck, have important effects on the stability of turning process. However, in current researches on cutting stability, the influence of the characteristics of clamping contact surface on the clamping system was rarely considered. In order to improve the prediction accuracy of stable cutting limits in turning process, the role of clamping contact surface in deciding the dynamics of the clamping system was analyzed in this paper. Then, the dynamics model of clamping system was established considering the characteristics of clamping contact surface between workpiece and chuck. The dynamics parameters of the clamping system were obtained with receptance coupling substructure analysis method. The frequency response function of clamping system at different cutting position was presented, which is a foundation for analyzing the cutting stability.
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Saisorn, Sira, and Somchai Wongwises. "Flow Pattern, Void Fraction and Pressure Drop During Adiabatic Two-Phase Gas-Liquid Flow in Vertical Micro-Channel." In ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with the ASME 2012 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2012 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2012-73120.

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The experimental investigation is performed to study two-phase flow pattern, void fraction and pressure drop characteristics in a vertical micro-channel. The test section is a fused silica tube with a diameter of 0.53 mm and a length of 320 mm. Air and water are used as working fluid which is introduced to the test section in vertical upward direction. The test runs are done at superficial velocities of gas and liquid ranging respectively from 0.375 to 21.187 m/s and 0.004 to 2.436 m/s. Stereozoom microscope mounted together with camera are employed to conduct flow visualization from which slug flow, throat-annular flow, churn flow, annular flow and annular-rivulet flow are observed. Based on image analysis, void fraction data are obtained and found to be linear relationship with volumetric quality. The frictional pressure drop is relatively high when the formation of churn flow is established. Besides, the two-phase frictional multiplier is found to be strongly dependent on both mass flux and flow pattern.
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Tekavčič, Matej, Boštjan Končar, and Ivo Kljenak. "Simulation of Counter-Current Gas-Liquid Churn Flow." In ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2013-17664.

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A transient simulation of air-water counter-current flow by the means of two-fluid model with interface sharpening is performed. The gas-liquid inhomogeneous model with both phases considered as incompressible is used. Turbulence is modelled for each phase separately using the two-equation eddy viscosity model. The numerical domain consists of an axisymmetric wedge with the porous wall inlet region representing a vertical pipe experimental test section. Evolution of volume fraction, velocities and pressure variations along the interface is presented. Simulation results are compared with the known experimental data (from the literature) for the wave frequency and velocity. The present simulation is also compared to a known numerical simulation found in literature that used volume of fluid method. Sensitivity study of several modelling parameters is performed to evaluate and discuss their impact on simulation results in an attempt to establish best practice guidelines for modelling of realistic counter-current flows, important in nuclear reactor systems.
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Goharzadeh, Afshin, and Keegan Fernandes. "Experimental Characterization of a Modified Airlift Pump." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-39899.

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This paper presents an experimental investigation on a modified airlift pump. Experiments were undertaken as a function of air-water flow rate for two submergence ratios (ε=0.58 and 0.74), and two different riser geometries (i) straight pipe with a constant inner diameter of 19 mm and (ii) enlarged pipe with a sudden expanded diameter of 19 to 32 mm. These transparent vertical pipes, of 1 m length, were submerged in a transparent rectangular tank (0.45×0.45×1.1 m3). The compressed air was injected into the vertical pipe to lift the water from the reservoir. The flow map regime is established for both configurations and compared with previous studies. The two phase air-water flow structure at the expansion region is experimentally characterized. Pipeline geometry is found to have a significant influence on the output water flow rate. Using high speed photography and electrical conductivity probes, new flow regimes, such as “slug to churn” and “annular to churn” flow, are observed and their influence on the output water flow rate and efficiency are discussed. These experimental results provide fundamental insights into the physics of modified airlift pump.
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Timoty, William. "Juridical Analysis of Church’s Legal Status That Established in the Mall and Hotel Based on Regulation of the Minister of Religion Number 8 Of 2006 and Number 9 of 2006 Concerning Establishment of Synagogue." In The 2nd Tarumanagara International Conference on the Applications of Social Sciences and Humanities (TICASH 2020). Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201209.135.

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Harvel, G. D., and B. Torica. "Flow Regime Observations in a Vertical Annulus With an Inner Roughened Tube." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-67892.

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The efficiency and safe performance of a nuclear power plant is often reliant upon a solid understanding of the multiphase flow phenomena that occurs in various components and piping networks throughout the heat transport loops. Depending upon the conditions, various flow regimes can be observed and each of these flow regimes would have a different impact upon the heat transfer and pressure drop of the component or piping that the two-phase mixture is traveling in. Thus, many researchers have performed significant studies to predict flow regime. Over the past several years, the maintenance and inspection efforts at various nuclear power plants have shown that ageing phenomena are occurring including corrosion, cracking, erosion phenomena, and deposition of materials. One of the effects of such phenomena is the roughening of the surface which would impact the nature of fluid behaviour, heat transfer behaviour, and mass transfer at the surface. Relationships for surface conditions and pressure drop/heat transfer are already established for single phase flow conditions albeit with significant uncertainty. Yet, the relationships for multiphase flow have not been established and it is assumed that the surface effects are covered through the single phase component. In this work, experimental studies are performed for a vertical annulus geometry. The apparatus consists of glass tubing to allow visualization of the flow regime inside the tubes. The glass tube material is also a reference case for the smooth tube. Experiments are performed in a bubble column mode for superficial gas velocities up to 0.5 m/s. Observations are taken at various developing lengths and varied water inventories. The results are compared to previous work which shows that the smooth tube results match previous measurements. The inner surface of the tube is modified by forming a thin layer of material over the glass surface. The material is initially moldable and allows for the imprinting of different surface shapes and roughnesses. The material cures in a few hours and is resistant to erosion or dissolution in water. Thus, the surface conditions are changed on the inner tube. The experiments indicate that the flow regime transition from bubbly to slug flow and from slug to churn flow occur at lower superficial gas velocities.
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Van Dyke, Bill, and Tom Dabrowski. "Integrated Approach to Remediatiion of Multiple Uranium Mill Tailing Sites for the US DOE in the Western United States." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4834.

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This paper provides a case history of a highly successful approach that was developed and implemented for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) for the cleanup and remediation of a large and diverse population of uranium mill tailings sites located in the Western United States. The paper addresses the key management challenges and lessons learned from the largest DOE Environmental Management Clean-up Project (in terms of number of individual clean-up sites) undertaken in the United States. From 1986 to 1996, the Department of Energy’s Grand Junction Projects Office (GJPO) completed approximately 4600 individual remedial action site cleanup projects for large- and small-scale properties, and sites contaminated with residual hazardous and radioactive materials from former uranium mining and milling activities. These projects, with a total value of $597 million, involved site characterization, remedial design, waste removal, cleanup verification, transportation, and disposal of nearly 2.7 million cubic yards of low-level and mixed low-level waste. The project scope included remedial action at 4,200 sites in Grand Junction, Colorado, and Edgemont, South Dakota; 412 sites in Monticello, Utah; and, 44 sites in Denver, Colorado. The projects ranged in size and complexity from the multi-year Monticello Millsite Remedial Action Project, which involved investigations, characterization, remedial design, and remedial action at this uranium millsite along with design of a 2.5 million cubic yard disposal cell, to the remediation and reconstruction of thousands of smaller commercial and residential properties throughout the Southwestern United States. Because these projects involved remedial action at a variety of commercial facilities, businesses, churches, schools and personal residences, and the transportation of the waste through towns and communities, an extensive public involvement program was the cornerstone of an effort to promote stakeholder understanding and acceptance. The Project established a DOE model for rapid, economical, and effective remedial action. During the ten years of the contract, the management operations contractor (Duratek) met all project milestones on schedule and under budget, with no cost growth from the original scope. By streamlining remediation schedules and techniques, ensuring effective stakeholder communications, and transferring lessons learned from one project to the next, the contractor achieved maximum efficiency and the lowest remediation costs of any similar DOE environmental programs at the time.
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9

Marchenko, Nataliya. "Northern Sea Route: Modern State and Challenges." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-23626.

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Abstract:
It is well-known that navigating the waterway from the primary trade hubs in northern Europe to the Asia-Pacific ports and contrariwise along the Russian Arctic Coast (Northern Sea Route - NSR) is much shorter and faster, than southern ways via Suez or around Africa. The NSR can significantly save costs (through saving time and fuel) and avoids the risk of attack by pirates. In addition, an increase in oil and gas activity in the North, forecasts of global warming and an ice-free Arctic have stimulated interest in Arctic navigation. However, Arctic transportation poses significant challenges because of the heavy ice conditions that exist during both the winter and summer. The profitability of using the NSR is called into question if possible high tariffs are included in the cost estimates. For many years, the NSR was principally used for internal Russian transport and since the end of the 1980s up until 2010, it was in stagnation with total amount of cargo transported annually stood at less than two million tons. Important political decisions in the 90s and increased economic feasibility intensified traffic and freight turnover. In 2013, the NSR Administration (NSRA) was established, new rules for navigation were approved and tariff policies were modified. In 2013, the NSRA issued 635 permits to sail in NSR waters, and 71 transit voyages have since been completed. The total amount of transit cargo was 1.36 million tons. More than 40% of the total number of permits were issued to vessels without ice class [1] according to the Russian Maritime Register of Shipping [2]. There are strong technical requirements for vessels attempting to sail the NSR; regardless, several accidents occurred in 2012–2013. Two vessels were dented by ice in the Chukchi Sea in 2012. A tanker was holed in September 2013 and created a real danger of an ecological disaster from fuel leakage for several days. Despite the expectation of an ice-free Arctic, the ice conditions in 2013 were rather difficult, and the Vilkitsky Strait (a key strait in the NSR between the Kara and Laptev seas) was closed by ice for almost the entire navigation period. In this paper, we review the current situation in the Russian Arctic, including political and administrative actions, recent accidents and the associated conditions and lessons learned.
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10

Junqua, Alexandra, and Christophe Morel. "Some Issues Related to the Modeling of the Volumetric Interfacial Area in Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flows." In ASME 2002 Joint U.S.-European Fluids Engineering Division Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2002-31387.

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During the last decades, the so-called two-fluid model has been the most widely used in two-phase flow studies for environmental and industrial applications. In this model, one set of mass, momentum and energy balance equations is written for each phase, therefore the model is able to deal with mechanical and thermal imbalances. The two phases cannot evolve independently, since they are coupled together through interfacial interaction terms representing the average exchanges between the two phases. The success of the two-fluid model in particular situations strongly depends on the modeling of these interfacial interaction terms. The interfacial interaction terms generally involve the volumetric interfacial area, that is the contact area between phases per unit volume of the two-phase mixture. This interfacial area is very important to express correctly the interfacial exchanges of mass, momentum and energy, and also gives an additional information about the interfaces structure, hence on the flow regime (bubbly, droplet, flow with separated phases…). Therefore, considerable attention has been focused on this subject in the last ten years. Theoretical and experimental researches have been done, especially on the bubbly flow configuration. Despite all these efforts, some issues remain and a general model giving the volumetric interfacial area in all two-phase flow regimes is not yet available. In the subject of the interfacial area modeling, three types of issues remain : theoretical, experimental and numerical ones. In what follows, we examine these three points independently in the general context of all two-phase flow regimes. From the theoretical point of view, most of the authors working on the subject try to write a seventh balance equation for the volumetric interfacial area, in addition to the six balance equations of the two-fluid model. This method seems promising, since it is able to deal with complex situations where different phenomena responsible for the flow regimes transitions, like coalescence, break-up, phase change and so on, act together. The transport of the VIA by the flow is also taken into account in this equation. However, such an equation is very difficult to establish in the general case where the flow regime is not known a priori. One should distinguish the relatively simple case of dispersed two-phase flows (bubbly and droplet flows) from the other, more complex, cases like the stratified flow, the annular flow or the churn-turbulent flow. For the dispersed flow case, an analogy with the kinetic theory of gases is generally adopted. The bubbles or droplets are described by a probability density function, as for the molecules in the kinetic theory of gases. A Liouville type equation is written for the pdf and the VIA balance equation is deduced from this equation. This method is very advantageous for the dispersed flow case since the coalescence and break-up terms can be introduced in a natural way. These terms correspond to the collisions terms in the kinetic theory of gases. The transport velocity appearing in the VIA balance equation is also clearly defined in this approach : it corresponds to the centre of area velocity of the particles swarm. Unfortunately, this method cannot be easily extended to the other flow regimes, especially the flows with separated phases like the annular or the stratified flows. To make the analogy with the kinetic theory of gases, one needs to introduce a population balance, and there is no population in the stratified or the annular flows, since only one continuous interface exists. Several attempts to establish a general balance equation not restricted to a particular flow regime have been done. But it appeared to the authors that these balance equations are nothing else than a particular form of the Leibniz rule for the surfaces. Therefore the application of these equations to the modeling of the VIA in two-phase flows is highly questionable. The issue of the establishment of a general balance equation for the VIA, able to deal with all two-phase flow regimes, remains open. From the experimental point of view, new instrumentation is available today to measure the volumetric interfacial area. The most promising method seems to be the use of local resistive or optical probes. Four-sensor probes are theoretically able to measure the local volumetric interfacial area whatever the flow regime if the following requirements are satisfied. The interfaces must always move in the flow and the smallest radius of curvature of the interfaces passing through the probe must be significantly larger than the probe size. The method has the inconvenient to be intrusive, but non intrusive methods, like the photographic method, are generally restricted to particular flow regimes like a bubbly flow regime characterised by low values of the void fraction. The two-sensor and four-sensor probes have been tested with success in the bubbly flow regime by several authors, up to the cap bubbly flow. We will try to use a four-sensor probe in the case of a stratified wavy flow in the CEA Grenoble. The application of these measuring techniques to the droplet flow case seems more difficult because of the small size of the droplets generally encountered, the high velocity of the droplets in a gas stream and the possibility that the droplets form liquid films on the probe. Therefore, for droplet flows, the use of a photographic method is perhaps preferable. From the numerical point of view, the use of a volumetric interfacial area balance equation in a code and the determination of the local flow regime from the calculated VIA necessitates a lot of modeling efforts, and numerous iterative comparisons to the experiments. In our opinion, the major difficulties are the prediction of a stratification or a destratification (transition from a dispersed flow regime to a flow regime with separated phases and vice-versa), and the phase inversion (when a bubbly flow becomes a droplet flow and vice versa). The VIA in a bubbly flow is typically much greater than the one in a stratified flow, and the source and sink terms governing the transition between these two regimes (for example the deposition rate of the bubbles on the free surface) are not easy to model. During a phase inversion (governed for example by a criterion based on the local value of the void fraction), the source terms of VIA for bubbles and droplets are not the same, and this can bring some discontinuities on the VIA during the calculation. This problem is due to the fact that the same balance equation is used for all the flow regimes. A solution to this problem could be to introduce several interfacial area balance equations : one for the bubbles surfaces, a second one for the droplets surfaces and possibly a third one for the free surface. This method has been used with success in the SIMMER code, where separated VIA balance equations are used for bubbles and droplets, but we believe that it is more difficult to use these VIA to determine the flow regime. At the moment, numerous authors use a VIA balance equation in their computer code for the case of bubbly-to-slug flow regimes. The issue of the possible extension of these balance equation to the other flow regimes should be addressed in the future.
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Reports on the topic "Established Church"

1

Gouran, Roger. A study of two attempts by President Plutarco Elías Calles to establish a national church in Mexico. Portland State University Library, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5443.

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