Journal articles: 'Established communities'

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Srivastava, Diane S. "Messy Communities: The Established Researcher." Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 99, no. 1 (2018): 59–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bes2.1385.

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Stadnyk, M. M., V. P. Udovichenko, and V. V. Pavliuk. "Activating youth leadership in established communities." Public administration and customs administration 3 (2019): 211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32836/2310-9653-2019-3-211-217.

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Dupont, Emilien, Amelie Van Pottelberge, Bart Van de Putte, John Lievens, and Frank Caestecker. "Partner Choices in Long Established Migrant Communities in Belgium." Historical Life Course Studies 4 (February 27, 2017): 20–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.51964/hlcs9337.

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This paper aims to shed light on the partner choices of Moroccan, Turkish, Congolese, and Algerian migrants in Belgium. Three partner choices are distinguished: marrying a partner from the country of origin (partner migration), marrying a local co-ethnic partner, and establishing a mixed marriage. We focused on the role of migration history and transnational links, culture (religion, language), skin colour and structural characteristics of the district migrants live in (mainly community size) to gain further insight into the partner choices of migrants in Belgium. Our data comprise an extraction of the Belgian national register (2001-2008) and focus on first marriages among first, 1.5, and second generation migrants of Moroccan, Turkish, Algerian, and Congolese origin (N=52,142). We apply a multinomial logistic multilevel design to simultaneously incorporate individual and contextual effects at the district level. The main conclusion from this paper is that the partner selection pattern in early 21st century Belgian society still bears the traces of the starting conditions that migrant groups experienced when they first entered the country. While this continuity is important to understand the situation citizens with a migrant origin have to deal with today, it does not make change impossible. In fact, for the Turkish and Moroccan group, research recently showed a quite strong decline in transnational marriages and a modest increase in mixed marriages. These are indications that after 50 years of migration a transition towards full inclusion in Belgian society is not beyond reach. The conditions analysed in this paper, namely the strength of transnational networks, the cultural boundaries and the ethnic community size, may help to understand why this inclusion takes such a long period of time.

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McCrea, Karen. "Perceived Health Care Needs of Amish Populations in Two Newly Established Districts." Journal of Plain Anabaptist Communities 2, no. 2 (2022): 44–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18061/jpac.v2i2.8262.

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The Amish population in the United States is growing rapidly, leading to many new Amish communities. This mixed-methods study establishes the demographic characteristics within two newly formed Amish districts in New York State and determines the community's perceived health care needs. The study targeted married individuals within the two districts, utilizing informational meetings, individual meetings, and the creation of a Perceived Health Care Needs Questionnaire. The findings included baseline demographics, barriers to health care access, desired health care provider qualities, and perceptions related to health care costs. Conclusions: The Amish are an underserved population with significant barriers to health care, and newly established districts located in rural geographical areas where Amish communities previously did not exist face additional challenges. Opportunities exist for health care providers to help the newly established Amish districts meet their desired health care needs in a culturally competent manner.

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Ward, W. R. "Established Churches, Free Churches, Religious Communities Their Contemporary Social Setting." Expository Times 106, no. 4 (1995): 110–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001452469510600404.

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Schmalenberger, Achim, Orla O’Sullivan, Jacinta Gahan, Paul D. Cotter, and Ronan Courtney. "Bacterial Communities Established in Bauxite Residues with Different Restoration Histories." Environmental Science & Technology 47, no. 13 (2013): 7110–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es401124w.

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Segerstedt, Eugenia, and Lena Abrahamsson. "Diversity of livelihoods and social sustainability in established mining communities." Extractive Industries and Society 6, no. 2 (2019): 610–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2019.03.008.

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Gowricharn, Ruben. "Europe's established and emerging immigrant communities: assimilation, multiculturalism or integration." Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 32, no. 4 (2011): 410–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2011.580085.

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Campbell, Tamara N., Phillip D. Jones, Steven Demarais, and Andrew W. Ezell. "Vegetation Communities in Intensively Established Loblolly Pine Plantations at Crown Closure." Journal of Forestry 113, no. 3 (2015): 298–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.5849/jof.14-042.

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Yasinetska, І. А., Т. М. Кushniruk, and V. V. Dodurych. "Institutional support for land use formation in newly established territorial communities." Taurian Scientific Herald, no. 123 (2022): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.32851/2226-0099.2022.123.11.

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Osman, Richard W., and Robert B. Whitlatch. "Variation in the ability of Didemnum sp. to invade established communities." Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 342, no. 1 (2007): 40–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2006.10.013.

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Blanck, Hans, and Sten-Åke Wängberg. "Pattern of cotolerance in marine periphyton communities established under arsenate stress." Aquatic Toxicology 21, no. 1-2 (1991): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-445x(91)90002-q.

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Wängberg, Sten-Åke, and Hans Blanck. "Arsenate sensitivity in marine periphyton communities established under various nutrient regimes." Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 139, no. 1-2 (1990): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(90)90042-b.

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Griffiths, Robert I., Andrew S. Whiteley, Anthony G. O'Donnell, and Mark J. Bailey. "Physiological and Community Responses of Established Grassland Bacterial Populations to Water Stress." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 12 (2003): 6961–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.12.6961-6968.2003.

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ABSTRACT The effects of water stress upon the diversity and culturable activity of bacterial communities in the rhizosphere of an established upland grassland soil have been investigated. Intact monoliths were subjected to different watering regimens over a 2-month period to study community adaptation to moisture limitation and subsequent response to stress alleviation following rewetting. Genetic diversity was analyzed with 16S-based denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of total soil-extracted DNA (rRNA genes) and RNA (rRNA transcripts) in an attempt to discriminate between total and active communities. Physiological response was monitored by plate counts, total counts, and BIOLOG-GN2 substrate utilization analyses. Controlled soil drying decreased the total number of CFU on all the media tested and also decreased the substrate utilization response. Following rewetting of dried soil, culture-based analyses indicated physiological recovery of the microbial population by the end of the experiment. In contrast, DGGE analyses of community 16S rRNA genes, rRNA transcripts and cultured communities did not reveal any changes relating to the moisture regimens, despite the observed physiological effects. We conclude that the imposed moisture regimen modulated the physiological status of the bacterial community and that bacterial communities in this soil are resistant to water stress. Further, we highlight the need for a reexamination of rRNA transcript-based molecular profiling techniques as a means of describing the active component of soil bacterial communities.

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Bohira, M. "MODERN APPROACHES TO LAND MANAGEMENT ON THE TERRITORIES OF NEW-ESTABLISHED COMMUNITIES." Vìsnik L’vìvs’kogo nacìonal’nogo agrarnogo unìversitetu. Arhìtektura ì sìl’s’kogospodars’ke budìvnictvo 22, no. 1 (2021): 179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31734/architecture2021.22.179.

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Marzorati, Roberta. "Imagined communities and othering processes." Discourse and politics of migration in Italy 12, no. 2 (2012): 251–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.12.2.05mar.

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The article explores discourses, which, strongly marked by the association between immigration and security/safety issues, shape conflicts between groups in the urban spaces. More specifically, the article analyses daily interactions in a neighbourhood located in a semi-central area of the city of Milan and the discursive strategies of established Italian residents in dealing with neighbours, shopkeepers and public space users of immigrant origin. It focuses on the specific case of a small park which, claimed by the Italian residents in the neighbourhood, is currently a space of different activities by different groups and constitutes a core of an intergroup conflict. Referring to the existent Italian literature on the social construction of immigration as a problem related to security and urban safety issues, the article focuses on how such a discourse is produced and reproduced at the local level in established residents’ discourses and practices and their imagination/s of the community of ‘us’. While the article analyses how established residents account for the changes that have occurred in their area, discursive strategies about the nature of the place and its ‘legitimate’ users as well as social practices of appropriation and control are examined in order to show the interrelation between the processes of othering and place-identity making.

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Ward, Andrew. "Virtual Communities." Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology 14, no. 3 (2010): 237–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/techne201014324.

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The Internet, as it exists today, is an outgrowth of the late 1960’s Advanced Research Projects Agency Network. During the 1980’s, the National Science Foundation established a high-speed, high-capacity network called NSFnet connecting many universities and government agencies. Finally, with the creation of the World Wide Web and the development and diffusion of inexpensive, reliable and easy to use public Internet access, electronic information technologies connect an increasingly large portion of the population. As a result, the communities with which we are all familiar, communities based on geographic proximity, have changed. These sorts of changes raise many interesting but difficult questions. This paper focuses on two of those questions. First, what does the increasing use of and reliance on electronically mediated communications portend for our understanding of human communities, and second, what sorts of socio-political concepts and relationships best characterize the new “virtual community”?

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Babushkina, Ruslana, and Tatyana Mazievich. "Evaluation of land use efficiency of united territorial communities taking into account the established restriction zones." Herald of Ternopil National Economic University, no. 4(98) (February 20, 2021): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2020.04.025.

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Introduction. The need to provide the newly created united territorial communities with quality and timely documentation in the context of balancing the interests of the state, region and united territorial communities, it is important to assess the impact of existing regime on spatial planning of the united territorial community. In turn, this will minimize existing land conflicts and help attract investment projects, achieve strategic goals and improve the quality of life.The purpose is to generalize theoretical approaches and develop recommendations for ways to improve the efficiency of land use of united territorial communities, taking into account the established zones of restrictions in order to clearly and transparently delineate powers in the assigned territory.Research methods. The following research methods are used in the article: method of system-structural analysis (in the study of the essence and systematization of restrictions on land use around regime-forming objects); statistical and factor analysis (in the study of land fees to local budgets of Ukraine); comparative analysis (in the study of the actual state of land use of the united territorial communities in the Kherson region).Results. The current legislative support of legal forms of planning the functional use and protection of lands of united territorial communities is studied, taking into account the existing restrictions and burdens. The regime-forming objects in the use of lands of the united territorial communities are analyzed on the example of the Kherson region in order to identify opportunities to strengthen the economic potential on the ground. The expediency of modernization of the legislation regulating the activity of local self-government bodies and local state administrations, including in the field of land legislation, has been proved.Perspectives. Further research is needed to formulate specific proposals on the procedure and conditions for inclusion in the territories of united territorial communities of reserves.

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Rzymowska, Zofia, and Teresa Skrajna. "Associations and communities of cereal crops of the Łuków Plain. Part III. Intermediate and impoverished communities." Acta Agrobotanica 68, no. 1 (2015): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2014.048.

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This paper is the third and final part of a study attempting to analyse associations and communities in cereal crops of the Łuków Plain. It contains a description of intermediate and impoverished communities established in cereal crops of the Łuków Plain. Patches with phytocenoses without the combination of species characteristic of cereal associations were frequently observed. Impoverished communities of the alliance Aperion spicae-venti established in winter cereal crops. In turn, in spring cereal crops phytocenoses including species characteristic of tuber and root crops were found; they represented either a community with species characteristic of Panico-Setarion or an intermediate community with species characteristic of Aperion spicae-venti and Polygono-Chenopodion. Such communities are established, among others, because of production intensification which changes habitat conditions. Some patches found in the study area were intermediate between the two most frequently observed associations Arnoserido-Scleranthetum and Vicietum tetraspermae.

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Suharso, Putut, Bani Sudardi, Sahid Teguh Widodo, and Sri Kusumo Habsari. "The Role of Communities in Strengthening Social Capital of Coastal Communities through the Library." E3S Web of Conferences 47 (2018): 07005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184707005.

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Library is a place that provides information openly and freely for the community. With the principle of openness, libraries can be accessed by all levels of society. The purpose of this study is to provide an analysis of the active role of some communities in establishing private libraries to provide information services to coastal communities. This research is a qualitative research with case study approach in coastal area of Semarang. The results of the research there are several libraries that were established by individual communities. Libraries are established using several terms; as; community reading park, reading house, smart garden. The management of libraries from self-help communities ranging from librarians, collections, buildings and infrastructure facilities. Activities undertaken by librarians have provided creative services to contribute to the literacy capabilities and social capital of coastal communities through a diverse collection of books that support social strengthening and entrepreneurship training.

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Cwalina-Ambroziak, B., and T. Bowszys. "Changes in fungal communities in organically fertilized soil." Plant, Soil and Environment 55, No. 1 (2009): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/327-pse.

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The research project was carried out as a field experiment with application of the following crop rotation system: industrial potato, spring barley for fodder, winter rape and winter wheat, established in the random distribution of blocks in triplicate on gleyic luvisol formed of silty light loam. The aim of the research was to determine the influence of diversified organic fertilization based on composted wastewater sediments and farm manure on the community of soil fungi as compared to fields without fertilization and with NPK fertilization only. The fungi were cultured on the Martin medium and were counted and identified afterwards. As a result of three-year field experiments it was established that organic fertilization had a more determining effect on qualitative composition than numbers of soil fungi. Total number of fungal colony-forming units in the soil fertilized with Biohum at 10 t/ha and 5 t/ha was significantly higher than in soil with mineral NPK fertilization and without fertilization. Most frequently pathogens populated the soil in fields without fertilization and to a lesser extent the soil with mineral NPK fertilization. A positive influence of organic fertilizers on the fungal community structure was recorded. The number of pathogens was limited (to 1.2% in fields fertilized with farm manure) while the population of saprotrophic fungi possessing antagonistic properties increased.

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Jönsson, Jessica H. "Beyond empowerment: Changing local communities." International Social Work 53, no. 3 (2010): 393–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872809359867.

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This article critically analyses empowerment projects in a local community in southern India and explores the shortcomings of development projects aimed at changing living conditions of marginalized people. It is argued that international social work should move beyond established empowerment theories and practices and include combating structural barriers in an emancipatory manner.

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Li, Jing. "Sustainable Ecotourism Established on Local Communities and Its Assessment System in Costa Rica." Journal of Environmental Protection 04, no. 01 (2013): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jep.2013.41006.

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Vanhinsbergh, Des, Susan Gough, Robert J. Fuller, and Euan D. R. Brierley. "Summer and winter bird communities in recently established farm woodlands in lowland England." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 92, no. 2-3 (2002): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8809(01)00301-2.

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Wong, James Tsz Fung, Xunwen Chen, Wenjing Deng, Yemao Chai, Charles Wang Wai Ng, and Ming Hung Wong. "Effects of biochar on bacterial communities in a newly established landfill cover topsoil." Journal of Environmental Management 236 (April 2019): 667–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.02.010.

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Vinson, Emily. "Applying an Established Format to the Houston Archives Bazaar." Preservation, Digital Technology & Culture 48, no. 1 (2019): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pdtc-2018-0034.

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AbstractRegional archival organizations across the United States have been bringing out the archives in free events designed to showcase collections in public spaces, and connect communities to local history resources. Called archives bazaars or crawls, these outreach events showcase the vibrant spectrum of archives from private collections, community organizations, municipal archives, and public and academic libraries. This short paper explores the history of these community archives events, and describes the creation, challenges and outcomes of hosting the inaugural 2017 Houston Archives Bazaar.

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Jeschke, Mark R., David E. Stoltenberg, George O. Kegode, J. Anita Dille, and Gregg A. Johnson. "Weed Community Emergence Time Affects Accuracy of Predicted Corn Yield Loss by WeedSOFT." Weed Technology 23, no. 3 (2009): 477–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-08-138.1.

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WeedSOFT is a state-of-the-art decision support system for weed management in the north central region of the United States, but its accuracy to predict corn yield loss associated with later-emerging weed communities has not been adequately assessed. We conducted experiments in 2004 and 2005 to compare observed and predicted corn yield related to four establishment times of mixed-species weed communities for validation of competitive index modifier (CIM) values in WeedSOFT. Weed communities were established at VE, V2, V4, and V6 corn (emergence, second-leaf, fourth-leaf, and sixth-leaf stages, respectively), and consisted largely of annual grass and moderately competitive annual broadleaf species. Compared to weed-free corn, yield loss occurred in each of seven site-years for weed communities established at VE corn, but in only one site-year for communities established at V2 corn. No corn yield loss was associated with weed communities established at V4 or V6 corn. For communities established at VE corn, predicted corn yield differed from observed yield in all but one site year, with predicted yield less than observed yield in three site-years, and greater than observed yield in two site-years; however, nonlinear regression analyses of yield data pooled over site-years showed that fitted values were similar between predicted and observed yield. For communities established at V2 and V4 corn, predicted yield was less than observed yield in six and five site-years, respectively. For communities established at V6 corn, predicted yield was less than observed yield in three of six site-years, but was similar to observed yield in three of six site-years. These results indicated that the CIM values in WeedSOFT tended to overestimate the competitiveness of late-emerging weed communities. Corn yield data from a pooled analysis of all site-years were used to generate a revised set of growth stage CIM values, which improved the accuracy of predicted corn yield. These results should improve weed management decisions and reduce the need for herbicide applications to late-emerging weeds.

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Roozen, David. "Faith Communities Today:." Theology Today 78, no. 3 (2021): 198–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00405736211030226.

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The Cooperative Congregational Studies Partnership is the sponsor of the Faith Communities Today series of national surveys of American congregations. It started out as a conversation about “church” member surveys at the 1995 annual meeting of the Religious Research Association and by 2000 had grown into a multi-faith coalition of 27 denominations and faith traditions that, assisted with matching funds from the Lilly Endowment, conducted the largest national survey of American congregations ever undertaken, as a research-based resource for congregational development. In 2003 the partnership became a self-sustaining program of the Hartford Institute for Religion Research, and established a regular cycle of decadal and mid-decadal such surveys, with an occasional qualitative study sprinkled in, which has continued to this day. This article tells the history of how this unique experience of practical ecclesiology came to be, how it evolved, and what it has produced.

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COOK, JOANNE, PETER DWYER, and LOUISE WAITE. "Accession 8 Migration and the Proactive and Defensive Engagement of Social Citizenship." Journal of Social Policy 41, no. 2 (2011): 329–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279411000766.

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AbstractFollowing the expansion of the European Union in 2004 unprecedented numbers of Accession 8 migrants from Central and Eastern Europe entered the UK. These migrants are often concentrated in particular urban neighbourhoods, which are already routinely home to diverse communities and/or characterised by high levels of social deprivation. Using original data from a study in a northern English city, this paper explores the ways in which established communities experience and make sense of the local impact of new migration within their neighbourhoods. The belief that newly arrived migrants are in competition with established communities for finite local jobs and welfare resources is central to the expressed concerns of established communities about the potential for A8 migration to have a localised negative impact.Utilising Ellison's (2000) theoretical insights, the paper argues that established communities’ concerns, rather than being simply an expression of xenophobic intolerance, have their basis in how the expansion of the EU facilitates opportunities for the ‘proactive engagement’ of citizenship status among A8 migrants, whilst often triggering a more ‘defensive engagement’ among members of local host communities.

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Bibi, Adeela, Zafar Iqbal, Ghulam Mujtaba Shah, and Sarfaraz Nawaz. "CLASSIFICATION OF VEGETATION OF LOWER TANAWAL, PAKISTAN BY CLUSTER ANALYSIS ON THE BASIS OF ALTITUDE." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 10, no. 1 (2022): 193–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v10.i1.2022.4454.

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During this research study on the basis of altitude 5 altitudinal ranges were formed from 2396 to 6742 ft. from Lower Tanawal, Abbottabad Pakistan. From these 05 altitudinal ranges 17 plant communities were established, 3 plant communities were documented from altitudinal range I (2396-3054 ft). Four plant communities were formed from altitudinal range II (3142-3613 ft). Three plant communities were recognized from altitudinal range III (3708-4182 ft). Four plant communities were recorded from altitudinal range IV (4220-4666 ft). Three plant communities were established from altitudinal range V (4827-6742 ft). The ordination techniques Two-way Indicator Species Analysis (TWINSPAN) were used to classify the data.

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Nagata, Yuriko. "Japanese-Australians in the Post-war Thursday Island Community." Queensland Review 6, no. 2 (1999): 30–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1321816600001136.

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From the late 19th century, a scattering of small Japanese communities gradually established themselves around the northern coast of Australia. These communities existed as ethnic minorities within already established communities of Europeans and indigenous Australians in towns such as Broome, Darwin and in the sugargrowing areas of northern Queensland. The largest of these communities were found on Thursday Island, in the Torres Strait, and Broome, in Western Australia. At the outbreak of World War II, Thursday Island was the largest Japanese community in the country.

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Aldrich-Wolfe, Laura. "DISTINCT MYCORRHIZAL COMMUNITIES ON NEW AND ESTABLISHED HOSTS IN A TRANSITIONAL TROPICAL PLANT COMMUNITY." Ecology 88, no. 3 (2007): 559–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/05-1177.

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Maliepaard, Mieke, Mérove Gijsberts, and Karen Phalet. "Islamic gatherings: experiences of discrimination and religious affirmation across established and new immigrant communities." Ethnic and Racial Studies 38, no. 15 (2015): 2635–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2015.1077983.

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Smedberg, Asa. "Learning conversations for people with established bad habits: a study of four health communities." International Journal of Healthcare Technology and Management 9, no. 2 (2008): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijhtm.2008.017369.

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Scridel, Davide, Paolo Utmar, Carlo Franzosini, et al. "Sink or swim? Modernization of mussel farming methods may negatively impact established seabird communities." Biological Conservation 243 (March 2020): 108458. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108458.

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Bergstrom, Kelly, and Nathaniel Poor. "Reddit Gaming Communities During Times of Transition." Social Media + Society 7, no. 2 (2021): 205630512110101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20563051211010167.

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We studied the Reddit communities for three game franchises at the time of a new release in each franchise to see what the members of the Reddit community for the now-older game would do in terms of their community involvement and membership. Specifically, we sought to determine if community members transitioned to the community for a new game, leaving behind their established community devoted to the now-older game. Our main finding was that most people did not move to the new community, but instead remained with their established community. We argue that nostalgia played an important role for community members, whom we frame as fans. Data came from Reddit communities for The Elder Scrolls, Fallout, and the Civilization franchises, comprising data on over 10 million posts from five different year-long time periods, each centered on the release of a new game in each of those franchises.

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Davis, Robert C., and Joel Miller. "Immigration and Integration: Perceptions of Community Policing Among Members of Six Ethnic Communities in Central Queens, New York City." International Review of Victimology 9, no. 2 (2002): 93–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026975800200900202.

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There is some evidence, based on past research, that community policing has not been as successful (in terms of awareness, participation, and impact) in Black and Latino communities as in White communities. We believed that there may be even less awareness of community policing in ethnic communities containing high proportions of recent immigrants. We conducted an investigation into the extent to which awareness of community policing had penetrated immigrant communities. From a multi-ethnic neighborhood in Queens, New York with a high proportion of foreign-born residents, we surveyed representative samples from six different ethnic groups. Two of the communities were well established and integrated into the city's political structure. The other four communities were composed largely of recent immigrants and had not yet developed a strong sense of political empowerment. Respondents were asked about awareness of community policing, sources of awareness, participation in community policing activities, and suggestions for improving police—community relations. Respondents from the long-etablished ethnic communities were far more likely to be aware of community policing than respondents in the recently established communities. The former respondents were also more likely to have participated in community policing activities. Increasing foot patrols and holding more meetings with the community were seen as the most effective means of improving police—community relations, especially among recently established Hispanic communities.

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Sule, Ibrahim, and Yusufu Y. Dadem. "Pro Bono Legal Services in Rural Communities: Experiences of the Bagauda Law Clinic in Aid of Citizens." American Journal of Law 4, no. 1 (2022): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ajl.1206.

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In communities with low standard of living and low literacy level, access to justice is challenging; for rural communities who are under-served by the justice system, access to justice is a nightmare. These communities rely on traditional institutions of the family, the clergy and village councils to administer to resolve disputes. Law clinics may fill in the gaps of absence of regular courts, and serve as clinics for the legal education of students who wish to join the legal profession. Through the practical application of classroom lessons, students acquire skills and imbibe values to practice as lawyers. In order to address some of the legal needs of these communities, the Nigerian Law School established law clinics in all its five campuses and one of such is the Bagauda Law Clinic established in 2013 at the Kano Campus of the institute. This article analyses some the activities of the clinic in addressing some of the legal needs of its near-by communities and villages to see whether the purpose for which the clinic is established is achievable.

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Kyselková, Martina, Joana Falcão Salles, Alain Dumestre, Yves Benoit, and Geneviève L. Grundmann. "Distinct Bacterial Consortia Established in ETBE-Degrading Enrichments from a Polluted Aquifer." Applied Sciences 9, no. 20 (2019): 4247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9204247.

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Ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) is a gasoline additive that became an important aquifer pollutant. The information about natural bacterial consortia with a capacity for complete ETBE degradation is limited. Here we assess the taxonomical composition of bacterial communities and diversity of the ethB gene (involved in ETBE biodegradation) in ETBE-enrichment cultures that were established from a gasoline-polluted aquifer, either from anoxic ETBE-polluted plume water (PW), or from an upstream non-polluted water (UW). We used a 16S rRNA microarray, and 16S rRNA and ethB gene sequencing. Despite the dissimilar initial chemical conditions and microbial composition, ETBE-degrading consortia were obtained from both PW and UW. The composition of ETBE-enrichment cultures was distinct from their initial water samples, reflecting the importance of the rare biosphere as a reservoir of potential ETBE degraders. No convergence was observed between the enrichment cultures originating from UW and PW, which were dominated by Mesorhizobium and Hydrogenophaga, respectively, indicating that distinct consortia with the same functional properties may be present at one site. Conserved ethB genes were evidenced in both PW and UW ETBE-enrichment cultures and in PW water. Our results suggest that the presence of ethB genes rather than the taxonomical composition of in situ bacterial communities indicate the potential for the ETBE degradation at a given site.

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Jeschke, Mark R., David E. Stoltenberg, George O. Kegode, et al. "Predicted Soybean Yield Loss As Affected by Emergence Time of Mixed-Species Weed Communities." Weed Science 59, no. 3 (2011): 416–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-10-00129.1.

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Potential crop yield loss due to early-season weed competition is an important risk associated with postemergence weed management programs. WeedSOFT is a weed management decision support system that has the potential to greatly reduce such risk. Previous research has shown that weed emergence time can greatly affect the accuracy of corn yield loss predictions by WeedSOFT, but our understanding of its predictive accuracy for soybean yield loss as affected by weed emergence time is limited. We conducted experiments at several sites across the Midwestern United States to assess accuracy of WeedSOFT predictions of soybean yield loss associated with mixed-species weed communities established at emergence (VE), cotyledon (VC), first-node (V1), or third-node (V3) soybean. Weed communities across research sites consisted mostly of annual grass species and moderately competitive annual broadleaf species. Soybean yield loss occurred in seven of nine site-years for weed communities established at VE soybean, four site-years for weed communities established at VC soybean, and one site-year for weed communities established at V1 soybean. No soybean yield loss was associated with weed communities established at the V3 stage. Nonlinear regression analyses of predicted and observed soybean yield data pooled over site-years showed that predicted yields were less than observed yields at all soybean growth stages, indicating overestimation of soybean yield loss. Pearson correlation analyses indicated that yield loss functions overestimated the competitive ability of high densities of giant and yellow foxtail with soybean, indicating that adjustments to competitive index values or yield loss function parameters for these species may improve soybean yield loss prediction accuracy and increase the usefulness of WeedSOFT as a weed management decision support system.

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Hart, Simon P., and Dustin J. Marshall. "Advantages and disadvantages of interference-competitive ability and resource-use efficiency when invading established communities." Oikos 121, no. 3 (2011): 396–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0706.2011.19557.x.

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Hänfling, Bernd, Lori Lawson Handley, Daniel S. Read, et al. "Environmental DNA metabarcoding of lake fish communities reflects long-term data from established survey methods." Molecular Ecology 25, no. 13 (2016): 3101–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.13660.

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Molander, Sverker, and Hans Blanck. "Detection of pollution-induced community tolerance (PICT) in marine periphyton communities established under diuron exposure." Aquatic Toxicology 22, no. 2 (1992): 129–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-445x(92)90028-l.

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Fenelon, Andrew. "Rethinking the Hispanic Paradox: The Mortality Experience of Mexican Immigrants in Traditional Gateways and New Destinations." International Migration Review 51, no. 3 (2017): 567–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/imre.12263.

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Previous research suggests that favorable health outcomes among Mexican immigrants reflect high levels of social support in enclave communities with high co-ethnic density. This study examines the mortality outcomes of Mexican immigrants in the United States in traditional gateways versus new and minor destinations. Mexican immigrants in new and minor destinations have a significant survival advantage over those in traditional gateways, reflecting less established communities in new destinations. This finding casts doubt on the protective effects of enclaves, since non-traditional destinations have less established immigrant communities. Future research should reevaluate the relationship between community ethnic composition, social support, and immigrant health.

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Kharytonenko, R., D. Derkulskyi, O. Kravchenko, and V. Smolenskyi. "On the issue of establishment and changes of boundaries of administrative and territorial units." Zemleustrìj, kadastr ì monìtorìng zemelʹ, no. 4 (October 27, 2021): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/zemleustriy2021.04.04.

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The presence of crisis tendencies in the issues of establishing and changing the boundaries of the territories of territorial communities and settlements has been stated. It was emphasized that the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine has adopted 24 orders on the definition of administrative centers and approval of the territories of territorial communities. As a result, 1,469 territorial communities have been established in the country (including 31 territorial communities in the uncontrolled territory within the Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts). Such situations lead to the fact that a significant number of administrative-territorial units do not have established boundaries, which in turn makes it impossible to achieve the development goals of territorial communities and settlements. At the same time, the boundaries of most territories of territorial communities and settlements are not established, and when changing boundaries there are issues that require a better system of legal documents that would regulate scientifically sound establishment (change) of boundaries affecting community regulation of environmental and economically acceptable use lands. A number of changes to the legal documents are proposed, such as: preliminary registration in the SCC of project boundaries of territorial communities and settlements, obligations for certified land surveying engineers to verify the intention to establish (change) boundaries. It is proposed to establish (change) the boundaries taking into account the principles of "public administration", namely: the principle of self-organization of civil society and the principle of feedback.

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Blanck, Hans, and Sten-Åke Wängberg. "Validity of an Ecotoxicological Test System: Short-Term and Long-Term Effects of Arsenate on Marine Periphyton Communities in Laboratory Systems." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 45, no. 10 (1988): 1807–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f88-212.

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Periphyton communities were established on glass substratum in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden) and their sensitivity to arsenate was determined with short-term photosynthesis experiments. The study was done in May 1984 when phosphate levels were low. A 1-h exposure to arsenate gave IC20 (concentration required to inhibit photosynthesis by 20%) values of 0.4 μM. Communities established indoors in a flow-through aquaria system were substantially different from the fjord communities in terms of structure and biomass, although photosynthesis showed a similar sensitivity (IC20 = 0.6 μM). To explore the validity of this short-term ecotoxicological test system, we used a set of indoor, flow-through aquaria to study long-term effects (3 wk) on communities established under arsenate stress. Arsenate was added continuously at 0.1–10 μM above background levels (7 nM). Species composition as well as carbon, nitrogen, and chlorophyll a content of the communities were affected at 0.2–0.8 μM (IC20). This is in good agreement with the sensitivity of the short-term test. We conclude that inhibition of the physiological parameter photosynthesis is relevant information for the understanding of ecological events caused by arsenate stress in the periphyton communities. At least for effects of arsenate, the short-term metabolic test system can be used for valid predictions of gross changes in periphyton community structure and production. Comparison with arsenic levels in polluted coastal areas of Sweden lead to the conclusion that periphyton communities may be affected, particularly when phosphorus levels are low.

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Niyonkomezi, Jeanine, and Juniter Kwamboka. "Effect of brand communities on consumer engagement and trust." International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478) 9, no. 4 (2020): 244–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v9i4.719.

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The use of Facebook as a social media platform has been cited to revolutionize the performance of different brand and firms globally. The performance of the products and brands has been attributed to the creation of Facebook media brand communities, whose level of engagement influences consumer product outcomes. This study attempted to establish to what extend Facebook social media brand communities and brand engagement on brand trust. The study established that the three attributes of Facebook brand communities positively influenced consumer brand engagement (shared consciousness (β=1.52, p=0.001), shared rituals (β=1.44, p=0.001), obligations to society (β=2.11, p=0.001). The study further established that social media brand engagement positively influenced brand trust. The study recommends that firms should effectively increase their product and brand promotion and engagement through Facebook.

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Lim, Michael, and Bee Yong Ong. "Communities of innovation." International Journal of Innovation Science 11, no. 3 (2019): 402–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijis-09-2017-0086.

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Purpose This paper aims to increase our understanding of the nature and role of communities within organizations with regard to innovation management, the drivers of community innovation and macro-processes of community innovation management. Design/methodology/approach The authors first use an inductive qualitative technique to analyze data gathered from a UK university to build up the concept of communities of innovation and then refine the concept of communities of innovation by contrasting it to the more established literature on communities of practice. Finally, with the aid of existing literature on collaborative innovation and the innovation processes, the authors induce from the data the drivers of community innovation and the three macro-processes of community innovation management. Findings The research findings suggest communities of innovation play a central and pivotal role in contributing to the generation of innovations within organizations. Drivers of innovation included corporate culture, money and time, intellectual property management, motivation, knowledge facilitators, activists and maintenance and opportunities to interact. The three macro-processes of community innovation management are identified as divergence management, gateway management and convergence management. Research limitations/implications As this is an exploratory research into communities of innovation, all the 11 communities of innovation analyzed belong to ABC University. It is necessary to expand on this research within the education industry, as well as into other industries to further test the reliability of the findings in this paper. Practical implications Business executives who have a better understanding of communities of innovation, the drivers of community innovation and the macro-processes of community innovation management will be better able to promote innovation within their organizations. Social implications Governments that have a better understanding of communities of innovation, the drivers of innovation and the macro-processes of community innovation management will be better able to promote innovation within their countries. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is one of the first research studies attempting to understand communities of innovation and the macro-processes of community innovation management.

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Nazeri, Haleh. "Imagined Cyber Communities, Iranians and the Internet." Middle East Studies Association Bulletin 30, no. 2 (1996): 158–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026318400033952.

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The post information age will remove the limitations of geography.—Nicholas Negroponte, Being DigitalThe internet has been a continually changing forum for communicating that has been taken up by diaspora communities to maintain connections with their countrymates all over the world. In that capacity, the technology has been an easy and innovative avenue for cultural expression. Iranians, for instance, have established on-line magazines, newsgroups, media and business directories, human rights organizations, student groups, academic organizations and book publishers for a transnational community. Who goes to these sites and why?

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Sonnenburg, Justin L., Largus T. Angenent, and Jeffrey I. Gordon. "Getting a grip on things: how do communities of bacterial symbionts become established in our intestine?" Nature Immunology 5, no. 6 (2004): 569–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ni1079.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Established communities'

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