Dissertations / Theses: 'Established firm'

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Wiegandt, Philipp. "Value creation of firm-established brand communities." Wiesbaden Gabler, 2009. http://d-nb.info/997539674/04.

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Wang, Yaming. "Starting a new software business in an established firm." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43108.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-62). The purpose of this research is to provide an academic study to facilitate and improve the establishment and running of Expression Business Unit in Microsoft's Developer Division. This business unit was created in 2005 to help Microsoft expand into the computer-aided designer market. New business creation within the existing business is commonly called corporate entrepreneurship. This thesis will review the literatures in this area and use the Expression business as a case study.This thesis documents the efforts of a company starting a new business based on the research in business, organization and product. The principle study areas of this project are (1) How to collect market data, conduct market research and competitive strategy analysis for a new business (2) Build a business plan for a corporate venture (3) How to organize an effective corporate venture (4) The similarities and differences between start a start-up company and start a new venture in an established firm.Most of materials used in this thesis are from the author's personal involvement, internal Microsoft presentations, the author's interviews and meetings with key stakeholders involved in this new Business Unit. This project uses academic research to identify the existing theories and practices on corporate venturing. Through the research, this project also details the problems raised in the planning phase.In the end, the author will propose improvements to the current business planning. The improvement is built on top of the existing business and product planning framework, with the intents to enhance Expression venture's product and market areas. Also several areas requires further study have been outlined. by Yaming Wang. S.M.

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Tomas, Adam. "Product Digitalization from the Perspective of an Established Manufacturing Firm." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för informatik (IK), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-104945.

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This thesis set out to investigate what motivates an established manufacturing firm to add smart and connectivity features into its products and what considerations are made when doing so. Such a firm was used as a case study object, a firm that is considering digitalization in one of its product areas but has not yet finalized the strategy on how to move forward. The qualitative study was made using semi-structured interviews which included mostly respondents from this organization, but also respondents representing the customers as small company entrepreneurs. A literature study was conducted to better define the subject of product digitalization. Previous research on smart and connected products as well as related business and market theories were identified as relevant, as well as literature on digital transformation. Based on the literature study, a theoretical framework was formulated in the form of an iterative model on product digitalization, where the business and market mechanics are included. A qualitative case study was then conducted in the form of semi-structured interviews, with topics considered relevant based on the literature study. The empirical data shows many similarities compared to the current literature on the topic. The literature study has identified these aspects as relevant to be considered by an established manufacturing firm and compared them with the case study firm: · Digital vision – with clear intent and outcome for both the business and the customer · Customer intimacy – services related to smart and connected products will increase the intimacy to the end customer · Business model – product sales business model will be transformed by servitization · Technology content – smart and connected products need integration of new technologies, such as hardware, software and data management · Capabilities – necessary capabilities and the ability to integrate and coordinate these · Competitive strategy – using digital technology to gain competitive advantage. · Technology acceptance –what technologies are accepted by the customers and why The case study shows that the firm have identified several key areas affected by product digitalization. Many of these aspects are considered when making strategic decisions, and the members of the organization are including most of them when building scenarios. One area of concern is the ability to integrate and coordinate all necessary functions, both for technology and services. Another is the switch in mindset going from a predictable product business model to a innovate digital one. Offering services will bring them into more direct contact with the customers, and possibly change the role of the dealership network.

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Uddenberg, Anders. "Growth in established SMEs : Exploring the innovative and ambitious firm." Licentiate thesis, Linköpings universitet, Industriell ekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-114396.

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The growth of firms is a complex but relevant subject for different stakeholders, such as owners, who want returns on their investment, and society, where firms are vessels for jobs and job creation. Despite the vast amount of research conducted on firm growth and factors associated with firm growth, there is no coherent body of knowledge, and the average firm is not growing. This research focuses on growth in established small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), i.e. firms that have passed the startup phase and have established themselves on the market. The purpose is to investigate the characteristics of high-growth established SMEs with special focus on the entrepreneur’s growth ambitions and the role of innovation activities for firm growth. The data was collected from 88 established SMEs in which interviews were conducted with CEOs, owners, managers, and employees. A questionnaire was used which included questions regarding factors previously linked to firm growth such as resources, market factors, organizational factors, innovation, and attitude toward firm growth. The results show that growth ambitions have a limited impact on firm growth, and that growth ambitions alone are not a good predictor of firm growth. When high-growth firms were compared to the average established SME, there was no difference in the level the managers of the firms were seeking growth. Neither lack of growth, nor high growth, can be explained by the managers’ perception of the firm’s possibility to grow. Furthermore, there is no evidence that the difference in growth rates is attributed to different levels of growth opportunities. Instead, this research shows that what distinguishes high-growth firms from the average, non-growing firms are factors associated with innovation, the market, and customer knowledge. The high-growth firms were found to be significantly better at identifying and delivering on unfilled demands. However, no evidence suggests that the high-growth firms had exclusive access to new technology they could leverage as a means to grow faster, and both groups believed there to be plenty of market opportunities and possibilities to create growing niches. If the difference between high growth and no growth in established SMEs is associated with external factors related to innovation, market and customers, it is interesting that when growth ambitions increase, so does the internal focus on organizational structures and systems. Ambitious entrepreneurs who seek firm growth should therefore not lose sight of external factors, and strive to quickly deal with increased internal complexity that accompanies firm growth. Tillväxt i företag är ett komplext forskningsområde, ofta utan enkla svar och ibland med motstridiga resultat. Samtidigt är tillväxt relevant både för företagets ägare som strävar efter avkastning, och för samhället då växande företag skapar sysselsättning. Trots omfattande forskning är kunskapen om tillväxt fortfarande spretig, och ett genomsnittligt företag växer inte. Denna studie fokuserar på tillväxt i etablerade små och medelstora företag (SMF), d.v.s. företag som har passerat uppstartsfasen och lyckats etablera sig på marknaden. Syftet med studien är att undersöka vad som utmärker snabbväxande etablerade företag med ett speciellt fokus på entreprenörens tillväxtambitioner och innovationers påverkar på tillväxt. Det empiriska underlaget består av intervjuer genomförda i 88 etablerade SMF där de tillfrågade har varit VD, ägare, mellanchefer, och anställda. De intervjuade har besvarat frågor knutna till tillväxt, såsom resurser, marknad, organisation, innovation, och attityden till tillväxt. Studien visar att tillväxtambitioner har en begränsad påverkan på tillväxt. Det är därmed problematiskt att använda tillväxtambitioner för att förklara tillväxt i SMF. När snabbväxande företag jämfördes mot genomsnittliga SMF var det ingen skillnad i hur dessa två grupper strävade efter tillväxt. Varken utebliven tillväxt, eller snabb tillväxt, kan alltså förklaras av företagsledarnas syn på företagets möjligheter att växa eller mängden tillväxtmöjligheter. Istället visar denna studie att det som särskiljer snabbväxande etablerade SMF från genomsnittliga, icke växande, företag är faktorer knutna till innovation, marknad, och företagens kunskap om sina kunder. De snabbast växande företagen var betydligt bättre på att identifiera nya krav och utnyttja den efterfråga som fanns. Noterbart är att de snabbväxande företagen inte hade exklusiv tillgång till ny teknik som de kunde utnyttja för att växa, utan de båda grupperna var jämförbara avseende denna. Båda grupperna ansåg också att det fanns gott om möjligheter på marknaden och att det gick att skapa växande nischer. Om skillnaden mellan tillväxt och icke tillväxt i etablerade företag till stor del kan förklaras av externa faktorer relaterade till innovation, marknad och kunder är det intressant att konstatera att företagen med högst tillväxtambitioner istället fokuserar internt på strukturer och system. Ambitiösa entreprenörer som söker tillväxt bör prioritera externa faktorer och sträva efter att snabbast möjligt hantera den ökade komplexiteten som tillväxt för med sig.

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Barradas, Cláudia Sofia Carrilho. "When are the most sucessful matches between worker and firm established?" Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4493.

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Mestrado em Economia Monetária e Financeira This dissertation investigates the role of the external labor market conditions on job matching quality, proxied by real wages and tenure. First, it assesses the impact of current and initial unemployment rates on wages determination. It presents evidence that real wages tend to react in a procyclical way and there is a learning process of match quality that decreases the impact of the business cycle on real wages. Through a duration model, I show that jobs initiated during an economic downturn tend to last less than those initiated during an expansion. Then, applying a multinomial model to real wages and tenure quartiles, I demonstrate a positive impact of the unemployment rate prevailing at the start of the job for those who receive higher wages and those who have longer tenures relatively to those at the bottom of the match quality. It also presents empirical evidence supporting the prediction that jobs initiated during recessions tend to have larger real wages adjustments, especially, when the business cycle improves. Este estudo tem como principal objectivo analisar a importância do ciclo económico na qualidade das relações laborais, sendo, para este efeito, consideradas como próximas, os salarios reais e a duração do emprego. Numa primeira fase, demonstra-se que os salários reais reagem de forma pró-cíclica as taxas de desemprego observadas no início e ao longo do contrato de trabalho, e que existe um processo de apren¬dizagem da qualidade da relação laboral que atenua o impacto negativo do ciclo económico nos salários reais. Recorrendo a um modelo de duração, comprova-se que as relações laborais formadas durante recessões tendem a ter menor duração do que aquelas estabelecidas durante expansões. Numa segunda fase, através de um modelo multinomial, demonstra-se que existe um efeito positivo do ciclo económico para os trabalhadores que recebem salários mais elevados e tem maior estabilidade no emprego, quando comparados com aqueles que se situam no quartil mais baixo em termos de qualidade da relação laboral. Para concluir, e apresentada evidencia empírica de que as relações laborais iniciadas durante fases de recessão tendem a apresentar maiores ajustamentos salariais, sobretudo quando o ciclo recupera.

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Czernich, Christian. "When ideas meet organizations : the survival of entrepreneurial ventures inside the established firm." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Institute of International Business (IIB), 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-1105.

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Eric, Abrahamsson. "Growing Up : A study of a firm’s transition from entrepreneurial to well-established." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-260758.

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Finding ways of creating job opportunities is a commonly discussed topic among policy makers, especially in the context of the struggling world economy. Studies have shown that small firms, in particular young high-growth firms greatly contribute to job creation (Barba 2014; Birch, 1987; Lawless, 2014). However, research show that there is a gap between the view scholars in the field of entrepreneurship has of measures of firm growth and how practitioners perceive the same (Achtenhagen et al., 2010). Connecting scholars understanding and view of growth to that of practitioners will be important to drive growth. Studies on firm growth do exist, however empirical studies on the changes during growth remain sparse. The purpose of this study is to empirically investigate the internal activities and processes that occur in a firm during growth. By investigating a firm on a micro-level, this study will contribute to the understanding of which activities take place in a firm when it goes from being small and entrepreneurial to become a well-established player. This thesis main contribution to research is the adding of empirical depth and understanding of the processes and activities taking place when a firm grows.

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Sibanyoni, Lebogang Sooka. "Virtuous and vicious cycles: Managerial capabilities, strategy processes, and firm capabilities in established South African insurers." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/80520.

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The path towards successfully transforming established and successful firms in the 21st century remains a subject of much debate among strategic managers. This research report attempts to provide clarity to aspects of this debate that relate to managerial capabilities. It propounds on the interrelations between top management capabilities and the capabilities of firms. Specifically, the top management and the capabilities they possess. The capabilities that predominate the functioning of a firm. Including the perspectives of top management and institutionalised processes that strategies are both formed and implemented through. The qualitative inquiry was composed of fifteen in-depth interviews. These narratives were subjected to a content and thematic analysis. The deduced themes and constructs offered insights into dynamic managerial capabilities. Along with the processes through which they function as these firms pursue their adopted transformation strategies. The outcomes were two-fold. A map of the dominant configurations of both firm and managerial capabilities, and their associated default schools of strategy thought. Highlighting the likely existence of strategic management gaps constraining the transformative capacity of South Africa’s established insurers. The proposal of a model theorising the relationship between the dynamic managerial capabilities and the firm capabilities was also proffered. Mini Dissertation (MPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2020. Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) MPhil Unrestricted

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Gurling, Catherine. "Resources and entrepreneurial capability within boards of directors in established smaller independent firms : sources of innovation and firm growth in the UK plastic processing industry." Thesis, Aston University, 2006. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/10906/.

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Woestman, Joanne T. 1965. "An application of technology strategy tools to the introduction of alternatively powered automobiles to worldwide markets by an established firm." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/91713.

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Freilich, Jonatan. "When Innovation Is Not Enough : Managerial Challenges of Technology Change in Pharmaceutical R&D." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Industriell Management, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-176484.

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Innovation is not always enough. In the beginning of the 2000s established pharmaceutical firms had developed several drugs, yet these new products were far too few. Patents of many blockbuster drugs were to soon expire and substantial profit would then be lost. A potential solution emerged: implementing new biomarker technologies in drug development. Biomarkers are required for knowledge creation about the drug effect on underlying causes of a disease. The problem is this: although academia, industry, and policy makers have deemed biomarkers as necessary for successful drug development, pharmaceutical firms have not used them in actual drug development projects. Since the 1990s, established pharmaceutical firms have invested financially and restructured organizationally in order to implement biomarkers. Still, cases show that more than 50% of project termination in Clinical Phase 2 (the bottle neck of drug development) can be attributed to the lack of implementing biomarkers. Challenges of established firms transforming in the face of technology change is a commonly studied phenomenon within innovation management literature. Several explanations have attempted to determine why established firms fail in following technology change. However, most of this literature has been based upon an empirical context where technology change is conceptualized as an innovation of the dominant product design in the industry. Consequently, the challenge is to develop or adapt a discontinuous product innovation. Conversely, implementing biomarkers is a case of technology change that impacts R&D. Since drugs lose their value when the patent protection expires, the established pharmaceutical firms need to continuously develop new block buster drugs – not just one product. More research is needed to fill this gap in the literature in order to develop an understanding of the established firm challenge in implementing biomarkers. This thesis builds upon a longitudinal case study of AstraZeneca. Using multiple data sources, the findings show that the dominant architecture of the drug development process during the 2000s impeded the implementation of biomarkers. AstraZeneca required an “architectural process innovation” in order to complete this implementation. The company’s process-based management structures distorted it from recognizing the need for process change. This thesis has three contributions: First, it describes the process change and the firm’s managerial challenges associated with biomarker implementation; Second, it contributes to the literature on the established firm challenge by developing an understanding of the phenomenon of architectural process innovation; Third, it develops a process-based framework for studying technology change that affects R&D. QC 20151106

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Yi, Xueying, and Ivette Solla. "Analyzing the Challenges and potential Opportunities for a Swedish Newly Established Firm when entering the Chinese Food Market : a marketing study for BIM in Zhuhai City." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Building, Energy and Environmental Engineering, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-7364.

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China has become one of the largest markets for business investments. A great number of foreign companies have showed interest in the Chinese market; even more when they seen how other companies have succeeded in the crossover. However, not everyone has been lucky enough to be successful in the Chinese market; this is especially true for small firms. Small companies have faced big troubles when entering the Chinese market; specifically those who decided to go international after a mere few years. In this study, we will show the challenges and potential opportunities for Swedish newly established firm when entering Chinese market. The company chosen was a Swedish food company called BIM, which also promotes healthy life styles. The authors begins the paper by briefly introducing the BIM company, background of this study, and some definitions, such as the Chinese concept of networking or Guanxi, the difference that exists between Swedish and Chinese managerial style and negotiating style and how can all of these issues can make a difference in succeeding in China. Next, the authors introduce the theoretical model which is a combination of opportunities; such as: costs of labour, market size and availability of resources; and barriers such as: networking, bureaucracy, culture, managerial and negotiating style. Finally, the results show that new established companies that acknowledge the importance of a well establish network will have a bigger chance to succeed while doing business in China. A marketing study and interviews for the company BIM are shown in the appendix to assess opportunities and challenges before and after entering the Chinese market.

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Sunderrajan, Suresh 1970. "Non-traditional growth in large, established firms." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34809.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design & Management Program, 2004. Includes bibliographical references (p. 96-99). Firms must continuously strive to grow through the creation of new sources of competitive advantage. The challenges to growth are more severe for large, established firms that derive a predominant amount of their present revenue from technology that is mature and that faces imminent substitution through the marketplace emergence of a disruptive technology. In such circumstances, non-traditional growth, through new business opportunities outside of the direct purview of established Strategic Business Units, becomes an imperative. The primary hypothesis of this study is that problems in achieving growth predominantly stem from the inherent rigidities of large, established firms and, in order to successfully grow, these firms will have to pay particular attention to the structures and processes associated with teams tasked with growth. Accordingly, a theoretical framework for classifying non-traditional growth opportunities is developed. The study is motivated using three examples of non-traditional growth projects in a large, established firm. These examples are used to develop three key dimensions for characterizing such opportunities--technology, market, and organization. The proposed framework builds upon structural contingency theories to develop two independent factors for each dimension--uncertainty and interdependence. A vector mapping applicable to all non-traditional growth opportunities is developed using the two factors and three dimensions. The vector mapping is used to propose a linkage between growth opportunity and organizational form. A survey administered to 24 project leaders/managers of non-traditional growth projects in a single, large firm is used to test the applicability of the framework developed here. A statistical (cont.) analysis of the survey results corroborates the significance of market and technology factors. Organizational factors appear to be less significant, but this may be due to artifacts in the data. Finally, a concept explored in this study is that organizations must become more ambidextrous in their ability to use multiple organizational forms, simultaneously, to exploit non-traditional growth opportunities. Implementation considerations relevant to the recommended organizational forms are discussed within the specific product development process framework in a single, large firm. by Suresh Sunderrajan. S.M.

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Buisson, Bernard. "Essays on innovation management in established firms." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/233155.

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Abstract for Chapter 2:Most of the debate related to innovation now focuses on the disruption theory.This theory is the result of years of research and multiple contributions over the last forty years, the most important ones coming from Clayton Christensen.Still it comes with limitations. This paper therefore examines the usefulness of the theory compared with the contributions of the strategy literature.It concludes that the disruption theory is mostly descriptive, that using it as a prescriptive theory to build a strategy can be quite dangerous, and that incumbents could probably design more relevant strategies using contributions from the strategy literature. Abstract for Chapter 3:Innovation is widely recognized as a major driver of long-term corporate growth. Successful innovators who manage to dominate new markets enjoy Schumpeterian rents for their inventions. How then can a firm dominate a new market? Two streams of literature have proposed opposite answers to this question.The First Mover approach indicates that by setting up a strong differentiation strategy,companies are supposed to create a new area where profits abound. This approach issupported especially by Kim and Mauborgne (2004) who coined the term Blue Ocean to describe it.The Fast Second approach, defended by Markides and Geroski (2005), contends, onthe contrary, that companies should not try to become pioneers, but should target the newly created market in second position, and colonize it.But neither Blue Ocean nor Fast Second are able to convincingly explain successfulmarket domination. Our study of 24 innovation cases suggests that innovation which leads to market domination is instead achieved by using four kinds of breakthroughs, separately of simultaneously.Abstract for Chapter 4:The question addressed in this study is: "Is there a relationship between the level of R&D internationalization and the innovation performance?"Using a sample of 237 companies, representing 126,824 priority patents with country information, it turns out that no link can be found between innovation performance and the proportion of foreign R&D (the proportion of patents which were not invented in the company home country), but that innovation performance is positively related to the geographical dispersion of R&D (the number of countries where a given company invented patents), and that this relationship is statistically significant at the 1% level. This paper also discards the possibility of any reverse causality.Abstract for Chapter 5:This paper investigates the dynamics of innovation, profits and economic performance of multinational corporations. Using a panel of 1130 companies with financial data over a three-year period (2011, 2012 and 2013), this paper confirms that contemporaneous relationships exist between innovation performance and profits, but comes up with two unexpected results: 1) innovation performance is positively related to profits and 2) profits are negatively related to innovation performance.Models are estimated using alternative methods as suggested by the literature. The modelling methods are not implemented to suggest a simultaneous structure per se, and are implemented to mitigate concerns related to circularity (endogeneity) issues. Innovation performance and profits are used as independent variables including a proxy for economic performance as dependent variable. Empirically, this paper indicates that economic performance is positively related to both innovation performance and profits, and that this relationship is statistically significant at the 1% level. Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Taber, Terry R. (Terry Ray). "Innovation--keeping it alive at established technology firms." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10498.

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Winterscheid, Beverly Cesen. "Strategic innovation in established firms: the intersection of parallel logics." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1055959492.

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Leroy, Charlotte S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Radical and open innovation : the challenge for established firms." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90745.

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Thesis: S.M. in Management Studies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2014. Title as it appears in MIT commencement exercises program, June 6, 2014: Best practices in innovation centers. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (pages 37-40). Past research has shown that breakthrough innovations are often prevalent in the context of entrants rather than incumbents. There are many challenges associated with radical and open innovation initiatives for established firms. Innovation theory provides insights into one main challenge which is the definition of innovation and innovativeness itself especially with regards to its level of radicalism. The shift towards the paradigm of open innovation described by Chesbrough has made it even harder for established companies to set a strategy for managing innovation. This thesis draws on academic research as well as practitioners of innovation management recommendations to prescribe innovation strategies together with key success factors. It focuses on the case of "Innovation centers" - pockets of innovation-minded employees embedded in the larger structure. These innovation centers encompass different types of initiatives such as incubation and acceleration, rapid prototyping, identification of strategic partnerships, trend watching and ethnography. This thesis provides an illustration of innovation centers through a study of the organizational setup and challenges encountered by four innovation centers. by Charlotte Leroy. S.M. in Management Studies

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Zeschky, Marco. "Exploration for innovation : capability-based search approaches in established firms /." Lichtenberg : Harland Media, 2010. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3419781&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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Henriksen, Rosemary. "Established public practice firms, remaining competitive in a changing environment." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0017/MQ49183.pdf.

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Hill, Susan Anne d'Altera. "Exploration in large, established firms : idea generation and corporate venturing." Thesis, London Business School (University of London), 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.497845.

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Exploration - "experimentation with new alternatives" - presents an ongoing challenge to large, established firms. A myriad of inertial factors encourages firms, instead. to exploit their existing competences and paradigms, with adverse consequences for their long-term adaptability. Corporate entrepreneurship (CE) may, however, provide one avenue for incumbent firms to pursue exploration.

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Zeschky, Marco. "Exploration for innovation capability-based search approaches in established firms." Lichtenberg (Odw.) Harland Media, 2009. http://d-nb.info/999847120/04.

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Grönvik, Lovisa. "Circular Economy Experiments for Established Firms : A Business Model Perspective." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-299596.

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The circular economy has during the last decade gained traction within academia, politics, and business as it is expected to promote sustainable economic growth and tackle resource scarcity. Further, established firms have to be sustainable to create a future return and be competitive. The circular economy can help firms reduce their environmental impact from business activities and enhance the value of resources. Yet, there is a general lack of understanding of the actions leading towards a circular economy and how the adoption of circular economy principles generates value in a business context. The literature argues that through experimentation of circular novelties, established firms can take the first steps in their transition towards a circular business. This thesis aims to contribute with novel empirical data to the literature field of circular economy, strategic niche management, and business model, where the research questions are framed to address the following purpose: explore how established firms experiment with circular economy and how this experimentation influences the firms’ value proposition and creation. To understand its value chain, the firm must realize its context by adopting a meso-level perspective. Grounded on the empirical setting, the empirical findings and the discussion, an analysis allow us to conclude ten propositions of how circular economy experimentation unfold within firms and how circular economy implementation at the micro-level impact the value chain. The propositions can be divided into three areas of contributions. First, the findings contribute with knowledge on how circular experimentation evolves within the established firm. Second, the thesis contributes with an increased understanding of how the circular economy experimentation within the established firms is affected by the surrounding sectoral actors. Third, the study makes analytical contributions of how circular economy experiments within the established firms influence their value proposition, creation, and capture. Cirkulär ekonomi har under det senaste decenniet fått en stark attraktion inom den akademiska, politiska och industriella världen, eftersom den förväntas främja hållbar ekonomisk tillväxt och tackla den växande resursbristen. Fortsatt måste företag vara hållbara för att skapa framtida avkastning och för att vara konkurrenskraftiga. Dock finns det generellt en brist på förståelse för de åtgärder som leder till en cirkulär ekonomi samt hur implementeringen av cirkulär ekonomi principer genererar värde i ett affärssammanhang. Litteraturen hävdar att genom experimentering av cirkulära innovationer kan etablerade företag ta de första stegen i sin övergång till en cirkulär verksamhet. Avhandlingen syftar till att bidra med nya insikter till litteraturfältet cirkulär ekonomi, strategic niche management och affärsmodeller, där forskningsfrågorna är utformade för att adressera syftet med denna studie: utforska hur etablerade företag experimenterar med cirkulär ekonomi och hur detta påverkar företagens värde erbjudande och skapande. För att förstå dess värdekedja måste företag förstå sitt sammanhang genom att anta ett perspektiv på mesonivå. Den empiriska utformningen, de empiriska resultaten och diskussionen, tillåter oss att konkludera tio propositioner uppdelade i tre områden om hur experiment med cirkulär ekonomi utvecklas inom företag och hur implementering av cirkulär ekonomi på mikronivå påverkar värdekedjan. Således ger denna avhandling tre huvudsakliga bidrag. Först bidrar resultaten med kunskap om hur cirkulära experiment utvecklas inom det etablerade företaget. För det andra bidrar avhandlingen med en ökad förståelse för hur den cirkulär ekonomins experiment inom de etablerade företagen påverkas av de omgivande sektoriella aktörerna. För det tredje ger studien analytiska bidrag till hur experiment med cirkulär ekonomi inom de etablerade förtegen påverkas deras värde erbjudande, skapande och fångande.

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Lošek, David. "Jak si založit podnik." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-15710.

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This thesis aims to serve as a suitable material for future entrepreneurs who want to orientate quickly and reliably in the issue of starting a business in the legislative environment of the Czech Republic before making own decision to establish a company. The work is divided into two parts - first, theoretical and methodological, will explain all theoretical aspects regarding establishment of businesses in our country. The second part, analytical, will transfer these aspects into practice. On example of a fictional company the reader will be step by step acquainted with it's whole life cycle.

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Cao, Qing. "Navigating through extreme asymmetry partnerships between entrepreneurial ventures and established firms /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3800.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2006. Thesis research directed by: Business and Management. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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Erlich, Markus. "Developing new products in established firms : capability misfits and resolutions practices." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619839.

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Nomatovu, Rebecca. "Bricolage Behaviour in Small Established Firms Operating in Resource Constrained Environments." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/67298.

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The current descriptions of bricolage largely present it as a behaviour in new businesses in richer contexts. Therefore, more diverse context-specific explanations are needed in order to deepen our understanding of bricolage. While Bricolage behaviour has been largely explained in new businesses, in extremely constrained environments, even established firms use bricolage to mobilise resources. This study set out to contribute to the understanding of bricolage by exploring it in an extremely constrained context. Using an interpretivist paradigm, empirical evidence from 8 case studies was collected through in-depth interviews and each is presented in a rich, ‘thick’ description. Through inductive coding, data-driven themes that highlight the nuances of bricolage when settings are extremely poor were derived. The study examines the idiosyncrasies of bricolage behaviour in small established firms, found in poor settings, it finds that, everything is a resource that can be bricolaged. It also finds that there is varied intensity with which underlying constructs of bricolage- making do, using resources at hand and recombining resources are manifested throughout the entrepreneurial process. In the starting phases, making do dominates, in the surviving phase, using resources at hand becomes more prominent, while in the growing phase, recombining resources is prioritised. This suggests that in poor contexts, bricolage manifests as a process that occurs throughout the life of the business. Additionally, the study highlights the sub-processes of bricolage,-scavenging, buttressing and refining. It explains how they interact by showing that scavenging precedes making do, buttressing precedes using resources at hand and refining precedes recombination of resources. Moreover different resources are used varyingly along the bricolage process. Furthermore, it integrates bricolage with two concepts of adaptive persistence and community embeddedness. Adaptive persistence is an active and dynamic experimentation to meet new challenges with the aim of finally solving them. It is exhibited as continuous adjustment to absorb emerging environmental shocks. On the other hand, community embeddedness highlights the firms’ close connection and interface with its local community on activities beyond its core role. In turn, the community becomes both an active advocate and a customer of the firm. These behaviours facilitate firm development. This work contributes to the understanding of bricolage behaviour by showing that the sub processes are more elaborate in poor settings and that established firms adopt these sub-processes varyingly as they develop. Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2018. Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) PhD Unrestricted

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Gewerth, Max. "Etablerade och icke-etablerade : En analys av tre filmers framställning av sociala mönster." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-55805.

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Film is a media genre that spreads around the whole world. In other words, it is a media genre that many people take part of. Something else that most people has experience about is being part of a group, and often groupings with a power configuration between itself and other groups. Previous research show that groups that is established in a specific social context has a tendency to have an access to power over groups that are unestablished in that specific social context. Previous research also show that the way films portrait different social phenomena can both influence the society and get influenced by the society where it is produced. It is therefore relevant to study how film portraits the social patterns that occur when an individual is in a, for the individual, new social context and make contact with a group that is already established in the specific social context. This study aims to analyze how this is portrayed in three Swedish films: Micke och Veronica (2014), Ondskan (2003) and Rallybrudar (2008). The methodological basis in this study has been a combination of comparative research, content analysis and critical discourse analysis. In the analysis of this study Erving Goffman’s (2014) dramaturgical analysis and Donald Broady’s (1998) notion of capital have been used to analyze the three films. Through the analysis of the three films it has shown that all of these films portraits a change in the relationship between the established and the unestablished groups. The unestablished are at first not accepted by the established groups, but through integration and the unestablished symbolic assets the relationship transcends to an acceptance between the groups. Film är en mediegenre som sprids över hela världen. Det är med andra ord en mediegenre som många tar del av. Någonting annat som de flesta människor har erfarenhet av är att vara en del av en grupp, och då ofta grupper där det råder ett maktförhållande mellan den egna och den andra gruppen. Tidigare forskning visar att grupper som är etablerade i ett specifikt socialt sammanhang tenderar att ha ett maktövertag över grupper som är icke-etablerade i det specifika sociala sammanhanget. Tidigare forskning visar även att hur film framställer olika sociala fenomen både påverkar och påverkas av samhället där de produceras. Det är därför relevant att undersöka hur film framställer de sociala mönster som uppstår då en individ befinner sig i ett för individen nytt socialt sammanhang och kommer i kontakt med en grupp som redan är etablerad i det specifika sociala sammanhanget. Denna undersökning syftar till att undersöka hur detta framställs i tre svenska filmer: Micke och Veronica (2014), Ondskan (2003) och Rallybrudar (2008). Den metodologiska utgångspunkten i undersökningen har varit en kombination av komparativ metod, innehållsanalys och kritisk diskursanalys. I analysen i denna undersökning har Erving Goffmans (2014) dramaturgiska teori och Donald Broadys (1998) kapitalbegrepp använts för att analysera de tre filmerna. Genom analysen av de tre filmerna har det framgått att samtliga filmer skildrar en förändring i relationen mellan etablerade och icke-etablerade grupper. De icke-etablerade blir först inte accepterade av de etablerade grupperna, men genom integration och de icke-etablerades symboliska tillgångar övergår relationen till att innefatta acceptans mellan grupperna.

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Casselman, Thomas J. A. (Thomas James Arthur). "Beyond the lean startup : applying the lean startup methodology in established firms." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/105293.

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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2014. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (pages 60-62). The lean startup methodology has been successfully applied to product development at startup companies, however many of its principles may also be of benefit to established firms. The purpose of this research was to explore the benefits of the lean startup methodology in established organizations. An electronic survey was administered to product managers and engineers at 44 established companies from diverse industries as well as posted on relevant online community groups. Follow-up up interviews were conducted with select respondents for further in-depth analysis. A total of 44 individuals completed the survey and 5 follow-up interviews were conducted. Overall, 11 respondents (25%) reported use of the lean startup methodology at established firms. Success with the methodology was reported in 6 cases. A high proportion of respondents (66%) were not familiar with the method; however, did report use of specific principles aligned with the lean startup method. Results also suggested that use of the methodology was more frequent in environments with high uncertainty and in companies less than 20 years old. Interview results corroborated survey findings and highlighted barriers to implementation. The findings of this work suggest that the lean startup methodology may provide benefit to established firms, however the application of this method in this context is in its infancy. Implications for best practice and directions for future research are also discussed. by Thomas J. A. Casselman. S.M. in Engineering and Management

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Tao, Lan. "Developing a framework for depicting the radical innovation process in established firms." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609332.

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Toschi, Laura <1980&gt. "Corporate Venture Capital: How established firms use external resources to create new competencies." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1642/.

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This Doctoral Dissertation is triggered by an emergent trend: firms are increasingly referring to investments in corporate venture capital (CVC) as means to create new competencies and foster the search for competitive advantage through the use of external resources. CVC is generally defined as the practice by non-financial firms of placing equity investments in entrepreneurial companies. Thus, CVC can be interpreted (i) as a key component of corporate entrepreneurship - acts of organizational creation, renewal, or innovation that occur within or outside an existing organization– and (ii) as a particular form of venture capital (VC) investment where the investor is not a traditional and financial institution, but an established corporation. My Dissertation, thus, simultaneously refers to two streams of research: corporate strategy and venture capital. In particular, I directed my attention to three topics of particular relevance for better understanding the role of CVC. In the first study, I moved from the consideration that competitive environments with rapid technological changes increasingly force established corporations to access knowledge from external sources. Firms, thus, extensively engage in external business development activities through different forms of collaboration with partners. While the underlying process common to these mechanisms is one of knowledge access, they are substantially different. The aim of the first study is to figure out how corporations choose among CVC, alliance, joint venture and acquisition. I addressed this issue adopting a multi-theoretical framework where the resource-based view and real options theory are integrated. While the first study mainly looked into the use of external resources for corporate growth, in the second work, I combined an internal and an external perspective to figure out the relationship between CVC investments (exploiting external resources) and a more traditional strategy to create competitive advantage, that is, corporate diversification (based on internal resources). Adopting an explorative lens, I investigated how these different modes to renew corporate current capabilities interact to each other. More precisely, is CVC complementary or substitute to corporate diversification? Finally, the third study focused on the more general field of VC to investigate (i) how VC firms evaluate the patent portfolios of their potential investee companies and (ii) whether the ability to evaluate technology and intellectual property varies depending on the type of investors, in particular for what concern the distinction between specialized versus generalist VCs and independent versus corporate VCs. This topic is motivated by two observations. First, it is not clear yet which determinants of patent value are primarily considered by VCs in their investment decisions. Second, VCs are not all alike in terms of technological experiences and these differences need to be taken into account.

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Müller, Kathrin Marie [Verfasser], and Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] Biewen. "Human Capital in Newly Established Firms - Four Empirical Investigations / Kathrin Marie Müller ; Betreuer: Martin Biewen." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1162277998/34.

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Staerkle, Charles. "Real estate advisory services : is internationalization the key for long-term success of established firms?" Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70261.

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Charitou, Constantinos D. "The response of established firms to disruptive strategic innovation : empirical evidence from Europe and North America." Thesis, London Business School (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249641.

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Kinski, Alexander [Verfasser], and Christoph [Akademischer Betreuer] Bode. "Buyer-supplier relationships between established firms and startups from a procurement perspective / Alexander Kinski ; Betreuer: Christoph Bode." Mannheim : Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1233202723/34.

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Eckman, Lovisa, and Lundgren Philip. "How Do Fintech Firms Establish Themselves on The Financial Market? : A Qualitative Study of Swedish Fintech Firms." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Handelshögskolan (from 2013), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-85486.

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Over the last decade, the growth of new Fintech firms has increased significantly. However, when Fintech firms enter the financial market they are met by several obstacles, including the barriers erected by incumbent banks, difficulties obtaining financing and the challenge of gaining the trust of the market. This thesis aims to describe how Swedish Fintech firms work together with, or against, the incumbent banks, how they raise capital and what kind of challenges they experience when raising capital and how they work to gain the trust of potential investors, partners and customers. In this thesis it was found that Swedish Fintech firms do not close their doors to cooperation with the incumbent banks, as in exchange for helping the banks with their technology they can get access to banks' customer base and help with regards to costs. The Fintech firms did however think cooperation was less likely to happen if the incumbent banks did not open their mindset and make their processes more effective. Developing the banks’ technology is something the Fintech firms recognize that they can help with. When it comes to gaining the trust of the market, Fintech firms strive to deliver good customer experience, show earlier accomplishments and build legitimacy. The biggest challenge that Fintech firms encounter is the lack of having a known brand on the market and trying to build a name for themselves from scratch. It was found that most of the firms raise capital through private equity even if many of the interviewed firms raise capital as well through indebtedness. Challenges these firms encounter when it comes to raising capital is to mediate their true potential and vision to the investors and to find investors that can help the firm in more ways than just with monetary support. At the same time it was discovered that a few firms did not have any problem finding investors because of their already good network and experience.

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Löfqvist, Lars. "Product innovation in small established enterprises : Managing processes and resource scarcity." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-139064.

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This thesis examines product innovation processes in small established enterprises. The research questions are: (1) what motivates small established enterprises to innovate, (2) how do small established enterprises perform product innovation, and (3) how do small established enterprises manage resource scarcity in their product innovation processes? To answer the research questions, a multiple case study approach was chosen with three small established enterprises as cases and different product innovation processes as embedded units of study. The data collection method used was observation during a period of five months, complemented by interviews and secondary data. Product innovation in small established enterprises seems to be motivated by solving existing customers’ problems and the need for a sustained steady cash flow. A steady cash flow is also found to be a prerequisite during the product innovation processes. Product innovation seems to occur when there is a risk of decreased cash flow and/or when existing customers can be satisfied with new products that increase their loyalty so as to secure future sales, cash flow, and the enterprise’s survival in the long run. Promising innovation ideas alone do not result in product innovation. An innovation idea must also have supportive existing customers for product innovation to occur. Product innovation processes in the studied small established enterprises are found highly context dependent, intertwined in operational processes and made possible by a small organic organization and closeness to existing customers. The product innovation processes are further found to follow a flexible and informal overall scheme optimized for decreasing market and technology uncertainty and risk, dealing with resource scarcity, and facilitating fast and easy commercialization to avoid or moderate dips in cash flow. The design processes within the innovation processes can be linearly structured or cyclical and experimental, depending on the experienced novelty. To manage resource scarcity during the product innovation processes, the studied small enterprises used many different bootstrapping methods in combination. These methods can be divided into three categories according to their overall functions: for using existing resources more efficiently, for increasing resources and to secure a fast payback on resources invested in NPD. The studied small enterprises were due to their resource scarcity further found to favor an innovation strategy, only involving new products done with known technology and targeting existing markets. This way to innovate, which creates new products in a resource-efficient way that are accepted by the enterprises’ existing markets, seems to prevent unsuccessful product innovation, while at the same time excluding technologically radical innovation and innovation targeting new markets. QC 20140102

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Hensley, Stephen Michael. "Labor-management training programs established and funded through collective bargaining agreements at firms employing 1000 or more persons." Diss., This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-160637/.

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Höglund, Linda. "Discursive practices in strategic entrepeneurship : discourses and the use of repertoires in two firms." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro Universitet, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-27577.

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This is a thesis in marketing concerned with entrepreneurship in established firms and the discursive practices that take place within a perspective of strategic entrepreneurship. The study of discursive practices in this context assumes a concern with how different aspects of entrepreneurship are produced and consumed by people in text and talk. Strategic entrepreneurship can be seen as an organisational form of entrepreneurship. The latest contribution within strategic entrepreneurship tends to focus on opportunities and advantages in organisations as two processes that need to be considered and managed jointly. In this thesis, I have studied the discursive practices of how scholars position strategic entrepreneurship through an enhanced literature review and by means of a close analysis of assumptions made within strategic entrepreneurship, but also by studying two firms and their discursive practices of constructing opportunity and advantage positions. The results have then been analysed with reference to discourse theory and previous research within entrepreneurship based on European traditions that builds on the linguistic turn. By conducting an empirical study of two firms, I have studied discourses in use, and how they are produced by people. In so doing, two main findings emerge in the discussion of the empirical results: 1) Opportunity and advantage positions emerge in social interaction and are co-constructed. 2) Opportunity and advantage positions are constructed by the use of multiple discourses, on different levels of discourse and for different functions. The main purpose of the thesis is to enhance the understanding of entrepreneurship in established firms and the activities labelled as strategic entrepreneurship. In addressing the purpose, seven theoretical, methodological and empirical contributions to research emerge in areas of strategic entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship and the enterprising self.

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Bäckman, Emma, and Josefin Ellmarker. "Capturing Business Model Innovation Driven by the Emergence of New Technologies in Established Firms : A Case Study at Siemens Healthineers." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-37130.

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Background: It is argued that the emergence of new technologies and the digitalization can improve the healthcare, make it more efficient, personalized and available for everyone. The healthcare has already begun to become more digitized and there is no doubt that this trend will continue. Moreover, it is argued that AI will have a major impact on the MedTech and healthcare industry. Problem discussion: To stay competitive it has been concluded that firms must update and rethink their business models constantly thus, to undertake business model innovation. This applies specially to established firms that have been successful with the same business model for a long time. Despite the fact that the existing literature addresses the importance of business model innovation, very little attention has been drawn to how to actually achieve this change. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore how business models in established firms within the MedTech industry develops over time due to the emergence of new technologies. More specifically, we focus on how artificial intelligence is influencing and will influence the business models in the MedTech industry. Methodology: This study has been performed through a single case study at Siemens Healthineers. The primary data has been gathered through four meetings with people with expertise in the field of artificial intelligence as well as the MedTech and healthcare industry. Further, through 14 interviews with employees at Siemens Healthineers in Sweden as well as through four verifying interviews with other actors within the MedTech industry. In addition, secondary data from the period 1998-2017 has been gathered through 20 annual reports from Siemens AG, 10 annual reports from Siemens AB, 9 documents found on Siemens Healthineers’s website and 46 different websites. Findings: Several events have been identified which have contributed to business model innovation at Siemens Healthineers. Thus, 19 events have been identified between 1960-2000 and 21 events have been identified between 2000-2018. Further, three business models at Siemens Healthineers from the past, the present and the future is presented to visualize the business model innovation process. The trustworthiness of the findings is ensured by four verifying interviews with other actors within the MedTech and healthcare industry. Conclusion: Business model innovation at Siemens Healthineers has been a process of incremental changes over time. Further, it can be concluded that the firm has used both a planned and an emergent approach of change to achieve business model innovation. Keywords: Business models, business model innovation, process, events, new technologies, established firms, medtech, healthcare

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Brattlöf, Linus, and Ida Mbenga. "The Relationship Between Corporate Taxation And R&D Investments : A quantitative study of R&D expenditure in U.S. firms when subjected to reductions in corporate taxation." Thesis, Jönköping University, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-52772.

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Corporate taxation is a very politicized topic, and policymakers have different perspectives on what level of corporate tax rate yields the optimal outcome for research and innovation activity. The argument is divided where one side believes that corporate taxation and R&D activity has a negative relationship, which implies that a decrease in corporate taxation yields a better outcome for firms’ R&D activity. Whilst the other side believes that there exists a positive relationship, implying that the prevailing strategy is to increase corporate taxes to further encourage R&D activity. Therefore, the inherent purpose of this study focuses on the effect that corporate taxation has on the U.S corporate environment, whilst researching to understand the two polarized perspectives on corporate taxation and discover which perspective appears more prominent. To succeed in this regard, this study extracts internal financial information from firms located in the U.S states, by comparing the corporate tax change that the Trump administration implemented in 2018. Enabling this research study to compare firms’ R&D expenditure during the pre-tax reform (2017) with the post-tax reform (2018), indicating a firm’s differences in R&D expenditure. The difference-in-difference method was used with a total sample size of 71 firms, which uses a control group and a treatment group to negate macro-environmental disruptions to indicate the accurate effects of the tax policy change. The results state that companies that experienced a reduction in corporate taxes raised their R&D expenditure, approximately by 11.60%. This showed that there was a very large increase in R&D activity when corporate taxation was significantly lowered, which would support the literature’s findings that suggested the existence of a negative relationship. However, the research yielded a result that would indicate that the 11.60% increase was not a statistically significant result and that further studies need to be conducted.

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Ozkurt, Zeynep. "Induction Of Embryogenic Tissue From Immature Zygotic Embryos In Pinus Nigra Subspecies Pallasiana Lamb." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607615/index.pdf.

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Cloning of trees using somatic embryogenesis could have a major impact on tree breeding and commercial plantation forestry. To initiate somatic embryogenesis in Anatolian black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold. subspecies pallasiana), one-year old cones containing immature seeds were collected from eight trees located in METU campus, Ankara. Embryogenic tissues were derived from immature zygotic embryos excised from the seeds. The zygotic embryos at the time of collection were at the precotyledonary stage of development. For this study, Douglas-fir cotyledon revised medium (DCR) supplemented with 13.6&micro M 2,4-D, 2.2&micro M BAP, 0.5 g/L casein hydrolysate, 0.25 g/L L-glutamine and 3% sucrose was used. The media was solidified with 0.2% gelrite. Embryogenic tissue initiation was calculated for each genotype and collection date. Overall initiation frequencies were recorded as 0.92% for 2004 and 1.96% for 2005. Highest initiation frequency was calculated for 5-July 2005 sampling time (4.06). ANOVA revealed significant differences between trees and collection date for initiation frequencies. Also, ECL (Established cell lines) recorded after five subcultures. Overall, 0.38% and 0.62% of the initial explants were converted into ECLs for 2004 and 2005 respectively.

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Walton, Nigel. "The extent to which data-rich firms operating two-sided platform-ecosystem business models are able to use data to gain an innovation advantage over established one-sided companies." Thesis, Coventry University, 2017. http://eprints.worc.ac.uk/6313/.

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It is the purpose of the dissertation to explore the extent to which data-rich firms operating two-sided platform-ecosystem business models are able to use data to gain an innovation advantage over established one-sided companies. The dissertation begins with an analysis of business model theory and identifies two viewpoints based on the static and transformational perspectives. The transformational perspective is analysed in more depth and how data is playing a key role in creating an innovation advantage for two-sided platform ecosystem firms. A detailed explanation of how the platform ecosystem model works in provided in addition to a definition of the four platform typologies and how they compare and contrast with the one-sided business model. This is followed by a critique of the resource-based view of strategy and the relevance of dynamic capabilities, the knowledge-based view and the value chain approaches to strategy. A comprehensive innovation audit questionnaire (based on a sample of one hundred companies) is used to test whether the two-sided firms have a data-driven innovation advantage over the one-sided firms or not. The results reveal a clear innovation advantage for the two-sided firms who score consistently higher marks across all the dimensions of the innovation audit survey.

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Abu, Zeid Houda, and Tanya Syed. "Key Business Services within Open Innovation Collaboration between Startups and large established Firms : A multiple case study of the value offering of Swedish corporate accelerators and incubators from a startup perspective." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-264057.

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Open innovation is a term that has become popularised over the years, due to changes in how business is done as a result of globalisation and digital transformation. Efforts are being made by incumbent companies to collaborate with external parties to a greater extent, and at the same time, the startup landscape has contributed with new technologies and innovations that in some cases have disrupted markets. A collaboration between large companies and startups can bring about positive synergies since these two types of organisations are different and have the possibility to complement each other. This master thesis looks into the outside-in model of open innovation, specifically examining corporate accelerator programs and incubation hubs from a startup perspective. The following research explores what key services that are offered within these corporate programs and how they can be improved according to startups that have previously partaken in them. This research is a qualitative study with an abductive approach. As part of the research, 10 semi-structured, in-depth interviews were held with representatives from a variety of startups. The major services desired by the interviewees to be included in corporate-run startup programs range from access to internal and external networks to putting more focus on a variety of funding alternatives. Early-stage startups expressed the desire of receiving help with understanding their market and customers. The key improvement areas brought up by the startup companies included the presence of internal champions that can help speed up certain processes and act as a facilitator for important meetings. Many startups point to the importance of having the influence to customize their program experience. In addition, accelerator and incubator employees with previous entrepreneurial experience are considered very helpful by the startups since they can grasp the struggles of the startup in a better way. Furthermore, to have more financing opportunities is desirable. Genom åren har öppen innovation blivit alltmer populariserad,på grund av förändringar i hur affärer görs till följd av globalisering och digital transformation. Stora företag satsar i större utsträckning på att samarbeta med externa parter, och samtidigt har startup ekosystemet bidragit till ny och radikal teknologi och innovationer som har rubbat vissa marknader. Ett öppen innovation-samarbete mellan ett stort företag och en startup kan bidra positiva synergier eftersom dessa två typer av organisationer är olika och har möjlighet att komplettera varandra. Detta examensarbete undersöker den så kallade outside-in modell för öppen innovation, mer specifikt undersöks företagsacceleratorer och företagsinkubatorer från ett startup-perspektiv. Följande forskning undersöker vilka nyckeltjänster som erbjuds inom dessa företagsprogram och hur de kan förbättras enligt startups som tidigare har deltagit i dem. Denna studie är en kvalitativ studie med en abduktiv ansats. Som en del av forskningen hölls 10 semistrukturerade djupintervjuer med representanter från en rad olika startups. De viktigaste tjänsterna som eftertraktas av intervjuobjekten som del av företagsacceleratorer och företagsinkubatorer gäller tillgång till interna och externa nätverk, som i sin tur kan förse tillgång till flera olika finansieringsalternativ. Startups som befinner sig i en tidig utvecklingsfas uttryckte en önskan att få hjälp med att förstå deras marknad och kunder. Förbättringsområden som identifierades av startupföretagen omfattar förekomsten av internal champions, som kan hjälpa till att påskynda vissa processer och som kan facilitera viktiga möten. Många startups pekar på vikten av att ha inflytande över att anpassa sin programupplevelse. Dessutom är accelerator- och inkubatormedarbetare med tidigare entreprenöriell erfarenhet väldigt eftertraktade, eftersom de kan förstå sig på startupföretagen på ett bättre sätt. Vidare, är det önskvärt att ha fler finansieringsmöjligheter.

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Huotari, N. (Noora). "Recycling of wood- and peat-ash – a successful way to establish full plant cover and dense birch stand on a cut-away peatland." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2011. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514295324.

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Abstract Mechanical harvesting of peat changes the original mire ecosystem completely, and without active measures these areas may remain non-vegetated even for decades. Afforestation is one of the most popular after-use options for cut-away peatlands in Finland since it has both economic and aesthetic values. Recycling of wood-ash as a fertilizer has been studied extensively in peatlands drained for forestry. Wood-ash is reported to promote tree growth in these areas without any significant negative impact to the environment and could, therefore, be a suitable option also on cut-away peatlands. However, the environmental effects of ash-fertilization on cut-away areas and on ground vegetation are not fully understood. The impact of wood- and peat-ash application on the early establishment of ground vegetation and downy birch (Betula pubescens) seedlings and on post-fertilization element concentrations in plants and peat substrate were studied in a cut-away peatland. Six treatments of wood-ash, peat-ash, biotite or Forest PK-fertilizer were replicated in three blocks in different mixtures and quantities corresponding to 50 kg ha-1 of phosphorus. All the fertilizers accelerated the revegetation of the bare peat surface significantly, whereas the establishment of plants in the unfertilized area was non-existent even several years after the peat harvesting had ceased. The most striking difference between the wood- and peat-ash-fertilizers and the commercial Forest PK-fertilizer was the extensive coverage of fire-loving moss species in all the areas where ash was spread. Wood- and peat-ash application also accelerated the germination and early establishment of downy birch seedlings more efficiently than the PK-fertilizer. Ground vegetation proved to be highly important in increasing the early biomass production and carbon sequestration on ash-fertilized cut-away peatland. In addition, the below-ground biomass was equal to the above-ground biomass, or even greater. Both wood- and peat-ash fertilization ensured an adequate level of nutrients for the early establishment of ground vegetation and birch seedlings in a cut-away peatland. The mosses and herbaceous plants proved to have a major role in retaining the nutrients and heavy metals that otherwise might have leached away from the ash-fertilized cut-away site during the early stages of the afforestation. Although both wood- and peat-ash proved to be suitable for the initial fertilization of afforested cut-away peatlands, a later application of nutrients may be needed to guarantee the growth in a energy-wood stand of downy birch over its entire rotation Tiivistelmä Turvetuotannon päätyttyä jäljelle jäävä suopohja on aluksi täysin paljas ja vailla maaperän siemenpankkia. Kasvipeitteen luontainen uudistuminen voi viedä jopa vuosikymmeniä. Ympäristönhoidollisesti onkin tärkeää, että suopohjat otetaan uuteen käyttöön mahdollisimman nopeasti tuotannon päätyttyä. Metsitys on tällä hetkellä suosituin suopohjien jälkikäyttömuoto Suomessa. Suopohjan turpeessa on tyypillisesti runsaasti typpeä, mutta niukasti muita kasvuun tarvittavia ravinteita. Puutuhka on osoittautunut pitkäaikaisissa metsäojitettujen turvemaiden tutkimuksissa kilpailukykyiseksi vaihtoehdoksi kaupallisille lannoitteille. Energiantuotannon sivutuotteena syntyvä puu- ja turvetuhka voisi soveltua hyvin myös suopohjien lannoitteeksi. Tuhkan käytöstä lannoitteena turvetuotannosta vapautuneilla suopohjilla ei kuitenkaan ole riittävästi tutkimustietoa. Tässä työssä tutkittiin puu- ja turvetuhkan vaikutuksia turvetuotannosta vapautuneen suopohjan kasvittumiseen ja puun taimien alkukehitykseen viiden ensimmäisen kasvukauden ajan. Lisäksi tutkittiin kasvillisuuden ravinne- ja raskasmetallipitoisuuksien muutoksia sekä turpeen ravinteisuutta lannoituksen jälkeen. Kaikki lannoitteet nopeuttivat merkittävästi kasvillisuuden muodostumista paljaalle suopohjalle, kun taas lannoittamaton alue pysyi kasvittomana. Tuhkalannoitetuille alueille syntyi nopeasti laajoja palopaikoilla viihtyvien pioneerisammalten kasvustoja, jotka peittivät ja samalla sitoivat paljaan ja irtonaisen turvemaan pinnan. Tuhkalannoitus edisti myös koivun taimien alkukehitystä tehokkaammin kuin kaupallinen Metsän PK-lannoite. Sammalista ja ruohovartisista kasveista muodostuva aluskasvillisuus ylitti puuntaimet selvästi biomassan määrässä ja toimi metsityksen alkuvaiheessa puuntaimia merkittävämpänä hiilensitojana. Lisäksi kasvien maanalainen biomassa oli maanpäällistä biomassaa suurempi. Sekä puu- että turvetuhka takasivat riittävän määrän ravinteita energiapuumetsikön alkukehitykselle. Aluskasvillisuus osoittautui tärkeäksi tuhkasta liukenevien ravinteiden ja raskasmetallien sitojaksi metsityksen alkuvaiheessa. Vaikka sammalten kadmiumpitoisuudet nousivat tuhkalannoituksen seurauksena, ne olivat kuitenkin alhaisia Suomessa aiemmin mitattuihin sammalten yleisiin pitoisuuksiin suhteutettuna. Tuhkalannoitus ei lisännyt haitallisten raskasmetallien pitoisuuksia koivun taimien ja ruohovartisten kasvien lehdissä ja varsissa. Tutkimuksen tulokset tukevat puu- ja turvetuhkan käyttöä energiapuumetsiköiden alkuvaiheen lannoitteena turvetuotannosta vapautuneilla suopohjilla

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45

Lucas, D. Pulane. "Disruptive Transformations in Health Care: Technological Innovation and the Acute Care General Hospital." VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2996.

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Advances in medical technology have altered the need for certain types of surgery to be performed in traditional inpatient hospital settings. Less invasive surgical procedures allow a growing number of medical treatments to take place on an outpatient basis. Hospitals face growing competition from ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs). The competitive threats posed by ASCs are important, given that inpatient surgery has been the cornerstone of hospital services for over a century. Additional research is needed to understand how surgical volume shifts between and within acute care general hospitals (ACGHs) and ASCs. This study investigates how medical technology within the hospital industry is changing medical services delivery. The main purposes of this study are to (1) test Clayton M. Christensen’s theory of disruptive innovation in health care, and (2) examine the effects of disruptive innovation on appendectomy, cholecystectomy, and bariatric surgery (ACBS) utilization. Disruptive innovation theory contends that advanced technology combined with innovative business models—located outside of traditional product markets or delivery systems—will produce simplified, quality products and services at lower costs with broader accessibility. Consequently, new markets will emerge, and conventional industry leaders will experience a loss of market share to “non-traditional” new entrants into the marketplace. The underlying assumption of this work is that ASCs (innovative business models) have adopted laparoscopy (innovative technology) and their unification has initiated disruptive innovation within the hospital industry. The disruptive effects have spawned shifts in surgical volumes from open to laparoscopic procedures, from inpatient to ambulatory settings, and from hospitals to ASCs. The research hypothesizes that: (1) there will be larger increases in the percentage of laparoscopic ACBS performed than open ACBS procedures; (2) ambulatory ACBS will experience larger percent increases than inpatient ACBS procedures; and (3) ASCs will experience larger percent increases than ACGHs. The study tracks the utilization of open, laparoscopic, inpatient and ambulatory ACBS. The research questions that guide the inquiry are: 1. How has ACBS utilization changed over this time? 2. Do ACGHs and ASCs differ in the utilization of ACBS? 3. How do states differ in the utilization of ACBS? 4. Do study findings support disruptive innovation theory in the hospital industry? The quantitative study employs a panel design using hospital discharge data from 2004 and 2009. The unit of analysis is the facility. The sampling frame is comprised of ACGHs and ASCs in Florida and Wisconsin. The study employs exploratory and confirmatory data analysis. This work finds that disruptive innovation theory is an effective model for assessing the hospital industry. The model provides a useful framework for analyzing the interplay between ACGHs and ASCs. While study findings did not support the stated hypotheses, the impact of government interventions into the competitive marketplace supports the claims of disruptive innovation theory. Regulations that intervened in the hospital industry facilitated interactions between ASCs and ACGHs, reducing the number of ASCs performing ACBS and altering the trajectory of ACBS volume by shifting surgeries from ASCs to ACGHs.

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Yueh, Tzu-Tsen, and 樂姿岑. "An Exploratory Study on Corporate Entrepreneurship in an Established Firm." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33203210839162930393.

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碩士 國立臺灣大學 國際企業學研究所 93 Managing business growth has been a central task of corporate mangers and a crucial issue of research in the field of strategic management. Among various issues of growth strategy, corporate entrepreneurship becomes a critical challenge to corporate managers within the context of established firms. Facing hypercompetitive markets and changing technologies, a firm has to ensure that the existing organization can create new elements of growth and hence sustain its competitive advantages. The purpose of this research is to undertake an exploratory study to identify elements underlying corporate entrepreneurship and how these elements can be converted into entrepreneurial activities and hence corporate growth. Base on a qualitative research approach on two business development projects of a leading industrial PC company, Advantech, we are able to inductively conclude managerial lessons to the research question. As corporate entrepreneurship is a multifacet phenomenon, we identify four critical elements of corporate entrepreneurship: they are the relatedness of business, ownership and control, resource allocation, social relationship. With these four elements in mind, we then identify four major purposes leading toward new business building; they are pursuing future profit, reducing risk of technological competition, enhancing vertical control and sustaining core competence. Based on this matrix of venturing goals and elements of management, the parent company could undertake contingent approach to different corporate venturing cases. In other words, different venturing goal shall determine the management relationship between the parent firm and the venturing units. More specifically, when the venturing unit is a new startup, parent firm would be better to reduce the extent of its ownership and control, support with non-financial resources and enhance social linkage. It is recommendable to help the venturing unit to build competitive advantage in the market and eventually merge with the parent firm.

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PAO, CHUN-YU, and 包純瑜. "The Impact of Innovation ability on Firm Performance: The Comparison between New Ventures and Established Firms." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/zdar5n.

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碩士 東海大學 會計學系 104 This study examines the relationship between innovation capability and firm performance for Taiwan’s listed semiconductor industry companies that applied for patents in the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office (USPTO) within the period from 2000 to 2012. I also employ depth of innovation, breadth of innovation and speed of innovation as the measure of innovation capability, and apply the Propensity Score Matching to remedy the inadequacies of sample selection bias. The main findings are as follows: (1) Innovation breadth and fast innovation can enhance financial performance, but deep innovation will reduce financial performance. (2) The new ventures with broad and fast innovation are more positively associated with firm performance than the established firms.

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Hong, Yu-Syuan, and 洪羽璇. "The Influence of Residual Debt Capability, Firm Size, and Established Years on Investment of Taiwan Electronic Industry." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5scswt.

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碩士 國立臺中科技大學 財務金融研究所碩士班 107 This paper aims to explore the influence of residual debt-bearing capacity, firm size and establishment time on the corporate investment expenditure rate. The listed companies in Taiwan electronic industry were taken as the samples for the analysis. In order to compare the differences in the efficiency of corporative investment, grouping in this paper was made by the reasons of the size of the company and the time of establishment of the company. The empirical results show that the remaining debt-raising capacity has a significant negative influence on the investment expenditure rate of enterprises. The marginal effect (absolute value) of the Residual debt capacity of listed companies is greater than that of the upper-counter enterprises. The marginal effect (absolute value) of the Residual debt capacity of large enterprises is greater than that of small enterprises. The marginal effect (absolute value) of the Residual debt capacity of mature enterprises is greater than that of young enterprises.

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Vermaut, David. "CEO overconfidence and the influence on firm innovation: s study about well-established multinationals during 2008-2016." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/39719.

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Previous research has mainly investigated the effect of CEO overconfidence on financial outcomes. However, only little research has been conducted about the influence of CEO overconfidence on firm innovation. Moreover, no studies have examined when CEO background characteristics such as tenure and power distance, influence the latter relationship. Consequently, the purpose of this master’s thesis is to analyze the impact of CEO overconfidence on firm innovation, and to explore whether tenure and power distance influence this relationship. Using shareholder letters to measure overconfidence, the results indicate that over the 2008-2016 period, CEO overconfidence positively influences firm innovation for well established-multinationals active in non-innovative industries. Nonetheless, for well-established multinationals in innovative industries, there exists no relationship between CEO overconfidence and innovation. Furthermore, in line with the theoretical research, the findings demonstrate a negative moderating impact of tenure in both innovative and non-innovative industries. Unlike CEO tenure, the influence of CEO power distance could not be investigated due to correlational issues with both CEO overconfidence and CEO tenure. By highlighting the importance of CEO overconfidence in explaining a valuable organizational outcome such as firm innovation and by unveiling the moderating impact of CEO tenure, the thesis contributes to the existing upper-echelons and tone-at-the-top literature.

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Becker, Christine A. "An industrial history of established Hollywood film actors on fifties prime time television /." 2001. http://www.library.wisc.edu/databases/connect/dissertations.html.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Established firm'

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