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Books on the topic 'Established methods'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

The factory of the future: Socio-technical investment management : European methods : final report of the working party established by the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, 1990. The Foundation, 1992.

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2

Wong, Jimmy Pak-Yen. A diameter based method to establish virtual paths in ATM networks. National Library of Canada, 1994.

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3

Marco, Gary L. Methods used to establish score comparability on the enhanced ACT assessment and the SAT. College Entrance Examination Board, 1992.

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4

Björkin, Mats. Postwar Industrial Media Culture in Sweden, 1945-1960. Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462984929.

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During the 1950s, companies aiming for international markets demanded new theories and methods of communication. Ideas regarding cybernetics, systems analysis, new accounting practices, and budgetary principles as well as theories of information, communication, marketing, public relations, and organization were discussed at conferences, seminars, and courses, and in articles and books. At the same time, new technologies changed corporate communication, from a loose-leaf accounting system to mechanical and electronic business machines, from written texts and oral presentations to slide shows, audio tapes, films, television, and flannelgraphs. By looking at a vast array of objects and relations related to uses of media technologies in Swedish industry from the end of World War II to the breakthrough of television, this book shows what happened in the glitches between mass communication and interaction, and how Swedish postwar industry worked to disrupt established understandings of communication.
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5

Schriek, Max. Archaeological Approaches to and Heritage Perspectives on Modern Conflict. Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463729857.

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From a wider disciplinary perspective, modern conflict archaeology is now a thoroughly established and mature sub-discipline. However, a significant problem conflict archaeologists in the Netherlands face is that modern eras, including both World Wars, have so far not received serious attention. Although both World Wars appeal strongly to the popular imagination, until recently Dutch researchers had not approached modern conflict from an academic archaeological perspective to any great extent. This is partly the result of problematic legislation on archaeological activity in the Netherlands. When applied and interpreted appropriately, archaeology can play an important role in the preservation, contemporary experience and historical reconstruction of recent conflicts. However, as this book argues, research methods other than excavations will be needed in order to conduct conflict archaeology in the Netherlands effectively. This study aims to develop a Dutch approach to conflict archaeology, integrating archaeology, heritage research and history at a landscape scale.
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6

Oden, Thomas C. The trust clause governing use of property in the United Methodist Church: Faithfulness to the Connection according to established doctrinal standards. The Scriptorium, 2002.

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7

Widmer, Kirsten. Workshops that work: 30 days of mini-lessons that help launch and establish all important routines for an effective reading and writing workshop. Scholastic Inc., 2004.

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8

Romanov, Aleksandr. Penal law of the Russian Federation: General and Special parts. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/925785.

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The focus is on the subject and objectives of penal law of the Russian Federation, its sources and methods, types of penal norms, history and types of penal systems, the provisions of the Criminal Executive code of the Russian Federation, other penal laws and normative legal acts on the activities of bodies in charge of execution of punishments, exercising control and supervision over conditionally sentenced persons and persons with a suspended sentence. The characteristic of organization and activity of criminal-Executive system of the Russian Federation, highlights the issues of its reforms. Detail the issues of legal status of convicts established the order and conditions of execution and serving sentences, the use of other measures of criminal-legal nature, means of correction of convicts, providing medical care to prisoners, the performance requirements for the serving of sentences, organisation of support of liberated and control over them.
 Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation.
 For students of law faculties of educational institutions of higher education, enrolled in the academic programs of bachelor, specialist, master and post-graduate students, teachers, practical workers of law enforcement bodies and all those interested in issues of corrections, legal status of prisoners, the penal laws and the application of other measures of criminal-legal nature.
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9

Diffily, Deborah. Teaching effective classroom routines: Establish structure in the classroom to foster children's learning, from the first day of school and all through the year. Scholastic, 2004.

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10

Fuster, Valentin, Albert Lardo, Zahi A. Fayad, and Nicolas Chronos. Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance: Established and Emerging Applications. Informa Healthcare, 2004.

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11

Albert, Lardo, ed. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance: Established and emerging applications. Martin Dunitz, 2003.

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12

Andriopoulos, Constantine, and Manto Gotsi. Methods of Paradox. Edited by Wendy K. Smith, Marianne W. Lewis, Paula Jarzabkowski, and Ann Langley. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198754428.013.26.

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Despite growing scholarly interest in paradoxes, there is still a lack of literature expressly engaging with the methodological mechanics of “doing” paradox research. First, there are no clearly established guidelines around what should count as paradox in research endeavours. Second, there is uncertainty around who sees/thinks/experiences the paradox and what is relevant when it comes to the emergence, choice, interpretation, and appropriation of paradoxes in empirical settings. Third, there is still confusion around where one can find evidence of paradoxes. This chapter aims to shed some light on these methodological shortcomings. It suggests that paradox researchers can deal with these methodological challenges by: 1) showing evidence of contradictory, interrelated, simultaneous, and persistent paradoxical tensions in the empirical setting, 2) developing reliable and flexible protocols for paradox identification, 3) pushing for multilevel paradox studies, 4) practicing reflexivity, 5) staying close to the context, and 6) leveraging multi-modality.
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13

Arras, John. Methods in Bioethics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190665982.001.0001.

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This book provides an overview and critical discussion of the main philosophical methods that have dominated the field of bioethics. The first three chapters outline some influential theories that are important to understanding the methodological approaches that follow. Chapter 1 offers a survey of the theory of principlism as expounded by Tom Beauchamp and James Childress, chapter 2 examines Bernard Gert’s defense of common morality, and chapter 3 discusses the so-termed new casuistry. The next three chapters trace a historical dialectic. Chapter 4 explores the shift that has increasingly occurred in bioethics away from the pursuit of objectivity or truth and toward narrative ethics, while chapter 5 uncovers the “classical” roots of American pragmatism and explains their ongoing relevance for contemporary bioethics. This paves the way for chapter 6’s examination of “freestanding” pragmatists such as Susan Wolf who, in contrast, see their approach as untethered to the classical canon of American pragmatism. With this background firmly established, the next two chapters handle some influential contemporary approaches. Chapter 7 considers the “internal morality” approach to medicine; chapter 8 discusses the method of reflective equilibrium, and chapter 9 summarizes and reflects on the results of the preceding eight chapters. Rather than staking out and defending a final position, the book aspires to uncover the costs and benefits of the respective methodological approaches that are surveyed. In the words of Kierkegaard, it aims to make life “harder” rather than “easier” for bioethics by uncovering some outstanding challenges.
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14

Morin, Jean-Frédéric, Christian Olsson, and Ece Özlem Atikcan, eds. Research Methods in the Social Sciences: An A-Z of key concepts. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198850298.001.0001.

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Research Methods in the Social Sciences features chapters that cover a wide range of concepts, methods, and theories. Each chapter begins with an introduction to a method, using real-world examples from a wide range of academic disciplines, before discussing the benefits and limitations of the approach, its current status in academic practice, and finally providing tips and advice on when and how to apply the method in research. The text covers both well-established concepts and emerging ideas, such as big data and network analysis, for qualitative and quantitative research methods.
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15

Greenwood, William John. Foreign stock exchange practice and company laws of all the chief countries of the world: Methods of selling British securities abroad ; foreign laws affecting ... works and branches established abroad. Gaunt, 1999.

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16

Desmarais, Bruce A., and Skyler J. Cranmer. Statistical Inference in Political Networks Research. Edited by Jennifer Nicoll Victor, Alexander H. Montgomery, and Mark Lubell. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190228217.013.8.

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Researchers interested in statistically modeling network data have a well-established and quickly growing set of approaches from which to choose. Several of these methods have been regularly applied in research on political networks, while others have yet to permeate the field. This chapter reviews the most prominent methods of inferential network analysis for both cross-sectionally and longitudinally observed networks, including (temporal) exponential random graph models, latent space models, the quadratic assignment procedure, and stochastic actor oriented models. For each method, the chapter summarizes its analytic form, identifies prominent published applications in political science, and discusses computational considerations. It concludes with a set of guidelines for selecting a method for a given application.
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17

Barlow, David H., Laren R. Conklin, and Kate H. Bentley. Psychological Treatments for Panic Disorders, Phobias, and Social and Generalized Anxiety Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780199342211.003.0014.

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A substantial number of strong studies have established the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral treatment for persons with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia. These treatments include some combination of cognitive elements, exposure to interoceptive sensations similar to physiological panic sensations, in vivo exposure, and breathing retraining. A number of excellent studies have established the clinical efficacy of situational in vivo exposure for patients with moderate to severe agoraphobia and specific phobia. The most common treatment approaches for social anxiety disorder include social skills training, relaxation techniques, exposure-based treatment methods, and multicomponent cognitive-behavioral treatments.
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18

Furst, Eric M., and Todd M. Squires. Light scattering microrheology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199655205.003.0005.

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The fundamentals and best practices of passive microrheology using dynamic light scattering and diffusing wave spectroscopy are discussed. The principles of light scattering are introduced and applied in both the single and multiple scattering regimes, including derivations of the light and field autocorrelation functions. Applications to high-frequency microrheology and polymer dynamics are presented, including inertial corrections. Methods to treat gels and other non-ergodic samples, including multi-speckle and optical mixing designs are discussed. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a well established method for measuring the motion of colloids, proteins and macromolecules. Light scattering has several advantages for microrheology, especially given the availability of commercial instruments, the relatively large sample volumes that average over many probes, and the sensitivity of the measurement to small particle displacements, which can extend the range of length and timescales probed beyond those typically accessed by the methods of multiple particle tracking and bulk rheology.
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19

Fode, Mikkel, and Jens Sønksen. The management of fertility in spinal cord injury. Edited by David John Ralph. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0100.

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While spinal cord injury (SCI) does not affect female fertility, the condition most often results in infertility in males due to anejaculation and reduced semen quality. Anejaculation is caused by disruption of the autonomic nerve fibres, which are normally responsible for the ejaculation. The reason for the poor sperm quality has not been firmly established. If spinal cord injured men cannot ejaculate by sexual intercourse or masturbation, ejaculation can be induced by either penile vibratory stimulation or electroejaculation. Only if these methods fail should surgical sperm retrieval be considered. The method of insemination depends largely on the total motile sperm count and patient preference. With the right treatment, it is possible for most SCI men to have children.
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20

Church of England. General Synod. Standing Committee., ed. Senior church appointments: A review of the methods of appointment of area and suffragan bishops, deans, provosts, archdeacons, and residentiary canons : the report of the Working Party established by the Standing Committee of the General Synod of the Church of England. Church House Pub., 1992.

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21

Lopes, Dominic McIver. Aesthetics in Three Dimensions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796657.003.0002.

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This chapter begins with a historical overview of aesthetics and the philosophy of art before turning to a discussion of how the philosophy of art bears upon human culture. It then considers the methods used in attacking problems in aesthetics and the philosophy of art by highlighting the distinctions between pure and applied philosophy, between internal and external perspectives on aesthetic and artistic phenomena, and between first-order and second-order methods. It also examines how aesthetics and the philosophy of art are affected as the arts evolve and as empirical studies of aesthetic and artistic phenomena become well established in the social and behavioural sciences as well as the humanities.
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22

Duve, Thomas. Global Legal History. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935352.013.25.

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Because of transformations in the world’s legal systems, there is a need for reflection about law and legal scholarship globally. There is a growing demand for global legal history; however, there is neither a consensus as to what this history is, nor what objectives this legal historiography pursues, or even how it relates to other disciplines. In addition, global legal history reflects the traditional multiplicity of methods, aims, and forms present in current juridical historiographies. This is why it is difficult to speak about a method of global legal history. This contribution—written from a Western, perspective—can only sketch out a general panorama and some particular methodological problems. It begins by considering meanings of “global legal history,” then sketches out some methodological approaches. The final remarks emphasize that not only the intellectual but also the institutional presuppositions for a global production of legal historical knowledge need to be established.
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23

Golan, Amos. Info-Metrics and Statistical Inference. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199349524.003.0012.

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This chapter is the first of a two-chapter sequence looking into the relationship between info-metrics and the more familiar statistical methods of inference, with an emphasis on information-theoretic methods. In this chapter I concentrate on discrete models. The relationship between info-metrics and information-theoretic statistical methods is established via duality theory, which provides a way for specifying all inferential methods as constrained optimization models. Since the objective here is to compare different approaches and philosophies, the analysis and examples are kept simple. A main result is that, for discrete problems, the maximum-likelihood approach is a special case of the info-metrics framework. To show this, I reconstruct the likelihood model as a constrained optimization problem. The relevant diagnostics and statistics are developed and discussed. I conclude the chapter with a detailed summary of the benefits of info-metrics for inference of discrete problems. Two detailed case studies are provided.
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24

Ablavsky, Gregory. Federal Ground. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190905699.001.0001.

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Federal Ground depicts the haphazard and unplanned growth of federal authority in the Northwest and Southwest Territories, the first U.S. territories established under the new territorial system. The nation’s foundational documents, particularly the U.S. Constitution and the Northwest Ordinance, placed these territories under sole federal jurisdiction and established federal officials to govern them. But, for all their paper authority, these officials rarely controlled events or dictated outcomes. In practice, power in these contested borderlands rested with the regions’ preexisting inhabitants—diverse Native peoples, French villagers, and Anglo-American settlers. These residents nonetheless turned to the new federal government to claim ownership, jurisdiction, protection, and federal money, seeking to obtain rights under federal law. Two areas of governance proved particularly central: contests over property, where plural sources of title created conflicting land claims, and struggles over the right to use violence, in which customary borderlands practice intersected with the federal government’s effort to establish a monopoly on force. Over time, as federal officials improvised ad hoc, largely extrajudicial methods to arbitrate residents’ claims, they slowly insinuated federal authority deeper into territorial life. This authority survived even after the former territories became Ohio and Tennessee: although new states spoke a language of equal footing and autonomy, statehood actually offered former territorial citizens the most effective way yet to make claims on the federal government. The federal government, in short, still could not always prescribe the result in the territories, but it set the terms and language of debate—authority that became the foundation for later, more familiar and bureaucratic incarnations of federal power.
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25

Lopes, Dominic McIver. Aesthetics and Philosophy of Art. Edited by Herman Cappelen, Tamar Szabó Gendler, and John Hawthorne. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199668779.013.11.

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This article focuses on aesthetics and the philosophy of art as branches of so-called analytic philosophy. It begins with a historical overview of aesthetics and the philosophy of art before turning to a discussion of how the philosophy of art bears upon human culture. It then considers the methods used in attacking problems in aesthetics and the philosophy of art by highlighting the distinctions between pure and applied philosophy, between internal and external perspectives on aesthetic and artistic phenomena, and between first-order and second-order methods. It also examines how aesthetics and the philosophy of art are affected as the arts evolve and as empirical studies of aesthetic and artistic phenomena become well established in the social and behavioural sciences as well as the humanities.
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26

Succi, Sauro. Out of Legoland: Geoflexible Lattice Boltzmann Equations. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199592357.003.0023.

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The LBEs discussed to this point lag behind “best in class” Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods for the simulation of fluid flows in realistically complicated geometries, such as those presented by most industrial devices. This traces back to the constraint of working along the light-cones of a uniform spacetime. Various methods have been proposed to remedy this unsatisfactory state of affairs. Among others, a natural strategy is to acquire geometrical flexibility from well-established techniques which can afford it, namely Finite Volumes (FV), Finite Differences (FD) and Finite Elements (FE). Alternatively, one can stick to the cartesian geometry of standard LB, and work at progressive levels of local grid refinement. This Chapter presents the general ideas being both strategies.
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27

Armstrong, Neil, and Willem van Mechelen, eds. Paediatric Exercise Science and Medicine. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199232482.001.0001.

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This resource is the leading reference work designed to support and challenge those involved in developmental exercise science and medicine. This paediatric sub-specialty has become firmly established as a major component of sport and exercise medicine, which is reflected by a marked increase in research activity and publication. Experimental methods pioneered with adults have been successfully adapted for use with children and new non-invasive techniques have been developed and applied to paediatric research to provide new insights into understanding the exercising child.
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28

Rao, Prasada. Welfare Comparisons with Heterogeneous Prices, Consumption, and Preferences. Edited by Matthew D. Adler and Marc Fleurbaey. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199325818.013.25.

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The chapter provides an overview of the methods and techniques employed by economic statisticians in compiling measures of real expenditure for use in making temporal and spatial comparisons of economic welfare. The role of money-metric utility in making price and welfare comparisons is explored. Temporal measures of price change based on the Konus cost-of-living index and the associated measures of welfare change for individuals and groups of individuals are discussed. Links between the commonly used Laspeyres, Paasche, Fisher, and Tornqvist index numbers and the Konus index-based measures of price and real expenditure change are established. A section of the chapter is devoted to spatial price comparisons where heterogeneity in prices, consumption, and preferences poses challenges for statisticians. Multilateral index number methods based on the money-metric utility used in spatial and cross-country price and welfare comparisons including the Geary, Gini-Éltetö-Köves-Szulc, and spatial chaining methods are canvassed.
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29

Shakiryanova, Yuliya, Sergey Leonov, and Daniil Korabelnikov. 3D-modeling in forensic medicine: a tutorial. Moscow Medical - Social Institute named after Friedrich Haass, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35571/mmsi.2019.1.001.

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The tutorial provides an overview of the main methods of creating three-dimensional (3D) models of objects and their applications. A step-by-step algorithm for creating virtual copies of objects based on digital photos and video frames using modern computer programs "AgisoftPhotoscan" and "ContextCapture" is described. Details of the necessary conditions for obtaining high-quality digital photos and models, especially the process of photography, the requirements for the resulting digital photos. Recommendations are given for obtaining digital photographs suitable for creating three-dimensional models in various fields of research. The theoretical foundations of the method of creating three-dimensional models using digital photographs are described in detail, the basic concepts used in three-dimensional modeling are defined. The areas of application of three-dimensional models in forensic medicine, as well as problems that can be solved with the help of the created models are determined. Established criteria, which may affect the accuracy of the models, the reproduction of the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the research object. Illustrative examples from their own practice.
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30

Hollis, Murray. Practical Straw Bale Building. CSIRO Publishing, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643092143.

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Building with straw bales is being embraced by amateurs and professionals for its versatility, comfort, environmental friendliness and high insulation. New methods should expand its growing worldwide popularity.
 In Practical Straw Bale Building, Murray Hollis uses simple, easy to understand language to describe the established techniques of straw bale construction and ways in which they can be improved. He also presents a new straw bale construction system that has substantial benefits over current methods. This system incorporates a new tensioning system that replaces the use of fence strainers for tensioning the hold-down/compression wires and eliminates uneven tensioning on opposite sides of the wall. It also allows for fabricating wall modules on-site as horizontal modules that are then swung into the vertical wall position after fabrication. Aspects of structures other than walls are addressed only to the extent that they are relevant to the use of straw bales, e.g. issues such as types of floors, roof structures and methods of heating or cooling.
 The innovative methods in this book will help to progress straw bale building technology and move it into the mainstream of the building industry.
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31

Ahonen, Heidi. Adult Trauma Work in Music Therapy. Edited by Jane Edwards. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199639755.013.47.

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Adult trauma work in music therapy is well established globally, and various approaches presented in the literature reveal the positive impact of using music as part of a therapeutic process. The main music psychotherapy techniques in adult trauma work include improvisation and music listening.Group Analytic Music Therapy(GAMT) was developed by the author. GAMT is a combination of group analysis, interpersonal theories, and intersubjectivity. The therapy group is observed and analyzed from three different perspectives, responding to: (1) The individual in the group (the intersubjective window); (2) the members with one another (the interpersonal window); and (3) the group-as-a-whole (the group matrix window). This chapter presents some of the techniques and methods of the GAMT with the caveat that further training beyond entry level to music therapy is needed to use these techniques and methods.
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32

Crane, Randall, and Rachel Weber, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Urban Planning. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195374995.001.0001.

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This publication is an authoritative volume on planning, a long-established professional social science discipline in the United States and throughout the world. Edited by professors at two planning institutes in the United States, it collects together over forty-five noted field experts to discuss three key questions: Why plan? How and what do we plan? Who plans for whom? These questions are then applied across three major topics in planning: States, Markets, and the Provision of Social Goods; The Methods and Substance of Planning; and Agency, Implementation, and Decision Making. This text covers the key components of the discipline.
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33

Cullen, Christopher. Epilogue. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198733119.003.0010.

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By the end of the Han, specialists in the analysis and prediction of the motions of the heavenly bodies had established ways of working which were, in their essentials, to be continued and developed without radical discontinuity for the rest of the imperial age. The stability of these methods was underpinned by their incorporation into the ideology of imperial legitimacy, which claimed that the emperor had not simply the right, but the duty, to ‘grant the seasons’ to his people—a duty which was imagined to have been fulfilled by the model rulers of high antiquity....
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34

Costales, Jesse, Silvia De Rubeis, Jennifer Foss-Feig, Patrick R. Hof, Joseph D. Buxbaum, and Alexander Kolezvon. Neurobiology of Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intellectual Disability. Edited by Dennis S. Charney, Eric J. Nestler, Pamela Sklar, and Joseph D. Buxbaum. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190681425.003.0063.

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is defined by impairments in social communication, along with the presence of restricted and repetitive behaviors. Approximately half of affected children also suffer from intellectual disability (ID), which is defined by cognitive and adaptive functioning at least two standard deviations below the mean (e.g., standard scores <70). It is now well established that genetic factors are major contributors to both ASD and ID. The following chapter will outline emerging themes and integrate data from human and animal studies using genetic, imaging, and histopathological methods. Emerging findings from studies of the immune system and the microbiome will also be briefly reviewed.
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35

Traub, Valerie, ed. The Oxford Handbook of Shakespeare and Embodiment. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199663408.001.0001.

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The forty established and emerging scholars whose work is included in this volume bring an expansive understanding of feminism to questions of embodiment in Shakespeare and early modern studies. Using a diverse range of methods—historicism, psychoanalysis, queer theory, critical race studies, postcolonialism, posthumanism, eco-criticism, animal studies, disability studies, textual editing, performance and media studies—they present original readings of Shakespeare’s plays and poems while situating his work both in the early modern period and the present day. Paying particular attention to the intersections of gender with race and sexuality, the volume collectively offers an exciting snapshot of the ways that ‘feminism’ and ‘Shakespeare’ continue to speak to and challenge each another.
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36

Raz, Amir, and Sheida Rabipour. How (not) to train the brain. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780198789673.001.0001.

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How (Not) to Train the Brain offers a scientifically honest account of brain training. It demolishes unfounded claims often made for brain training programs, offering instead useful, proven, methods for improving mental performance and capacity. It reviews the apps, books, and other products that have emerged in recent years claiming to boost cognitive power and focus emotion, destroying well-established myths and misconceptions about the brain. It offers alternative, easily implementable techniques, including a list of commercially available products that readers may wish to consider. This title includes interviews with leading experts and practitioners working with different brain training and mental optimization approaches. These interviews provide unique insights into the foundations and development of brain training techniques.
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37

Shaftesbury, Edmund. Instantaneous Personal Magnetism: Combining an Absolutely New Method with the Best Established Teachings of the Past. Kessinger Publishing, LLC, 2007.

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38

Biswas, Santanu, and John J. Frank. Management of pericardial tamponade. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0167.

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Cardiac tamponade is an emergency, and definitive therapy is fluid removal by pericardiocentesis. In certain conditions, fluid removal is still the optimal choice, but a conservative approach using haemodialysis may be employed. Factors that influence the management strategy include evaluating the cause, providing haemodynamic support, and choosing the technique. Fluid resuscitation to maintain venous pressure and circulation may be beneficial up to a point, after which, tamponade may be aggravated. While inotropes have theoretical benefit, studies involving humans are few. Fluid removal strategies are broadly grouped into percutaneous and surgical methods. In most cases, the percutaneous approach is favoured. However, surgery is typically the first choice in blunt trauma or in proximal aortic dissection. While the safety of percutaneous methods is well established, imaging guidance is needed to avoid common complications associated with a blind technique. The proper management strategy should also minimize effusion recurrence, common methods to do so include placement of a drainage catheter, infusion of a sclerosing agent, and a balloon pericardiotomy procedure. Surgical methods for removal of pericardial fluid include the creation pericardial window, insertion of a pericardioperitoneal shunt, and pericardiectomy. The creation of a pericardial window and pericardioperitoneal shunt are safe, but pericardiectomy is associated with increased morbidity. After fluid removal has been completed, the patient should be placed in a unit that is both familiar with the signs of tamponade and has the capacity to quickly treat a significant effusion if it recurs.
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39

Chung, Sue Fawn. The Coming and Early Challenges. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036286.003.0001.

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This chapter traces some of the important developments in China and provides a background to the advent of Chinese miners and merchants and the challenges they faced. Economic, social, and political dislocations, combined with natural disasters, characterized southeastern China in the mid-nineteenth century. During economic declines, the Chinese in Guangdong and neighboring Guangxi and Fujian provinces had a long tradition of seeking new opportunities overseas. Thus the Chinese came to the United States hoping to become rich and escape the problems in China. After arriving in the American West, they adapted some of their traditional methods of operation and established organizations that assisted them. They encountered discriminatory laws, practices, and actions, but despite all of the negativism, they continued to seek that elusive gold.
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40

Lombrozo, Tania, Joshua Knobe, and Shaun Nichols, eds. Oxford Studies in Experimental Philosophy Volume 3. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198852407.001.0001.

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The papers collected in this third volume of Oxford Studies in Experimental Philosophy illustrate the ways in which the field continues to broaden, taking on new methodological approaches and interacting with substantive theories from an ever wider array of disciplines. As the papers themselves clearly show, some recent research in experimental philosophy is going more deeply into well-established questions in the field, but at the same time, other strands of research are exploring issues that hardly appeared at all in the field even a few years ago. Thus, we see the introduction of new empirical and statistical methods (network analysis), new theoretical approaches (formal semantics), and the development of entirely new interdisciplinary connections (in the emerging field of “experimental jurisprudence”)
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Poo, Mu-chou, H. A. Drake, and Lisa Raphals, eds. Old Society, New Belief. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190278359.001.0001.

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In the first century of the Common Era, two new belief systems entered long-established cultures with radically different outlooks and values: in that century, missionaries started to spread the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth in the Roman empire and the Buddha in China. Both were not only ancient cultures but also cultures whose elites felt no particular urgency to adopt a new religion. Yet a few centuries later, the two new faiths had become so well established that their names were virtually synonymous with the polities they had entered as strangers. This book brings together specialists in the history and religion of Rome and China with a twofold aim. First, it wishes to explore in detail some of the similarities and differences in the processes by which each religion merged into its new cultural environment. Second, by juxtaposing the two cases, it aims to reveal aspects of these processes that are often overlooked when studying the history of just the one or the other. The approach of this volume is thematic as well as comparative. It provides a series of essays focusing on key questions and specific aspects of the very complex, multifaceted processes of accommodation, assimilation, and contestation that played out in each society. The chapters also showcase methods from different disciplines including history, philology, economic history, and religious studies.
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42

De Los Santos, Marco, and Max Hirshkowitz. Scoring of sleep stages, breathing, and arousals. Edited by Sudhansu Chokroverty, Luigi Ferini-Strambi, and Christopher Kennard. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199682003.003.0008.

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This chapter summarizes scoring guidelines for sleep stages, breathing (airflow and respiratory effort), and arousals based on the principles enumerated by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM). Current established clinical standards are largely based on those published by the AASM and rules implemented by Centers for Medicare and Medicaid services in the USA. These rules include scoring of rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep stages, central nervous system (CNS) arousals, and breathing events. Other clinically relevant polysomnographic events exist (eg, limb movements, bruxism, and electrocardiographic events) but such events are beyond the scope of this chapter. The material presented in this chapter can serve as a framework to provide general information to patients and clinicians about methods of performing the tests and gathering summary data.
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Betz, Matthias, and Volker Wulf. Toward Transferability in Grounded Design. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198733249.003.0016.

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Grounded design is a particular design-research approach applied in case studies. The approach aims to investigate social practices with the purpose of identifying and unveiling problematic aspects of that practice. In research contexts, design case studies are conducted by applying established research methods such as ethnographic field studies, participatory design, and action research. As a research approach, grounded design claims to contribute to scientific knowledge by creating a collection of documented cases that is accessible for a further comprehensive and overarching analysis. This chapter provides an example of such a study through a comparison of two design case studies in the field of civil security research, in the context of firefighting: the Landmarke project and the Koordinator project. In addition, this chapter addresses the transferability of design case studies.
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Tickle, Phyllis. Prayer. Edited by Mark Chapman, Sathianathan Clarke, and Martyn Percy. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199218561.013.41.

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This chapter assumes the presence, traditionally, of two forms of prayer in general Anglican practice: individuated or spontaneous prayer and liturgical prayer and the daily offices. It treats liturgical prayer as being of two kinds, using for this the typology of established texts prayed in either corporate or private exercise. It considers individuated prayer as being informed increasingly by extra-Anglican, but historic and/or orthodox, prayer methods and tools, and investigates the communal implications of that shift. Using this framework, it overviews the changes in prayer concepts and practices that have been set in motion by post-twentieth century globalization, diversity, science, and so on, and considers the implications of these changes for worldwide Anglicanism as well as for new and developing configurations of Christianity which Anglicanism increasingly informs.
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S, Khera K., Grice H. C, and Clegg D. J, eds. Interpretation and extrapolation of reproductive data to establish human safety standards. Springer-Verlag, 1989.

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46

Land.Technik AgEng 2017. VDI Verlag, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.51202/9783181023006.

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This book summarises the proceedings of the 75th conference “LAND.TECHNIK – AgEng 2017”, which took place in Hannover on November 10th and 11th following the tradition of odd years. Therefore it is a well established prelude to AGRITECHNICA, the world’s most important fair for agricultural machinery, which started on November 12th with the preview days. The conference was successfully organized in cooperation with the “Max Eyth Society for Agricultural Engineering” (VDI-MEG), a technical division of the Association of German Engineers (Verein Deutscher Ingenieure, VDI) and the European Society of Agricultural Engineers (EurAgEng). This collaboration has been accepted both by academia and industry at national and international levels. During recent years the number of participants has increased to about 1000 from more than 15 nations. The conference offered 75 presentations about the latest innovations, machine developments, and technical concepts and methods as a foretaste ...
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Martin, Colin J., and David G. Sutton, eds. Practical Radiation Protection in Healthcare. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199655212.001.0001.

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Practical Radiation Protection in Healthcare provides a practical guide for medical physicists and others involved with radiation protection in the healthcare environment. The guidance is based on principles set out in current recommendations of the International Commission for Radiological Protection and methods developed by a variety of professional bodies. Written by practitioners experienced in the field, this practical online reference covers both established techniques and new areas of application. This new edition is fully revised and updated to cover new requirements linked to the increased knowledge of radiation effects, and the development of new technology. Each specialist area is covered in a separate chapter to allow easy reference with individual chapters being assigned to different types of non-ionising radiations. Additionally, tabulated data is included to allow the reader to carry out calculations for situations encountered frequently without reference to further resources.
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A goodly heritage: A history of the East Cobb United Methodist Church, Marietta, Georgia, established 1872. Wolfe Pub., 1997.

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49

Albarella, Umberto. Zooarchaeology in the twenty-first century. Edited by Umberto Albarella, Mauro Rizzetto, Hannah Russ, Kim Vickers, and Sarah Viner-Daniels. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199686476.013.56.

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After more than a century of growth, zooarchaeology has started fulfilling its full potential. The recognition of the centrality of zooarchaeological investigations in archaeology represents the most important, and hopefully enduring, development. Zooarchaeology remains, however, ultimately inter-disciplinary and cannot be pigeon-holed within either Science or Humanities. Zooarchaeologists use a multitude of approaches, and contribute to all aspects of investigations of past human life, ranging from social structure, to economy, diet, ecology, ideology, and religion. The discipline has developed a set of well-established methods, whose widespread use enhances data comparability. It is, however, important that the research strategies and approaches of zooarchaeologists remain dynamic and open to constant scrutiny. Zooarchaeology is today highly international, enjoying a healthy level of open communication. There is, however, the need to reach out to areas where the discipline is still underdeveloped, as those will generate new stimuli as well as research opportunities.
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Brooker, Paul, and Margaret Hayward. McDonald’s: Kroc’s Grinding it Out. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198825395.003.0004.

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Kroc established an iconic global fast-food empire even though he did not found his firm, McDonald’s, until in his fifties. An innovative franchising system was crucial to McDonald’s success, together with a two-dimensional marketing strategy which was quality and family oriented and stressed the formula QSC&V (Quality, Service, Cleanliness, and Value). While his emphasis was on innovative adaptation, strategic (marketing) calculation, and diverse deliberation, Kroc used all six of the rational methods. For example, he and his ‘numbers man’ Sonneborn created the leasing financial base for McDonald’s nation-wide expansion. Kroc’s emphasis on diverse deliberation included allowing his managers to argue with him as well as sell him policy proposals—often through informal deliberation. The final section describes his pioneering international joint-venture system that helped McDonald’s spread around the globe and be adapted to different cultures and markets worldwide.
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