Academic literature on the topic 'Established reasons'
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Journal articles on the topic "Established reasons"
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Bhaya Nair, Rukmini. "States of reason and reasons of state." Language and Dialogue 1, no. 2 (2011): 266–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ld.1.2.06nai.
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Over the past half-century, Noam Chomsky has established a powerful intellectual presence in two apparently unrelated domains of discourse — the field of theoretical linguistics and the arena of anti-establishment politics. This paper examines Chomsky’s use of metaphor across these domains, arguing that in Chomsky’s work metaphor enables an undercover, perhaps even classically ‘anarchic’ dialogue between disciplines. Organizationally as well as psychologically, the two major inquiries into human nature undertaken by him are, the paper suggests, structured and unified in relation to each other via the seemingly innocuous agency of metaphor. The paper also traces Chomsky’s innovative production of metaphors to engage in dialogue with both the past and the future. To reconstruct Chomsky through his metaphors is to attempt to read him not as a doctrinaire Cartesian but as someone who has responded with extreme ‘context-sensitivity’ to changing circumstances in both his fields. Finally, the paper contends that a study of Chomsky’s metaphorical practice could, inter alia, offer unprecedented insights into the creative and essentially unified thought processes of a major 20th century thinker.
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O'Neill, Onora. "Science, Reasons and Normativity." European Review 21, S1 (2013): S94—S99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798713000197.
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Science is often seen as empirical inquiry that aims at proof or explanation, but eschews normative considerations. This, I shall argue, is inadequate. Scientific thinking and practice also depend on additional standards, including a range of norms that are not and cannot be established by empirical methods. It follows that science cannot and should not aspire to be value free.
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Zwolak, Robert, Dorota Suszek, Aleksandra Graca, Marcin Mazurek, and Maria Majdan. "REASONS FOR DIAGNOSTIC DELAYS OF AXIAL SPONDYLOARTHRITIS." Wiadomości Lekarskie 72, no. 9 (2019): 1607–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek201909102.
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Introduction: The probability of development of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is estimated to be above 90% among patients with chronic back pain, presence of HLA B27 antigen and positive family history of ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriasis, reactive arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease or uveitis. The nonradiographic axSpA and ankylosing spondylitis diseases’ activity has a comparable impact on the patients’ quality of life and from the practical point of view the approach to treatment of each of them is the same. The aim: The attempt to identify the reasons of diagnostic delays of AS among patients hospitalized in the Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases Department in Lublin and to suggest the ways of improving the accuracy of diagnostic track among other healthcare providers than rheumatologists. Material and methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of the records of 82 patients’ with the established diagnosis of AS, hospitalized in the Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases Department in Lublin in 2000-2019, and of 45 years of age and older. Results: From among 82 patients (28 women and 54 men) the diagnosis of AS after 45 years of age was established in 25 patients (10 women and 15 men) – group t, and in the other 57 patients (group n) the diagnosis was established before 45 years of age. On average the age at the time of diagnosis in the whole group (t+n) was 40,7±10,2 (18-76) years, the age at the beginning of inflammatory back pain (age of axial symptoms) was 30,9±8,5 (13-51) years and the diagnostic delay (period between first axial symptoms and diagnosis establishment) was 9,75±9,5 (0-46) years. We did not find any statistically significant associations between sex and age at the moment of diagnosis, age of the beginning of axial symptoms and the time of diagnostic delay. There was no significant difference of incidence of enthesitis, uveitis, arthritis, prevalence of family history of spondyloarthritis and CRP level between group t and n. Antigen HLA B27 was more frequently present in group t. Conclusions: Instead of the recognition progress and worldwide popularization of knowledge about axSpA, the diagnostic delays in this field are still estimated to last many years, the patients are looking for other specialists’ help, and they can be not knowledgeable of the inflammatory back pain criteria. Currently, HLA B27 antigen and C-reactive protein are the two most commonly used biomarkers for diagnostic and disease activity monitoring purposes of axSpA and magnetic resonance is the only “imaging biomarker” The presence of extra-axial symptoms does not improve the diagnostic sensitivity.
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Espinosa, Free, and Georgina A. Rivera-Ingraham. "Subcellular evidences of redox imbalance in well-established populations of an endangered limpet. Reasons for alarm?" Marine Pollution Bulletin 109, no. 1 (2016): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.06.019.
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Skritsky, Vladimir. "REASONS OF MINE ACCIDENT OCCURING WITH DISASTROUS CONSEQUENCES." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 2, no. 5 (2019): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2019-2-5-20-26.
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In the work it is proved that methane explosions with disastrous consequences have become after conversion to high-effective mining of extraction pillar during mining flat and steep coal seams at functioning extracting areas. It is established that during high-efficient mining of extracting areas, first combustion and methane explosions happen at worked space, where they are initiated with occurred and non-noticed places of coal self-ignition. From worked space burning methane outbursts by explosion wave from the cove to the working face and near workings where the explosion develops with coal dust presence. Technical solutions for prevention such accidents are proposed.
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Rarog, A. I. "Legislator’s error: types, reasons, ways of correction." Actual Problems of Russian Law, no. 4 (May 30, 2019): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2019.101.4.095-103.
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The paper raises the question of the inevitability not only of judicial (in specific criminal cases) errors, but also of law enforcement errors (the practice of incorrect application of the criminal law established spontaneously or at the direction of higher judicial authorities), as well as legislative errors of political, system or technical nature. Considering the specific law-making mistakes made in the norms of the General Part and in each of the structural elements of many of the norms of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, the author notes the appreciable work of the legislator to eliminate errors with satisfaction. At the same time, the paper provides specific examples of errors that are repeatedly noted in the special literature, still yet to be corrected, and suggests ways to correct them, in particular, amending the Regulations of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation regarding the procedure for discussing bills.
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Norata, Giuseppe Danilo. "Established and Emerging Approaches for the Management of Dyslipidaemia." Scientifica 2012 (2012): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.6064/2012/482423.
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The key role of dyslipidaemia in determining cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been proved beyond reasonable doubt, and therefore several dietary and pharmacological approaches have been developed. The discovery of statins has provided a very effective approach in reducing cardiovascular risk as documented by the results obtained in clinical trials and in clinical practice. The current efficacy of statins or other drugs, however, comes short of providing the benefit that could derive from a further reduction of LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) in high-risk and very high risk patients. Furthermore, experimental data clearly suggest that other lipoprotein classes beyond LDL play important roles in determining cardiovascular risk. For these reasons a number of new potential drugs are under development in this area. Aim of this review is to discuss the available and the future pharmacological strategies for the management of dyslipidemia.
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Paikov, V. L., and R. P. Ishmetov. "Analysis of population appealability for emergent medical care for cardiac reasons." Kazan medical journal 93, no. 4 (2012): 680–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj1572.
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Aim. To study the structure of appealability of the population for emergency medical care for cardiac reasons, and the conformity between the cardiac cause and diagnosis. Methods. Analyzed was the statistical data of appealability of the population for emergency medical care for cardiac reasons in a large industrial center of the Republic of Tatarstan, city of Kazan. Register cards of ambulance calls for the year 2010 served as materials for the study. Results. It was established that cardiac reasons account for 30% of all adult requests for emergency medical care. The main flow (96.4%) was formed by the primary appeals to the ambulance station, and much less frequently (3.6%) by primarily detectable visits to health institutions for acute forms of ischemic heart disease and arrhythmias. Analyzing the structure of cardiac reasons in nature of the requests for care it was revealed that the proportion of disease with a sudden cardiac profile is 37.1%, with acute care of different profiles - 44.5%, sudden illness of other profiles - 16.5%, other - 1.9%. The proportion of disease with a sudden cardiac profile in the structure of other reasons for seaking medical care is 5.5%. During primary referral to the ambulance station the frequency of diseases with a sudden cardiac profile varies depending on the reason and ranges from 24 to 38.9%. Conclusion. These established features of the analysis of appealability of the population for emergent medical care for cardiac reasons provides the basis for the establishment and improvement of the algorithm of questions to ask the caller of an ambulance and its introduction into the work of the dispatching service, which will increase the frequency of conformity of the cause and diagnosis.
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Cassidy, Elizabeth C., Steven John Miller, and Julie F. Chalmers. "Schizophrenia in a patient with established Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 13, no. 4 (1996): 166–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0790966700004481.
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AbstractA 24 year old man with established Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome (GTS)and schizophrenia of recent onset is described. Other comorbid reports of schizophrenia and GTS are reviewed showing this association to be rare, with only nine previous reported cases. GTS and schizophrenia have many phenomenological similarities and a link has been considered between the two disorders but never clearly established. Reasons for the lack of an association where one might be expected are considered. Possibilities include under reporting or misdiagnosis of GTS or the possible masking of psychotic symptoms by treatment of the GTS.
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Sivathanu, Brijesh. "Adoption of internet of things (IOT) based wearables for healthcare of older adults – a behavioural reasoning theory (BRT) approach." Journal of Enabling Technologies 12, no. 4 (2018): 169–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jet-12-2017-0048.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to utilize the novel approach of applying the behavioral reasoning theory (BRT) to examine the adoption of internet of things (IoT) based wearables for the healthcare of older adults and it aims to understand the relative effect of “reasons for” and “reasons against” adoption of IoT-based wearables for health care among older adults.Design/methodology/approachThe hypothesized relationships were established using the BRT and empirically tested using a representative sample of 815 respondents. The data were analyzed using the PLS-SEM method.FindingsThe findings of this study demonstrate that adoption intention of IoT-based wearables for the health care of older adults is influenced by “reason for” and “reason against” adoption. The finding shows that “reasons for” adoption are ubiquitous, relative advantage, compatibility and convenience and “reasons against” adoption are usage barrier, traditional barrier and risk barrier. Value of “openness to change” significantly influences the “reasons for” and “reasons against” adoption of IoT-based wearables.Research limitations/implicationsThis cross-sectional study is conducted only in the Indian context and future research can be conducted in other countries to generalize the results.Practical implicationsThis research highlighted both the adoption factors—“for” and “against,” which should be considered while developing marketing strategies for IoT-based wearables for health care of older adults. Adoption of IoT-based wearables for healthcare of older adults will increase when marketers endeavor to minimize the effects of the anti-adoption factors.Originality/valueThis is a unique study that examines the adoption of IoT-based wearables for healthcare among older people using the BRT, by probing the “reasons for” and “reasons against” adoption in a single framework.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Established reasons"
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Huckstep, Peter John. "Utility and beyond : a critical examination of certain established reasons given for learning mathematics." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10020343/.
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In the Introduction I explore the reasons for my enquiry, and outline the inadequacies of some of the existing attempts to determine the aims and purposes of mathematics in education. In Part 1 I discuss the scope and validity of the justification of mathematics on the basis of its supposed usefulness. From there I defend the view that, in principle at least, there are different kinds of reasons for learning mathematics. In Parts 2 and 3 I attempt to explain whether or not mathematics is fit for two particular non-utility purposes claimed by various writers, and if so, how. Thus, in Part 2, I examine the rather strong claim that mathematics is afine art, and hence or otherwise that it is a source of aesthetic satisfaction. In Part 3, I explore the claim that mathematics provides mental training. Here I shall show that 'mental training', is a broad notion ranging from the rather moral character training to the more restricted notion of training in logic. Between these extremes lies a more modest notion which I argue is the most plausible. The thesis is thus both a history of ideas and a clarification of the concepts used in describing fairly established purposes and rejecting those that seem to me to be unattainable or at least scarcely attainable by studying mathematics. The reason for the study is twofold. I see it as a particular case of the general enquiry into the aims of education. So that my conclusions should inform those who want to justify the place of mathematics on the curriculum. Also, however, I want to suggest that the purposes of mathematics education are internally related to understanding the subject, so that the pupil will gain understanding from a clearer notion of what he or she is doing mathematics for.
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Lind, Johanna, and Ylva Wadström. "Facing Vietnam : -Which are the main reasons that there are not more Scandinavian companies established in Vietnam." Thesis, Stockholm University, School of Business, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-6025.
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<p>Since the beginning of 1990, Vietnam has had one of the fastest growing economies in the world. This economic growth is attracting foreign investors to the country. In spite of positive economic figures, the amount of Scandinavian companies established in Vietnam is low. The purpose of this thesis is to identify some risk factors as well as opportunities in the surroundings of Scandinavian companies operating in Vietnam. This will be carried out from a national point of view. The objective is to be able to inquire if Vietnam is an attractive country for Scandinavian companies. Furthermore, we wish to contribute with valuable information for Scandinavian companies that consider establishing their business within the country. With help from Ehrengren’s BERA model and Miller’s Framework we have investigated different areas in the companies’ surroundings. These areas are for example: political, infrastructure, government and clients. By studying them, it is possible to see how the different areas are affecting the companies. Above this, we have used a specific culture definition as well as an article, touching the same field, to further illuminate the subject. The thesis is a case-study with a qualitative approach. Methodologically our work is based upon 18 open personal interviews with different people in managing positions working for Scandinavian companies in Vietnam. The interviews were conducted during a five weeks stay in Vietnam in November and December 2005. There are many reasons why there are not more Scandinavian companies established in Vietnam. In this thesis we have come to the conclusion that the two major difficulties seem to be the widely spread corruption and the lack of infrastructure. Above this we have identified other factors that have or have had a negative impact on companies’ decisions on starting up businesses in Vietnam. Among those factors can be mentioned: shortcomings in the law, lack of national financing and different prerequisites for different companies. The country is not well adapted to its current needs, still tilting between being a market driven economy and a socialistic centrally planned economy. However, the situation for the time being might be attractive for some companies, depending on size and industry. There are different scenarios for Vietnam in the future, where the WTO-membership, China and India, the political stability and more open policies will play a decisive role.</p>
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Wilk, Thomas M. "Hume's causal epistemology how pre-established harmony, custom and general rules confer justification /." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/4569.
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Thesis (M.A.)--George Mason University, 2009.<br>Vita: p. 91. Thesis director: Theodore Kinnaman. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Philosophy. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Oct. 11, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-90). Also issued in print.
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Kardimis, Théofanis. "La chambre criminelle de la Cour de cassation face à l’article 6 de la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme : étude juridictionnelle comparée (France-Grèce)." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3004.
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La première partie de l’étude est consacrée à l’invocation, intra et extra muros, du droit à un procès équitable. Sont analysés ainsi, dans un premier temps, l’applicabilité directe de l’article 6 et la subsidiarité de la Convention par rapport au droit national et de la Cour Européenne des Droits de l’Homme par rapport aux juridictions nationales. Le droit à un procès équitable étant un droit jurisprudentiel, l’étude se focalise, dans un second temps, sur l’invocabilité des arrêts de la Cour Européenne et plus précisément sur l’invocabilité directe de l’arrêt qui constate une violation du droit à un procès équitable dans une affaire mettant en cause l’Etat et l’invocabilité de l’interprétation conforme à l’arrêt qui interprète l’article 6 dans une affaire mettant en cause un Etat tiers. L’introduction dans l’ordre juridique français et hellénique de la possibilité de réexamen de la décision pénale définitive rendue en violation de la Convention a fait naitre un nouveau droit d’accès à la Cour de cassation lequel trouve son terrain de prédilection aux violations de l’article 6 et constitue peut-être le pas le plus important pour le respect du droit à un procès équitable après l’acceptation (par la France et la Grèce) du droit de recours individuel. Quant au faible fondement de l’autorité de la chose interprétée par la Cour Européenne, qui est d’ailleurs un concept d’origine communautaire, cela explique pourquoi un dialogue indirect entre la Cour Européenne et la Cour de cassation est possible sans pour autant changer en rien l’invocabilité de l’interprétation conforme et le fait que l’existence d’un précédent oblige la Cour de cassation à motiver l’interprétation divergente qu’elle a adoptée.La seconde partie de l’étude, qui est plus volumineuse, est consacrée aux garanties de bonne administration de la justice (article 6§1), à la présomption d’innocence (article 6§2), aux droits qui trouvent leur fondement conventionnel dans l’article 6§1 mais leur fondement logique dans la présomption d’innocence et aux droits de la défense (article 6§3). Sont ainsi analysés le droit à un tribunal indépendant, impartial et établi par la loi, le délai raisonnable, le principe de l’égalité des armes, le droit à une procédure contradictoire, le droit de la défense d’avoir la parole en dernier, la publicité de l’audience et du prononcé des jugements et arrêts, l’obligation de motivation des décisions, la présomption d’innocence, dans sa dimension procédurale et personnelle, le « droit au mensonge », le droit de l’accusé de se taire et de ne pas contribuer à son auto-incrimination, son droit d’être informé de la nature et de la cause de l’accusation et de la requalification envisagée des faits, son droit au temps et aux facilités nécessaires à la préparation de la défense, y compris notamment la confidentialité de ses communications avec son avocat et le droit d’accès au dossier, son droit de comparaître en personne au procès, le droit de la défense avec ou sans l’assistance d’un avocat, le droit de l’accusé d’être représenté en son absence par son avocat, le droit à l’assistance gratuite d’un avocat lorsque la situation économique de l’accusé ne permet pas le recours à l’assistance d’un avocat mais les intérêts de la justice l’exigent, le droit d’interroger ou faire interroger les témoins à charge et d’obtenir la convocation et l’interrogation des témoins à décharge dans les mêmes conditions que les témoins à charge et le droit à l’interprétation et à la traduction des pièces essentielles du dossier. L’analyse est basée sur la jurisprudence strasbourgeoise et centrée sur la position qu’adoptent la Cour de cassation française et l’Aréopage<br>The first party of the study is dedicated to the invocation of the right to a fair trial intra and extra muros and, on this basis, it focuses on the direct applicability of Article 6 and the subsidiarity of the Convention and of the European Court of Human Rights. Because of the fact that the right to a fair trial is a ‘‘judge-made law’’, the study also focuses on the invocability of the judgments of the European Court and more precisely on the direct invocability of the European Court’s judgment finding that there has been a violation of the Convention and on the request for an interpretation in accordance with the European Court’s decisions. The possibility of reviewing the criminal judgment made in violation of the Convention has generated a new right of access to the Court of cassation which particularly concerns the violations of the right to a fair trial and is probably the most important step for the respect of the right to a fair trial after enabling the right of individual petition. As for the weak conventional basis of the authority of res interpretata (“autorité de la chose interprétée”), this fact explains why an indirect dialogue between the ECHR and the Court of cassation is possible but doesn’t affect the applicant’s right to request an interpretation in accordance with the Court’s decisions and the duty of the Court of cassation to explain why it has decided to depart from the (non-binding) precedent.The second party of the study is bigger than the first one and is dedicated to the guarantees of the proper administration of justice (Article 6§1), the presumption of innocence (Article 6§2), the rights which find their conventional basis on the Article 6§1 but their logical explanation to the presumption of innocence and the rights of defence (Article 6§3). More precisely, the second party of the study is analyzing the right to an independent and impartial tribunal established by law, the right to a hearing within a reasonable time, the principle of equality of arms, the right to adversarial proceedings, the right of the defence to the last word, the right to a public hearing and a public pronouncement of the judgement, the judge’s duty to state the reasons for his decision, the presumption of innocence, in both its procedural and personal dimensions, the accused’s right to lie, his right to remain silent, his right against self-incrimination, his right to be informed of the nature and the cause of the accusation and the potential re-characterisation of the facts, his right to have adequate time and facilities for the preparation of the defence, including in particular the access to the case-file and the free and confidential communication with his lawyer, his right to appear in person at the trial, his right to defend either in person or through legal assistance, his right to be represented by his counsel, his right to free legal aid if he hasn’t sufficient means to pay for legal assistance but the interests of justice so require, his right to examine or have examined witnesses against him and to obtain the attendance and examination of witnesses on his behalf under the same conditions as witnesses against him and his right to the free assistance of an interpreter and to the translation of the key documents. The analysis is based on the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights and focuses on the position taken by the French and the Greek Court of Cassation (Areopagus) on each one of the above mentioned rights
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Γκόγκας, Γεώργιος. "Διερεύνηση παραγόντων που επηρεάζουν την ίδρυση μιας μικρομεσαίας επιχείρησης". Thesis, 2009. http://nemertes.lis.upatras.gr/jspui/handle/10889/1602.
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Σκοπός της εργασίας αυτής είναι να αναλύσουμε τους πιο σημαντικούς λόγους για τους οποίους ιδρύεται μια μικρομεσαία επιχείρηση με την χρήση του στατιστικού προγράμματος SPSS. Η δομή της εργασίας είναι χωρισμένη σε δυο μέρη. Το πρώτο μέρος αποτελεί το θεωρητικό "κομμάτι" των μεθόδων που χρησιμοποιούμε και το δεύτερο είναι το πρακτικό δηλαδή η εφαρμογή των μεθόδων που αναλύσαμε σε πραγματικά δεδομένα.
Το θεωρητικό μέρος είναι χωρισμένο σε τέσσερα κεφάλαια.
Στο πρώτο κεφάλαιο αναφέρουμε τις δυνατότητες του SPSS για την στατιστική ανάλυση μιας και δυο μεταβλητών ενός ή περισσοτέρων δειγμάτων καθώς επίσης και για το πώς μπορούμε να καθορίσουμε τη σχέση (αν υπάρχει ή όχι) μεταξύ τους.
Πριν την αναφορά μας γύρω από τις μεταβλητές τονίζουμε κάποια σημεία στα οποία πρέπει να δίνουμε ιδιαίτερη βαρύτητα, και τα οποία είναι απαραίτητα στο αρχικό στάδιο επεξεργασίας των δεδομένων μας (καθορισμός μεταβλητής κτλ.).
Στο δεύτερο κεφάλαιο κάνουμε μια πρώτη αναφορά γύρω από την Πολυδιάστατη Ανάλυση Δεδομένων τονίζοντας τη χρησιμότητα τους στις διάφορες επιστήμες, τον τρόπο με τον οποίο η ανάλυση αυτή "λειτουργεί" και τα κύρια χαρακτηριστικά της. Γενικά είναι ένα σύνολο μεθόδων οι οποίες ξεκινώντας από τα ίδια τα δεδομένα και χωρίς καμία υπόθεση ερευνούν τις τάσεις, τις σχέσεις και τις ομαδοποιήσεις τους.
Στη συνέχεια αναλύουμε μια σημαντική μέθοδο την "ανάλυση των κύριων συνεκτικών συνιστωσών". Είναι μια τεχνική που έχει ως στόχο τη μείωση της διάστασης των δεδομένων διατηρώντας σχεδόν όλη την ολική μεταβλητότητα των αρχικών μεταβλητών. Η ανάλυση γίνεται με τη βοήθεια των μαθηματικών σχέσεων και βασίζεται στους πίνακες (δειγματικής) συσχέτισης, (δειγματικής) συνδιασποράς κτλ.
Στο τρίτο κεφάλαιο κάνουμε μια προσπάθεια ερμηνείας της Παραγοντικής Ανάλυσης με δυο τρόπους. Ο ένας τρόπος είναι με τη βοήθεια της Γραμμικής Άλγεβρας, της Ανάλυσης και των πινάκων και ο άλλος με τη βοήθεια των γραφικών απεικονίσεων των σχέσεων των στοιχείων του πίνακα που αναλύουμε.
Σκοπός της παραπάνω μεθόδου είναι να ομαδοποιήσει ένα μεγάλο αριθμό μεταβλητών σε ένα μικρότερο αριθμό σημαντικών μη παρατηρήσιμων τυχαίων μεταβλητών που καλούνται παράγοντες.
Στο τελευταίο κεφάλαιο του θεωρητικού μέρους αναφέρουμε και αναλύουμε την Cluster Analysis η οποία είναι μια μέθοδος με την οποία επιδιώκουμε τη δημιουργία ομάδων, συνήθως ατόμων ή αντικειμένων με ομοειδή χαρακτηριστικά, ομάδες τις οποίες μπορούμε να αποκαλούμε και τάξεις. Και σ' αυτή τη μέθοδο κάνουμε δύό ειδών αναλύσεις.
Το πρακτικό μέρος της παρούσας εργασίας διερευνά τους παράγοντες οι οποίοι επηρεάζουν την ίδρυση μιας μικρομεσαίας επιχείρησης (ΜΜΕ). Διεξήχθη εμπειρική έρευνα, ο δειγματικός χώρος της οποίας περιλαμβάνει 140 μικρομεσαίες επιχειρήσεις του νομού Σερρών. Τα αποτελέσματα αναδεικνύουν τη συμβολή και τη βαρύτητα μεταβλητών που σχετίζονται με: το προφίλ του επιχειρηματία (δημογραφικά χαρακτηριστικά, προηγούμενη εργασιακή και επιχειρηματική εμπειρία κ.ά.), τη διαδικασία ίδρυσης της επιχείρησης (πηγές άντλησης πληροφοριών, λήψη απόφαση, αρχική επένδυση, προβλήματα που παρουσιάσθηκαν κ.ά.), τα χαρακτηριστικά της νεοϊδρυθείσας επιχείρησης (αντικείμενο, νομικό καθεστώς, αριθμός απασχολούμενων κ.ά.) και τον 1ο χρόνο λειτουργίας (κύκλος εργασιών, πωλήσεις κ.ά.).
Πιο συγκεκριμένα στο κεφάλαιο 5 αναλύουμε σχεδόν όλες τις μεταβλητές με τη βοήθεια της περιγραφικής στατιστικής και "επιμένουμε" λίγο περισσότερο σε εκείνες που αποτελούν τους παράγοντες ίδρυσης μικρομεσαίας επιχείρησης.
Στο κεφάλαιο 6 περνάμε στο επόμενο στάδιο "εντοπίζοντας" σχέσεις ανάμεσα σε δυο μεταβλητές του ερωτηματολογίου. Το κριτήριο με το οποίο γίνεται ο έλεγχος είναι ο Χ έλεγχος ανεξαρτησίας και αναφέρουμε μόνο όσα παρουσιάζουν ενδιαφέρον (δηλαδή εκεί που υπάρχει κάποια σχέση ).
Προχωρώντας στο κεφάλαιο 7 εισχωρούμε κατά κάποιο τρόπο στην Πολυδιάστατη Ανάλυση. Εφαρμόζουμε την Παραγοντική Ανάλυση με τη χρήση της μεθόδου των ισχυρών συνεκτικών συνιστωσών. Η εφαρμογή γίνεται πάνω στους λόγους ίδρυσης γενικά, μιας επιχείρησης. Αναφέρουμε αναλυτικά όλα τα βήματα και όλο το συλλογισμό μέχρι να καταλήξουμε στο τελικό στάδιο από το οποίο βγάζουμε συμπεράσματα.
Και στο τελευταίο κεφάλαιο (8) πραγματοποιούμε την Cluster Analysis των 140 cases ώστε να μπορέσουμε να καταλήξουμε σε κάποια προφίλ επιχειρηματιών με συγκεκριμένα χαρακτηριστικά.
Δηλαδή από την Παραγοντική Ανάλυση παίρνουμε κάποιες κατευθύνσεις, με τις οποίες σε συνδυασμό με την Cluster Αnalysis εντοπίζουμε συγκεκριμένους λόγους ίδρυσης μιας επιχείρησης για συγκεκριμένα προφίλ επιχειρηματιών.
Τέλος , λόγω της εφαρμογής όλων των παραπάνω μεθόδων , προκύπτει ένας πολύ μεγάλος αριθμός πινάκων, ο οποίος ήτανε αδύνατο να καταχωρηθεί στην εργασία .Για το λόγο αυτό στο Παράρτημα έχουμε βάλει όλους τους πίνακες που χρησιμοποιήσαμε στο πρακτικό μέρος της εργασίας.<br>Aim of this work is to analyze the most important reasons for which is founded a small to medium-sized enterprise with the use of statistical program SPSS. The structure of work is separated in two parts. The first part constitutes theoretical "side" of the methods that we use and second is the practical that is to say application of methods that we analyzed in real data. The theoretical part is separated in four chapters. In the first chapter we report the possibilities of SPSS for the statistical analysis one and two variables one or more samples as well as for how we can determine the relation ([an] it exists or no) from each other. Before our report round the variables we stress certain points in which it should we give particular gravity, and which are essential in the initial stage of treatment of data our (determination variable [etc].) In the second chapter we make a first report round the Multidimensional Analysis of Data stressing their usefulness in the various sciences, the way with which this analysis "functions" and its main characteristics. In general it is a total of methods that beginning from himself given and without no affair searches tendencies, the relations and their regroupings. Afterwards we analyze an important method of the "analysis of the main cohesive components". It is a technique that aims at as the reduction of dimension of data maintaining almost the all total variability of initial variables. The analysis becomes with the help of mathematic relations and is based on the tables of a (sample) cross-correlation, (sample) codispersion etc. In the third chapter we make an effort of interpretation of Factorial Analysis in two ways. One way is with the help of Linear Algebra, Analysis and tables and the other with the help of graphic depictions of relations of elements of table that we analyze. The aim of the above method is to group a big number of variables in a smaller number of important non notable accidental variables that are called factors. In the last chapter of theoretical part we report and we analyze Cluster Analysis who is a method with which we seek the creation of teams, usually individuals or objects with similar characteristics, teams which we can call also orders. And in this method we make two types analyses. The practical part of present work investigates the factors which influence the foundation of small to medium-sized enterprise (SME). An experiental research was carried out,
the sampling space of which includes 140 small to medium-sized enterprises of Serres' prefecture. The results elect the contribution and the gravity of variables that is related with: the profile of businessman (demographic characteristics, previous labour and enterprising experience Mr a.), the process of foundation of enterprise (sources of pumping of information, reception decision, initial investment, problems that were presented Mr a.), the characteristics of newly founded enterprise (object, legal regime, number of occupied Mr a.) and the 1st time of operation (turnover, sales Mr a.). More concretely in capital 5 we analyze almost the all variables with the help of descriptive statistics and we insist a little more in those that constitute the factors of foundation of small to medium-sized enterprise. In capital 6 we pass in the next stage by "detecting" relations between two variables of the questionnaire. The criterion with which it becomes the control is the H control of independence and we only report those who present interest (that is to say there that exists some relation). Advancing in capital 7 we penetrate at some way in the Multidimensional Analysis. We apply Factorial Analysis with the use of method of powerful cohesive components. The application applies on the reasons of foundation of an enterprise in general. We report the analytic all steps and the all reasoning until we lead to the final stage from which we draw conclusions. And in last capital (8) we realise Cluster Analysis the 140 cases so that we can lead to certain profiles of businessmen with concrete characteristics. That is to say from Fractional Analysis we take certain directions, with which in combination with Cluster Analysis we locate concrete reasons of foundation of enterprise for concretely profile of businessmen. Finally, because the application of all the above methods, results a very big number of tables, which it was impossible to be registered in the work. For this reason in the Annex we have put the all tables that we used in the practical part of work.
Books on the topic "Established reasons"
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Nelson, Natasha. Establish reasons why black British U.K.acts travel to the U.S?. LCP, 2000.
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Berkel, Klaas, and Guus Termeer. The University of Groningen in the World. Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789085551249.
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The University of Groningen has been an international university since its foundation in 1614. The first professors formed a rich international community, and many students came from outside the Netherlands, especially from areas now belonging to Germany. Internationalization, a popular slogan nowadays, is therefore nothing new, but its meaning has changed over time. How did the University of Groningen grow from a provincial institution established for religious reasons into a top-100 university with 36,000 students, of whom 25% come from abroad and almost half of the academic staff is of foreign descent? What is the identity of this four-century-old university that is still strongly anchored in the northern part of the Netherlands but that also has a mind that is open to the world? The history of the university, as told by Klaas van Berkel and Guus Termeer, ends with a short paragraph on the impact of the corona crisis.
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Kane, Marion E. An investigation to establish whether undergraduate nurses conform with ward practice in their selection of two-personlifts associated with transferring a patient up the bed: And to examine their reasons for doing so. The Author], 1991.
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Board, Canada National Energy. Reasons for decision in the matter of TransCanada Pipelines Limited: Application for approval to establish a new receipt and delivery point, the North Bay Junction, and for the corresponding tolls for services to and from the point. National Energy Board, 2004.
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Board, Ontario Environmental Assessment. Reasons for decision and decision: In the matter of an application by the Town of Meaford and the Township of St. Vincent to establish a waste disposal site at West Half of Lot 16, Concession 9 in the Township of St. Vincent : dated at Toronto this 13th day of December, 1990. s.n, 1990.
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Parfit, Derek. Subjectivist Reasons. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198778608.003.0014.
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This chapter examines some arguments made in favour of subjectivism. It considers the claim that, if we were fully procedurally rational, we would want to avoid future agony because such agony would interfere with our exercise of our rational capacities. This reply does not explain why we cannot have any reason to want to avoid agony, not as a means of fulfilling some other present desire, but as an end, or for its own sake. There is also the argument that, unless the concept of a reason to have some desire can be reduced to the concept of a reason to have some belief, we cannot have any reasons to have desires. This ingenious argument does not, however, succeed, as the first premise can be plausibly revised to counter the established view on subjectivism. In addition to these arguments, the chapter also explores a different interpretation of these views.
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The Case for Family Worship: An Answer to the Question, Upon What Scripture Grounds and Reasons May Family Worship Be Established and Enforced? Soli Deo Gloria Ministries, 2005.
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Lopes, Dominic McIver. Feckless Reason. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796657.003.0003.
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Empirical research on aesthetic response poses two challenges to philosophy. The more familiar challenge is that scientific explanations of aesthetic responses debunk what we take to be our reasons for those responses. One reaction to this challenge is an accommodation strategy that seeks to reconcile the scientific findings with an improved understanding of our normative reasons. This paper presents a more fundamental challenge: a well-established body of research in social psychology indicates that we routinely confabulate the reasons we give for our aesthetic response. This challenges the accommodation strategy and suggests that philosophy should adopt a more radical naturalism about aesthetic response.
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Shaffer, Elinor. Coleridge's Reception on the Continent. Edited by Frederick Burwick. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199644179.013.0037.
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This article examines the literary influence of Samuel Taylor Coleridge in Europe. It explains that Coleridge's reputation outside England has been largely ignored for quite special reasons. The first reason is that Coleridge's oeuvre in English has only very recently been established through the long labours on the richly annotated Collected Coleridge, the Letters, and the Notebooks. Another reason is that Coleridge's relations with Europe have unusually been viewed through the other end of the lens: his own borrowings from European thinkers.
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Yaffe, Gideon. The Weight of a Legal Reason. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803324.003.0006.
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This chapter forwards a theory of the strength of legal reasons under which how much say a person has over the law matters to how strong his legal reasons are. Three measures of strength are discussed: (1) a statutory measure, set by the severity of a statutorily specified penalty, (2) an institutional measure, set by the amount of force employed by legal institutions, and (3) an expressive measure, set by the amount of disapproval expressed by the law. The strength of a legal reason provided by a fact for a particular person, in any of these three senses, is a function of the person’s complicity in the legal facts thanks to which the fact provides a legal reason with a given strength. Complicity, in the relevant sense, it is suggested, is established by the person’s degree of say over the relevant body of legal facts.
Book chapters on the topic "Established reasons"
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Howe, Andrew. "Revising Long-Established Population Estimates in Australia: Reasons, Methods and Implications." In Applied Demography Series. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43329-5_19.
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Chavura, Stephen A., John Gascoigne, and Ian Tregenza. "The brief rise and fall of the Australian colonial established church." In Reason, Religion and the Australian Polity. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429467059-2.
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Hoyle, Carolyn, and Mai Sato. "Responding to Wrongful Convictions." In Reasons to Doubt. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794578.003.0001.
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This chapter provides a background on the Criminal Cases Review Commission of England and Wales, first by tracing its origins and remit and then comparing its post-conviction review procedures with those of other jurisdictions. It was the Criminal Appeal Act 1907, which established the Court of Criminal Appeal, that introduced the first system of regular appeals against criminal conviction in England and Wales. The Court of Criminal Appeal was the forerunner of today's Court (Criminal Division), created in 1966. Since the Commission started work in 1997, it has received thousands of applications relating to wrongful convictions and/or sentences. After discussing the history of the Criminal Cases Review Commission in the UK, the chapter considers post-conviction review in other parts of the world, focusing on Scotland, Norway, North Carolina, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.
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Beckingham, David. "Liverpool: The making of a licensed city." In The Licensed City. Liverpool University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9781781383438.003.0001.
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This chapter establishes Liverpool’s unenviable statistical record for drunkenness. It examines the nature of municipal comparison, interrogating the reasons for Liverpool’s record and critically assessing the nature of the available evidence. It established that the pressure for reform came as much from vocal campaigners within Liverpool as critics looking on from outside the city. It considers the place of drink in Liverpool’s complex and changing politics, and establishes how reform to policing and licensing emerged as a politically practical option for the city to tackle its reputation. The final section provides a chapter outline of the remaining book.
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Gountras, Olga. "Social Work Practice in the Compensation Context." In Practical and Political Approaches to Recontextualizing Social Work. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6784-5.ch006.
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There are multiple synergies between social work and the law, and the two professions have common goals. The law underpins social work practice via legislation and legal processes. Despite this, social work services in a plaintiff law firm remains a unique practice setting. This chapter provides a description of the establishment of such a service in Australia. It explains the reason for it, how it was established, the practice model, spheres of influence, and reasons for its success. The service is a role model for successful multidisciplinary practice for better client outcomes.
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McDonald, Oonagh. "Yet more banks are involved." In Holding bankers to account. Manchester University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526119438.003.0004.
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This chapter sets out the ways in which other banks manipulated LIBOR, using the same techniques and for the same reasons. As the Final Notice to UBS makes clear, the methods used were due in large part to one trader moving from one bank to another, so that networks of contacts were established.
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Dickinson, A. B. "Twentieth-Century Sealing on the Falkland Islands." In Seal Fisheries of the Falkland Islands and Dependencies. Liverpool University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9780973893441.003.0007.
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This chapter discusses the twentieth century sealing industry in the Falklands, paying particular attention to the Falklands Islands and Dependencies Sealing Company - established in 1928 - and their subsequent operation in the Falklands. It examines the company’s catch distribution; catch and production rates; and assets and liabilities in the 1920s and 1930s. It also explores the government’s role in twentieth-century sealing, noting the laudable attempts at re-establishing a stable industry, but that ultimately they made several major errors of judgement, such as basing quotas on outdated statistics. The conclusion identifies declining stock, poor demand, and high operating costs as key reasons for the failure of the Falkland Islands to establish a successful sealing industry in the twentieth century.
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Gajanayaka, Anuradha Chaminda. "Fixed Priced Projects in Agile." In Advances in Systems Analysis, Software Engineering, and High Performance Computing. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9858-1.ch012.
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Agile software development has established as a reliable alternative to waterfall software development model. Unfortunately the use of agile software development has been limited to time based contracts and not for time limited contracts. The main reason for this limitation is the “Agile manifesto” itself. The forth value of the manifesto states that agile believers find more value in “Responding to change over following a plan”. This is the one of the main reasons why agile software development methods are not preferred for a fixed priced contract or time limited contract. The following case study provides an example on how the agile software development can be used for fixed priced software development contracts even when operating in offshore context. The agile software development concepts were used throughout to plan, execute, monitor, report, etc. for the project documented in this case study.
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Brewer, Jeffrey L. "Project Management Best Practices to Increase Success." In Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, First Edition. IGI Global, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-553-5.ch412.
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Utilizing good project management practices has become one of the key differentiators in delivering successful information technology projects. Kerzner (2001) defines project management as “the planning, organizing, directing, and controlling of company resources for a relatively short-term objective that has been established to complete specific goals and objectives” (p. 4). The field of project management has seen explosive growth in the amount of individuals holding a job title such as project manager, in the amount of research being conducted, and in the amount of books and articles being published. This paper explores the reasons for this growth, the reasons why project management has become so important to the on-going success of IT projects and thus the success of organizations and what future directions the field of project management will travel.
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Reed-Sandoval, Amy. "Rethinking “Open Borders”." In Socially Undocumented. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190619800.003.0007.
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This chapter seeks to problematize the so-called open borders option as a means for undermining the oppressive constraints associated with socially undocumented identity. Its goal is to create conceptual space for a philosophical conversation about the legitimacy of our current system of borders and its relationship to ongoing socially undocumented oppression that is not beholden to established frameworks of the established open borders debate. First, it explores a range of reasons why one might argue that opening borders could reduce socially undocumented oppression. Second, it argues that despite this appeal of an open borders policy, such oppression could nevertheless continue to exist in an “open borders world.” Third, it argues positively that eliminating borders is not, at present, the most effective means for addressing socially undocumented oppression.
Conference papers on the topic "Established reasons"
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Hoernig, T., H. W. Kopfer, and C. Friedrich. "Torque Vibrations in Automatized Screw Assembly: Reasons, Elimination and Virtual Testing." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-62347.
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Today the torque controlled tightening method for screw assembly is an established process in industries undertaking large scale productions [12]. In this tightening method an instability of friction during the tightening procedure leads to an imprecise stop of the electronic tightening tool affecting the preload. Besides this heavy noise emission occurs due to vibrations. Because of shorter and shorter cycle times in automated screw assembly, higher precision requirements, new surface pairings (e.g. Cr(VI)-free) with changed coefficients of friction and more complex assemblies with difficult access to the joint, result in an increased number of torque vibrations on automatized screw assembly (also called stick-slip). Due to highly interconnected production flows, the productivity is hereby significantly interrupted. This means significant financial loss because of a small screw which stops the entire production line. This contribution entitles the reasons for the origin of torque vibrations as well as advices for elimination.
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Pismenny, Joseph, Yeshayahou Levy, and Asaf Modelevsky. "Potential Erroneous Interpretations of Pressure Signals as Beats During Established Rotating Stall." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-95269.
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Investigation of the nature and properties of dynamic processes using different methods of processing of the measured signals may lead to erroneous interpretations and conclusions. One of the reasons for erroneous interpretations is applying only one analysis method. The use of two different methods allows reducing erroneous conclusions but does not eliminate them completely. Such erroneous conclusions concerning pressure oscillations during rotating stall in axial compressors are described when two conventional methods of information processing (auto-correlation functions and frequency characteristics) were used for analyzing processes with changing frequencies and amplitudes of oscillation. These methods have been used for the analysis of aerodynamic processes during little change in frequency (a process very close to the established). This led to an erroneous estimation of the characteristics of the investigated process, namely to the interpretation of a beating effect during established rotating stall. It is shown that the use of a third method — the method of spectrograms — may allow the correct interpretation of the process, showing the absence of beats and the existence of a small change of main frequency of the rotating stall during the process, interpreted as established process. At the same time, it is shown that in the initial transient stage of pressure oscillation prior to the establishment of the rotating stall, beating or processes close to it can be observed.
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Manasov, Zamirbek. "Multilateralism versus Regionalism in Eurasia: Theoretical Reasons of Choosing Sides for Kyrgyzstan." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c02.00319.
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This paper asks whether Kyrgyzstan should take part in the newly established Customs Union among Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia or in the World Trade Organization (WTO). From the start of the foundation of the new Customs Union there have been deep discussions among the proponents and opponents of organization. This issue attracted extra attention and interest because the new Customs Union includes non-members of the World Trade Organization such as Russia, Belarus, and Kazakhstan. In Addition, the new Customs Union, unlike previous regional trade agreements, has formed a supranational body –the Custom Union Commission - which will decide on Common External Tariffs. Kyrgyzstan is already a member country of WTO and is going to join the new Customs Union. How will this membership work for Kyrgyzstan in short and long-term period? Will the new Customs Union be substitutive or complementary to the WTO in the development of international trade of Kyrgyzstan? Which side would be more beneficial for Kyrgyzstan: membership to a regional Customs Union or to a multilateral WTO? This paper hopes to answer these main questions. This paper will have five sections. Section one will provide a brief introduction. Section two will analyze the development of regionalism and multilateralism in the region. In section three, theoretical compatibility of regionalism and multilateralism will be discussed. Section four will determine what can be proposed for the current situation of Kyrgyzstan according to selected theoretical literature. Concluding remarks will be given in last section.
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Myant, C., and H. A. Spikes. "Film Thickness Study of Lubricated, Compliant Contacts." In ASME/STLE 2009 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2009-15251.
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Obtaining lubricant film thickness values within a compliant contact is a challenging problem for several reasons [1]: • Lubricant film thickness covers a wide range of values. • The required measuring range is from fractions to hundreds of microns. • Contact area is considerably large when compared to “hard”, metallic contacts. • Many soft components have a high roughness compared to surfaces usually investigated with established techniques.
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Zhu, Rongkai, Qun Zheng, Guoqiang Yue, and Jiguo Zou. "Researches of Similitude Theory for Axial Flow Helium Compressor." In ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-50937.
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In designing of a helium axial compressor from its homologous air compressor, the similarities between them have to be investigated. Such as how to establish the similarity criterion, how to prescribe the experimental air compressor’s parameters by the similitude laws, how to get the performance data of helium compressor from the air compressor test data etc, are important for the accurate design. The first stage of a high pressure helium compressor is taken as experimental model, with air as the working fluids in the experiments. The differences of physical parameters of helium and air, like density, viscosity, adiabatic exponent have been considered. The similitude laws used in the experiment have been established, and the reasons of deviation and correcting methods are analyzed. These results are useful references for the aerodynamic design of helium compressor.
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Yannou, Bernard, Jiliang Wang, and Pierre-Alain Yvars. "Computation of the Usage Contexts Coverage of a Jigsaw With CSP Techniques." In ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2010-28677.
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In the context of the Usage Context Based Design (UCBD) of a product-service, a taxonomy of variables is suggested to setup the link between the design parameters of a product-service and the part of a set of expected usages that may be covered. This paper implements a physics-based model to provide a performance prediction for each usage context that also depends on the user skill. The physics describing the behavior and consequently the performances of a jigsaw are established. Simulating numerically the usage coverage is non trivial for two reasons: the presence of circular references in physical relations and the need to efficiently propagate value sets or domains instead of accurate values. For these two reasons, we modeled the usage coverage issue as a Constraint Satisfaction Problem and we result in the expected service performances and a value of a covered usage indicator.
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Blasko, Daniel S., David Aindow, and Kuldeep K. Mistry. "Enhancements in the Performance of Journal Bearing Grease." In 2019 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2019-1302.
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Wheelsets are removed from service for many reasons by North American Interchange Service. For example, journal bearings can be the cause of wheelset removal when operating temperature or acoustic signatures recorded by wayside detectors exceed certain limits. The Association of American Railroads (AAR) has established 13 failure progression modes to categorize the reason a bearing sets off one of these two detection systems. This study focuses on two failure progression modes: water etch caused by corrosion and issues associated with lubrication (grease). Greases for rail journal bearings are expected to satisfy a wide variety of requirements such as moisture tolerance, mechanical stability, vibration tolerance, range of operating temperatures and oxidation resistance, to name a few. This paper provides the reader an overview of several experiments and tests that were conducted with the goal of extending service life and reducing corrosion, including field tests used in the development of advanced journal bearing greases for the rail industry. One such new grease formulation was tested in the UK with good results.
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Brady, C. O., and D. L. Luck. "The Increased Use of Gas Turbines as Commercial Marine Engines." In ASME 1993 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/93-gt-142.
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Over the last three decades, aeroderivative gas turbines have become established naval ship propulsion engines but use in the commercial marine field has been more limited. Today, aeroderivative gas turbines are being increasingly utilized as commercial marine engines. The primary reasons for the increased use of gas turbines is discussed and several recent GE aeroderivative gas turbine commercial marine applications are described with particular aspects of the gas turbine engine installations detailed. Finally, the potential for future commercial marine aeroderivative gas turbine applications is presented.
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D’Auria, Francesco, and Alessandro Petruzzi. "Uncertainties in Predictions by Complex System Codes." In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-57353.
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Uncertainty analysis aims at characterizing the errors associated with experiments and predictions of computer codes, in contradistinction with sensitivity analysis, which aims at determining the rate of change (i.e., derivative) in the predictions of codes when one or more (typically uncertain) input parameters varies within its range of interest. In the present paper the salient features of established approaches for estimating uncertainties associated with predictions of complex system codes are reviewed together with the reasons why uncertainty evaluation is mandatory in nuclear reactor safety and licensing.
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Chaudhary, Miriam E., and Peter S. Walker. "Investigation of an Early Intervention Tibial Component for Medial Osteoarthritis." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80258.
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Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is usually the treatment of choice for severe osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. Numerous clinical studies of TKA have shown high rates of long-term joint survival with good function [1]. Nevertheless, alternatives to this established procedure are being increasingly considered for several reasons. Postoperatively, patients frequently experience a slow rehabilitation and do not fully recover normal function [2]. On the other hand, there is a growing pressure to reduce operating time while increasing the use of less invasive surgical techniques.
Reports on the topic "Established reasons"
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Mackey, Katherine, Irina Arkhipova-Jenkins, Charlotte Armstrong, et al. Antibody Response Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Implications for Immunity: A Rapid Living Review. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccovidimmunity.
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Evidence suggests that the majority of adults develop detectable levels of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies following infection with SARS-CoV-2 (moderate strength of evidence* [SoE]). IgM levels peak approximately 20 days after symptom onset or RT-PCR diagnosis and subsequently decline. IgG levels peak approximately 25 days after symptom onset or RT-PCR diagnosis and may remain detectable for at least 120 days (moderate SoE*). Almost all adults develop neutralizing antibodies in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and these antibodies may remain detectable for at least 152 days (low SoE*). A small percentage of people do not develop antibodies in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection for reasons that are largely unclear but may be related to less severe disease or absence of symptoms. Antibody prevalence does not appear to vary by age or sex, but older age may be associated with higher antibody levels (low SoE*). Non-White race may be associated with higher antibody prevalence and levels (low SoE*). COVID-19 severity and presence of symptoms may also be associated with higher antibody prevalence or levels (low SoE*). More evidence is needed to draw stronger conclusions regarding how the antibody response varies by patient characteristics and disease factors. Studies to date have not established the relationship between the development of antibodies after RT-PCR-diagnosed SARS-CoV-2 infection and the risk of reinfection. Studies based on index serologic testing suggest that the presence of antibodies is associated with a lower risk of a subsequent positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test.
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Hendricks, Kasey. Data for Alabama Taxation and Changing Discourse from Reconstruction to Redemption. University of Tennessee, Knoxville Libraries, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7290/wdyvftwo4u.
Full textAbstract:
At their most basic level taxes carry, in the words of Schumpeter ([1918] 1991), “the thunder of history” (p. 101). They say something about the ever-changing structures of social, economic, and political life. Taxes offer a blueprint, in both symbolic and concrete terms, for uncovering the most fundamental arrangements in society – stratification included. The historical retellings captured within these data highlight the politics of taxation in Alabama from 1856 to 1901, including conflicts over whom money is expended upon as well as struggles over who carries their fair share of the tax burden. The selected timeline overlaps with the formation of five of six constitutions adopted in the State of Alabama, including 1861, 1865, 1868, 1875, and 1901. Having these years as the focal point makes for an especially meaningful case study, given how much these constitutional formations made the state a site for much political debate. These data contain 5,121 pages of periodicals from newspapers throughout the state, including: Alabama Sentinel, Alabama State Intelligencer, Alabama State Journal, Athens Herald, Daily Alabama Journal, Daily Confederation, Elyton Herald, Mobile Daily Tribune, Mobile Tribune, Mobile Weekly Tribune, Morning Herald, Nationalist, New Era, Observer, Tuscaloosa Observer, Tuskegee News, Universalist Herald, and Wilcox News and Pacificator. The contemporary relevance of these historical debates manifests in Alabama’s current constitution which was adopted in 1901. This constitution departs from well-established conventions of treating the document as a legal framework that specifies a general role of governance but is firm enough to protect the civil rights and liberties of the population. Instead, it stands more as a legislative document, or procedural straightjacket, that preempts through statutory material what regulatory action is possible by the state. These barriers included a refusal to establish a state board of education and enact a tax structure for local education in addition to debt and tax limitations that constrained government capacity more broadly. Prohibitive features like these are among the reasons that, by 2020, the 1901 Constitution has been amended nearly 1,000 times since its adoption. However, similar procedural barriers have been duplicated across the U.S. since (e.g., California’s Proposition 13 of 1978). Reference: Schumpeter, Joseph. [1918] 1991. “The Crisis of the Tax State.” Pp. 99-140 in The Economics and Sociology of Capitalism, edited by Richard Swedberg. Princeton University Press.