Journal articles: 'Established structures'

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Kacperczyk, Aleksandra J. "Opportunity Structures in Established Firms." Administrative Science Quarterly 57, no. 3 (2012): 484–521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0001839212462675.

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Abouljoud, M., G. Klintmalm, and S. Whitehouse. "Transplant Organizational Structures: Viewpoints From Established Centers." American Journal of Transplantation 12, no. 10 (2012): 2623–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-6143.2012.04189.x.

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Altenstetter, Christa, and Reinhard Busse. "Health Care Reform in Germany: Patchwork Change within Established Governance Structures." Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law 30, no. 1-2 (2005): 121–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/03616878-30-1-2-121.

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von Schleyer, P. Rague, and Christoph Maerker. "Exact structures of carbocations established by combined computational and experimental methods." Pure and Applied Chemistry 67, no. 5 (1995): 755–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac199567050755.

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Kalinina, Olga V., Oliver Wichmann, Gordana Apic, and Robert B. Russell. "Combinations of Protein-Chemical Complex Structures Reveal New Targets for Established Drugs." PLoS Computational Biology 7, no. 5 (2011): e1002043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002043.

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Hanegan, Kevin, Adrian Pearson, and Chris Williams. "INVESTIGATING LOW-CRESTED BREAKWATER PERFORMANCE FOR THE DESIGN OF THE NEW ORLEANS MUNICIPAL YACHT HARBOR." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.structures.58.

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The New Orleans Municipal Yacht Harbor (MYH) is located on the south shore of Lake Pontchartrain, 6 miles north of downtown New Orleans. The harbor was damaged during Hurricane Katrina in 2005, and recent city planning efforts have proposed reconstruction of the harbor interior. Moffatt & Nichol led the design, including the hydrodynamic study which established the marine design criteria. The site is exposed to high surge events which can inundate the harborâ€™s broad, low-crested earthen breakwater and allow waves to transmit directly into the interior.

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Yuksel, Z. Tugce, and Nobuhisa Kobayashi. "COMPARISON OF SILL AND REVETMENT IN REDUCING SHORE EROSION AND WAVE OVERTOPPING." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.structures.25.

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Sills (lowâ€“crested rubble mounds) are constructed to protect eroding bluffs and planted marshes in living shoreline projects (http://mycopri.org). Revetments are conventionally used to protect eroding shores and reduce wave overtopping and damage to backshore areas. However, revetment construction may result in loss of buffering wetlands. On the other hand, no established method exists to design the sill geometry (crest height, width and side slopes) and its distance from the eroding shore. This study compares the efficacies of the two different rubble structures with the same number of stones in order to clarify their similarity and difference for the purpose in reducing shore erosion and wave overtopping.

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Esteban, Miguel, Izumi Morikubo, Tomoya Shibayama, et al. "STABILITY OF RUBBLE MOUND BREAKWATERS AGAINST SOLITARY WAVES." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 33 (2012): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v33.structures.9.

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No formulas currently exist to design armour units against tsunami attack. To develop such formulae, laboratory experiments were carried out to clarify the failure mechanism of these types of structures. Also, the behavior of armour units against real cases of tsunami attack during the 2011 Tohoku tsunami were evaluated. Both the results of the laboratory experiments and the breakwaters studied in the field where then analyzed in terms of well established formulas such as that of Van der Meer or Hudson. The design of structures that only fail partially during a given tsunami event (“resilient” or “tenacious” structures) should be prioritized in future counter-measures, and in order to make it possible to construct such structures a modification of the Hudson formula for their design is proposed.

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Li, Wenchang, Takashi Harumoto, Yoshio Nakamura, and Ji Shi. "Primitive exchange coupling in CoPt/MnN layered structures: Exchange coupling established during deposition." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 538 (November 2021): 168331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2021.168331.

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Liu, Xiao. "Reliability Analysis of Engineering Structures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 333-335 (July 2013): 2262–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.333-335.2262.

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Introduces the concept and content of engineering structural reliability and reliability and reliable indexes, and considering the engineering structure reliability analysis of randomness and fuzziness, the fuzzy random reliability analysis model was established

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Kaveh, A., H. Rahami, and A. Jodaki. "Analysis of repetitive and near-repetitive structures by transformation to equivalent circulant structures." Engineering Computations 34, no. 2 (2017): 343–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-01-2016-0032.

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Purpose There are many structures that have a repetitive pattern. If a relationship can be established between a repetitive structure and a circulant structure, then the repetitive structure can be analyzed by using the properties of the corresponding circulant structure. The purpose of this paper is to develop such a transformation. Design/methodology/approach A circulant matrix has certain properties that can be used to reduce the complexity of the analysis. In this paper, repetitive and near-repetitive structures are transformed to circulant structures by adding and/or eliminating some elements of the structure. Numerical examples are provided to show the efficiency of the present method. Findings A transformation is established between a repetitive structure and a circulant structure, and the analysis of the repetitive structure is performed by using the properties of the corresponding circulant structure. Originality/value Repetitive and near-repetitive structures are transformed to circulant structures, and the complexity of the analysis of the former structures is reduced by analyzing the latter structures.

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Voskobijnyk, A. V., V. M. Turick, O. A. Voskoboinyk, and V. A. Voskoboinick. "DIMPLE GENERATOR OF VORTEX STRUCTURES." Journal of Numerical and Applied Mathematics, no. 1 (135) (2021): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2706-9699.2021.1.12.

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The paper presents the results of experimental studies of the space-time characteristics of the velocity and pressure field inside a hemispherical dimple on a flat surface. The features of the formation and development of vortex structures generated inside the dimple, as well as their interaction with the streamlined surface of the dimple and the boundary layer were established. Integral, spectral and correlation characteristics of the field of velocity, dynamic and wall pressure fluctuations were obtained. The velocities and directions of transfer of large-scale vortex structures and small-scale vortices inside the dimple were determined. The frequencies of rotations and ejections of large-scale vortices, the frequencies of oscillations of the vortex flow inside the dimple and self-oscillations of the vortex structures of the shear layer, their subharmonics and harmonics of higher orders were established.

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Fodor, Oana C., and Alina Maria Flestea. "When fluid structures fail." Team Performance Management 22, no. 3/4 (2016): 156–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tpm-11-2015-0055.

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Purpose This paper aims to examine the dynamics of the communication network established within a multi-team system (MTS) and analyzes its implications for the MTS processes, emergent states and performance during a search and rescue operation. Design/methodology/approach The authors take a bifocal approach and combine both network analysis metrics and a qualitative analysis of the message content in addressing the research questions. Findings The findings illustrate the emergence of a decentralized network and that the extent to which decentralization is conducive toward MTS performance also depends on the density of the communication lines established among the component teams (CTs) and the communication content. Low density of the communication network was associated with impaired MTS processes and low effectiveness. Node centrality metrics indicate a limited connectivity between the leader of the operation and the MTS CTs, also with negative impact on MTS performance. Whereas, informal CTs become central to the MTS communication network and positively influence MTS performance during the last episodes of the mission. Originality/value This paper is among the first to use a social network approach to the study of MTS functioning and illustrates how the fluid structure of the MTS alters communication networks, which in turn influence other MTS processes, emergent states and overall performance.

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Ramakrishnan, Vibin, Ranjit Ranbhor, Anil Kumar, and Susheel Durani. "The Link between Sequence and Conformation in Protein Structures Appears To Be Stereochemically Established." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 110, no. 18 (2006): 9314–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp056417e.

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15

Holley, Lyn. "Social Games: The Intersection of Established Reward Structures and Exercise for Older Rural Adults." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (2020): 615–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2090.

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Abstract A high percentage of older adults engages with games; however research about impacts of gaming on older adults is focused almost exclusively on games intended to strengthen cognitive health or slow age-related cognitive decline, very little relates gaming to exercise. Rural –dwelling older adults are underrepresented in this as in other health-related research. Nonetheless, recent developments that explore effectiveness of embedding positive health behaviors (including exercise) in established games such as Bingo hold great promise for addressing the endemic social isolation and chronically debilitating conditions often associated with rural aging. Using recent research with a challenging population group (rural Appalachian older adults) as an anchor for discussion, this paper describes the state of the art of such interventions and, through a multinational lens, finds that these suggest a new direction for gaming design that could enhance effectiveness of the use of gaming to improve health and happiness of rural adults. Part of a symposium sponsored by the Rural Aging Interest Group.

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Stagonas, Dimitris, Gerald Muller, Karunya Ramachandran, Stefan Schimmels, and Alec Dane. "DISTRIBUTION OF IMPACT INDUCED PRESSURES AT THE FACE OF UNIFORMLY SLOPED SEA DIKES: PRELIMINARY 2D EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 33 (2012): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v33.structures.74.

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Although existing knowledge on the vertical distribution of impact pressures on sea-dikes is well established only very little is known with respect to their horizontal distribution. A collaboration developed between the University of Southampton, Uk and FZK, Hannover looks in more detail at the distribution of pressures induced by waves breaking on the face of a sea-dike. For this, 2D large scale experiments with waves breaking on a 1:3 sea dike were conducted but instead of pressure transducers a tactile pressure sensor was used to map the impact pressures. Such sensors were initially used with breaking waves in the University of Southampton and their use for large scale experiments was attempted here for the first time. In the current paper the calibration and application of the tactile sensor for experiments involving up to 1m high and 8sec long waves are initially described. Preliminary results illustrating the simultaneous distribution of impact induced pressures over an area of 426.7x487.7mm are then presented. Based on these pressure maps the vertical and horizontal location of maximum breaking wave induced pressures is also deduced.

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CARIÑENA, JOSÉ F., JOANA M. NUNES DA COSTA, and PATRÍCIA SANTOS. "REDUCTION OF LIE ALGEBROID STRUCTURES." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 02, no. 05 (2005): 965–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887805000909.

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Based on the ideas of Marsden–Ratiu, a reduction method for Lie algebroids is developed in such a way that the canonical projection onto the reduced Lie algebroid is a homomorphism of Lie algebroids. A relation between Poisson reduction and Lie algebroid reduction is established. Reduction of Lie algebroids with symmetry is also studied using this method.

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De Araújo Burcharth, Ana Luiza, and John Parm Ulhøi. "Structural Approaches to Organizing for Radical Innovation in Established Firms." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 12, no. 2 (2011): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/ijei.2011.0025.

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Management research has consolidated around the idea that organic structures (typically found in start-ups and young firms) are better at generating novel ideas and products, while mechanistic ones (typically found in established companies) are better at generating incremental improvements. Therefore, the usual recommendation to established firms with the goal of producing radical innovations is to develop them outside the firm itself. This paper questions this ‘standard solution’ and discusses alternative organizational approaches to producing radical innovation that avoid extreme forms of separation and relate to critical contextual issues. The paper ends with a discussion of implications for managers.

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Ivanoff, B. Gail, and N. C. Weber. "Spreadable arrays and martingale structures." Journal of the Australian Mathematical Society 79, no. 2 (2005): 277–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1446788700010491.

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AbstractKallenberg has introduced the concept of conditional spreadability for random sequences and has developed characterizations of this property in terms of one dimensional martingales and optional times, and as well has proven a predictable sampling theorem. This paper investigates the relationship between planar martingale structures and the natural analogues of conditional spreadability when extended to arrays of random elements. Analogues of the predictable sampling theorem are also established for spreadable arrays.

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Kang, ZC, and L. Eyring. "The Structural Basis of the Fluorite-Related Rare Earth Higher Oxides." Australian Journal of Chemistry 49, no. 9 (1996): 981. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9960981.

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In this paper phenomenological structural principles, and rules for their application are advanced for predicting the ideal structures of the higher oxides of the rare earths that (1) establish a generic formula incorporating all known phases, (2) guide the correct modeliing of the established structures of members, (3) demonstrate that structures previously proposed but proven incorrect do not follow the structural principles, (4) predict the structures not yet established for known phases, including polymorphs, (5) provide rationalization for phases fitting the generic formula that have not yet been found. The structural principles flow naturally from the fluorite substructure characteristic of all established phases.

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MASTERSON, JOHN T. "UNIQUENESS OF AFFINE STRUCTURES ON RIEMANN SURFACES." Tamkang Journal of Mathematics 23, no. 2 (1992): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5556/j.tkjm.23.1992.4531.

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   Let $M$ be any compact Riemann surface of genus $g\ge 2$. It is first established that there do not exist on $M$ any generic low- degree simple polar variations of branched affine structures having fixed nonpolar and polar branch data and fixed induced character homomorphism $\tilde \psi$. Hence, these structures depend uniquely on the branch data and the homomorphism. A related result is also established concerning the nonexistence on $M$ of generic low-degree single-point variations of branched affine structures having fixed homomorphism $\tilde \psi$. These resuits depend on the Noether and Weierstrass gaps on $M$. Corollaries are derived concerning mappings induced by sections of vector bundles of affine structures and concerning structures on an arbitrary hyperelliptic or elliptic ($g =1$) surface $M$.   

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Tsunenari, Ichiro, Jyoji Yamate, Masae Iwaki, Mitsuru Kuwamura, Takao Kotani, and Sadashige Sakuma. "Angioarchitecture of Tumors Induced by Two Different Cloned Cell Lines Established from a Transplantable Rat Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma." Microscopy and Microanalysis 9, no. 6 (2003): 532–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927603030289.

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Angiogenesis, a biologic process whereby endothelial cells divide and migrate to form new blood vessels, is a key step in tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. In the present study, we investigated the differences in angioarchitecture between two different tumors induced by cloned cell lines (MT-8 and MT-9), derived from a transplantable rat malignant fibrous histiocytoma, by scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts. During a 3-week observation period after implantation, the growth of MT-8 tumors appeared to be faster than that of MT-9 tumors. Histologically, MT-8 tumors were of the uniformly undifferentiated sarcoma type arranged in characteristic organoid structures, and MT-9 tumors showed a storiform growth pattern. In MT-8 tumors, neovascularization occurred by sprouting at postimplantation (PI) week 1, and the newly formed capillaries gradually became more tortuous. In MT-9 tumors, at PI week 1, the corrosion casts of newly formed capillaries mainly showed a wavy course but no fingerlike outgrowths of capillaries were seen. At PI weeks 2 and 3, the sprouting was seen specifically in MT-9 tumors, forming basketlike structures and glomeruloid structures of capillaries. These results indicate that angiogenesis or angioarchitecture of MT-8 tumors is different from that of MT-9 tumors, depending on the differences in their tumor histology and by the features like absence or presence of basketlike structures and glomeruloid structures of capillaries.

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Szidonya, László, Miklós Cserző, and László Hunyady. "Dimerization and oligomerization of G-protein-coupled receptors: debated structures with established and emerging functions." Journal of Endocrinology 196, no. 3 (2008): 435–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe-07-0573.

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Dimerization or oligomerization of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is a novel concept, which may lead to the reevaluation of the actions of pharmacological ligands, hormones, neurotransmitters, and other mediators acting on GPCRs. Although a large number of data obtained using different biophysical, biochemical and structural methods, and functional approaches argue for dimerization or oligomerization of these receptors, several publications criticized the applied methods and challenged the concept. The aim of this paper is to review the data that support the concept of receptor oligomerization, and the most important arguments against it. We conclude that it will require major methodical improvements to obtain decisive proof, whether GPCRs exist in their native membrane environments as homo- or heterodimeric or oligomeric complexes, in which receptor monomers have stable direct interactions. However, overwhelming amounts of data suggest that many GPCRs exhibit functional properties that require direct or indirect interactions between clustered receptors. Although it is difficult to conclude, about the exact nature of these interactions, dimerization or oligomerization of GPCRs is a useful paradigm for pharmacologists to study properties of receptors, which require functionally important clustering of receptors, such as trafficking of newly synthesized receptors to the cell surface, allosteric modulation of ligand binding, signaling specificity, co-internalization, or cross-inhibition of GPCRs.

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John Ekwenye, Evans Mong’are Ooga;. "Current Established Structures That Run SDA Church Programs in Nakuru East and West Sub-Counties." Editon Consortium Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Studies 1, no. 1 (2019): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.51317/ecjahss.v1i1.75.

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Spiritual growth and development of the Seventh-day Adventist church are significant in its life. It is important that the church fulfils its mandate of reaching people with the gospel and retain those who have already believed. While there is generally a growth in membership in the Adventist church in Africa, this is not the case in the Seventh-day Adventist churches in East and West Sub-counties in Nakuru County, Kenya. This study examined the currently established structures that run SDA church programs in Nakuru East and West Sub-counties. The researcher employed descriptive research designs with both qualitative and quantitative research methods. The results indicated that believers indeed had spiritual challenges that hindered the church from growing. It was found out that with commitment and education in the word of God members have the potential to reach the masses with the word of God. The findings from the study indicate that the Sabbath school and afternoon programs were poorly attended. It was also observed that family life becomes very repulsive because it touched on the personal lives of Members. It has been observed that though structures are in place, there is difficulty in fulfilling the programs on time. The leaders of the churches in this locality will need to work together with the laity in addressing the spiritual challenges. When they work together results be a religious people and a church ready to fulfil God's mission. The spiritual leaders need to take a front lead. In addition, departmental leaders in the church should design spiritual programs that are vibrant and that are inclusive encourage the participation of all members.

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Carr, Athol J. "Dynamic analysis of structures." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 27, no. 2 (1994): 129–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.27.2.129-146.

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    This paper is the result of discussions of the study group on Dynamic Analysis established by the New Zealand National Society for Earthquake Engineering and whose brief was to provide some guidance to design engineers on the usage of the dynamic analysis methods that are becoming more common in structural design with the stricter requirements of the seismic loadings requirements of NZS 4203:1992. The paper first of all discusses the concepts of dynamic analyses of single mass systems and then extends this to the modal analysis methods for the analyses of multi-mass systems. The paper then covers a variety of aspects that may be of concern in performing the dynamic analyses and in the modelling of structures.   

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Huang, Dan, Guang Da Lu, and Meng Wei Wang. "Peridynamic Modeling of Concrete Structures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 638-640 (September 2014): 1725–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.638-640.1725.

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An improved nonlocal peridynamic model was proposed to analyze the progressive failure and crack propagation in concrete structures. Integration-typed equations of motion rather than partial differential equations are utilized so that the cracks will propagate naturally as a consequence of simulation. The anisotropy of concrete and the short-range repulsion between material points were incorporated into the pericynamic constitutive model for concrete, and the damage of material was defined locally at the level of pairwise bond. Its validity was established through qualitative and quantitative comparisons against finite element analysis and experimental observations.

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Casonato, S. G., S. M. Reynolds, M. A. Manning, and I. J. Horner. "Impact of covered structures on PsaV in kiwifruit vines." New Zealand Plant Protection 66 (January 8, 2013): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2013.66.5691.

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Trials have been established in three Bay of Plenty kiwifruit orchards to determine the impact of blockscale breathableplastic covers on the progression of PsaV (Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae) in preinfected established vines and in newly grafted uninfected plants On each orchard there were three replicated covered areas each spanning four rows and five bays with the uncovered control areas adjacent Two sites with established previously infected vines showed little or no reduction in the expression of disease relative to that observed in vines in uncovered control areas No major progression of disease was observed in one of these orchards In the second there was widespread expression of PsaV symptoms postgirdling irrespective of whether they were covered or not In the third orchard uninfected grafted vines planted under the canopies of mature infected vines remained relatively disease free compared with similar vines not under cover where numerous leaf spots and secondary symptoms were observed The trials will continue to be monitored

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Zhai, Bao Gai, Qing Lan Ma, and Yuan Ming Huang. "Electronic Structures of Oligomers of Pyrrole." Materials Science Forum 663-665 (November 2010): 658–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.663-665.658.

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The electronic structures of oligomers of pyrrole have been calculated using the extended Hückel tight-binding program. The energy diagrams are shown for oligomers as the number of the repeating unit in the oligomers increases from 1 to 16. The relationship between the energy gap of the oligomers and the number of the repeating unit in the oligomers is established. Blue-green photoluminescence and electroluminescence from one-dimensional polypyrrole are predicted.

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Voytekhovsky, Yu L., A. A. Zakharova, and M. D. Klimochenkov. "Modeling petrographic structures. Paper 2." Vestnik of Geosciences 12 (2020): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.19110/geov.2020.12.3.

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For the purposes of modeling and classification of structures and textures of bimineral rocks, a diagram of a new type is proposed — a barycentric tetrahedron (piii, piij, pijj, pjjj) of probabilities of ternary intergrain contacts. The position of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium line is calculated. Correspondences between the classification fields and boundaries in the barycentric tetrahedron and the previously proposed barycentric triangle (pii, pij, pjj) of the probabilities of binary intergrain contacts are established. The prospects for the classification of petrographic structures and textures in a barycentric tetrahedron based on Newton's classification of curves of the 3rd order are discussed.

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Zhang, Dongjian, Xitao Zheng, Chongzhe Wang, and Zhen Wu. "Experiments and Analysis on Stability of the Sandwich Structures with Soft Core." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 19, no. 12 (2019): 1950159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455419501591.

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In this paper, first a complete buckling experiment of the sandwich beams with the foam core is carried out, which includes the manufacturing of specimens and their experimental verification. Second, a refined sinusoidal zig-zag theory (RSZT) is established, which can describe the zig-zag effect during the in-plane compression of sandwich beam and accommodate the transverse shear free surface boundary conditions. Based on the established model combined with Hu–Washizu variational principle, a two-node beam element has been developed to address the buckling problem of the sandwich beams. Thus, the established beam element is able to accommodate interlaminar continuous conditions of transverse shear stress. Several examples have been investigated to validate the accuracy of the established method. The comparative analysis of the results including experimental data, the results acquired from three-dimensional finite element (3D-FEM) and diverse models has been made. Comparative analysis shows that the accurate buckling loads can be acquired from the established model. Nevertheless, other models discarding the continuous conditions of transverse stresses among the adjacent layers largely overestimate the critical loads.

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ROSENDAL, CHRISTIAN, and JOSEPH ZIELINSKI. "COMPACT METRIZABLE STRUCTURES AND CLASSIFICATION PROBLEMS." Journal of Symbolic Logic 83, no. 1 (2018): 165–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jsl.2017.39.

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AbstractWe introduce and study the framework of compact metric structures and their associated notions of isomorphisms such as homeomorphic and bi-Lipschitz isomorphism. This is subsequently applied to model various classification problems in analysis such as isomorphism of C*-algebras and affine homeomorphism of Choquet simplices, where among other things we provide a simple proof of the completeness of the isomorphism relation of separable, simple, nuclear C*-algebras recently established by M. Sabok.

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LIAN, BIN, Chuanliang Cui, Xin Song, et al. "Mucosal melanoma staging and classification: Firstly established." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (2019): e21008-e21008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e21008.

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e21008 Background: Mucosal melanomas (MM) have a significantly worse survival outcome than cutaneous melanoma. The current staging rules for cutaneous melanoma do not apply to mucosal melanoma. Our previous studies have demonstrated mucosal melanomas arising from different anatomic sites can be staged and treated as a single disease entity. We are recommending a new evidence-based staging system for mucosal melanoma. Methods: The mucosal melanoma staging recommendations were made on the basis of a multivariate analysis of 543 patients with stages I, II, and III melanoma and 547 patients with stage IV melanoma to clarify TNM classifications and stage grouping criteria. Results: New staging definitions include the following: (1) in patients with localized melanoma, the depth of tumor invasion of the primary melanomas is the most dominant prognostic factor: T1 for tumor invading mucosa or submucosa; T2 for tumor invading the muscularis propria; T3 for tumor invading adventitia; T4 for tumor invading adjacent structures; (2) The dominant prognostic factor for regional nodal metastases is the number of metastatic nodes: N1 for 1 regional metastatic node; N2 for 2 or more regional metastatic nodes; (3) On the basis of a multivariate analysis of patients with distant metastases, the dominant component in defining the M category is the site of distant metastases (M1:lung only vs. M2:liver only vs. M3:brain only vs. M4:all other visceral metastatic sites). An elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase level would be designated in parenthesis. The staging grouping of mucosal melanoma can be defined as follow: (1) stage I: T1N0M0; (2) Stage II:T2-4N0M0; (3) Stage IIIA: T1-4N1M0, Stage IIIB: T1-4N2M0; (4) Stage IV: anyTanyNM1-4. Conclusions: Using an evidence-based approach, the proposed staging system of mucosal melanoma is the first to be established that reflects our improved understanding of this disease.

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Kowalkowska-Zedler, Daria, Natalia Nedelko, Katarzyna Kazimierczuk, et al. "Novel tetrahedral cobalt(ii) silanethiolates: structures and magnetism." RSC Advances 10, no. 49 (2020): 29100–29108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra06036d.

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Structural, spectral and thermal properties of three tetrahedral Co(ii) silanethiolates were established by XRD, FTIR for solid samples and TGA. The magnetic properties were investigated by static magnetic measurements and X-band EPR spectroscopy.

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Baird, David, and Ian E. Winkle. "Construction Cost Optimization of Buoyant Steel Structures." Journal of Ship Production 1, no. 04 (1985): 259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.1985.1.4.259.

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The need for a rational means of comparing structures in terms of not only weight but also construction time and cost is established. This paper describes a database and methodology used at Glasgow University which is proposed as a general method for cost estimation and optimization. Examples are given to demonstrate the use and capabilities of the proposed method.

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Liu, Shi Bin, and Lei Duan. "The Development of Prefabricated Concrete Structures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 680 (October 2014): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.680.81.

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This Prefabricated concrete structures have low carbon environmental protection, short construction period and engineering quality controllable feature. With the engineering background of a nine prefabricated concrete frame structure, the author established the numerical model using structural nonlinear software SNAP, and using different Peak acceleration EL Centro wave Taft wave, and Shanghai artificial SHW2 wave time history analysis. Get the angular displacement between the layers of the structure drift angle between structural. Less than the limit prescribed in the "Seismic Design".

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Zamir, Lolita O., Maria E. Nedea, Zhen-Hua Zhou, et al. "Taxus canadensis taxanes: structures and stereochemistry." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 73, no. 5 (1995): 655–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v95-084.

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The structures and stereochemistry of 14 taxanes isolated from Taxuscanadensis have been rigorously established by high-resolution NMR techniques and mass spectrometry. Taxuscanadensis is the only yew that accumulates 9-dihydro-13-acetylbaccatin III (also called 7,9-deacetylbaccatin VI) as the most abundant taxane. Five 9-dihydrotaxanes derived from the Canadian yew are novel natural products not reported in the needles of other species of yew (8–11, 14, Fig. 1). Keywords: Taxuscanadensis, Taxaceae, taxanes, 9-dihydro-13-acetylbaccatin III, taxol.

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., Azhari. "The Relationship Established Between Indonesian Political and Bureaucratic Official." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.29 (2018): 692. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.29.13999.

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The overlapping responsibility between the political and bureaucratic officials seems not to be avoidable due to the weaknesses of personnel management system. This condition, of course, leads to a clutter in some aspects such as recruitments, promotions, and political structures. This research aims to investigate the relationship between the political and bureaucratic officials in terms of authority which is applied by the officials and the factors that caused the overlapping authority. To do so, a descriptive qualitative analysis was applied in this research since the researcher would like to report the result in what looked like. The saturated data was collected by conducting an in-depth interview and documentations and it was analyzed qualitatively. The findings of the current research showed two models of relationship namely executive assendency and model of Party State Bureaucracy begun from the New-Era to Post New-era. Neither New-Era nor Post New-era are appropriate to be applied in the Southeast Sulawesi. Therefore this research suggested a more appropriate model of bureaucratic management, especially regional governance in Southeast Sulawesi namely the External Model of Executive Assendency or Personal Excecutive Assendency.

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PELINOVSKY, DMITRY E., and VLADIMIR G. YAKHNO. "GENERATION OF COLLECTIVE-ACTIVITY STRUCTURES IN A HOMOGENEOUS NEURON-LIKE MEDIUM II: DYNAMICS OF PROPAGATING AND PULSATING STRUCTURES." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 06, no. 01 (1996): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127496001867.

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The correspondence between a general model of the neuron-like medium with a self-consistent activation threshold and a broad class of active two-component ("activator-inhibitor") diffusion systems is established. The transformation of static collective-activity structures into dynamical (propagating and pulsating) structures is investigated for two types of active systems with positive and negative diffusion.

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IBARLUCÍA, TOMÁS. "AUTOMORPHISM GROUPS OF RANDOMIZED STRUCTURES." Journal of Symbolic Logic 82, no. 3 (2017): 1150–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jsl.2017.2.

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AbstractWe study automorphism groups of randomizations of separable structures, with focus on the ℵ0-categorical case. We give a description of the automorphism group of the Borel randomization in terms of the group of the original structure. In the ℵ0-categorical context, this provides a new source of Roelcke precompact Polish groups, and we describe the associated Roelcke compactifications. This allows us also to recover and generalize preservation results of stable and NIP formulas previously established in the literature, via a Banach-theoretic translation. Finally, we study and classify the separable models of the theory of beautiful pairs of randomizations, showing in particular that this theory is never ℵ0-categorical (except in basic cases).

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Rozvany, G. I. N., M. P. Bendso̸e, and U. Kirsch. "Layout Optimization of Structures." Applied Mechanics Reviews 48, no. 2 (1995): 41–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3005097.

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Layout or topology optimization deals with the selection of the best configuration for structural systems and constitutes one of the newest and most rapidly expanding fields of structural design, although some of its basic concepts were established almost a century ago. While mathematically and computationally perhaps the most challenging, it is also economically the most rewarding design task. This review article is based on a unified formulation and covers in detail both exact, analytical methods and approximate, discretized methods of layout optimization. Although discretized solutions are unavoidable for most practical, real-world problems, only explicit analytical solutions provide (i) a reliable means for checking the validity and convergence of numerical methods and (ii) a basis for assessing the relative economy of other designs. Moreover, some of the most efficient new numerical methods of layout optimization are iterative versions of analytical methods. Particularly promising are recent extensions of the exact layout theory to multiload, multipurpose elastic systems.

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Temu, Vitalis W., Christos Galanopoulos, Maru K. Kering, and Laban K. Rutto. "Early Forage Biomass and Sward Structures of Native Warm-Season Grasses Established at Different Seedling Densities." American Journal of Plant Sciences 09, no. 04 (2018): 832–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2018.94064.

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MELGÅRD, M. "QUANTUM COLLISIONS IN SEMI-CONSTRAINED STRUCTURES." Modern Physics Letters B 21, no. 13 (2007): 767–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984907013213.

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The problem of a quantum particle moving in a narrow, bent two-dimensional channel is used to illustrate features of collisions in systems with semi-constrained structures. The collision theory of such systems is developed and, under certain general restrictions on the geometry, the following properties are rigorously established: (1) The (localized) Møller wave operator exist and the S operator is unitary in the scattering channels. (2) The singular spectrum is discrete in intervals away from the continuum thresholds. The discussion is based on a time-dependent approach.

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Kim, Ki Beom, Do Gyeum Kim, and Jang Hwa Lee. "Chloride Penetration Capacity in NPP Structures Caused by Crack." Advanced Materials Research 217-218 (March 2011): 830–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.217-218.830.

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The speed of chloride penetration caused by cracking at the concrete surface is determined by the crack width. In this study, the impact of the cracks that can occur on the concrete surface (occurring from the contraction during concrete curing) on the chloride penetration speed was revealed through modeling. The accuracy of the established model was also verified through laboratory testing. The definition of the minimum crack width that affects the chloride penetration speed was established, based on testing and consideration of literature. The comparison of crack widths (20, 85, 125μm) based on the chloride profile and model prediction showed that there is virtually no chloride penetration at 20 μm, while the chloride penetration speed increased sharply at crack widths of 85 μm and 125 μm.

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Gadzhiyeva, Lala Sabir, Gyul’tekin Dzhumzhud Abbasova, and Gyunel’ Rovshan Safarli. "STUDY OF STABLE STRUCTURES OF THE PENTAPEPTIDE MOLECULE." Chronos 6, no. 2(52) (2021): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.52013/2658-7556-52-2-1.

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Low-energy conformational states of the CREKA molecule, a new drug with an antitumor effect, have been studied by the method of theoretical conformational analysis. Geometric parameters and energy contributions of various types of interatomic interactions to the stabilization of the calculated structures have been established.

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Prevot, Guirec, Olivier Boucher, Maryline Luck, and Michel Benoit. "STABILITY OF RUBBLE MOUND BREAKWATERS IN SHALLOW WATER AND SURF ZONE : AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 33 (2012): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v33.structures.85.

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Rubble-mound breakwaters are often pre-designed with empirical formulae allowing the estimation of armour stone size or weight, taking into account the wave conditions (mainly a characteristic wave height and a characteristic period), the type and density of stone or block used, the slope of the mound, the acceptable level of damage, etc. In deep water conditions, the existing formulas are rather well established (e.g. Hudson and Van der Meer formulas among others). They use as input data wave parameters that are well defined (e.g. the significant wave height H1/3 or sometimes the height H1/10) and easily accessible, from in situ measurements or from numerical wave models. In shallow water however, and in particular in breaking wave conditions (where most of the small breakwaters are built), a number of physical processes (refraction, shoaling and breaking) significantly modify the incoming waves. They also lead to changes in the wave height distribution (which can no longer be regarded as being of Rayleightype) and in the shape of the wave spectrum. This, combined with the fact that most of the models used nowadays for nearshore wave propagation are spectral wave models (e.g. SWAN, TOMAWAC, etc.) and thus provide spectral parameters as output (typically the spectral significant wave height Hm0 and the peak period Tp or the mean energetic period Tm-1,0) has raised the question of which characteristic wave parameter should be used in stability formulas for rubble-mound breakwaters in shallow water. This has led to the consideration of more representative wave parameters such as H2% or Tm-1,0 which are sometimes less accessible from existing wave database or numerical modelling studies. The objective of the present study is to review and compare several available methods to calculate armour stone weight in shallow waters, and to provide some insight into the applicability and limitations of these methods based on a series of wave flume experiments.

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Fujita, Shoichi. "INFILTRATION STRUCTURES IN TOKYO." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 1 (1994): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0004.

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Infiltration of stonnwater is now being adopted extensively in various locations throughout Tokyo. The main objectives of infiltration in urban areas are runoff control and groundwater enrichment. The techniques for planning. designing. construction. and maintenance were established, and then the effects of infiltration were proved. This paper will introduce some examples of infiltration structures in Tokyo. All footpath pavements in Tokyo have been changed to permeable pavement. Some of the porous concrete blocks now are made from incinerated sewage sludge or slag of melted sewage sludge. Residents cooperate to construct soakaways in their own housing areas at their own expense. The infiltration trench is so effective that it is used in various locations such as housing sites, housing complexes, streets, school grounds, public gardens. The storage tank can be constructed in a housing complex, thus stored stonnwater can be effectively used for toilets, sprinkling, car wash, and for a recreational pond. The reduction of stonnwater runoff by infiltration facilities is also greatly effective in preventing contamination of receiving waters.

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Kornacker, Julia, Rouven Trapp, and Katharina Ander. "Rejection, reproduction and reshaping – a field study on global budget control practices in multinational companies." Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management 15, no. 1 (2018): 24–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qram-02-2017-0011.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to advance the understanding of the “globalisation” of management control systems (MCSs) by investigating whether and why budget control structures established in German headquarters (HQs) are transferred to their Chinese subsidiaries and whether and why these structures are (not) used as intended by the HQs. Design/methodology/approach The research is based on a field study comprising 23 multinational companies (MNCs). Following a dyadic research design, representatives of the German HQs and Chinese subsidiaries were interviewed. Data were collected during 58 semi-structured interviews with 78 management accountants and managers. Based on cross-case analyses, commonalities and differences were identified that provide insights into contextual influences that shape the way, in which global MCSs are de facto used at the subsidiary level. Findings The study provides evidence for different receptions at the subsidiary level. While the budget control structures established in the German HQs guide managerial decision-making in some cases, they get modified or even rejected in others. The findings suggest that these receptions are particularly contingent on the perceived utility of budget control structures among the locals, which is interrelated with the perceived predictability of future developments. In particular, the findings suggest that HQs may impact the paths of travel, given that an ex ante adjustment of global budget control structures may reinforce the reproduction of practices at the local level. The decision to adjust the structures is contingent on organisational characteristics. Research limitations/implications The paper encourages further research on the contextual influences that impact how MCSs established at the HQ level are used at the subsidiary level. The paper focuses primarily on environmental peculiarities, which are potentially less important for management control devices other than budget control. Thus, the generalisability of the findings of this paper to other management control devices may be limited. Practical implications The findings suggest that MNCs should consider how foreign employees receive global MCSs established at the HQ level and take the locals’ perception of the utility of structures into account. Adjusting global structures without undermining them may reinforce their reproduction at the local level. Originality/value Based on a field study approach, the paper provides the first cross-case analysis that sheds light on the contextual influences on the ways, in which global budget control structures are used in foreign subsidiaries. Moreover, the simultaneous consideration of the HQ and subsidiary levels allows for an exploration of the complex interplay between actions and perceptions at the different levels. Eventually, the paper provides first evidence on the globalisation of management control structures within a setting with considerable economic, political and cultural disparities. The paper encourages and serves as a point of departure for further research culminating in a framework comprising important drivers of the globalisation of MCSs at different levels (e.g. environmental, organisational, individual).

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Lu, Ben Yan, Zhong Bin Cai, Zhong Qin Ye, and Ya Jun Chen. "Study on Performance Index for Reinforced Concrete Bridge Structures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 193-194 (August 2012): 1079–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.193-194.1079.

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According to the failure characteristics of reinforced concrete bridge columns and the need of performance based seismic design in bridge, reinforced concrete bridge column performance levels, which are categorized into fully operational, temporarily operational, reparably operational, life safe and near collapse levels are established. To relate bridge damage to socio-economic descriptions at the five designated performance levels, qualitative indices are established. Considering field investigations following a seismic event, quantitative indices for the same five designated performance levels are proposed. Based on the statistical data of 154 seismic performance tests of RC bridge columns with circular section subjected to flexural failure, drift ratio limit for the same five designated performance levels are put forward. It can be used to determine displacement of pier top in performance based seismic design.

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Ghareeb, A., and Aslı Güldürdek. "On modification of weak structures via hereditary classes." Boletim da Sociedade Paranaense de Matemática 35, no. 1 (2017): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.5269/bspm.v35i1.22658.

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In this paper, we introduce and study the properties of some new kinds of generalized closed subsets with respect to a weak structure modified by a hereditary class. Then some already established results are generalized. Also, we define a new kind of continuity depending on the new class of generalized closed subsets.

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Baloch, Sameen, and Azhar M. Khan. "Linkages between Organization Design Structures, Performance Measurement Systems and Project Performance in Project Based Technical Environment—An Empirical Analysis." International Journal of Information Technology Project Management 4, no. 1 (2013): 72–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jitpm.2013010106.

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The purpose of this paper is to examine the socio-technical structures prevailing in technical organizations. It explores relationships that exist between technical and social structures and imperative project management practices, using statistical techniques. The study investigates links between organization design structures, project management performance, multiple dimensions of project managers’ competencies including personal, business knowledge, interpersonal and managerial competencies and project performance. A systematic teardown approach was adopted for the analysis of various competencies. The statistical analysis technique, ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) was conducted to validate various factors. The results of statistical analysis has shown that organization design structures are not the major determinants, only organizational design structures with functionally structured resource distributions are established as determinants of project management performance. Furthermore, it was proven that the project managers’ competencies have a major influence on project performance. This study will help to improve performance of technical projects and will lay a foundation for the framework of improvement and development of organizations.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Established structures'

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