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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Established theory

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Academic literature on the topic 'Established theory'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Established theory"

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Bilohur, Vlada. "Formation and development of personality established by change and growth theory." Humanities Bulletin of Zaporizhzhe State Engineering Academy, no. 76 (2019): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.26661/2072-1692-2019-76-06.

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D’Ariano, Giacomo Mauro. "Causality re-established." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 376, no. 2123 (2018): 20170313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0313.

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Causality has never gained the status of a ‘law’ or ‘principle’ in physics. Some recent literature has even popularized the false idea that causality is a notion that should be banned from theory. Such misconception relies on an alleged universality of the reversibility of the laws of physics, based either on the determinism of classical theory, or on the multiverse interpretation of quantum theory, in both cases motivated by mere interpretational requirements for realism of the theory. Here, I will show that a properly defined unambiguous notion of causality is a theorem of quantum theory, which is also a falsifiable proposition of the theory. Such a notion of causality appeared in the literature within the framework of operational probabilistic theories. It is a genuinely theoretical notion, corresponding to establishing a definite partial order among events, in the same way as we do by using the future causal cone on Minkowski space. The notion of causality is logically completely independent of the misidentified concept of ‘determinism’, and, being a consequence of quantum theory, is ubiquitous in physics. In addition, as classical theory can be regarded as a restriction of quantum theory, causality holds also in the classical case, although the determinism of the theory trivializes it. I then conclude by arguing that causality naturally establishes an arrow of time. This implies that the scenario of the ‘block Universe’ and the connected ‘past hypothesis’ are incompatible with causality, and thus with quantum theory: they are both doomed to remain mere interpretations and, as such, are not falsifiable, similar to the hypothesis of ‘super-determinism’. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Foundations of quantum mechanics and their impact on contemporary society’.

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Chakravarti, Sonali. "Transitional justice in established democracies: A political theory." Contemporary Political Theory 15, no. 4 (2016): 509–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/cpt.2015.59.

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Priem, Richard L., and Joseph Rosenstein. "Is Organization Theory Obvious to Practitioners? A Test of One Established Theory." Organization Science 11, no. 5 (2000): 509–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/orsc.11.5.509.15199.

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Trognon, Alain. "Pragmatics re-established on its feet." Language and Dialogue 3, no. 3 (2013): 457–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ld.3.3.07tro.

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The “Mixed Game Model” as a linguistic theory conceptualizes the natural ability of human beings: “competence-in-performance”. The theory rests on a holistic view of language and dialogue that takes into account the physically and socially complex and more or less chaotic universe we live in. Competence-in-performance is thereby rooted in human biology. This ability enables people to communicate in an extremely context-sensitive manner. It rests on the subtle integration of three fundamental registers of human mental functioning in dialogic communication: perception (including emotional perception), cognition, and natural language. This explains why the theory is called the Mixed Game. The Mixed Game defines language as dialogue, conceptualizing the components of natural language along action and reaction. The book gives us a new foundation to the pragmatics of the human communication system, a rigorous systematic methodology to study all kinds of dialogues, from the simplest to the more sophisticated, from the most informal to the most institutional or professional. This book also suggests various theoretical and practical developments. It is useful not only for linguists, but also for all researchers in psychology, sociology, and more generally in all the human sciences.

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Jin, Chuhua, and Jiaowan Luo. "Stability in functional differential equations established using fixed point theory." Nonlinear Analysis: Theory, Methods & Applications 68, no. 11 (2008): 3307–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.na.2007.03.017.

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Lambourne, Wendy. "Book Review: Transitional Justice in Established Democracies: A Political Theory." Political Science 68, no. 1 (2016): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032318716654335.

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Crossman, Donna Cangelosi. "Gilbert's Behavior Engineering Model: Contemporary support for an established theory." Performance Improvement Quarterly 23, no. 1 (2010): 31–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/piq.20074.

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Galoob, Stephen. "Stephen Winter, Transitional Justice in Established Democracies: A Political Theory." Journal of Value Inquiry 50, no. 1 (2014): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10790-014-9446-9.

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Langworthy, D. "NEW TRANSLATION FUND ESTABLISHED." Theater 22, no. 3 (1991): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01610775-22-3-91.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Established theory"

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Schwenn, Heidi H. "The relationship between client-established goals and outcome in counseling /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3052216.

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Niklasson, Johan, and Erik Milan. "The financing of Small Swedish companies established in China." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-1802.

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<p>This dissertation intends to describe how small Swedish companies experience the handling of financing in China. Which include describing how small Swedish companies have chosen to finance their establishment, and whether Myers Pecking order theory is applicable. Further more, to show the inquired companies attitude towards external equity, and if any problems are experienced, connected to reaching long-term external finance. The specifikation of the problem for this dissertation is, How do small Swedish companies established in China experience the handling of financing? And to answer the specification of the problem a quantitative approach has been used. The data was gathered through a survey sent out to a number of small Swedish companies established in China. The definition of small Swedish companies has been set to less than 100 employees, and furthermore, established in China under any of the entry modes WFOE, FICE, Joint Venture or Rep/Sales Office.</p><p>The over all conclusions for this dissertation, are that internal finance is preferred, and in general is the use of external finance insignificant among small Swedish companies established in China. What can be concluded from this is that Myers Pecking order theory is applicable. Further more, there are strong indications that the inquired companies do not experience any financial gap, or in general any imminent problems surrounding reaching external finance. Important to add to the conclusion is that just because there are no imminent problems, does this not signify that companies do not experience any problems at all reaching external finance.</p>

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Ljungberg, Axel, and Anton Högstedt. "Modern Portfolio Theory Combined With Magic Formula : A study on how Modern Portfolio Theory can improve an established investment strategy." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-104540.

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This study examines whether modern portfolio theory can be used to improve the Magic Formula investment strategy. With the assets picked by the investment strategy we modify the portfolios by weighting the portfolios in accordance with modern portfolio theory. Through the process of creating efficient frontiers and weighting the portfolios differently we create two alternative portfolios each year. One portfolio that aimsfor maximum Sharpe ratio and one that aims for minimum variance. These weighted portfolios produce higher risk-adjusted returns consistently during the examined period of 2010-2020. We conclude that the Magic Formula can be improved by using modern portfolio theory.

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Becker, Matthew Smith. "Applying predator-prey theory to evaluate large mammal dynamics wolf predation in a newly-established multiple-prey system /." Thesis, Montana State University, 2008. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2008/becker/BeckerM1208.pdf.

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I studied wolf prey selection and kill rates during 1996-97 through 2006-07 winters in a newly established two-prey system in central Yellowstone National Park. Prey differed substantially in their vulnerability to wolf (Canis lupus) predation and wolves preyed primarily on elk (Cervus elaphus) but also used bison (Bison bison) to varying degrees within and among winters and packs. Winter severity, wolf abundance, distribution, and prey selection varied during the study, concurrent with variations in the demography, distribution, and behavior of elk and bison. A total of 759 wolf-killed ungulates were detected and prey selection by wolves was influenced by the absolute and relative abundance of prey types, the abundance of predators, and the duration of snow pack. Wolves strongly preferred elk calves relative to all other prey types, and elk calf abundance was inversely related to the occurrence of bison in wolf diets. Increasing wolf numbers also broadened prey selection from elk calves, and predation on bison and adult elk increased with increasing snow pack accumulation and duration, likely due to its long-term debilitating influence. Elk abundance and wolf pack size best explained variation in kill rates for elk while bison calf abundance and snow pack duration best explained kill rates of bison. The functional response of wolves for elk was best described by a Type II ratio-dependent model, indicating significant predator dependence. Prey-switching evaluations indicated increasing selection of bison with increasing bison:elk ratios, however no concurrent decrease in elk predation occurred. Increased bison predation is not solely dependent on relative abundance of the two prey species; therefore it is unlikely at this time that wolf prey-switching will stabilize the system.

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Löfqvist, Lars. "Product innovation in small established enterprises : Managing processes and resource scarcity." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-139064.

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This thesis examines product innovation processes in small established enterprises. The research questions are: (1) what motivates small established enterprises to innovate, (2) how do small established enterprises perform product innovation, and (3) how do small established enterprises manage resource scarcity in their product innovation processes? To answer the research questions, a multiple case study approach was chosen with three small established enterprises as cases and different product innovation processes as embedded units of study. The data collection method used was observation during a period of five months, complemented by interviews and secondary data. Product innovation in small established enterprises seems to be motivated by solving existing customers’ problems and the need for a sustained steady cash flow. A steady cash flow is also found to be a prerequisite during the product innovation processes. Product innovation seems to occur when there is a risk of decreased cash flow and/or when existing customers can be satisfied with new products that increase their loyalty so as to secure future sales, cash flow, and the enterprise’s survival in the long run. Promising innovation ideas alone do not result in product innovation. An innovation idea must also have supportive existing customers for product innovation to occur. Product innovation processes in the studied small established enterprises are found highly context dependent, intertwined in operational processes and made possible by a small organic organization and closeness to existing customers. The product innovation processes are further found to follow a flexible and informal overall scheme optimized for decreasing market and technology uncertainty and risk, dealing with resource scarcity, and facilitating fast and easy commercialization to avoid or moderate dips in cash flow. The design processes within the innovation processes can be linearly structured or cyclical and experimental, depending on the experienced novelty. To manage resource scarcity during the product innovation processes, the studied small enterprises used many different bootstrapping methods in combination. These methods can be divided into three categories according to their overall functions: for using existing resources more efficiently, for increasing resources and to secure a fast payback on resources invested in NPD. The studied small enterprises were due to their resource scarcity further found to favor an innovation strategy, only involving new products done with known technology and targeting existing markets. This way to innovate, which creates new products in a resource-efficient way that are accepted by the enterprises’ existing markets, seems to prevent unsuccessful product innovation, while at the same time excluding technologically radical innovation and innovation targeting new markets.<br><p>QC 20140102</p>

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Yeh, Kevin. "Mathematical programming analyses of an established timberlands supply chain with interests in biofuel investments." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53065.

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In the push for clean and renewable fuels, timber derived biomass is a promising frontier for biofuel production in the United States. This thesis approaches the established timberlands biofuel implementation problem with three different mathematical programming studies, each testing feasibility and sustainability in different economic and supply related situations. In the first study, a competitive game theory approach was utilized to provide new insights into the behavior within a timberlands supply chain. We utilized Stackelberg game theory modeled with bilevel programming to represent the competing harvesting and manufacturing sectors. In the second study, the initial bilevel model was utilized in a larger two stage multiperiod model with parameter uncertainty. In this more realistic model, the first stage contained logistical decisions around biorefinery investments, such as location and capacity, while the second stage was composed of multiple discrete bilevel scenarios representing potential situations in the timberlands system. The final study focused on long term land management strategies for the timberlands supply chain. Introduction of a new biorefinery investment meant that management strategies must be altered to ensure consistent material flows to manufacturers as well as sustain the new production facility. A modified cyclic scheduling formulation was used to model a timberlands system and its planting and harvesting schedule to accommodate a new biorefinery. This cyclic model added an initial startup period to initiate biofuel production and provide time to adapt land management. The overall contribution of these studies was to analyze a biorefinery's impact on the established behavior in a timberlands supply chain. In particular, the goals of these models were to develop introductory decision making tools for timberlands supply chain managers.

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Walton, Nigel. "The extent to which data-rich firms operating two-sided platform-ecosystem business models are able to use data to gain an innovation advantage over established one-sided companies." Thesis, Coventry University, 2017. http://eprints.worc.ac.uk/6313/.

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It is the purpose of the dissertation to explore the extent to which data-rich firms operating two-sided platform-ecosystem business models are able to use data to gain an innovation advantage over established one-sided companies. The dissertation begins with an analysis of business model theory and identifies two viewpoints based on the static and transformational perspectives. The transformational perspective is analysed in more depth and how data is playing a key role in creating an innovation advantage for two-sided platform ecosystem firms. A detailed explanation of how the platform ecosystem model works in provided in addition to a definition of the four platform typologies and how they compare and contrast with the one-sided business model. This is followed by a critique of the resource-based view of strategy and the relevance of dynamic capabilities, the knowledge-based view and the value chain approaches to strategy. A comprehensive innovation audit questionnaire (based on a sample of one hundred companies) is used to test whether the two-sided firms have a data-driven innovation advantage over the one-sided firms or not. The results reveal a clear innovation advantage for the two-sided firms who score consistently higher marks across all the dimensions of the innovation audit survey.

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Meyer, Vincent. "Performance management : an american technology in a French multinational enterprise established in China." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLH001/document.

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Cette thèse examine l’imbrication du social et du matériel dans les entreprises multinationales, lors du transfert transnational des pratiques de gestion des ressources humaines, et plus particulièrement le transfert des pratiques de gestion de la performance. En me basant sur l’étude de quatre entités chinoises locales d’une entreprise transnationale comme cadre de mon étude de cas, j’explore comment les salariés locaux s’approprient les pratiques de gestion de la performance en internalisation les pratiques globales et en innovant pour les adapter à leur environnement local. Cette étude se fonde sur 60 entretiens, des données secondaires et des observations collectées sur plus de dix ans. Dans la première partie de cette thèse j’explore plus particulièrement l’appropriation des pratiques de gestion des ressources humaines au niveau micro et j’identifie quatre archétypes de l’appropriation des pratiques de gestion des ressources humaines : formelle, cérémoniale, déviante et innovante. Dans la deuxième partie de cette thèse, je me concentre sur l’appropriation des pratiques de gestion des ressources humaines au niveau meso. En me fondant sur la théorie de la Sociomatérialité, je propose une nouvelle définition de l’hybridation comme le processus par lequel des pratiques uniques émergent dans des filiales locales à partir de l’imbrication du social et du matériel entre le siège et les filiales locales des entreprises multinationales. Cette définition me permet d’identifier deux nouvelles formes de gestion de la performance dans les quatre entités de l’entreprise multinationale étudiée que j’ai appelées la pratique harmonieuse confucéenne de gestion de la performance et la pratique harmonieuse instrumentale de gestion de la performance. Dans le troisième chapitre, je me base sur les résultats empiriques des deux chapitres précédents pour conceptualiser un modèle multiniveau intégré du transfert transnational des pratiques de gestion des ressources humaines, en développant un autre concept central de la théorie de la Sociomatérialité: la notion de « dispositif ». Cette thèse a ainsi pour objectif de contribuer à la fois à la littérature en gestion internationale des ressources humaines et à la littérature sur la sociologie des outils de gestion<br>The present dissertation examines the entanglement of the social and material in Multinational Enterprises during the transnational transfer of Human Resource Management Practices, especially Performance Management Practices. Using 4 local Chinese entities of a transnational firm as my case study, I explore how local employees make Performance Management practices their own, both internalizing global practices and innovating to adapt to local environments. This research is based on 60 interviews, secondary materials and direct observations over more than 10 years. In the first chapter of this dissertation, I explore more specifically the adoption of Human Resource Management practices at the micro level, and I identify four archetypes of the adoption of Human Resource Management practices: formal, ceremonial, deviant and innovative. In the second chapter, I focus on the adoption of Performance Management practices in Multinational Enterprises at a meso level. Drawing on sociomaterial theory, I propose a new definition of hybridization as being a process by which unique practices emerge in local subsidiaries from the entanglement of the social and the material at Headquarters and in local subsidiaries. This definition allowed me to identify two new hybrid performance management practices in the four Chinese entities of the Multinational Enterprises under investigation, which I have called the “harmonious Confucian” Performance Management practice and the “harmonious instrumental” Performance Management practice. In the third chapter, I build on the results of the two previous empirical chapters to conceptualize an integrated multilevel model for the transnational transfer of Human Resource Management practices in Multinational Enterprises by expanding another central concept to sociomaterial theory: the notion of “apparatus”. This dissertation aims therefore at contributing both to International Human Resources Management literature and to the literature of the sociology of management tools

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Thor, Johan. "Getting going on getting better : how is systematic quality improvement established in a healthcare organization? : implications for change management theory and practice /." Stockholm : Karolinska insitutet, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-274-3/.

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Byers, Celina. "Using Ordering Theory to Establish Student Knowledge Levels." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1997. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc935836/.

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The problem under investigation in this research is the development of a general approach that will establish a students knowledge level so that the student's learning can be optimized by beginning it at the most effective point. In preparation for this study, an active test with an acceptable CT3 homogeneity index was found. Two computer programs, RightOrder and MathTest, were written in Visual Basic. The latter administers the test, producing a file or responses that serves as input for the former, which performs the calculations and matrix manipulation necessary to determine the CT3 of a set of test items and construct a difficulty strata scale. The test was administered twice to the same population, the first time in the original item order. In the second administration, one item from each successive level of difficulty, beginning with the easiest, was given until the respondent answered incorrectly. Then all the remaining items were presented in order of difficulty, beginning with the easiest. The three hypothesis of this study are (a) the difficulty strata scale generated from the computerized retest, using a z-score to be determined as critical value, is congruent with that derived from the analysis done on the data of the first application of the computerized test, (b) the time spent to establish the knowledge level is shorter than the time spent taking the full test, and (c) the test, reordered according to ordering theory principles, is an accurate method of establishing a student's knowledge level.

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Books on the topic "Established theory"

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Sereva, Emilia. A Methodological Approach to Theory-as-Data: Tracing the Development of Norbert Elias’s Theory of Established–Outsiders Relations. SAGE Publications, Ltd., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781526487063.

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Ormell, C. P. Some reflections on predictive impossibility: In which the logical possibility of `showdown' sequences of events is established and in which their central significance in epistemology is highlighted and discussed. PER/MAG Ashby, 1999.

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Fleming, James Rodger. The Callendar effect: The life and times of Guy Stewart Callendar (1898-1964), the scientist who established the carbon dioxide theory of climate change. American Meteorological Society, 2007.

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Hidalgo, Santiago, ed. Technology and Film Scholarship. Amsterdam University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789089647542.

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This volume brings together a wide range of research on the ways in which technological innovations have established new and changing conditions for the experience, study and theorization of film. Drawn from the IMPACT film conference (The Impact of Technological Innovations on the Historiography and Theory of Cinema) held in Montreal in 2011, the book includes contributions from such leading figures in the field as Tom Gunning, Charles Musser, Jan Olsson and Vinzenz Hediger.

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Spencer-Hall, Alicia, and Blake Gutt, eds. Trans and Genderqueer Subjects in Medieval Hagiography. Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462988248.

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Trans and Genderqueer Subjects in Medieval Hagiography presents an interdisciplinary examination of trans and genderqueer subjects in medieval hagiography. Scholarship has productively combined analysis of medieval literary texts with modern queer theory – yet, too often, questions of gender are explored almost exclusively through a prism of sexuality, rather than gender identity. This volume moves beyond such limitations, foregrounding the richness of hagiography as a genre integrally resistant to limiting binaristic categories, including rigid gender binaries. The collection showcases scholarship by emerging trans and genderqueer authors, as well as the work of established researchers. Working at the vanguard of historical trans studies, these scholars demonstrate the vital and vitally political nature of their work as medievalists. Trans and Genderqueer Subjects in Medieval Hagiography enables the re-creation of a lineage linking modern trans and genderqueer individuals to their medieval ancestors, providing models of queer identity where much scholarship has insisted there were none, and re-establishing the place of non-normative gender in history.

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Ternovaya, Lyudmila. Geopolitical culture. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1483954.

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The monograph examines geopolitics from the point of view of filling its content with the meanings of geopolitical culture, in which not only geographical, but also historical images occupy a prominent place, and linguistic constructions allow us to attach a symbolic meaning to established concepts. Geopolitical culture, like any other, acts as a tool for processing consciousness and transforming space. The space itself, from the perspective of studies of geopolitical culture, turns into a multidimensional model that simultaneously combines real objects and elements related to the world of geopolitical imagination. It is intended for specialists in geopolitics, history and theory of international relations, sociology and cultural studies. It will also be of interest to a wide range of readers.

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Transitional Justice in Established Democracies: A Political Theory. Palgrave Macmillan, 2014.

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Winter, S. Transitional Justice in Established Democracies: A Political Theory. Palgrave Macmillan, 2014.

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Scotson, John L., and Elias Norbert. The Established and the Outsiders (Published in association with Theory, Culture & Society). Sage Publications Ltd, 1994.

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Scotson, John L., and Elias Norbert. The Established and the Outsiders (Published in association with Theory, Culture & Society). Sage Publications Ltd, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Established theory"

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Winter, Stephen. "Towards a Political Theory." In Transitional Justice in Established Democracies. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137316196_2.

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Dubos, René. "The Germ Theory Is Established." In Pasteur and Modern Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-87779-7_11.

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Kaburlasos, Vassilis G. "Connections with Established Paradigms." In Towards a Unified Modeling and Knowledge-Representation based on Lattice Theory. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-34170-3_10.

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Waterman, A. M. C. "Social Thinking in Established Protestant Churches." In Religion and Economics: Normative Social Theory. Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4401-8_4.

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Bush, Tony. "Relational Leadership: New Thinking or Established Ideas in “New Clothes”." In Educational Leadership Theory. Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6568-2_10.

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Kartalidis, N., I. G. Georgoudas, and G. Ch Sirakoulis. "Cellular Automata Based Evacuation Process Triggered by Indoors Wi-Fi and GPS Established Detection." In Developments in Language Theory. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99813-8_45.

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Lien, Marianne Inéz, and Jørgen Lorentzen. "The Need to Develop the Established Theory of Partner Violence Further." In Men's Experiences of Violence in Intimate Relationships. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03994-3_8.

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Drakeford, Mark. "Getting Established." In Social Movements and their Supporters. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137001627_3.

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Lidström, Christian, and Dilian Gurov. "An Abstract Contract Theory for Programs with Procedures." In Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71500-7_8.

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AbstractWhen developing complex software and systems, contracts provide a means for controlling the complexity by dividing the responsibilities among the components of the system in a hierarchical fashion. In specific application areas, dedicated contract theories formalise the notion of contract and the operations on contracts in a manner that supports best the development of systems in that area. At the other end, contract meta-theories attempt to provide a systematic view on the various contract theories by axiomatising their desired properties. However, there exists a noticeable gap between the most well-known contract meta-theory of Benveniste et al. [5], which focuses on the design of embedded and cyber-physical systems, and the established way of using contracts when developing general software, following Meyer’s design-by-contract methodology [18]. At the core of this gap appears to be the notion of procedure: while it is a central unit of composition in software development, the meta-theory does not suggest an obvious way of treating procedures as components.In this paper, we provide a first step towards a contract theory that takes procedures as the basic building block, and is at the same time an instantiation of the meta-theory. To this end, we propose an abstract contract theory for sequential programming languages with procedures, based on denotational semantics. We show that, on the one hand, the specification of contracts of procedures in Hoare logic, and their procedure-modular verification, can be cast naturally in the framework of our abstract contract theory. On the other hand, we also show our contract theory to fulfil the axioms of the meta-theory. In this way, we give further evidence for the utility of the meta-theory, and prepare the ground for combining our instantiation with other, already existing instantiations.

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Yoe, Charles. "Establish a risk management framework." In Handbook of phytosanitary risk management: theory and practice. CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781780648798.0116.

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Conference papers on the topic "Established theory"

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Zhu, Rongkai, Qun Zheng, Guoqiang Yue, and Jiguo Zou. "Researches of Similitude Theory for Axial Flow Helium Compressor." In ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-50937.

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In designing of a helium axial compressor from its homologous air compressor, the similarities between them have to be investigated. Such as how to establish the similarity criterion, how to prescribe the experimental air compressor’s parameters by the similitude laws, how to get the performance data of helium compressor from the air compressor test data etc, are important for the accurate design. The first stage of a high pressure helium compressor is taken as experimental model, with air as the working fluids in the experiments. The differences of physical parameters of helium and air, like density, viscosity, adiabatic exponent have been considered. The similitude laws used in the experiment have been established, and the reasons of deviation and correcting methods are analyzed. These results are useful references for the aerodynamic design of helium compressor.

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Liu, Zongmin, Lifu Liang, Tao Fan, and Haiyan Song. "Gurtin-Type Quasi-Variational Principle for Large Deformation Elasto-Dynamics Based on Base Forces Theory." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-12488.

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Considering that “gap function” is a nuisance term that contains both the stress and the quadratic function of displacement, it is difficult to establish Gurtin-type variational principles for large deformation elasto-dynamics. Luo En, Finlayson B. A. and Scriven L. established Gurtin-type variational principles by restricted variational idea. Based on base forces theory framework, the basic equations for large deformation elasto-dynamics are defined. Using the concept of base forces, Gurtin-type quasi-variational principle for large deformation elasto-dynamics can be established by variational integral method directly. When the base forces and the conjugate variable “displacement gradients” are taken as the basic unknowns, there is no “gap function” in the functional of Gurtin-type quasi-variational principle. Then quasi-stationary value conditions of Gurtin-type quasi-variational principle are derived. One of the quasi-stationary value conditions is the famous wave equation. Finally, some correlative problems are discussed.

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Luo, Albert C. J., and Arun K. Gupta. "A Nonlinear Theory for Traveling and Rotating, Sagged, Elastic Tethers." In ASME 1999 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc99/vib-8163.

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Abstract A nonlinear theory for traveling and rotating, sagged, elastic tethers are developed. Under certain conditions this nonlinear theory reduces to established models for traveling or rotating or stationary tethers.

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Turner, Joshua U., and Michael J. Wozny. "The M-Space Theory of Tolerances." In ASME 1990 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1990-0027.

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Abstract A rigorous mathematical theory of tolerances is an important step toward the automated solution of tolerancing problems. This paper develops a mathematical theory of tolerances in which tolerance specifications are interpreted as constraints on a normed vector space of model variations (M-space). This M-space provides concise representations for both dimensional and geometric tolerances, without deviating from the established tolerancing standards. This paper extends the authors’ previous work to include examples of geometric orientation and form tolerances. We show that the M-space theory supports the development of effective algorithms for the solution of tolerancing problems. Through the use of solid modeling technology, it is possible to automate the solution of such problems.

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Zhang, Liping, Delun Wang, and Jian S. Dai. "Automated Conceptual Design for Hybrid Mechanisms Based on Characteristic State Space Theory." In ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-49910.

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A new methodology for automated conceptual design of hybrid combined mechanical system based on the characteristic state space approach is developed. The goal is to conceive the appropriate hybrid system given only the kinematic function posed in the problem specifications. The key enabler of the conceptual synthesis is the method of capturing kinematic behavior and transforming the continuous and non-linear motion into the discrete states and linear relation characteristic stack representation. A new characteristic state analyzing method for multi-dof primary mechanism blocks is proposed. Then the characteristic state equations are established by motion relationship between the multiple inputs and the outputs, which including characteristic transformation matrices and the characteristic state vectors established through the method of linearization for kinematic equations according to the specific input and output motion transformation. Thus the multi-dof primary mechanism blocks are identified, classified and represented qualitatively from characteristic perspectives. And then, generalized characteristic state modeling method is used to describe the behavior of the multi-loop combined mechanism. The generalized characteristic state model sets are established according to the classified primary combination patterns. The mathematical model of the hybrid combination system facilitates the characterization of the primary mechanism blocks and primary combination patterns, transformation of problem specifications, decomposition into sub-problems, and the ability to search for alternate solutions. The characteristic state space graph theory and the space vector routing model between the random input-output dual vectors in state space are established. Furthermore, with the manipulation of the dual vectors, the mathematic synthesis model is presented leading to the characteristic equation operation and the groundwork is laid for the conceptual design. To fine present the automated decomposition and the synthesis algorithm, the suggested design examples are compact and compatible with the general design principles.

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Barrie, Thomas. "Urbanization of Suburbia: Context, Theory, and Design Strategies." In 1995 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.1995.60.

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This paper discusses ways in which a sense of place can be established and community supported through the selective and thoughtful urbanization of suburbia. Historical models of meaningful places and urbanity are described, critical inquiry regarding the contemporary built environment presented, and characteristics of successful and livable urban centers discussed. The appropriate transformation and application of theoretical and urban context strategies in suburban centers is presented through case studies of junior level projects from the College of Architecture and Design at Lawrence Technological University.

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Fang, Fei. "Integrating Learning with Game Theory for Societal Challenges." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/894.

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Real-world problems often involve more than one decision makers, each with their own goals or preferences. While game theory is an established paradigm for reasoning strategic interactions between multiple decision-makers, its applicability in practice is often limited by the intractability of computing equilibria in large games, and the fact that the game parameters are sometimes unknown and the players are often not perfectly rational. On the other hand, machine learning and reinforcement learning have led to huge successes in various domains and can be leveraged to overcome the limitations of the game-theoretic analysis. In this paper, we introduce our work on integrating learning with computational game theory for addressing societal challenges such as security and sustainability.

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Leishear, Robert A. "Application of a Dynamic Stress Theory to Pipe Leaks." In ASME 2006 Pressure Vessels and Piping/ICPVT-11 Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2006-icpvt-11-93523.

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Leaks in system piping used to transfer radioactive waste were attributed to water hammer. Ball valves leaked on several occasions and the cause of failure was not obvious. Facility records were used to determine the facility status at the time the leaks occurred. For one particular leak, valve manipulations controlling flow were shown to be coincident to the time of leak. The fluid transient pressures were calculated, and once the maximum pressures were established, the stresses on the equipment could be discerned. Water hammer was concluded to be the failure mechanism. To eliminate this failure mechanism, procedural and equipment modifications were made and further leaks have been eliminated.

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Zhao, Yaping. "Meshing Theory of ZC1 Worm Drive." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97578.

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Abstract The toroidal enveloping cylindrical worm drive, also called the ZC1 worm drive, is grinded by the toroidal grinding wheel. In this paper, the meshing theory for this worm drive is systematically established. According to this meshing theory, the meshing function, the meshing limit function, the equations of the worm helicoid and the worm gear tooth surface are obtained. A method for computing the normal vector of the instantaneous line of the ZC1 worm pair is proposed. Due to this method, the curvature interference limit function and the meshing quality parameters can be more simply and clearly obtained. Based on above results, the methods of the numerical calculation of the instantaneous lines and the conjugate zone are proposed. The initial values of the nonlinear equation systems, computed the conjugate zone and the contact lines, are detected and solved by the method based on the elimination method and geometric construction. The results of numerical example clearly reflect that the conjugate zone can almost cover the whole tooth surface of the worm gear and the effective working length of the worm cannot nearly exceed the half of its thread length. The values of the induced principle curvature and the sliding angle show that the lubrication performance is poor and the stress level is higher, near the meshing limit line and at the dedendum of the worm gear.

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Ting, Kwun-Lon, and Zhiyuan Yu. "Conjugation Curvature Theory of Higher Pairs." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-68285.

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The paper pioneers the higher order conjugation theory that elevates the current Camus and Litvin based conjugation theory to a new level by offering the methodology to enable explicitly selecting conjugate pairs to meet the prescribed intrinsic contact characteristics or performance for contact strength. A conjugation theorem is proposed, in which a three-body conjugation system is characterized by the coinciding instant centers and from which the theory is established. Instantaneous invariants are introduced to characterize the instantaneous motion of a three-body conjugation system. The loci of points that generate conjugate pairs with the common relative curvature as well as first and second order stationary relative curvature are presented. These curvature properties determine the contact pattern and therefore the contact strength. An immediate and important application is on gear tooth profile synthesis. The proposed theory offers the design freedom that breaks the traditional constraint of using a specific curve, such as involute. It therefore fills a void in gear tooth profile synthesis and brings light to the question on seeking the strongest tooth profiles. On the other hand, this is the first kinematic synthesis theory that generate both elements of a higher pair simultaneously for a prescribed contact performance. It is a contrast to the conventional Burmester theory by using RR, PR, or RP dyads to form a linkage.

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Reports on the topic "Established theory"

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Library, Spring. Vitiligo and the Social Stigma Attached to It. Spring Library, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47496/sl.blog.15.

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The well-established theory states that vitiligo is usually initiated by a trigger including hormonal changes, psychological trauma, and stress, exposure to chemicals, or trauma to the skin and sufferers have to cope-up with a lot of social stigmas.

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Alviarez, Vanessa, Michele Fioretti, Ken Kikkawa, and Monica Morlacco. Two-Sided Market Power in Firm-to-Firm Trade. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003493.

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Firms in global value chains (GVCs) are granular and exert bargaining power over the terms of trade. We show that these features are crucial to understanding the well-established variation in prices and pass-through across importers and exporters. We develop a novel theory of prices in GVCs, which tractably nests a wide range of bilateral concentration and bargaining power configurations. We test and evaluate the models predictions using a novel dataset merging transaction-level U.S. import data with balance sheet data for both U.S. importers and foreign exporters. Our pricing framework enhances traditional frameworks in the literature in accurately predicting price changes following a tariff shock. The results shed light on the role of firms in determining the tariff pass-through onto import prices.

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Mykhayliv, Natalya. THE SUBJECT OF OF “VOGUE” AND “HARPER’S BAZAAR” MAGAZINES. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11066.

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In the article according to the theory of the subject, patterns of the existence and genesis of the subject of “Vogue” and “Harper’s Bazaar” (USA) magazines was analysed, perspective of the emergence of new subjects was established, classification of the current subjects into universal and synthetic was suggested and some regularities of authorial creation of new subjects was examined. The main objective of the study is to identify patterns of existence of actual and formation of new topics in the Means of Mass Communication on the example of “Vogue” and “Harper’s Bazaar” magazines. In studying of the empiric basis of the research the method of observation is applied; in finding common themes for both publications – a comparative method was used. The method of analysis was used in the decomposition of topics into separate topics; in isolation from the features of the topic, uncharacteristic of a journalistic work – abstraction was applied. The elucidation that the subject appears as a formal verbal expression of a set of homogeneous topics was done by applying the method of formalization. The main results of the research are: obtaining the new classification of topics of “Vogue” and “Harper’s Bazaar” magazines; identification of a significant manifestation of universal themes on the pages of publications; establishment of the basic subjective (deontological) bases of formation of new subjects. A theoretical level of their knowledge will enrich science, equip practice, promote individual and world harmony.

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Kennedy, Alan, Jonathon Brame, Taylor Rycroft, et al. A definition and categorization system for advanced materials : the foundation for risk-informed environmental health and safety testing. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41803.

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Novel materials with unique or enhanced properties relative to conventional materials are being developed at an increasing rate. These materials are often referred to as advanced materials (AdMs) and they enable technological innovations that can benefit society. Despite their benefits, however, the unique characteristics of many AdMs, including many nanomaterials, are poorly understood and may pose environmental safety and occupational health (ESOH) risks that are not readily determined by traditional risk assessment methods. To assess these risks while keeping up with the pace of development, technology developers and risk assessors frequently employ risk-screening methods that depend on a clear definition for the materials that are to be assessed (e.g., engineered nanomaterial) as well as a method for binning materials into categories for ESOH risk prioritization. In this study, we aim to establish a practitioner-driven definition for AdMs and a practitioner-validated framework for categorizing AdMs into conceptual groupings based on material characteristics. The definition and categorization framework established here serve as a first step in determining if and when there is a need for specific ESOH and regulatory screening for an AdM as well as the type and extent of risk-related information that should be collected or generated for AdMs and AdM-enabled technologies.

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de Caritat, Patrice, Brent McInnes, and Stephen Rowins. Towards a heavy mineral map of the Australian continent: a feasibility study. Geoscience Australia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.11636/record.2020.031.

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Heavy minerals (HMs) are minerals with a specific gravity greater than 2.9 g/cm3. They are commonly highly resistant to physical and chemical weathering, and therefore persist in sediments as lasting indicators of the (former) presence of the rocks they formed in. The presence/absence of certain HMs, their associations with other HMs, their concentration levels, and the geochemical patterns they form in maps or 3D models can be indicative of geological processes that contributed to their formation. Furthermore trace element and isotopic analyses of HMs have been used to vector to mineralisation or constrain timing of geological processes. The positive role of HMs in mineral exploration is well established in other countries, but comparatively little understood in Australia. Here we present the results of a pilot project that was designed to establish, test and assess a workflow to produce a HM map (or atlas of maps) and dataset for Australia. This would represent a critical step in the ability to detect anomalous HM patterns as it would establish the background HM characteristics (i.e., unrelated to mineralisation). Further the extremely rich dataset produced would be a valuable input into any future machine learning/big data-based prospectivity analysis. The pilot project consisted in selecting ten sites from the National Geochemical Survey of Australia (NGSA) and separating and analysing the HM contents from the 75-430 µm grain-size fraction of the top (0-10 cm depth) sediment samples. A workflow was established and tested based on the density separation of the HM-rich phase by combining a shake table and the use of dense liquids. The automated mineralogy quantification was performed on a TESCAN® Integrated Mineral Analyser (TIMA) that identified and mapped thousands of grains in a matter of minutes for each sample. The results indicated that: (1) the NGSA samples are appropriate for HM analysis; (2) over 40 HMs were effectively identified and quantified using TIMA automated quantitative mineralogy; (3) the resultant HMs’ mineralogy is consistent with the samples’ bulk geochemistry and regional geological setting; and (4) the HM makeup of the NGSA samples varied across the country, as shown by the mineral mounts and preliminary maps. Based on these observations, HM mapping of the continent using NGSA samples will likely result in coherent and interpretable geological patterns relating to bedrock lithology, metamorphic grade, degree of alteration and mineralisation. It could assist in geological investigations especially where outcrop is minimal, challenging to correctly attribute due to extensive weathering, or simply difficult to access. It is believed that a continental-scale HM atlas for Australia could assist in derisking mineral exploration and lead to investment, e.g., via tenement uptake, exploration, discovery and ultimately exploitation. As some HMs are hosts for technology critical elements such as rare earth elements, their systematic and internally consistent quantification and mapping could lead to resource discovery essential for a more sustainable, lower-carbon economy.

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Quak, Evert-jan. The Link Between Demography and Labour Markets in sub-Saharan Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.011.

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This rapid review synthesises the literature from academic, policy, and knowledge institution sources on how demography affects labour markets (e.g. entrants, including youth and women) and labour market outcomes (e.g. capital-per-worker, life-cycle labour supply, human capital investments) in the context of sub-Saharan Africa. One of the key findings is that the fast-growing population in sub-Saharan Africa is likely to affect the ability to get productive jobs and in turn economic growth. This normally happens when workers move from traditional (low productivity agriculture and household businesses) sectors into higher productivity sectors in manufacturing and services. In theory the literature shows that lower dependency ratios (share of the non-working age population) should increase output per capita if labour force participation rates among the working age population remain unchanged. If output per worker stays constant, then a decline in dependency ratio would lead to a rise in income per capita. Macro simulation models for sub-Saharan Africa estimate that capital per worker will remain low due to consistently low savings for at least the next decades, even in the low fertility scenario. Sub-Saharan African countries seem too poor for a quick rise in savings. As such, it is unlikely that a lower dependency ratio will initiate a dramatic increase in labour productivity. The literature notes the gender implications on labour markets. Most women combine unpaid care for children with informal and low productive work in agriculture or family enterprises. Large family sizes reduce their productive labour years significantly, estimated at a reduction of 1.9 years of productive participation per woman for each child, that complicates their move into more productive work (if available). If the transition from high fertility to low fertility is permanent and can be established in a relatively short-term period, there are long-run effects on female labour participation, and the gains in income per capita will be permanent. As such from the literature it is clear that the effect of higher female wages on female labour participation works to a large extent through reductions in fertility.

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Chakalall, Yuri, Daniela Carrera-Marquis, Franklin Espiga, Katherine Smith, Kensuke Otsuyama, and Hideharu Tanaka. International Good Practices and Lessons in Post Disaster Reconstruction in The Bahamas. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003314.

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This Brochure captures the content of the Workshop held last year August 24, 2021 on 'International Good Practices and Lessons learned in Post Disaster Reconstruction in The Bahamas' with national stakeholders participation as well as international experts. The objective of the Workshop was to share international experiences of (i) how "post-disaster public agencies" in each case study country were established; (ii) how they prepared reconstruction master plans; (iii) how they effectively implemented their post-disaster reconstruction programs.

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Heston, Roxanne. Mapping U.S. Multinationals’ Global AI R&D Activity. Center for Security and Emerging Technology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51593/20190008.

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Many factors influence where U.S. tech multinational corporations decide to conduct their global artificial intelligence research and development (R&D). Company AI labs are spread all over the world, especially in North America, Europe and Asia. But in contrast to AI labs, most company AI staff remain concentrated in the United States. Roxanne Heston and Remco Zwetsloot explain where these companies conduct AI R&D, why they select particular locations, and how they establish their presence there. The report is accompanied by a new open-source dataset of more than 60 AI R&D labs run by these companies worldwide.

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Roschelle, Jeremy, and Nicola M. Hodkowski. Using Research on Homework to Improve Remote and Hybrid Learning. Digital Promise, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51388/20.500.12265/107.

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Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many students are learning remotely or in a hybrid of remote and in-school learning. As a result, most teachers and students are in learning situations where more independent work is assigned to students. There is no research that directly speaks to this unprecedented situation. There is, however, a considerable body of established research to draw on about assigning independent work to students to do at home: research on homework. Further, technology to support homework is becoming more available and research supports its effectiveness. In this article, we review some of the major points of this established research and suggest how schools, teachers, and parents and guardians can apply this research and related technology now, during the pandemic.

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Qamhia, Issam, and Erol Tutumluer. Evaluation of Geosynthetics Use in Pavement Foundation Layers and Their Effects on Design Methods. Illinois Center for Transportation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-025.

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This report presents findings of a research effort aimed at reviewing and updating existing Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) specifications and manuals regarding the use of geosynthetic materials in pavements. The project consisted of three tasks: evaluate current IDOT practice related to the use of geosynthetics; review research and state of the practice on geosynthetics applications, available products, design methods, and specifications; and propose recommendations for geosynthetic solutions in pavements to modernize IDOT’s practices and manuals. The review of IDOT specifications revealed that geotextiles are the most used geosynthetic product in Illinois, followed by geogrids. Several of IDOT’s manuals have comprehensive guidelines to properly design and construct pavements with geosynthetics, but several knowledge gaps and potential areas for modernization and adoption of new specifications still exist. Based on the review of the available design methods and the most relevant geosynthetic properties and characterization methods linked to field performance, several updates to IDOT’s practice were proposed. Areas of improvement are listed as follows. First, establish proper mechanisms for using geogrids, geocells, and geotextiles in subgrade restraint and base stabilization applications. This includes using shear wave transducers, i.e., bender elements, to quantify local stiffness enhancements and adopting the Giroud and Han design method for subgrade restraint applications. Second, update IDOT’s Subgrade Stability Manual to include property requirements for geogrids, geotextiles, and geocells suitable for subgrade restraint applications. Third, establish proper standards on stabilization, separation, and pumping resistance for geotextiles by incorporating recent research findings on geotextile clogging and permeability criteria. Fourth, promote the use of modern geosynthetic products, such as geotextiles with enhanced lateral drainage, and fifth, elaborate on proper methods for construction/quality control measures for pavements with geosynthetics.

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