Relevant bibliographies by topics / Established women

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Established women'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 17 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Established women"

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Martins, Gabriela F., Cláudia L. Leal, Beatriz Schmidt, and Cesar Augusto Piccinini. "Motherhood and Work: Experience of Women with Established Careers." Temas em Psicologia 27, no. 1 (2019): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.9788/tp2019.1-06.

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Lees, B., M. Pugh, N. Siddle, and JC Stevenson. "Comparison of skeletal changes in women established on HRT with women newly starting HRT." Osteoporosis International 6, S1 (1996): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02500425.

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O'Brien, Diana Z. "“Righting” Conventional Wisdom: Women and Right Parties in Established Democracies." Politics & Gender 14, no. 01 (2018): 27–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743923x17000514.

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Parties are the key actors shaping women's representation in advanced parliamentary democracies. Based on traditional patterns of feminist organizing, conventional wisdom suggests that parties of the left are the strongest advocates for women. Despite the prevalence of this claim, a burgeoning body of work indicates that parties on the right can—and often do—seek to represent women. To address these competing narratives, this article offers the first large-N, party-level study of women's descriptive and substantive representation over place and time. The results suggest that party ideology continues to affect women's representation: right parties lag behind their left counterparts with respect to women's presence in elected office, and right and left parties address women differently on their platforms. At the same time, there is significant heterogeneity among right parties. Christian democrats, for example, are more likely than conservatives to adopt voluntary gender quotas and make policy claims on behalf of women. The traditional left-right distinction is thus too coarse to fully explain party behavior in these states.
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Christiansen, Claus. "6 Hormone replacement therapy for established osteoporosis in elderly women." Baillière's Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology 5, no. 4 (1991): 853–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0950-3552(05)80292-5.

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Vranic, Aleksandra, Iva Pruner, Mirjana Veselinovic, et al. "Assessment of hemostatic disturbances in women with established rheumatoid arthritis." Clinical Rheumatology 38, no. 11 (2019): 3005–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10067-019-04629-8.

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Mahajan, Shaifali, Christeena Geneev, Vivek Immanuel, and Pamela Alice Kingsley. "Relevance of Established Risk Factors for Carcinoma Breast in Indian Women." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 9, no. 30 (2020): 2124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2020/463.

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Cundy, Tim, Greg Gamble, Alice Manuel, Kevin Townend, and Alistair Roberts. "Determinants of Birth-weight in Women with Established and Gestational Diabetes." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 33, no. 3 (1993): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-828x.1993.tb02078.x.

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Eriksen, Mette Brandt, Ariane Denise Minet, Dorte Glintborg, and Michael Gaster. "Intact Primary Mitochondrial Function in Myotubes Established from Women with PCOS." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 96, no. 8 (2011): E1298—E1302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2011-0278.

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Abstract Context: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects 5–8% of fertile women and is often accompanied by insulin resistance, leading to increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Skeletal muscle from insulin-resistant PCOS subjects display reduced expression of nuclear encoded genes involved in mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. Objective: We aimed to investigate whether there was a primary mitochondrial dysfunction or difference in mitochondria content that might contribute to the in vivo detected insulin resistance. Design: The ATP synthesis with and without ATP use and the mitochondrial mass was determined in mitochondria isolated from myotubes established from PCOS subjects and control subjects. Patients: Myotubes were established from eight insulin-resistant PCOS subjects (verified by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp) and eight healthy weight- and age-matched controls. Results: Mitochondrial mass and measurable mitochondrial ATP synthesis, with and without ATP use, were not different between PCOS subjects and control subjects. Conclusion: We found no evidence for a primary impaired mitochondrial function or content in myotubes established from PCOS subjects, and our results suggest that reduced expression of oxidative genes in PCOS subjects is an adaptive trait.
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Gulekli, Bulent, Melanie C. Davies, and Howard S. Jacobs. "Effect of treatment on established osteoporosis in young women with amenorrhoea." Clinical Endocrinology 41, no. 3 (1994): 275–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2265.1994.tb02545.x.

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PITSAVOS, CHRISTOS, CHRISTODOULOS STEFANADIS, and PAVLOS TOUTOUZAS. "Contraception in Women at High Risk or with Established Cardiovascular Disease." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 900, no. 1 (2006): 215–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06233.x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Established women"

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Gagen, Mary G. "Job displacement of established women workers : correlates and employment consequences." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1269537414.

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Jackson, Naundria Jarlego, and Naundria Jarlego Jackson. "Advanced Practice Nurses' Knowledge of Sexually Transmitted Infection and Established Counseling Guidelines." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622906.

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Background: Sexually transmitted infection (STI) rates represent a significant health disparity among young adult African American women. A major factor contributing to this issue is inconsistent condom use. This is especially a challenge for the state of Georgia, which has a high incidence of STI among the southern states. STI prevention counseling delivery through primary care providers is the primary recommendation from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and U.S. Preventive Services Taskforce. However, knowledge, attitudes, and practices of STI prevention counseling by advanced practice registered nurses (APRN) who care for young adult African American women are unknown in Georgia.Purpose: This doctor of nursing practice project investigated knowledge, attitudes, and practices of STI prevention by Georgia APRNs caring for young adult African American women on an outpatient basis and determined congruency of their counseling with primary prevention guide-lines. Methods: The design was descriptive cross-sectional. An online survey using Qualtrics software was distributed via professional listservs and postal mail to eligible Georgia APRNs currently in practice. Participants' knowledge of STI, STI prevention, and current practice guidelines and recommendations were assessed using knowledge questionnaires including true/false and multiple choice questions. Participants' attitudes regarding STI prevention counseling with young African American women and current APRN behaviors, in relation to current practice guidelines, were measured using Likert-type scales. Outcomes: The final sample size included 22 participants. Forty initiated the survey, ten did not meet eligibility criteria, six ended the survey during eligibility screening, and two ended the survey after completing less than seven percent of it. In general, participants were knowledgeable of STI and the majority of participants were knowledgeable of the CDC and USPSTF guidelines. The majority of participants felt comfortable discussing sexual practices with patients and providing feedback and advice on reducing STI risk behavior. However, the majority of participants did not believe that their current practice setting actively supported their delivery of STI prevention counseling. Overall, participants' practices were more congruent with the CDC guidelines compared to the USPSTF guidelines. This was reflected in knowledge and practice behaviors, specifically assessing for STI, providing feedback on risk behavior, and advising on behavior change with STI-infected patients and those at risk for STI. Fewer chose the USPSTF as their established practice guideline. This was revealed in practice behaviors pertaining to 'high-risk' counseling, as few tended to set goals for STI risk behavior change, document behavior goals, refer to STI resources, or follow up with referrals made to other STI risk reduction programs. Practice implications: Although overall APRN knowledge of STI was high, there were some knowledge deficits relating to appropriate barrier methods for viral-based STI and high-risk sexual behaviors associated with HBV. There was also a lack of knowledge and practice behaviors of the USPSTF STI prevention counseling guidelines. Therefore, future studies and interventions should aim to educate APRNs about these knowledge and practice insufficiencies.
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McKeown, Barry Hugh. "Determinants of atherosclerosis in elderly post-menopausal women : effects of endogenous estrogen, estrogen-related genes and established cardiovascular risk factors." University of Western Australia. School of Medicine and Pharmacology, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0100.

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[Truncated thesis] Background & Aims- The determinants of atherosclerosis in elderly postmenopausal women are poorly understood. We do not know if the traditional coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors remain important in this group. Despite the growing body of data relating to exogenous estrogen, we know very little about the relationship of endogenous estrogen with inflammation, CHD risk factors and subclinical atherosclerosis in elderly women. Genes that may play a role in post-menopausal cardiovascular disease (CVD)(ER-α and Apo E gene polymorphisms) have not been examined in this population for their effect on sub-clinical atherosclerosis and whether this effect is modified by the level of endogenous estrogen. We have examined the effect of established cardiovascular risk factors, endogenous estrogen and Apo E genotype on carotid artery atherosclerosis in a large group of women over the age of 70 years. In smaller sub-groups, we have examined the relationship between ER-α gene polymorphisms and atherosclerosis and the relationship between endogenous estrogen and CRP. Methods- We studied 1149 ambulatory elderly women who were recruited from the electoral role in Perth, Western Australia in 1998 and subsequently underwent carotid ultrasound assessment in 2001 according to a standardised protocol (for detection of focal plaque and measurement of intimal-medial thickness). The subjects had a mean age of 75 years (range 70 to 82 years) at baseline. We assessed the following variables in almost all subjects at baseline; time from menopause, FEI (molar ratio of plasma estradiol to sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) x 1000), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL and HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, body mass index, glycated haemoglobin, homocysteine, apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotype, history of smoking, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and medication use. Four hundred and thirty three women were analysed for estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) genotype and 100 underwent measurement of high sensitivity C-reactive protein.
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Neumann, Caryn E. "Status seekers: long-established women’s organizations and the women’s movement in the United States, 1945-1970s." The Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1135871482.

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Botha, Melodi. "Measuring the effectiveness of the women entrepreneurship programme, as a training intervention, on potential, start-up and established women entrepreneurs in South Africa." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11152006-154856.

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Neumann, Caryn E. "Status seekers long-established women's organizations and the women's movement in the United States, 1945-1970s /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1135871482.

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Tsondai, Priscilla Ruvimbo. "HIV viral load monitoring in HIV-infected pregnant women established on antiretroviral therapy in Cape Town, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23394.

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Background: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) services have expanded over the past decade, providing treatment to over 15 million people globally. It is imperative that this scale-up of ART provision be accompanied by optimal treatment response monitoring strategies to timely and accurately detect treatment failure. Routine viral load (VL) monitoring is the preferred ART response monitoring tool and its use has been increasing across Africa; however, there are few insights into VL monitoring practices during pregnancy. This thesis describes public sector VL testing practices in a cohort of HIV-infected pregnant women who initiated ART before pregnancy in Cape Town, South Africa. Methods: This study was conceived in 2015 as a sub-analysis of the first phase of an on-going prospective trial: the Strategies to optimize antiretroviral therapy services for maternal and child health (MCH-ART) Study, being conducted in Gugulethu, Cape Town, South Africa. Consecutive HIV-infected pregnant women on ART before pregnancy and making their first visit to a primary care antenatal clinic between March 2013 and June 2014 were enrolled into the study. Pre-existing demographic, obstetric and ART history data collected during enrolment into the MCH-ART study were used. In addition, HIV VL results were obtained from the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) system from 15 months prior to the estimated date of conception to delivery. VL testing and VL results were described for the two periods: (i) before conception (from estimated date of conception to 15 months prior) and (ii) during pregnancy (from estimated date of conception to delivery). Results: Among 520 women the median age was 31 years [Interquartile range (IQR), 28-35 years] and the median duration of ART use was 2.7 years [IQR, 1.5-5.1 years]. Before conception, 66% (n=311) of women had at least one VL test done in routine adult ART services, and 9% of these results (n=29) were >1000 copies/mL. During the pregnancy, 80% (n=415) of women had at least one VL test done and 12% (n=49) of these results were >1000 copies/mL. Pregnant women with elevated VL >1000 copies/mL were more likely to have been on ART for longer (p=0.049), report at least 2 missed ART doses in the preceding 30 days (p=0.043) and be on a protease inhibitorbased regimen (p=0.016). Among women with VL >1000 copies/mL during pregnancy, 59% (n=29) had a repeat VL done at a median of 3.5 months after the initial test (IQR, 2.1-4.4 months) with 52% (n=15) of these women having a VL >1000 copies/mL on this second test. Conclusion: While coverage of VL monitoring appears high in this setting, a substantial fraction of women with elevated VL in pregnancy were never retested. With increasing numbers of HIV positive women using ART, greater attention is needed to design and implement effective strategies for VL monitoring in pregnancy.
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Lissollas, Anette. "Att integrera i det svenska samhället : En undersökning om kvinnor med invandrarbakgrund och deras syn på introduktion och andra faktorer som påverkar inträdet i det svenska arbetslivet och samhället." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Sociologi, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-3656.

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The integration policy in Sweden shall encourage individuals to support themselves and take part in society. It shall alsocontribute to equal rights and opportunities for women as well as for men. In Borlänge this has resulted in a program ofintroduction for new arrivals from other countries. However, at the unit responsible for economic support, they havediscovered that women with immigrant background more often than men seem to have trouble starting or became to anending of the program, which then especially leads women to a long-term dependence for economic support. The purpose of this study has therefore been to investigate what factors affect immigrant women’s participation in theintroduction, and what significance this participation has for their possibilities to become economically self-supporting,and integrated into Swedish society. Previous research shows that some of the obstacles for the integration of immigrant women can be that they give birthto many children, are unskilled or have a low degree of education and that they tend to be living under patriarchalgender patterns. Another problem seem to be that some women are not even known as members of the municipalities.All of these problems are as well what was shown in my own study. I have used theoretical perspectives from Bourdieu, Elias & Scotson, Giddens, Roman and al-Baldawi in my analysis.Bourdieu have interesting thoughts about capital, habitus and field, which can help us to understand how individuals arebeing shaped and are given different opportunities to act in a special way or direction. Elias & Scotson describesthrough their study around established and outsiders how the process of integration can take place and what effects thatcan be shown for the opportunities to succeed in that part. Giddens, Roman and al-Baldawi then give us different waysto look at the patriarchy and family structures around the world. The result of this study shows that the willingness to integrate and be able to take care of your own support for living isan important part for the women for succeeding. For the other women, that don’t succeed, it turns out to be just like theprevious research has been shown. Gender patterns, many children and a low or no education skill all seems to be partof the issue. It is also suggested that the generosity of the Swedish welfare system might hinder rather than help someimmigrant women to become integrated into Swedish society.
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Månsson, Emma. "The use of semiotics and pragmatics in printed advertisements : How consumers make sense of advertisements in relation to established theories." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för lärande, humaniora och samhälle, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-38396.

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This essay is a study which is intended to explore how a well-known makeup company, M.A.C., uses semiotics and pragmatics in their advertisements and how the consumer’s reaction corresponds with what is proposed in the theories. Three printed advertisements were analyzed by the author and six qualitative interviews were conducted with Swedish women of different ages. The analysis of the advertisements identified semiotic and pragmatic features including linguistic and non-linguistic signs, cultural myths, metaphors, similes, pronouns, deixis, visual parallelism as well as the use of Relevance Theory such as enrichment. The results revealed that M.A.C. Cosmetics marketing strategies correlate to, or can be explained by, key theories within pragmatics and semiotics. The results of the interviews show that the majority of the interviewees react correspondingly with what is proposed in the Theoretical Background chapter and the research has validated the theories and confirmed them as useful and effective analytical tools for examining advertising texts. It was also established that the ​advertiser appears to be aware, consciously or not, of​ the cognitive processes involved​ ​in the interpretation of advertisements which Relevance Theory explains, such as enrichment.
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Mitchell, Jillian Mary Graham, and jill mitchell@health sa gov au. "A Matter of Urgency! Remote Aboriginal Women’s Health. Examining the transfer, adaptation and implementation of an established holistic Aboriginal Well Women’s Health program from one remote community to another with similar needs and characteristics." Flinders University. Nursing and Midwifery, 2007. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20070725.112610.

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Aim: As a priority for Aboriginal women, in the context of worsening Aboriginal health and lack of clarity about successful strategies to address healthcare needs, this research explored successful strategies in remote Aboriginal women’s health that may be transferable to another community with similar health needs. Methodology: Against a background of cultural and historical events, the study sought to identify existing strategies and frameworks for Aboriginal women’s health. It uses Naturalistic Inquiry situated within the Interpretive paradigm and conceptualised within the philosophical approach of feminist and critical social theory It has examined Aboriginal health providers’ and women’s priorities, practices, perceptions and expectations within the context of primary health care and community development principles by Participatory Action Research (PAR). The successful elements of an established and effective Aboriginal Well Women’s Health (AWWH) program from Central Australia (CA) were identified, transferred and adapted to meet the needs of a willing recipient remote community in South Australia (SA). Working together with healthcare providers from CA and SA, the adapted Well Women’s Health program was implemented in an Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Service collaboratively with local mainstream Community Women’s health services and evaluated. Results: Over a two year period, the research was evaluated through Critical Social Theory examining both the process of implementation and the impact on the Aboriginal community, analysing both qualitative and quantitative data. The AWWH program model and its principles were successfully transferred, adapted and implemented in this community. The AWWH program which included comprehensive health screening, health information and lifestyle sessions have become core business of the Aboriginal health service and an Aboriginal Men’s Well Health program has also been established using the same model. The women have found the AWWH program culturally acceptable and their attendance has steadily increased and the program has reached those women in the community who previously had never experienced a well health check. It has also identified an extremely high incidence and comorbidity of acute illness and chronic disease in diabetes, renal and dental disease, mental and social health problems that require address. Conclusion: Health programs that are well established and effective can be successfully replicated, transferred and adapted to other communities if the elements that made them successful are acknowledged and those principles are then transferred with the program to a willing community with similar needs. This program transfer has potential to save much time and developmental costs that will help to address poor Aboriginal health.
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Books on the topic "Established women"

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Men, European Committee for Equality between Women and. National institutional and non-institutional machinery established in the Council of Europe members states to promote equality between women and men: Comparative study. Council of Europe, Committee for Equality between Women and Men, 1985.

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Report of the Committee Established to Review the Functions and Operations of the Ministry of Women Affairs: As directed by Cabinet in July 2001. The Committee, 2001.

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Women, National Action Committee on the Status of. Draft notes for a presentation to Standing Commons Committee on Finance on Bills C-20 and C-32: Proposed legislation to amend certain statutes to implement the budget tabled in Parliament on February 26, 1991. [s.n.], 1991.

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United Way of the Lower Mainland. Social Planning and Research Dept. and Canada. Health and Welfare Canada., eds. Transition house: How to establish a refuge for battered women. National Clearinghouse on Family Violence, Social Service Programs Branch, Health and Welfare Canada, 1989.

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Canada. Family Violence Prevention Division. Transition house: How to establish a refuge for battered women. National Clearinghouse on Family Violence, Social Service Programs Branch, Health and Welfare Canada, 1986.

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Way, Canada United. Transition house: How to establish a refuge for battered women. United Way, 1986.

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MacLeod, Flora. Transition house: How to establish a refuge for battered women. The National Clearinghouse on Family Violence, Social Service Programs Branch, Health and Welfare Canada, 1989.

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Massachusetts. General Court. Special Committee on Comparable Worth. Second interim report of the joint special committee established for the purpose of making an investigation and study relative to comparable worth in employment and the extent to which sex segregation exists in employment in the Commonwealth: (under House Order No. 6547 of 1983 and revived and continued by House Order No. 5854 of 1985), January 12, 1987. Commonwealth of Massachusetts, 1987.

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Kienzler, Hanna. Gender and communal longevity among Hutterites: How Hutterite women establish, maintain, and change colony life. Shaker, 2005.

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Kritcharoen, Varunee. Proposal to establish a voluntary organization to support the socio-economic development of poor rural women in upper north-east Thailand. Local Development Assistance Program], 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Established women"

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Patel, Gayatri H. "A New Kid on the Block: What Is the Universal Periodic Review, and Why Was It Established?" In Women and International Human Rights Law. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351235105-1.

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Giardina, Carol. "The Movement Is Established 1970." In Freedom for Women. University Press of Florida, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813034560.003.0012.

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Sadiqi, Fatima. "Genesis of Gender and Women’s Studies at the University of Fez, Morocco." In Women Rising. NYU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479846641.003.0034.

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Launching the first gender studies program in the University of Fez was a challenge. After much resistance, the organizers established the interdisciplinary dirasat al-ajnas (study of genres) as a form of intellectual resistance. In this chapter, Fatima Sadiqi shares the story of her success in gradually changing norms and establishing the first women’s studies research center at the University of Fez in Morocco.
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Sayed, Sana. "Hidden Voices, Hidden Agendas." In Women Rising. NYU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479846641.003.0013.

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The most well-established women’s nonsecular groups in Syria are rooted in faith: al-Qubaysiat and the Syrian Sisterhood. In this chapter, Sana Sayed attempts to understand the activism of Islamist women’s groups in Syria. She gives a historical overview of their movement dating back to 1950 in Syria. She further discusses the problematic presence of these religious, female-led groups and the challenge they face in reconciling their conflicting ideologies with secularists.
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Edwards, Jennifer C. "Early Tests of Radegund’s Strategies." In Superior Women. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837923.003.0002.

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Chapter 2 examines the first tests of Radegund’s two strategies for protecting Sainte-Croix through three examples. First, it traces Radegund’s pursuit and installation of a prestigious relic at Sainte-Croix, over the hostile objections of her local bishop, through the support of kings, emperors, and more prominent bishops. Second, the chapter recalls the absence of this hostile bishop from Radegund’s funeral and how the Sainte-Croix’s Abbess Agnes calls on Gregory of Tours for assistance. And third, it examines the struggles of Leubovera, first abbess after the death of Sainte-Croix’s “founding generation,” as she dealt with an extensive rebellion within Sainte-Croix. All three of these women succeed over their local officials or rivals through the support of Frankish kings and bishops, whose alliances Radegund had established and subsequent leaders in the monastery cultivated.
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Edwards, Jennifer C. "Establishing Authority in Poitiers." In Superior Women. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837923.003.0001.

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Chapter 1 examines the sixth-century foundation of female monastic authority in Poitiers and its model created through artifacts of Radegund’s life written by Gregory of Tours, Venantius Fortunatus, and Baudonivia. Radegund’s biographies articulated her sanctity and established Radegund’s two strategies for protecting her monastery: first, she relied on networks of allies, primarily bishops and kings, to support her; and second, she created a set of cultural ideas, symbols, and materials that later nuns used to attach new allies to the Abbey. Radegund left two holy objects that became key elements in the abbess’s efforts to assert her authority: the True Cross relic and her own physical relics. Radegund sought to free Sainte-Croix’s abbesses from their local bishop and connect them, instead, to the bishop of Tours, Frankish kings, the Byzantine emperor, and the papacy, believing that this would strengthen Sainte-Croix. Documents Radegund secured began an archive of privileges crucial to the authority of future abbesses.
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Edwards, Jennifer C. "Contested Elections and Reform." In Superior Women. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837923.003.0007.

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Chapter 7 investigates conflicts within Sainte-Croix around contentious abbatial elections. These conflicts demonstrate that Sainte-Croix’s advocates respected a properly elected abbess’s authority, and reveal that an abbess could be seriously challenged by accusations of immorality or mismanagement of resources, even if there was little merit to the charges. A running theme through these conflicts was a desire for reform, either from a minority of the abbey community or by the abbess herself, with these two often in tension. The last of these conflicts, in 1512, resulted in the removal of Sainte-Croix’s abbess by the king of France and the imposition of monastic reform on the abbey. The chapter investigates the king’s motivations for reforming the abbey, and his selection of Fontevraud as a reform model. Since the king of France had long been an ally of the monastery, this chapter especially investigates Francis’s change from that established pattern of support.
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Ridge, Emily. "Writing Modernist Women." In Women Making Modernism. University Press of Florida, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813066172.003.0002.

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“Writing Modernist Women: Toward a Poetics of Insubstantiality” traces the development of a “poetics of insubstantiality” across the works of a range of early twentieth-century women writers, including May Sinclair, Dorothy Richardson, Virginia Woolf, Cicely Hamilton, and Edith Wharton, among others. Such a poetics saw a subversive turn towards elements deemed insubstantial, in terms of size and weight, as a means of questioning an established connection of value with the idea of substance. Thus smallness, lightness, and portability are embraced for their dynamic potential in offering an alternative means of engaging with and imagining the world. In demonstrating the dynamic potential of the insubstantial, as conceived by these modernist writers, the chapter builds on recent endeavours, spearheaded by Paul K. Saint-Amour (2018), to conceive of a “weak” modernism, in which “one kind of weakness […] produce[s] another kind of strength.” Likewise, a lack of substance, often even of tangibility, can be found to produce another kind of value in the works I consider here.
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Manko, Katina. "The Men and Women of Avon." In Ding Dong! Avon Calling! Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190499822.003.0006.

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During World War II, the size of the Avon representative salesforce shrank as women took jobs in the war industry. The stalwart representatives who remained with the company established the highest sales records in its history. When the war ended, the size of the sales force increased again but its efficiency lagged. Avon established new sales offices in cities and suburbs, carefully drawing territories that excluded African American and minority neighborhoods. The female agents who had traveled to recruit were tapped to manage the new city sales offices, creating a new middle-management rung on the corporate career ladder physically independent from the men at headquarters. They soon occupied a meaningful and influential position in the company, ensuring its success in the postwar era.
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Crowder, Susannah. "‘I, Catherine’: biography, documentary culture, and public presence." In Performing women. Manchester University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526106407.003.0003.

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Catherine Baudoche’s versatile patronage illustrates that, in Metz, female performance fed broader currents of cultural patronage and financial agency. This chapter develops a multifaceted portrait through the biographies of Catherine and her stepmother, Catherine Gronnaix, revealing a family history that positioned these women at a nexus of social and economic power. Through ceremonial practice and entertainments, these two Catherines forged connections with local and trans-regional elites that reinforced those created by the Saint Catherine jeu. Moreover, at multiple points in their lives – early childhood, youth, marriage, widowhood, old age – the Catherines took part in financial transactions that put them at the center of performative legal acts. Catherine Gronnaix, for example, enacted her vassalage to the dukes of Lorraine through a combination of spoken oath and physical sealing. Such performances served as a sign and representation of identity that was affirmed through public rite. Personal wealth enabled the financial power that supported acts of dramatic and liturgical patronage. Yet economic ownership and agency also positioned the Catherines to represent themselves in seals, legal language, ceremonies, and household performances that established them as full participants in the Messine legal and political spheres.
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Conference papers on the topic "Established women"

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Kaur, Kirandeep, and Satinder Kaur. "A Brief Review of Energy Efficient Protocols in Mobile Ad hoc Networks." In International Conference on Women Researchers in Electronics and Computing. AIJR Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.114.36.

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Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) is an assemblage of multi-hop wireless mobile nodes that communicate with each other without centralized control and established infrastructure. Energy efficient routing is not merely concerned about less power consumption, it also deals with increasing the time duration in which any network maintains certain performance level. Therefore, power management becomes an essential issue. Considering this, various authors have designed and developed different techniques to enhance the energy efficiency of mobile networks. This paper focuses on the comparative study of different developments and modifications that have been carried out in this field in past decades. It also highlights how these modifications have helped to enhance the network lifetime.
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Sungur, Zerrin. "Women Entrepreneurship in Slow Cities of Turkey from a Sociological Perspective." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00786.

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Cittàslow movement was established in Italy in 1999. The Slow City movement incorporates a philosophy and a commitment to maintain the cultural heritage and quality of life of their membership towns. A slow city aims to improve the quality of life of its citizens and its visitors. Member towns are obliged to pursue local projects protecting local cultures, contributing to a relaxed pace of life, creating conviviality and hospitality and promoting a unique sense of place and local distinctiveness. There are nine slow cities in Turkey in 2013. This study examines the women entrepreneurship in slow cities of Turkey from a sociological perspective. Slow cities offer many opportunities in the meaning of local development especially for women in Turkey. They can engage with small business, hand-crafts, and organic farming in slow cities. But training of women, certification of the quality of artisan products and awareness of the citizens of slow cities are the critical issues in the sustainable local development process. Therefore, it is possible to increase income level of women living in slow cities in Turkey and also to preserve local tastes.
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Sepúlveda-Páez, Geraldy, and Carmen Araneda-Guirriman. "WOMEN FACULTY AND SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTIVITY IN LATIN AMERICAN CONTEXT: EVIDENCE FROM CHILE." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021end026.

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Since the 19th century, the position of women in the context of higher education has undergone multiple changes, although their incorporation has not been a simple or homogeneous task. Currently, women face new consequential challenges of a globalized world and the notion of market education that characterizes institutions nowadays. One of the great challenges is related to the under-representation of women in senior research positions (Aiston and Fo, 2020). In this context, new standards have been established to measure the productivity, quality, and effectiveness of teachers, specifically scientific productivity has been internalized as an indicator of professional progress, the type of publication, its impact, and the citation rates today. They have special relevance, where many times achieving high scientific productivity is very complex for academics who do not access the teaching staff early (Webber and Rogers, 2018). Furthermore, it is very difficult for academic women to maintain high levels of productivity constantly both at work and home (Lipton, 2020). In this sense, the principles that encourage academic productivity increase competition among teachers and reinforce gender inequalitiestogether with a valuation of male professional life (Martínez, 2017). Indeed, the participation of women in sending articles is much lower than their male counterparts (Lerback and Hanson, 2017). Therefore, the present study aims to visualize the participation of Chilean academics in current productivity indices, based on the description of secondary data obtained from the DataCiencia and Scival platforms. The sample consists of 427 people, of which 17.3% were women, with an average of 10 publications for the year 2019. To achieve the objectives, the following strategy was developed: 1) describe and interpret the secondary data obtained during the year 2019 on each of the platforms. 2) Compare the data obtained to national averages and type of institution and gender. Based on the analyzes, the implications of female participation in the number of women observed at the national level and their position in international indicators and new lines of research are discussed.
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Dubovitskaya, Tat’yana, Aleksandr Shashkov, and Ekaterina Katan. "Behavioral responses to the pandemic." In Safety psychology and psychological safety: problems of interaction between theorists and practitioners. «Publishing company «World of science», LLC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15862/53mnnpk20-05.

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The article contains a description of the author's questionnaire, which allows identifying the types of behavioral response to the pandemic, developed in accordance with the terminology of Elizabeth Kübel-Ross. The article presents the results of a comparative study of behavioral responses to the pandemic (denial, anger, bargaining, depression, humility, fear) in men and women, citizens of Russia and Belarus. The interrelation of behavioral reactions and coping strategies of the individual is established.
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Lopresti, ML, KL Edmiston, A. Oconnor, et al. "Abstract P2-04-04: Breast cancer risk reduction in high risk women identified at the time of screening mammography. Integrating data from an established high risk clinic." In Abstracts: Thirty-Sixth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium - Dec 10-14, 2013; San Antonio, TX. American Association for Cancer Research, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs13-p2-04-04.

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Hamid, Aamna, Zumin Shi, and Lukman Thalib. "Association between Soft Drink Consumption and Bone Mineral Density among Qatari Women- Analysis of Qatar Biobank data." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0182.

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Background: Decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) increases the risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis. It is common in older women, as the BMD tends to decrease with age, particularly after menopause. While age and hormonal changes are well-established risk factors, other factors have been investigated for possible links to increase the risk of osteoporosis. These factors include dietary patterns and lifestyle. Aim: To explore the association between soft drink consumption and BMD. Method: This cross-sectional study included data from 1000 Qatari women age ≥ 40 year’s participated in the Qatar Biobank Study. BMD levels were measured using the Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) scan and the soft drink consumption was assessed using a food frequency questionnaires. Multiple quantile regression models were used to assess the association between bone mineral density and soft drink consumption. Results: While most of the participants did not drink soft drinks (68%), around one third reported consuming soft drinks. A total of 16.4% of participants reported consuming soft drinks < 1 time/ week and 15.6% of participants reported consuming soft drinks ≥ 1 time/ week. There was an inverse association between BMD and soft drink consumption. Compared with non-consumers, ≥ 1 time/week consumption of soft drink had a -0.034 95%CI (-0.056, -0.012) at 0.25 quantile for BMD after adjusting for age, BMI, menopausal status, smoking status, physical activities, milk intake, and fruit and vegetable consumption. Also, BMD was negatively associated with regular soft drinks, but not with diet soft drink and energy drink. Conclusion: High consumption of soft drink is inversely related to BMD among Qatari women. Further longitudinal and clinical studies are required before developing public health intervention to improve bone health by reducing soft drink consumption.
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Bhuiyan, Ariful I., Javad Hashemi, and James R. Slauterbeck. "Does the Curved Nature of the Tibia Influence the Non-Contact ACL Injury?" In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-89422.

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The geometry of the tibial plateau and the femoral condyles are emerging as key parameters to be studied as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk factors. In this paper, we study the role of curved profile of the medial compartment of the tibia in a sagittal plane as a critical risk factor for the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. The curvature of the mid-medial compartment of Tibia in 40 uninjured controls (21 women and 19 men) and 44 anterior cruciate ligament-injured cases (23 women and 21 men) were measured using magnetic resonance images and in-house matlab programming. We hypothesized that the Individuals with a less curved profile in the medial compartment of the tibia are at increased risk of suffering an anterior cruciate ligament injury compared to those with larger curved profiles. Based on t-tests, we established that the uninjured controls had larger curvature (p<0.05) compared to the injured cases. Biomechanically speaking a larger curvature of the tibia could prevent excessive sliding movement of femur with respect to the tibia, and thus could reduce the ACL strain. We suggest that future studies are needed to confirm this relationship and to evaluate the potential role of this curved profile of tibia in the risk of ACL injury.
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Bhuiyan, Ariful I., Javad Hashemi, Ryan E. Breighner, and James R. Slauterbeck. "Influence of Tibial Eminence Size on the ACL Injury." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-63555.

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The geometry of the tibial plateau as well as the femoral condyles are emerging as key parameters to be studied as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk factors. In this paper, we study the role of tibial eminence size as a potentially important characteristic of the tibial plateau in loading and or protecting the ACL from injury. The volume of Tibial eminence in 52 uninjured controls (32 women and 20 men) and 44 anterior cruciate ligament-injured cases (23 women and 21 men) were measured using magnetic resonance images and 3-d image reconstruction using commercial software Analyze 9.0. We hypothesized that the Individuals with a small tibial eminence are at increased risk of suffering an anterior cruciate ligament injury compared with those with larger tibial eminences. Based on t-tests, we established that the uninjured controls had larger tibial eminences (p<0.05) compared with the injured cases. Biomechanically speaking a larger tibial eminence could prevent excessive medio-lateral movement of femur with respect to the tibia. A larger eminence could also protect the knee from large magnitude rotational movements. We suggest that future studies are needed to confirm this relationship and to evaluate the potential role of the tibial eminence size in the risk of ACL injury.
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Ortega, A. M., T. A. Bateman, E. W. Livingston, et al. "Spaceflight Related Changes in Structure and Strength of Mouse Trabecular and Cortical Bone From the STS-118 Space Shuttle Mission." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14785.

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Rapid bone loss during spaceflight is a well-established and continuing medical issue for astronauts. It has been reported that astronauts have displayed bone loss at rates of up to 2.7%/month in weight-bearing bones, or about 6 times that of post-menopausal women [1]. Rodent models have provided a means to further our understanding of the effects of microgravity on bone quality, both from studies in which rodents have flown aboard space missions and those in which weightlessness is simulated on earth through musculoskeletal unloading [2]. Such studies have the potential to not only further our understanding of the cause of decreased bone integrity in space, but also provide an accelerated model for the study of osteo-degenerative diseases affecting the general public, leading to improved treatment methods for both spaceflight and age or illness related osteoporosis.
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Mital, Manu, and E. P. Scott. "Thermal Detection of Embedded Tumors Using Infrared Imaging." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-62260.

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Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. Statistics released by American Cancer Society (1999) show that every 1 in every 8 women in the United States is likely to get breast cancer during her lifetime. Thermography, also known as thermal or infrared imaging, is a procedure to determine if an abnormality is present in the breast tissue temperature distribution, which may indicate the presence of an embedded tumor. In the year 1982, United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved thermography as an adjunct method of detecting breast cancer, which could be combined with other established techniques like mammography. Although thermography is currently used to indicate the presence of an abnormality, there are no standard protocols to interpret the abnormal thermal images and determine the size and location of an embedded tumor. This research explores the relationship between the physical characteristics of an embedded tumor and the resulting temperature distributions on the skin surface. Experiments were conducted using a resistance heater that was embedded in agar in order to simulate the heat produced by a tumor in the biological tissue. The resulting temperature distribution on the surface was imaged using an infrared camera. In order to estimate the location and heat generation rate of the source from these temperature distributions, a genetic algorithm was used as the estimation method. The genetic algorithm utilizes a finite difference scheme for the direct solution of Pennes bioheat equation. It was determined that a genetic algorithm based approach is well suited for the estimation problem and that thermography can prove to be a valuable tool in locating tumors if combined with such an algorithm.
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Reports on the topic "Established women"

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Quak, Evert-jan. The Link Between Demography and Labour Markets in sub-Saharan Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.011.

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This rapid review synthesises the literature from academic, policy, and knowledge institution sources on how demography affects labour markets (e.g. entrants, including youth and women) and labour market outcomes (e.g. capital-per-worker, life-cycle labour supply, human capital investments) in the context of sub-Saharan Africa. One of the key findings is that the fast-growing population in sub-Saharan Africa is likely to affect the ability to get productive jobs and in turn economic growth. This normally happens when workers move from traditional (low productivity agriculture and household businesses) sectors into higher productivity sectors in manufacturing and services. In theory the literature shows that lower dependency ratios (share of the non-working age population) should increase output per capita if labour force participation rates among the working age population remain unchanged. If output per worker stays constant, then a decline in dependency ratio would lead to a rise in income per capita. Macro simulation models for sub-Saharan Africa estimate that capital per worker will remain low due to consistently low savings for at least the next decades, even in the low fertility scenario. Sub-Saharan African countries seem too poor for a quick rise in savings. As such, it is unlikely that a lower dependency ratio will initiate a dramatic increase in labour productivity. The literature notes the gender implications on labour markets. Most women combine unpaid care for children with informal and low productive work in agriculture or family enterprises. Large family sizes reduce their productive labour years significantly, estimated at a reduction of 1.9 years of productive participation per woman for each child, that complicates their move into more productive work (if available). If the transition from high fertility to low fertility is permanent and can be established in a relatively short-term period, there are long-run effects on female labour participation, and the gains in income per capita will be permanent. As such from the literature it is clear that the effect of higher female wages on female labour participation works to a large extent through reductions in fertility.
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Gandini, Camilla, Andrea Monje Silva, and Pablo Guerrero. Gender and Transport in Haiti: Gender Diagnostic and Gender Action Plan. Edited by Amanda Beaujon Marin. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003069.

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This technical note encompasses Haiti's gender assessment, evaluates the success of gender specific actions implemented between 2011-2017, and presents a Gender and Transport Action Plan (GAP). The GAPs main aim is to guide investments in Haiti's transport sector in conceptualizing and designing gender-sensitive transport projects. By proposing specific gender actions and outcomes, the GAP establishes a clear path to integrate a gender dimension into operations design, implementation and, monitoring and evaluation. The GAP presents an overall plan to support the development of Haitian women. However, it focuses in the needs of women as transport services users and devotes specific attention to two female sub-groups, comprised by Haitian women engaged in informal trade of local and regional products. These women are known as Madan Sara (MS), and local female mango producers and traders (MPT). The decision of focusing on MS is related to their vital role in the Haitian local labor market and the peculiarity of their work, which has specific transport needs. Understanding and addressing these female groups transport constrains could strategically improve the outcomes of upcoming transport investments and bring more benefits to its beneficiaries.
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The adverse health and social outcomes of sexual coercion: Experiences of young women in developing countries. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy22.1009.

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Although evidence from developing countries is limited, what is available suggests that significant numbers of young women have experienced coercive sex. Studies in diverse settings in Africa, Asia, and Latin America reveal that forced sexual initiation and experiences are not uncommon in all of these settings. Many young victims of abuse fear disclosure as they feel they may be blamed for provoking the incident or stigmatized for having experienced it, and suffer such incidents in silence. Presentations at a meeting held in New Delhi in September 2003 highlighted findings from recent studies that suggest an association between early experiences of sexual violence and a range of adverse physical and mental health and social outcomes. Given that data on the consequences of nonconsensual sex are limited and restricted to a few geographical settings, the scale of the problem and its implications for policies and programs are yet to be established. As noted in this document, presentations at the New Delhi meeting highlighted the need for urgent programmatic action to address young people’s vulnerability to coercive sex and its possible far-reaching consequences.
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Perceptions of community pharmacists, patent and proprietary medicine vendors, and their clients regarding quality of family planning services: The IntegratE Project. Population Council, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh17.1016.

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The IntegratE Project is a four-year initiative (2017–21) implemented by the Population Council and partners that seeks to increase access to contraceptive methods by involving the private sector (community pharmacists [CPs] and patent and proprietary medicine vendors [PPMVs]) in family planning (FP) service delivery in Lagos and Kaduna States, Nigeria. The project aims to establish a regulatory system with the Pharmacists Council of Nigeria to ensure that CPs and PPMVs provide quality FP services, comply with FP regulations, and report service statistics to the Health Information Management System (HMIS). To achieve this, the project is implementing: a pilot three-tiered accreditation system for PPMVs; a supervisory model to ensure standard drug-stocking practices; building the capacity of CPs and PPMVs to provide a wider range of FP services and data report to the HMIS. This brief focuses on quality of care received by women voluntarily seeking FP services from CPs and PPMVs. CPs and PPMVs and their clients appear to be satisfied with the FP services offered by CPs and PPMVs; on-going learning opportunities, and a supportive supervision system that is properly coordinated should be sufficient to maintain the quality of services offered by CPs and PPMVs.
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