Books: 'Established words'

1

d'Olivet, Antoine Fabre. The Hebraic tongue restored and the true meaning of the Hebrew words re-established and proved by their radical analysis. 2nd ed. Hermetica Press, 2007.

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2

Williams, Greg. Hollywoodland, established 1923. Papavasilopoulos Press, 1992.

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3

Boyter, Ian. Robert Smail's printing works: Established 1848, saved for the nation 1987. Marketing Services Division, National Trust for Scotland, 1987.

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4

Reber, Ronnie Lewis. Reber Wagon Works, Centreport, Pennsylvania, established 1892, Drifted Anthracite Coal Company, Bowmanstown, Pennsylvania, 1912 thru 1950. R.L. Reber, 1990.

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5

Inglis & Hunter's Iron Works. Catalogue of patterns of Inglis & Hunter's Iron Works, Toronto, Ontario: Established 1860 in Guelph, moved to Toronto 1881. s.n.], 1986.

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6

Spectacular wineries of New York: A captivating tour of established, estate and boutique wineries. Panache, 2009.

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7

LLC, Panache Partners. Spectacular wineries of New York: A captivating tour of established, estate and boutique wineries. Panache, 2009.

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8

Almeida, Alex. How to improve your credit and establish financial stability. American Legal Consumer Foundatiion, 1989.

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9

Almeida, Alex. How to improve your credit and establish financial stability. American Consumer Credit Foundation, 1989.

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10

Andrade, Otávio Goes de. Matizes do verbo português ficar e seus equivalentes em espanhol. Editora UEL, 2002.

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11

Perfect sleep: How to establish and maintain good sleep habits for your baby. Hamlyn, 2015.

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12

John. Language in dispute: An English translation of Peter of Spain's Tractatus, called afterwards Summulae logicales : on the basis of the critical edition established by L.M. de Rijk. J. Benjamins Pub. Co., 1990.

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13

Kerimov, Vagif, Vadim Kos'yanov, and Rustam Mustaev. Design and management of geological exploration works for oil and gas. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1141214.

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The textbook deals with the organization and management of exploration activities for oil and gas, as well as examples of planning, monitoring and implementation of exploration projects in leading oil and gas companies in Russia and the world. Currently, project management is being actively introduced into the practice of oil and gas exploration, and in this connection, the book examines its features, which have become firmly established in the life of many companies in the oil and gas industry. The main risks of oil and gas exploration are shown. The essence of the local forecast of oil and gas potential and preparation of search objects for drilling is given. The issues of classification of oil and combustible gas reserves and resources are summarized. The geological and economic assessment of the efficiency of geological exploration is considered.  The chapters of the textbook are accompanied by control questions and tasks, as well as topics for essays. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For undergraduates in the direction of training 21.04.01 "Oil and Gas business" and students specializing in the direction 21.05.02 "Applied Geology".

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14

Edwards, Susan. Hughesovka: A Welsh enterprise in Imperial Russia : an account of John Hughes of Merthyr Tydfil, his New Russia Company, and the town, works and collieries which he established in the Ukraine. Glamorgan Record Office, 1992.

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15

Naaman, Fred. America today: The chronicle of one immigrant's stand against unjust taxation and his theory on the liberal conspiracy to establish a one-world government. American Literary Press, 1999.

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16

Edwards, Susan. Hughesovka: [I͡U︡zovka] : a Welsh enterprise in Imperial Russia : an account of John Hughes of Merthyr Tydfil, his New Russia Company, and the town, works and collieries which he established in the Ukraine. Glamorgan Record Office Publications, 1992.

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17

Drone, Jeanette Marie. Indexes to the established titles, variant titles, obsolete uniform titles, and work numbers in the Library of Congress Name-Authority File for the works of Bach, Beethoven, Brahms, Haydn, Mozart, Schubert, Tchaikovsky, Telemann. OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Office of Research, 1988.

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18

To establish a National Commission on the Infrastructure of the United States: Report (to accompany S. 775) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). U.S. G.P.O., 2007.

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19

Hebraic Tongue Restored: And the True Meaning of the Hebrew Words Re-Established and Proved by Their Radical Analysis. Kessinger Publishing, 1997.

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20

D'Olivet, Fabre. The Hebraic Tongue Restored: And the True Meaning of the Hebrew Words Re-Established and Proved by Their Radical Analysis. Weiser Books, 1991.

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21

Fonneland, Trude. Late Modern Shamanism in a Norwegian Context. Edited by James R. Lewis and Inga Tøllefsen. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190466176.013.32.

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Neoshamanism was established in the US in the late 1960s and came gradually to constitute a key part of the worldwide New Age market. In contemporary society, the words shaman and shamanism have become part of everyday language and thousands of popular as well as academic texts have been written about the subject. This article discusses the emergence and development of contemporary shamanism in Norway. It focuses on how political and cultural differences affect religious ecologies, highlighting that what was established in the United States is only one part of the whole picture. The article ventures between the worlds of the local and the global, and analyzes the religious innovations that occur when a global culture of neoshamanism interacts with a specific local culture.

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22

Poplack, Shana. Borrowing in the speech community. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190256388.003.0004.

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This chapter reports on the first large-scale community-based study of borrowing as it transpires in the course of regular bilingual interactions. It represents an initial attempt to furnish an empirical basis for going beyond attested loanwords to characterize the borrowing process. Departing from distinctions among lone other-language items of varying frequencies, detailed structural analyses ascertain whether English-origin nonce words incorporated into French display different structural properties from established loanwords. Among the diagnostics examined are gender assignment, plural inflection, verb morphology, word order, and phonetic realization. All lone items, whether nonce or established, display virtually identical linguistic behavior to attested loanwords. Integration is achieved almost immediately at the morphosyntactic level, while phonological integration is variable. This work inaugurated the comparative sociolinguistic method, illustrated throughout this volume, which will be seen to be crucial in the analysis of bilingual behavior, and led to the first corpus-based definition of nonce borrowing.

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23

Rivett, Sarah. Franco-Catholic Communication and Indian Alliance in the Seven Years War. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190492564.003.0007.

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The last imperial war in colonial North America (1754–1763) intensified the French and British battle for American Indian souls. Mid-eighteenth-century French Jesuits established an approach to missionary linguistics that was the opposite of the English. In François Picquet’s Mohawk mission and Pierre Maillard’s Mi’kmaq mission, linguistic knowledge became a medium of authority and military control. Knowledge of indigenous words and symbols secured native allegiance to France and established an indigenous Catholicism as a lasting mark of France’s imperial presence in the New World.

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24

Azzouni, Jody. Ontological Neutrality in Natural Languages. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190622558.003.0003.

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The ontological neutrality of quantifiers in natural language, as well as phrases such as “there is” and “exist,” is established. That is, our ordinary usage of words such as “exist,” “there is,” “real,” and so on allows us to describe and refer to items that we take to exist and ones we don’t simultaneously in sentences. Usage evidence is the tool employed to establish these claims. This shows that ontological debate is misdescribed in the Quinean tradition, and by all philosophers up until today. That tradition takes non-philosophers to be less concerned with ontology than in fact is the case while at the same time accusing those speakers of committing themselves ontologically far more than such speakers in fact do.

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25

Rivett, Sarah. Unruly Empiricisms and Linguistic Sovereignty in Thomas Jefferson’s Indian Vocabulary Project. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190492564.003.0008.

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From 1790 to 1810, Thomas Jefferson inaugurated a massive effort to collect and preserve native languages. Compiling as many languages as he could, Jefferson worked to solve the question of Indian origins. More interesting for its failures than for what it achieved, the Indian Vocabulary archive displays telling instances of cross-cultural mistranslation as indigenous words spill beyond Jefferson’s rules of orthography and beyond the word list itself. The archive, in this way, defies Jefferson’s goal of recording the ancient and pure sounds of “primitive” America. This chapter argues that the archive reveals forms of linguistic sovereignty established as the indigenous speakers interviewed for the project refused to have their languages condemned to the atavistic detritus of American antiquity.

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26

Glanville, Peter John. Words, roots, and patterns. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198792734.003.0002.

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Chapter 2 establishes the semantic makeup of word meaning in general, dividing it into semantic structure and conceptual content. It familiarizes the reader with roots and patterns in Arabic morphology, investigating the semantic abstractions discernable in sets of words that share a root, in addition to the semantic structure shared by words formed in the same pattern. The chapter introduces the notion of shape-invariant morphology, arriving at an approach to Arabic morphology in which some derivation is rule-based, with operations being carried out directly on base words, whereas another type of derivation involves root extraction from a source word. Word patterns are created when a morphological operation is carried out on a base word with some regularity. Once the pattern exists, a variety of base words can be mapped to it by root extraction, creating a uniform output regardless of the shape of the input word.

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27

Gregory, Jeremy. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199644636.003.0001.

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This introductory chapter discusses the two ‘E-word’ coordinates of the volume—‘Establishment’ and ‘Empire’—which were arguably the most significant factors affecting the Anglican Church between 1662 and 1829 and asks what the consequences were for the Church of its establishment status and how it was affected by being the established Church of an emerging global power. The chapter surveys the historiography and argues that the Church was far more vital to the period than is often maintained. The chapter also explores the relationship between Anglicanism and two other ‘E-words’—‘Enlightenment’ and ‘Evangelicalism’—which have often been seen as critical reactions against the Church. While the themes of ‘Establishment’, ‘Empire’, ‘Enlightenment’, and ‘Evangelicalism’ had separate, and sometimes competing, trajectories, as this volume indicates, Anglicanism during the long eighteenth century could also hold them together in distinctive ways.

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28

Gibbons, William. Playing with Music History. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190265250.003.0003.

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This chapter traces how classical music works can create a sense of time and place in video games. Beginning with a case study of how music establishes the eighteenth-century setting of Assassin’s Creed III, it then explores both how games build on frameworks of musical signification established in early cinema. It identifies games, such as Punch-Out!!, which use classical works to indicate a specific nation, as well as those that do the same for chronological setting, such as Versailles 1685. The chapter culminates in a study of games in which the music is misleading, suggesting the “wrong” time or place.

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29

Allen, Nicholas, Nick Groom, and Jos Smith, eds. Coastal Works. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198795155.001.0001.

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In all the complex cultural history of the islands of Britain and Ireland, the idea of the coast as a significant representative space is critical. For many artists, coastal space has figured as a site from which to braid ideas of empire, nation, region, and archipelago. They have been drawn to the coast as a zone of geographical uncertainty in which the self-definitions of the nation founder; a peripheral space of vestigial wildness, of island retreats and experimental living; a network of diverse localities richly endowed with distinctive forms of cultural heritage; and a dynamically interconnected ecosystem, which is also the historic site of significant developments in fieldwork and natural science. This collection situates these cultures of the Atlantic edge in a series of essays that create new contexts for coastal study in literary history and criticism. The contributors frame their research in response to emerging conversations in archipelagic criticism, the blue humanities, and Island Studies, challenging the reader to reconsider ideas of margin, periphery, and exchange. These twelve case studies establish the coast as a crucial location in the imaginative history of Britain, Ireland, and the north Atlantic edge. Coastal Works will appeal to readers of literature and history with an interest in the sea, the environment, and the archipelago from the eighteenth century to the present. Accessible, innovative, and provocative, Coastal Works establishes the important role the coast plays in our cultural imaginary and suggests a range of methodologies to represent relationships between land, sea, and cultural work.

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30

Garratt, Peter. Victorian Literary Aesthetics and Mental Pathology. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474400046.003.0024.

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In WHAT GOOD ARE THE ARTS? (2005), a polemic aimed at shredding many longstanding conceptions of art and aesthetic judgement, the literary critic John Carey briefly discusses a bibliotherapy project established over a decade earlier in West Yorkshire by John Duffy. This was a project in which patients with depression, stress and anxiety disorders were given the opportunity to participate in reading groups, book advice surgeries and other literacy activities, having been referred to the service by mental health practitioners – an alternative to the anti-depressant medication commonly prescribed to such patients by GPs. The service users in question were ‘helped by art’, in Carey’s words, not treated by pharmacological means. The initiative demonstrated the potential therapeutic benefits of reading books, while seeming to dismantle the languid association of art with uselessness or transcendence, as distilled in W. H. Auden’s phrase, ‘poetry makes nothing happen.’ For Carey, bibliotherapy programmes like this one could not help also rubbing up against established notions of literary value, in turn reviving old questions over the nature and ends of art generally.

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31

Gumbrell‐McCormick, Rebecca, and Richard Hyman. Works Councils:. Edited by Adrian Wilkinson, Paul J. Gollan, Mick Marchington, and David Lewin. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199207268.003.0012.

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This article focuses on works councils, adopting the definition of Rogers and Streeck. It is concerned with countries with generalized systems of representation – where participation structures exist largely independently of management wishes – and not with those where representative bodies may be established voluntarily through localized management initiatives. The article also limits attention to bodies with the capacity to discuss a broad agenda of employment- and work-related issues; this means, for example, that the statutory health and safety committees, which exist in many countries without works councils, are ignored. On this definition, works councils are almost exclusively a phenomenon of continental Western Europe, and the article discusses why this is the case. Its focus is specifically on national institutions; it does not examine the one instance of mandatory supranational structures: European Works Councils. Nor does the article consider board-level employee representation.

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32

Brogaard, Berit. The Semantics of ‘Appear’ Words. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190495251.003.0002.

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In this initial chapter, the author establishes her framework for discussion of perceptual verbs like ‘look’, ‘see’, ‘seem’. Perceptual reports are particular speech acts made by utterances of sentences that contain a perceptual verb. More specifically, they are assertions made by utterances of these sentences. Perceptual reports assert how objects in the world and their perceptible property instances are perceived by subjects. A subset of these reports purport to assert how objects in the world and their visually perceptible property instances are visually perceived by subjects. This chapter is primarily concerned with the semantics of ‘seem’ and ‘look’, which—it is argued—subject-raising verbs. Subject-raising verbs function as intensional operators at the level of logical form, just like ‘it is possible’, ‘it was the case’, and ‘it might be the case’. The author’s main argument for the representational view rests on this fact about ‘seem’ and ‘look’.

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33

Stefan, Vogenauer. Ch.4 Interpretation, Art.4.3. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198702627.003.0078.

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This commentary focuses on Article 4.3 of the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC) concerning relevant circumstances, factors, aspects, or criteria that are to be used in establishing the intention of the parties or the understanding of reasonable persons. Relevant circumstances that are important in contractual interpretation include words used by the parties, internal context of the contract, preliminary negotiations between the parties, practices established between the parties, subsequent conduct of the parties, nature and purpose of the contract, meaning commonly given to terms and conditions in the trade concerned, usages, and policy arguments. This commentary also discusses the weight of the relevant circumstances and the burden of proof of the party that wishes to rely on a relevant circumstance in support of a particular interpretation.

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34

Spectacular wineries of California's central coast: A captivating tour of established, estate & boutique wineries. Panache Partners, 2010.

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35

Brownstein, Michael. Reflection, Responsibility, and Fractured Selves. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190633721.003.0005.

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The preceding chapter established that paradigmatic spontaneous actions can be “ours” in the sense that they reflect upon us as agents. But a number of questions remain about the relationship between the implicit mind and the self. First, what exactly is the relationship between cares and action, such that actions can “reflect upon” cares? Second, when an action reflects upon what one cares about, is one thereby responsible for that action? In other words, are we responsible for the spontaneous actions in which our implicit attitudes are implicated? Third, do implicit attitudes reflect who we are, really truly deep down? This chapter attempts to answer these questions and to answer concerns about the roles of intentions to act, self-awareness, and rational judgments in assessing attributability for implicit attitudes.

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36

Poplack, Shana. The role of phonetics in borrowing and integration. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190256388.003.0010.

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This chapter revisits the question of whether speakers marshal phonetic integration as a strategy to distinguish code-switching, nonce borrowing, and established loanwords. Systematic comparison of the behavior of individuals, diagnostics, and language-mixing types reveals variability at every level of the phonetic adaptation process, providing strong confirmation that individuals do not phonetically integrate other-language words, whether nonce or dictionary-attested, into the recipient language in a systematic way. Nor do they share a phonetic strategy for handling any of their language-mixing types. This is in striking contrast to the morphosyntactic treatment they afford this same material when borrowing it: immediate, quasi-categorical, and consistent adaptation community-wide. This confirms that phonetic and morphosyntactic integration are independent. Only the latter is a reliable metric for distinguishing language-mixing types.

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37

Maxwell, Catherine. Vernon Lee’s Handling of Words. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198737827.003.0018.

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Early schooled in writing by a pedagogy rooted in dialogic exchange, Vernon Lee (1856–1935) made the interactive relationship between writer and reader central to her critical prose. Her early essays showcase her already distinctive prose voice—markedly different from a professional academic masculine voice. Quick to establish a rapport, Lee is a sympathetic guide, skilfully steering her readers through arguments and expositions, but also stimulating and involving them through impressionistic description, association, and intricate dynamic passages full of open-ended verb forms. Published in the 1890s and early 1900s, many of the essays in her innovative book The Handling of Words and Other Studies in Literary Psychology (1923) show her fascination with the idea of style as a form of contact and transaction between writer and reader, with style creating the perceptual patterns that persuade readers to think and imagine in ways not naturally their own.

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38

Stein, Gabriele. Early polyglot word lists: Investigating their relationship. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807377.003.0004.

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The pan-European character of Renaissance dictionaries is well represented by the very successful polyglot word lists. Their origins are the small bilingual works by Adam von Rottweil and Noel de Berlaimont, which were expanded by more and more vernaculars, listing up to eight languages. The handy pocket-size works were arranged according to topics, the headword language was Latin, and the vernacular translation equivalents, usually one-word lexical items, were presented in vertical columns. The number of languages included and their order greatly varied to meet the needs of the countries in which the works were printed. Copies of an undated six-language edition (including English) printed by the Augsburg printer Philipp Ulhart have been preserved. As a date of publication, 1530 has been suggested. The chapter investigates the intricate relationship between the various editions on the basis of a number of criteria to establish a more plausible publication date.

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39

Peterson, Anna L. Works Righteousness. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197532232.001.0001.

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Works Righteousness is the first full-length study of the place of practice in ethical theory. It is a critique of the idealism of dominant approaches, an analysis of alternative models in which practice plays a more significant role, and an argument for taking practice seriously both in broad questions about ethical theory and in concrete case studies. The book’s main argument is that what people actually do should be central to ethical theory. Rather than assuming that pre-established moral ideas guide action, ethicists should acknowledge and explore the ways that practices generate values and the mutual shaping between ideas and actions. This argument challenges dominant philosophical and religious theories that assume that ideas are what really matter. Works Righteousness analyses the place of practice in these traditions, showing the links between their emphasis on internal states and simple, linear relationships between ideas, actions, and results. These themes are challenged by alternative models such as pragmatism, Marxism, and religious pacifism, which give practice a larger role and in the process highlight important themes such as the way social structures condition moral ideas and actions, the dangers of thinking about moral problems as polarized dilemmas, and the complex mutual shaping of ideas and actions. A practice-focused approach sheds new light on concrete case studies, underlining the value of attention to people’s concrete experiences and relationships in efforts to analyse and address contemporary problems such as hate speech, euthanasia, and climate change.

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40

Swanson, Diane L. Top Managers as Drivers for Corporate Social Responsibility. Edited by Andrew Crane, Dirk Matten, Abagail McWilliams, Jeremy Moon, and Donald S. Siegel. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199211593.003.0010.

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This article addresses top managers as drivers for corporate social responsibility (CSR). It summarizes the responsibility roles implied by or assigned to managers in selected models of corporate social performance. Given this backdrop for business and society research, it focuses on the importance of moral leadership in directing the formal and informal organization toward socially responsible goals. In other words, the emphasis is on the focal role of top executive managers in driving social responsibility. This focus is not meant to convey that middle or lower managers are irrelevant to CSR. It is simply that their decision-making discretion is largely circumscribed by top managers, which is why middle and lower managers often face uncomfortable moral dilemmas when their values are incompatible with those established at a higher level of command. Finally, this article points to some contextual factors that impact socially responsible leadership in terms of external and internal controls.

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41

Vitorino, César Costa. Em busca de explicações sobre Vocábulos Africanos: Uma investigação em alguns dicionários e/ou glossários brasileiros (1889-2006). Brazil Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-035-9.

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The book “In search of explanations about African words: an investigation in some Brazilian dictionaries and / or glossaries (1889-2006)” raises controversial and relevant questions about the usefulness of Africanism for Brazil and the delimitation between Afro-Brazilian and africanists studies. The work is one of the results of the work that the author has been developing throughout his long and rich academic life. The author shows enthusiasm for the study of Brazilian Africanism, especially in what concerns on the relationships that are established between words and culture.It shows the participation of African languages in the constitution of the Brazilian Portuguese lexicon, since it considers that studies in this area have been taking place very slowly. Therefore, this work intends to promote the production of future researches that discuss about the social place of African words in Brazilian Portuguese. It makes a point of which we should have no doubt in affirming - unequivocally and systematically - that one can speak of Brazilian Africanism. It takes as a starting point the analysis of dictionaries and glossaries (1889-2006), while taking a retrospective look.It reflects, with such observation, about what is classified as Africanism in the Brazilian Portuguese lexicon. It suggests the need to draw a line between Afro-Brazilian and Africanists studies. Finally, it is expected that such a work can bring new look and perspectives. It is even verified that, in his text, there is a lot of work for everyone. That´s why this work in this book is considered by the author as a singular value.

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42

Sultany, Nimer. Revolution. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198768890.003.0005.

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This chapter argues that revolution is not separate from the very discourse and arrangements it responds to. Rather, it is subsumed in a legitimation discourse, and it is engulfed by similar tensions. Although revolution may erupt because of a perceived legitimacy deficit, it does not solve the conceptual deficiency of legitimacy. This is because revolution vacillates between an event that inaugurated it and a process that seeks to complete it. This duality makes revolution a contradictory concept that includes its own negation because different protagonists deploy it in contradictory ways. The very qualities that enable the designation of the Arab Spring as a revolution enable the counter-revolution. In other words, revolution does not provide a stable, unambiguous framework within which the new political order can be established. Consequently, the revolution’s attempt to delegitimate the status quo and legitimate the new order re-enacts the incoherence and instability of other legitimation devices.

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43

Lichterman, Paul. How Civic Action Works. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691177519.001.0001.

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This book renews the tradition of inquiry into collective, social problem-solving. The book follows grassroots activists, nonprofit organization staff, and community service volunteers in three coalitions and twelve organizations in Los Angeles as they campaign for affordable housing, develop new housing, or address homelessness. The book shows that to understand how social advocates build their campaigns, craft claims, and choose goals, we need to move beyond well-established thinking about what is strategic. The book presents a pragmatist-inspired sociological framework that illuminates core tasks of social problem-solving by grassroots and professional advocates alike. It reveals that advocates' distinct styles of collective action produce different understandings of what is strategic, and generate different dilemmas for advocates because each style accommodates varying social and institutional pressures. We see, too, how patterns of interaction create a cultural filter that welcomes some claims about housing problems while subordinating or delegitimating others. These cultural patterns help solve conceptual and practical puzzles, such as why coalitions fragment when members agree on many things, and what makes advocacy campaigns separate housing from homelessness or affordability from environmental sustainability. The book concludes by turning this action-centered framework toward improving dialogue between social advocates and researchers.

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44

Crafts, Nicholas, and Gianni Toniolo. ‘Les Trente Glorieuses’: From the Marshall Plan to the Oil Crisis. Edited by Dan Stone. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199560981.013.0018.

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The French economist Jean Fourastié called them ‘les trente glorieuses’. The Germans and the Italians coined the words Wirtschaft swunder and miracolo economico, respectively. No matter how the thirty-odd years after the end of World War II were characterised by Europe's various cultures, they stand out as the period of the fastest economic growth in the continent's history. In retrospect, the years between the late 1940s and the early 1970s have been seen as a Golden Age, when the foundations of future prosperity were established on firm ground. This article analyses the most relevant features of Europe's extraordinary growth during the ‘glorious thirty’, and tries to explain why, after all, there was nothing ‘miraculous’ about them. In doing so, it takes a broad perspective of Europe as a single region within the world economy, although divided into two areas by an ‘Iron Curtain’. The article also looks at postwar reconstruction, trade and the process of European integration, the international monetary system in Western Europe, and the end and the long-term impact of the Golden Age.

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45

Scott, Walter. Marmion. Edited by Ainsley McIntosh. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474425193.001.0001.

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Marmion (1808) is the second of Walter Scott’s grand historical narrative poems. Its sixteenth-century romance tale is framed within six conversation poems, each addressed to one of Scott’s friends, and supplemented by substantial ethnographical and antiquarian notes. Scott here features as a topical poet, commemorating both national events and occasions, as well as the work of his contemporaries. His relations with aristocratic patrons, artists, and statesmen are also amply reflected in the dedicatory epistles. It was with the overwhelming success of Marmion (four editions and over 11,000 copies were produced in 1808 alone) that Scott’s poetic reputation was indisputably established, his entry in the world of commercial publishing confirmed, and his commitment to a literary life fully determined. This is the first scholarly edition of Marmion. Based on new archival research it provides critically edited text that incorporates lines omitted from previous editions of the poem and extensive annotations. The critical apparatus in this volume includes a detailed essay on the development of the text, a Historical Note, Explanatory Notes and a full glossary of Scots, foreign and archaic words.

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Perkins, Harrison. Catholicity and the Covenant of Works. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197514184.001.0001.

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This book analyzes James Ussher’s doctrine of the covenant of works and argues that he composed his view by interacting with the broad Christian tradition, used it to integrate his theology, and formulated it in such a way as to support several other doctrines that are crucial within the Reformed tradition. This work highlights the ecumenical premises that undergirded the Reformed doctrine of the covenant of works, and explores how James Ussher played a major role in codifying that doctrine. It also sheds new light on how to describe the puritan movement, specifically by using the differing perspectives of the Irish and English established churches. The first half of the book considers Ussher and how he explained and developed this doctrine of a covenant between God and Adam that was based on the law, and the second half of the book examines how Ussher related the covenant of works to the doctrines of predestination, Christology, and salvation.

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Shaviro, Steven. Whitehead on Causality and Perception. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474429566.003.0002.

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Whitehead’s notion of ‘causal efficacy’ provides a bridge from epistemology to ontology, or to what Whitehead calls cosmology. It inverts the priority of epistemology over causality as established by Hume and Kant, for even to raise the question of how we know is already to have accepted the operations of causality within the mind, in the form of the “conformation of present fact to immediate past.” Hume’s doubt as to whether and how we can perceive causal processes at all is therefore misplaced; for this doubt rests upon the illicit presupposition of a mind separated from what it perceives, or of presentational immediacy detached from the matrix of causal efficacy within which it arises. This chapter traces Whitehead’s argument about symbolism and causal efficacy, and show its relevance to contemporary philosophical debates (in both analytic and continental circles) about grounds, cognition, and causality. It further suggests that Whitehead’s insistence that perception is a species of causality also implies the priority of sentience over vitality. In other words, perception and feeling are among the necessary conditions of possibility for life, rather than (as is usually assumed in contemporary doctrines of emergence and of neo-vitalism) the reverse.

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Hutchinson, G. O. Plutarch's Rhythmic Prose. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198821717.001.0001.

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Greek literature is divided, like many literatures, into poetry and prose; but in the earlier Roman Empire, 31 BC to AD 300, much Greek (and Latin) prose was written in one organized rhythmic system. Whether most, or hardly any, Greek prose adopted this patterning has been entirely unclear; this book for the first time adequately establishes an answer. It then seeks to get deeper into the nature of prose-rhythm through one of the greatest Imperial works, Plutarch’s Lives. All its phrases, almost 100,000, have been scanned rhythmically. Prose-rhythm is revealed as a means of expression, which draws attention to words and word-groups. (Online readings are offered too.) Some passages in the Lives pack rhythms together more closely than others; the book looks especially at rhythmically dense passages. These do not occur randomly; they attract attention to themselves, and are marked out as climactic in the narrative, or as in other ways of highlighted significance. Comparison emerges as crucial to the Lives on many levels. Much of the book closely discusses particular dense moments, in commentary form, to show how much rhythm contributes to understanding, and is to be integrated with other sorts of criticism. These remarkable passages make apparent the greatness of Plutarch as a prose-writer: a side not greatly considered amid the huge resurgence of work on him. The book also analyses closely rhythmic and unrhythmic passages from three Greek novelists. Rhythm illuminates both a supreme Greek writer, Plutarch, and three prolific centuries of Greek literary history.

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Richard, Calnan. Part III Understanding Words, 7 Principle 7: Unnatural Meanings. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198792307.003.0008.

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This chapter discusses the circumstances in which the courts do not give words their natural meaning. Very occasionally, it is clear that the parties cannot objectively have intended words they have used to have their ordinary meaning. If so, they are given the meaning which the parties must objectively have intended. The more unreasonable the result, the more unlikely it is that the parties can have intended it. This is a very controversial principle and different judges take a more—or less—expansive view of it. The chapter discusses the different views, and why they are held. It analyses the recent cases to establish where the law is at the moment. It looks at particular types of case where the courts have been more willing to twist the meaning of words. These include exclusion and limitation clauses, clauses limiting liability for negligence, and termination for minor breach. It discusses recent cases in which the courts have twisted the meaning of words in contracts, and also those where the courts have declined to do so.

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Farfan, Penny. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190679699.003.0001.

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This introduction sets forth the book’s central argument and establishes the historical, theoretical, and critical context for its case studies. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, modern sexual identities emerged into view while at the same time being rendered invisible, as in Oscar Wilde’s 1895 trial on charges of gross indecency and the 1928 obscenity trial of Radclyffe Hall’s The Well of Loneliness. Early stage representations of homosexuality were typically coded or censored, yet the majority of the works considered in this book were highly visible in their subversions of conventional gender and sexual norms. Queer readings of these plays and performances establish connections across high and popular cultural domains, demonstrating that some of traditional modernism’s perceived failures, rejects, and outliers were modernist through their sexual dissidence. These insights in turn contribute to a more precise understanding of how modernity was mediated and how such mediations enacted change.

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Books on the topic 'Established words'

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