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Books on the topic 'Establishment of innovation'
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1
Accountability, Florida Office of Program Policy Analysis and Government. OPPAGA special examination: Administrative establishment of child support is efficient for uncontested cases; compliance is better for orders established judicially. Florida Office of Program Policy Analysis and Government Accountability, 2003.
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Statistics Canada. Analytical Studies Branch., ed. Differences in innovator and non-innovator profiles: Small establishments in business services. Statistics Canada, Analytical Studies Branch, 1999.
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Branch, Canada Statistics Canada Analytical Studies. Differences in innovator and non-innovator profiles: Small establishments in business services. Statistics Canada, 1999.
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McLoughlin, Ian. Innovation and change in Roseland: A survey of high tech establishments. Kingston Business School, 1990.
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Branch, Canada Statistics Canada Analytical Studies. Innovative activity in Canadian food processing establishments: The importance of engineering practices. Statistics Canada, 1999.
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1952-, Sabourin David, and Statistics Canada. Analytical Studies Branch., eds. Innovative activity in Canadian food processing establishments: The importance of engineering practices. Analytical Studies Branch, Statistics Canada, 1999.
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Reenen, John Van. Getting a fair share of the plunder?: Technology, skill and wages in British establishments. Centre for Economic Policy Research, 1994.
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Zheng fu rou xing zhi fa de zhi du gui fan jian gou: Dang dai she hui guan li chuang xin shi ye xia de fei qiang zhi xing zheng yan jiu = The Legal System Establishment of Governmental Soft Enforcement of Law : Research on Non-compulsory Administration under the Circumstance of Contemporary Social Management Innovation. Fa lü chu ban she, 2012.
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GOVERNMENT, US. An Act to Amend the Public Health Service Act to Provide for the Conduct of Expanded Studies and the Establishment of Innovative Programs with Respect to Traumatic Brain Injury, and for Other Purposes. U.S. G.P.O., 1996.
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United States. Congress. House. An act to amend the Public Health Service Act to provide for the conduct of expanded studies and the establishment of innovative programs with respect to traumatic brain injury, and for other purposes. [United States Government Printing Office], 1994.
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Great Britain. Department of Trade and Industry. Science and Technology Report 1985-86: A report on the promotion and support of innovation in science and technology by the Department of Trade and Industry, together with a review of the activities of the Department's Research Establishments. Department of Trade and Industry, 1987.
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12
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Labor and Human Resources. Traumatic Brain Injury Act of 1992--S. 2949: Hearing before the Committee on Labor and Human Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred Second Congress, second session, on S. 2949, to amend the Public Health Service Act to provide for the conduct of expanded research and the establishment of innovative programs and policies with respect to traumatic brain injury, and for other purposes, September 23, 1992. U.S. G.P.O., 1992.
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McGahan, Anita, and Janice Gross Stein. Innovation Highways and the Geography of Inclusive Growth. Edited by Gordon L. Clark, Maryann P. Feldman, Meric S. Gertler, and Dariusz Wójcik. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198755609.013.20.
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Important advances regarding the geography of innovation focus on the competitiveness of cities, nations, and regions through the establishment of innovation clusters and national systems of innovation. In this chapter, this logic is linked with emerging scholarship on innovation for inclusive growth, which focuses on entrepreneurialism in resource-limited settings. By connecting the two streams, the chapter conceptualizes relationships between communities as ‘innovation highways’. It is argued that economic and public policy seeking to advance both prosperity and inclusiveness would benefit from deeper and more extensive consideration of collaboration between communities. The chapter argues that future research on the geography of innovation will take innovation highways between communities as central to prosperity, and consider the governance of these highways as a central mechanism of inclusiveness.
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1946-, Williams Andrew M., and United States. Office of Child Support Enforcement. Division of Policy and Planning, eds. Paternity establishment: State innovations. Division of Policy and Planning, Office of Child Support Enforcement, Administration for Children and Families, U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, 1992.
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15
Shaoqiang, Wang. Night Time: Innovative Design for Clubs and Bars. Prestel Verlag GmbH & Co KG., 2013.
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G, Sparkman T., and United States. National Telecommunications and Information Administration, eds. Testing automatic link establishment high frequency radios using compact disc technology. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Telecommunications and Information Administration, 1996.
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17
Harl, Kenneth W. Coinage and the Roman Economy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195386844.003.0017.
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This chapter presents Roman coinage as a distinctive type of communication that developed in the centuries preceding the empire’s fall in the West and the loss of Egypt and Syria to the Moslem caliphs in the East. During this period, the Romans minted standardized images in the hundreds of thousands, even millions, a massive output that transformed marketplaces, and with them the economy of the empire. Linked to coinage in this period was unprecedented government regulation of the economy. Harl concentrates on by far the most important innovation, the establishment of a fiduciary coinage in the third and fourth centuries. While this step has typically been taken to signify economic decline or incapacity, Harl argues that fiduciary coinage represented a new, abstract level of communication.
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Schneider, Volker. Hugh Heclo, “Issue Networks and the Executive Establishment”. Edited by Martin Lodge, Edward C. Page, and Steven J. Balla. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199646135.013.28.
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This chapter comments on Hugh Heclo’s 1978 paper “Issue Networks and the Executive Establishment,” an innovative analysis of modern politics based on four analytical perspectives of public policy: an actor-centered or agent-based dynamic perspective, a relational perspective, a cultural or cognitive perspective, and a long-term perspective. Widely regarded as a classic in policy analysis and public administration, Heclo’s paper uses the concept of “issue networks” to describe the highly intricate and diversified webs of influence that shape modern American policy-making. This chapter discusses Heclo’s concept of issue networks within the context of the American situation in government and public administration, as well as its impact on fields such as political science.
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Epstein, Ben. The Only Constant is Change. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190698980.001.0001.
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The Only Constant Is Change presents and tests the political communication cycle (PCC), a model describing how political actors and organizations make decisions about if, how, and when to innovate their political communication practices. Generally speaking, political communication goals have remained largely stable over time, but the strategies used to accomplish these goals have changed a great deal. The PCC describes the recurring process of political communication innovation through American political history. This model incorporates the technological, political, and behavioral factors influencing how and when changes in political communication activity take place. The PCC is made up of three phases that also serve as an organizational structure for the book. First is the technological imperative, which focuses on how new information and communications technologies (ICT) are developed and what types of ICTs may be more or less likely to be used to innovate political communication. Next, the political choice phase incorporates the behavioral processes embedded in how different types of actors choose whether to innovate or not. This phase is the most critical and is analyzed through case studies evaluating how campaigns, social movements, and interest groups have or have not changed their political communication activities over time. Finally, the stabilization phase encompasses the process of how once innovative techniques become the new status quo though the establishment of new norms, regulations, and institutions. The book explores these changes through historical and contemporary analysis, which offers important context and tools to understand political communication through history and today.
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Epstein, Ben. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190698980.003.0001.
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This introduction serves several important goals. It lays out both the research objective and theoretical framework placing this study on an interdisciplinary foundation that combines work from political science, American political development, mass communication, history, and diffusion studies. It introduces the core concepts of the book, concentrated around a recurring multistage process called the political communication cycle (PCC). The three stages of the PCC, detailed in the following chapters, include the information and communications technology (ICT)–focused technological imperative phase; the political choice phase, which emphasizes the behavioral process central to innovation; and stabilization through the establishment of new norms, regulations, and institutions. This process has repeated throughout history, where long periods of relative stability, known as political communication orders (PCOs), are disrupted by shorter periods of permanent change, identified as political communication revolutions (PCRs). The introduction concludes by introducing the three claims that are used throughout the book and outlining the chapters that follow.
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Thompson, Julian. The Operational Legacy of the Falklands War. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190851163.003.0011.
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This chapter explores the operational legacy of the Falklands War through the lens of organizational and operational innovations. It takes Freedman’s official history of the conflict, and its assessment of the legacy of the conflict, as the point of departure. Based on the premise that the conflict was the first British naval operation in decades, it identifies a range of innovations – the establishment of a war cabinet, the appointment of an overall in-theatre commander, the requirement for an amphibious capability amongst them – that can be linked to the success of the Falklands campaign. But, the legacy of the Falklands has been lost. However, very little of the operational legacy of the Falklands War remains.
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Howard M, Holtzmann, and Kristjánsdóttir Edda, eds. International Mass Claims Processes. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199207442.001.0001.
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This book analyzes a significant procedural innovation in international law — the development of mass claims processes. Mass claims processes have become increasingly important phenomena in international dispute resolution. This is the first book to provide comprehensive information for a systematic comparison and analysis of the legal issues and practical matters involved in their establishment and operation. This book considers eleven of the highest profile modern mass claims tribunals and commissions created to redress large-scale losses. These include processes resolving claims arising from the Iranian Revolution, Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait, the Holocaust, and conflicts in the Former Yugoslavia and between Eritrea and Ethiopia. The book identifies and focuses on forty-seven basic issues that experience shows typically arise with respect to international mass claims processes, offering descriptions and commentary on the ways in which the various processes have approached each issue. Much of the information gathered in this book is not publicly available elsewhere and is based on the knowledge and experience of the 25 members of the Permanent Court of Arbitration’s Steering Committee on mass claims processes, experts who have either served on the processes or otherwise been directly engaged in their activities.
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Natalie, Lichtenstein. 8 Transitions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198821960.003.0008.
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Chapter 8, Transitions, provides an inside look at how AIIB’s governing bodies were created in the transition from negotiations to establishment and operation. First, the context and considerations for the transitional arrangements are explained, for the Prospective Founding Members and for AIIB as an international organization. The legal requirements for AIIB’s actual establishment are summarized and the development of basic documents and policies is noted. Particular attention is given to the transitional arrangements for AIIB’s governing bodies (President-designate and the Boards), and the Inaugural Meetings of the Board of Governors and Board of Directors. Innovative options were developed for leadership selection, inaugural Board of Directors and prospective member representation. Tables show attendance at meetings of the Board of Governors, and how the make-up of the Board of Directors has changed.
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K, Garas F., Armer G. S. T, Clarke J. L, Institution of Structural Engineers (Great Britain), and Building Research Establishment, eds. Building the future: Innovation in design, materials, and construction : proceedings of the international seminar held by the Institution of Structural Engineers and the Building Research Establishment, and organized by the Institution of Structural Engineers Informal Study Group 'Model Analysis as a Design Tool', in collaboration with the British Cement Association and Taywood Engineering : Brighton, UK, April 19-21, 1993. E & FN Spon, 1994.
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Macpherson, Ben. Joan Littlewood. Edited by Robert Gordon and Olaf Jubin. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199988747.013.19.
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This chapter reassesses the work of Joan Littlewood and Theatre Workshop from the 1950s to the 1970s. It finds that, in many instances, Littlewood’s visionary approach to collaborative devising and her innovative borrowing from a breadth of theatrical traditions broadened the scope of the British musical as a vehicle for social engagement, with a legacy that is both tangible and vital as part of the history of twentieth-century musical theatre. Yet, the chapter argues that in many ways, at the root of Littlewood’s approach was an often contradictory world view: at once critical of the Establishment and simultaneously embedded within it. The chapter concludes by arguing that this paradoxical approach is what makes Littlewood’s work so innovative and, ultimately, so typically British.
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Teitelman, Robert, and Neil Hellegers. Bloodsport: When Ruthless Dealmakers, Shrewd Ideologues, and Brawling Lawyers Toppled the Corporate Establishment. Tantor Audio, 2016.
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Bloodsport: When ruthless dealmakers, shrewd ideologues, and brawling lawyers toppled the corporate establishment. PublicAffairs, 2016.
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Directions for optimizing activities to ensure the quality and safety of medical care. Collection of materials. Remedium Privolzhje, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21145/978-5-906125-80-4_2020.
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Editorial Board: Poklad L.A. — Doctor of Economics and Management, Director of the State Autonomous Establishment of Supplementary Professional Education of the Nizhny Novgorod region «Center for Advanced Training and Professional Retraining of Health Professionals», chief freelance specialist on nursing management of the Volga Federal District. Vagina E.V. — Candidate of Medical Sciences, Deputy Director of the State Autonomous Establishment of Supplementary Professional Education of the Nizhny Novgorod region «Center for Advanced Training and Professional Retraining of Health Professionals». The collection of materials contains scientific and practical materials that reflect modern trends in the development of education and health care, ways of their effective interaction. The authors of the articles presented innovative approaches to nursing practice and professional education of medical workers, offered their views on the problem of increasing the professionalism and prestige of a nursing specialist, the implementation of continuous medical education for specialists with secondary medical and pharmaceutical education. The articles are published in the original, author’s edition. The authors declare that there is no potential conflict of interest and that it is necessary to disclose it in the material.
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Kuijt, Ian. Clay Ideas. Edited by Timothy Insoll. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675616.013.028.
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Beginning around 11,500 years ago, the Neolithic of the Near East encompassed some of the most profound and fundamental innovations in our species’ history. This included the establishment of the earliest sedentary villages, founded by food-producing communities who relied on wild and domesticated plants and animals for subsistence. Major changes were also seen in use of imagery, both anthropomorphic and zoomorphic, in concert with society’s struggle to control new structures of economy, social organization, and symbolism. This chapter explores how Near Eastern Neolithic figurine use changed through time, and considers how competing interpretive frameworks of phallocentrism and Goddess worship present alternative frameworks of understanding broader social meanings within these communities. Moreover, the frequency of objects, the design, and miniaturization of these objects provide insight into how Neolithic people deliberately created ambiguity and anonymity when they crafted anthropomorphic figurines.
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Yaari, Nurit. The Cameri. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198746676.003.0003.
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This chapter discusses the establishment and growth of two new theatres founded by actor-director Yosef Milo: the Cameri Theatre in Tel Aviv (1944) and Haifa Municipal Theatre in Haifa (1961). Milo was a representative of a young generation of theatre artists who arrived in Israel at an early age and were educated by the Eretz-Yisraeli education system. The encounter of these young artists with classical Greek tragedy is presented in the context of these new theatres. By examining three productions—Anouilh’s Antigone (1946), Euripides’ Electra (1964), and Sophocles’ Antigone (1965)—the chapter defines the theatrical questions and practical problems that arose as the classic masterpieces were transposed to a new culture, and describes Yosef Milo’s quest for an innovative artistic, theatrical identity.
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Wilson, Keeley. Attracting the Planets. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198777199.003.0005.
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In the late 1990s, after Nokia developed the first smartphone (the “Communicator”), executives became increasingly sensitive to the importance of operating systems, data communications, and multimedia. It was also becoming clear that more complex business models would be needed to tap in to new opportunities. This chapter describes and analyzes how Nokia managed this transformation. It describes the development of the Communicator smartphone, the establishment of the Symbian OS, and the creation of an innovative camera phone. As the nature of the industry was changing and becoming more complex, it also looks at how Nokia responded by engaging with a wider ecosystem to develop the visual radio concept. These examples highlight the challenges that the new world of software platforms and application ecosystems raised for Nokia.
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Arnold, Felix. The Epigones of Empire (1250–1500 CE). Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190624552.003.0005.
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This chapter describes Islamic architecture during the Late Medieval Period when the collapsing Almohad Empire and its epigone were threatened both by external pressures and by the rise of Sufism, an anti-establishment, mystical interpretation of Islam. Although the basis of the period’s architecture remained the Almohad prototype with its dominant central axis, the epoch’s mystic tendencies are reflected in two innovative developments: a return to the lightness of the Eleventh Century and a predilection for introverted spaces. These changes expanded the range of materials used in construction to include stone, wood, and even marble. In Granada and the Alhambra, one epigenous group, the Nasrids, developed its own lively style of architecture characterized by the mirador and the increased presence of inscriptions, two features that reflect the era’s interest in mysticism.
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Boutellis, Arthur J. The Democratic Republic of Congo. Edited by Alex J. Bellamy and Tim Dunne. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198753841.013.39.
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Authorized in the wake of the Srebrenica massacre and Rwandan genocide, the United Nations peacekeeping mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) was the first of two UN peacekeeping missions to receive an explicit protection of civilians (POC) mandate in 2000. This chapter discusses the challenges the UN mission faced in implementing this POC mandate over 15 years of existence. It analyses how lessons from early protection crises led the mission to develop a series of innovative tools for a better peacekeeping response, up to the establishment of the Force Intervention Brigade (FIB) in 2013. This chapter concludes with some lessons including the need for a shift from a largely UN-centric and troop-intensive approach to physical protection to a greater focus on strengthening national protection capacities as part of a broader political/stabilization strategy, which encourages and empowers the host government to shoulder its primary responsibility to protect its citizens.
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Keymer, Thomas, ed. The Oxford History of the Novel in English. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199580033.001.0001.
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This book is the first volume in a twelve-volume series presenting a history of English-language prose fiction. The titles in this series are concerned with novels as a whole, not just the ‘literary’ novel, and each volume includes chapters on the processes of production, distribution, and reception, and on popular fiction and the fictional sub-genres, as well as outlining the work of major novelists, movements, traditions, and tendencies. This book explores the long period between the origins of printing in late fifteenth-century England and the establishment of the novel as a recognized, reputable genre in the mid-eighteenth century. Later chapters in the volume provide original, authoritative accounts of innovations by the major canonical authors, notably Defoe, Richardson, and Fielding, who have traditionally been seen as pioneering ‘the rise of the novel’, in Ian Watt's famous phrase. With its extended chronological and geographical range, however, the volume also contextualizes these eighteenth-century developments in revelatory new ways, to provide a fresh, bold, and comprehensive account of the richness and variety of fictional traditions as they developed over two and a half centuries.
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Gautney, Heather. The Influence of Anarchism in Occupy Wall Street. University of Illinois Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252041051.003.0012.
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Occupy Wall Street (OWS) is a massive protest movement calling for radical social change and an end to unbridled corruption. OWS emerged in September 2011 in New York with highly confrontational demonstrations against the Wall Street banks, and a small encampment in the city’s financial district. Within weeks, hundreds of local camps emerged throughout the U.S., along with ongoing series of vehement, decentralized protest actions. Much to the chagrin of the American political establishment, OWS operates as an elusive and flexible, “leaderless” organization, without a centralized authority or party affiliation, and uses occupation as a primary form of protest. This paper looks at the ways in which the movements’ leaderless organization and egalitarian social vision were/are deeply influenced by anarchist principles like anti-authoritarianism (anti-statism), anti-capitalism, direct action, and prefiguration. It then discusses attempts by Occupy camps, such as those in New York, Philadelphia, and Oakland, to repossess spaces, rights, and other forms of social wealth within different urban contexts. It analyzes how the Occupy camps, as well as innovations like the General Assemblies, spokescouncils, and social media formations, are transforming urban landscapes and creating new forms of social and political engagement based on anarchist praxis.
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Taylor-Guthartz, Lindsey. Challenge and Conformity. Liverpool University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781786941718.001.0001.
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Orthodox Jewish women are increasingly seeking new ways to express themselves religiously, and important changes have occurred in consequence in their self-definition and the part they play in the religious life of their communities. Drawing on surveys and interviews across different Orthodox groups in London, as well as on the author's own experience of active participation over many years, this is a study that analyses its findings in the context of related developments in Israel and the USA. Sympathetic attention is given to women's creativity and sophistication as they struggle to develop new modes of expression that will let their voices be heard; at the same time, the inevitable points of conflict with the male-dominated religious establishment are examined and explained. There is a focus, too, on the impact of innovations in ritual: these include not only the creation of women-only spaces and women's participation in public practices traditionally reserved for men, but also new personal practices often acquired on study visits to Israel which are replacing traditions learned from family members. The book is a study of how new norms of lived religion have emerged in London, influenced by both the rise of feminism and the backlash against it, and also by women's new understanding of their religious roles.
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Leonard, Bill J. Baptists in North America. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199683710.003.0010.
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This chapter considers an unlikely trio of groups who opposed the Evangelical Protestant mainstream in nineteenth-century America: the Unitarians, the Quakers, and the Shakers. Each had to navigate two different forms of dissent: the external and the internal. When deciding how best to revise or contradict the hegemonic forms of Protestantism, these groups had certain goals and methods for interacting with those outside their fellowship. In time, they each also had to face a more pernicious adversary, the second generation of dissenters that grew within their own ranks. While these disparate traditions may appear to have little in common, each body faced many of the same questions as they asserted their distinct form of external cultural and religious correction. When articulating a theological vision that went against the mainstream, they had to determine how to serve that particular vision in a culture that did not share their theological views. Some withdrew from contact with outsiders and used their enclaves as a way to practise and preserve their vision of orthodoxy and orthopraxy. On the other hand, there were groups that deliberately sought to model correct religion for others, and thereby hoped to transform other religious groups by disseminating their theological vision beyond the confines of any type of self-imposed seclusion. As the decades passed, though, both sorts of groups were surprised by the inevitable challenges to their founding orthodoxy from within their own membership. This dissent among dissenters was, of course, an outgrowth of the very impulse that stood behind the earlier establishment of the group. Subsequent generations of membership often failed to realize that belonging to a group of dissenters might require adherence to a detailed theological vision. This tension between founding theology and ongoing interpretation could leave a Dissenting group hierarchy in the awkward position of having to restrict innovation, an irony not lost on subsequent generations of members. This chapter asks how Unitarians, Shakers, and Quakers in nineteenth-century America addressed these two aspects of Dissent: external and internal. How did each group perceive their relationship to American culture and other more mainstream religious groups? How did they encounter and negotiate dissent from within their ranks? In each group there was an evolution over the course of the nineteenth century that complicates any interpretation of these multifaceted embodiments of Protestant Dissenting traditions in the United States.
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Vergara, Camila. Systemic Corruption. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691207537.001.0001.
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This book reveals how the majority of modern liberal democracies have become increasingly oligarchic, suffering from a form of structural political decay first conceptualized by ancient philosophers. The book argues that the problem cannot be blamed on the actions of corrupt politicians but is built into the very fabric of our representative systems. The book provides a compelling and original genealogy of political corruption from ancient to modern thought, and shows how representative democracy was designed to protect the interests of the already rich and powerful to the detriment of the majority. Unable to contain the unrelenting force of oligarchy, especially after experimenting with neoliberal policies, most democracies have been corrupted into oligarchic democracies. The book explains how to reverse this corrupting trajectory by establishing a new counterpower strong enough to control the ruling elites. Building on the anti-oligarchic institutional innovations proposed by plebeian philosophers, the book rethinks the republic as a mixed order in which popular power is institutionalized to check the power of oligarchy. The book demonstrates how a plebeian republic would establish a network of local assemblies with the power to push for reform from the grassroots, independent of political parties and representative government. The book proposes to reverse the decay of democracy with the establishment of anti-oligarchic institutions through which common people can collectively resist the domination of the few.
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Trepulė, Elena, Airina Volungevičienė, Margarita Teresevičienė, et al. Guidelines for open and online learning assessment and recognition with reference to the National and European qualification framework: micro-credentials as a proposal for tuning and transparency. Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7220/9786094674792.
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These Guidelines are one of the results of the four-year research project “Open Online Learning for Digital and Networked Society” (2017-2021). The project objective was to enable university teachers to design open and online learning through open and online learning curriculum and environment applying learning analytics as a metacognitive tool and creating open and online learning assessment and recognition practices, responding to the needs of digital and networked society. The research of the project resulted in 10 scientific publications and 2 studies prepared by Vytautas Magnus university Institute of Innovative Studies research team in collaboration with their international research partners from Germany, Spain and Portugal. The final stage of the research attempted creating open and online learning assessment and recognition practices, responding to the learner needs in contemporary digital and networked society. The need for open learning recognition has been increasing during the recent decade while the developments of open learning related to the Covid 19 pandemics have dramatically increased the need for systematic and high-quality assessment and recognition of learning acquired online. The given time also relates to the increased need to offer micro-credentials to learners, as well as a rising need for universities to prepare for micro-credentialization and issue new digital credentials to learners who are regular students, as well as adult learners joining for single courses. The increased need of all labour - market participants for frequent and fast renewal of competences requires a well working and easy to use system of open learning assessment and recognition. For learners, it is critical that the micro-credentials are well linked to national and European qualification frameworks, as well as European digital credential infrastructures (e.g., Europass and similar). For employers, it is important to receive requested quality information that is encrypted in the metadata of the credential. While for universities, there is the need to properly prepare institutional digital infrastructure, organizational procedures, descriptions of open learning opportunities and virtual learning environments to share, import and export the meta-data easily and seamlessly through European Digital Hub service infrastructures, as well as ensure that academic and administrative staff has digital competencies to design, issue and recognise open learning through digital and micro-credentials. The first chapter of the Guidelines provides a background view of the European Qualification Framework and National Qualification frameworks for the further system of gaining, stacking and modelling further qualifications through open online learning. The second chapter suggests the review of current European policy papers and consultations on the establishment of micro-credentials in European higher education. The findings of the report of micro-credentials higher education consultation group “European Approach to Micro-credentials” is shortly introduced, as well as important policy discussions taking place. Responding to the Rome Bologna Comunique 2020, where the ministers responsible for higher education agreed to support lifelong learning through issuing micro-credentials, a joint endeavour of DG Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion and DG Research and Innovation resulted in one of the most important political documents highlighting the potential of micro-credentials towards economic, social and education innovations. The consultation group of experts from the Member States defined the approach to micro-credentials to facilitate their validation, recognition and portability, as well as to foster a larger uptake to support individual learning in any subject area and at any stage of life or career. The Consultation Group also suggested further urgent topics to be discussed, including the storage, data exchange, portability, and data standards of micro-credentials and proposed EU Standard of constitutive elements of micro-credentials. The third chapter is devoted to the institutional readiness to issue and to recognize digital and micro-credentials. Universities need strategic decisions and procedures ready to be enacted for assessment of open learning and issuing micro-credentials. The administrative and academic staff needs to be aware and confident to follow these procedures while keeping the quality assurance procedures in place, as well. The process needs to include increasing teacher awareness in the processes of open learning assessment and the role of micro-credentials for the competitiveness of lifelong learners in general. When the strategic documents and procedures to assess open learning are in place and the staff is ready and well aware of the processes, the description of the courses and the virtual learning environment needs to be prepared to provide the necessary metadata for the assessment of open learning and issuing of micro-credentials. Different innovation-driven projects offer solutions: OEPass developed a pilot Learning Passport, based on European Diploma Supplement, MicroHE developed a portal Credentify for displaying, verifying and sharing micro-credential data. Credentify platform is using Blockchain technology and is developed to comply with European Qualifications Framework. Institutions, willing to join Credentify platform, should make strategic discussions to apply micro-credential metadata standards. The ECCOE project building on outcomes of OEPass and MicroHE offers an all-encompassing set of quality descriptors for credentials and the descriptions of learning opportunities in higher education. The third chapter also describes the requirements for university structures to interact with the Europass digital credentials infrastructure. In 2020, European Commission launched a new Europass platform with Digital Credential Infrastructure in place. Higher education institutions issuing micro-credentials linked to Europass digital credentials infrastructure may offer added value for the learners and can increase reliability and fraud-resistant information for the employers. However, before using Europass Digital Credentials, universities should fulfil the necessary preconditions that include obtaining a qualified electronic seal, installing additional software and preparing the necessary data templates. Moreover, the virtual learning environment needs to be prepared to export learning outcomes to a digital credential, maintaining and securing learner authentication. Open learning opportunity descriptions also need to be adjusted to transfer and match information for the credential meta-data. The Fourth chapter illustrates how digital badges as a type of micro-credentials in open online learning assessment may be used in higher education to create added value for the learners and employers. An adequately provided metadata allows using digital badges as a valuable tool for recognition in all learning settings, including formal, non-formal and informal.
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Ezell, Margaret J. M. The Oxford English Literary History. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198183112.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This volume in the Oxford English Literary History series covering 1645–1714 removes the traditional literary period labels and boundaries used in earlier studies to categorize the literary culture of late seventeenth-century England, from the Interregnum, through the Commonwealth, the Restoration, and the first decades of the eighteenth century. It explores the continuities and literary innovations occurring as English readers and writers lived through turbulent, unprecedented events, including a King tried and executed by Parliament and another exiled, the creation of the national entity ‘Great Britain’, and an expanding English awareness of New World, and the cultures of Asia and the subcontinent. The period saw the continuation of manuscript cultures and the establishment of new concepts of authorship; it saw a dramatic increase of women working as professional, commercial writers. London theatres closed by law in 1642 reopened with new forms of entertainment. Emerging literary forms such as epistolary fictions and topical essays were circulated and promoted by new media including newspapers, periodical publications, and advertising. Laws governing censorship were changing and initial steps were taken in the development of copyright. The period produced some of the most profound and influential literary expressions of religious faith, from John Milton’s Paradise Lost to John Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress, while simultaneously giving rise to a culture of libertinism and savage polemical satire, as well as fostering the new dispassionate discourses of experimental sciences and the conventions of popular romance.
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Ezell, Margaret J. M. The Oxford English Literary History. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780191849572.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This volume in the Oxford English Literary History series covering 1645–1714 removes the traditional literary period labels and boundaries used in earlier studies to categorize the literary culture of late seventeenth-century England, from the Interregnum, through the Commonwealth, the Restoration, and the first decades of the eighteenth century. It explores the continuities and literary innovations occurring as English readers and writers lived through turbulent, unprecedented events, including a King tried and executed by Parliament and another exiled, the creation of the national entity ‘Great Britain’, and an expanding English awareness of New World, and the cultures of Asia and the subcontinent. The period saw the continuation of manuscript cultures and the establishment of new concepts of authorship; it saw a dramatic increase of women working as professional, commercial writers. London theatres closed by law in 1642 reopened with new forms of entertainment. Emerging literary forms such as epistolary fictions and topical essays were circulated and promoted by new media including newspapers, periodical publications, and advertising. Laws governing censorship were changing and initial steps were taken in the development of copyright. The period produced some of the most profound and influential literary expressions of religious faith, from John Milton’s Paradise Lost to John Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress, while simultaneously giving rise to a culture of libertinism and savage polemical satire, as well as fostering the new dispassionate discourses of experimental sciences and the conventions of popular romance.
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Vogel, David. California Greenin'. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691196176.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Over the course of its 150-year history, California has successfully protected its scenic wilderness areas, restricted coastal oil drilling, regulated automobile emissions, preserved coastal access, improved energy efficiency, and, most recently, addressed global climate change. How has this state, more than any other, enacted so many innovative and stringent environmental regulations over such a long period of time? This book shows why the Golden State has been at the forefront in setting new environmental standards, often leading the rest of the nation. From the establishment of Yosemite, America's first protected wilderness, and the prohibition of dumping gold-mining debris in the nineteenth century to sweeping climate-change legislation in the twenty-first, the book traces California's remarkable environmental policy trajectory. It explains that this pathbreaking role developed because California had more to lose from environmental deterioration and more to gain from preserving its stunning natural geography. As a result, citizens and civic groups effectively mobilized to protect and restore their state's natural beauty and, importantly, were often backed both by business interests and by strong regulatory authorities. Business support for environmental regulation in California reveals that strict standards are not only compatible with economic growth but can also contribute to it. The book also examines areas where California has fallen short, particularly in water management and the state's dependence on automobile transportation.
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Agarwal, Bina. Food Security, Productivity, and Gender Inequality. Edited by Ronald J. Herring. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195397772.013.002.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter examines the relationship between gender inequality and food security, with a particular focus on women as food producers, consumers, and family food managers. The discussion is set against the backdrop of rising and volatile food prices, the vulnerabilities created by regional concentrations of food production, imports and exports, the feminization of agriculture, and the projected effect of climate change on crop yields. The chapter outlines the constraints women face as farmers, in terms of their access to land, credit, production inputs, technology, and markets. It argues that there is substantial potential for increasing agricultural output by helping women farmers overcome these production constraints and so bridging the productivity differentials between them and male farmers. This becomes even more of an imperative, given the feminization of agriculture. The chapter spells out the mechanisms, especially institutional, for overcoming the constraints and the inequalities women face as producers, consumers, and home food managers. Institutionally, a group approach to farming could, for instance, enable women and other small holders to enhance their access to land and inputs, benefit from economies of scale, and increase their bargaining power. Other innovative solutions discussed here include the creation of Public Land Banks that would empower the smallholder, and the establishment of agricultural resource centers that would cater especially to small-scale women farmers.
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Polikhun, Nataliia, Kateryna Postova, Iryna Slipukhina, and Lesia Horban. Project of educational program for institutions of specialized education of scientific direction. Institute of Gifted Children of the National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of Ukraine, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32405/978-617-7734-30-6-2021-48.
Full textAbstract:
The project of the educational program for establishments of specialized education of a scientific direction is the normative document containing a complex of educational components for achievement by pupils of education of the results of training defined by the Standard of specialized education of a scientific direction. The project is the basis for integration processes between formal and non-formal education, convergence of educational systems, different types of educational institutions and institutions that can provide educational services. It contributes to the creation of optimal conditions for the implementation of specialized education in the scientific field and the development of an integrated educational space of relevant educational institutions. The key goal of the project program is to ensure the development of research competence through the direct involvement of students of basic and specialized schools in educational research, design, invention and exploration activities in accordance with the Standard of specialized education. The project is developed on the basis of modern state educational policy and strategy of reforming the education system of Ukraine. The project of the educational program for institutions of specialized education of scientific direction is an open, dynamic resource intended for creative pedagogical communities ready to carry out innovative activity on development of specialized education of scientific direction.
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Bonner, Adrian, ed. Local Authorities and the Social Determinants of Health. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447356233.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
As many social inequalities widen, this is a crucial survey of local authorities' evolving role in health, social care, and wellbeing. The book reviews structural changes in provision and procurement, and explores social determinants of health including intergenerational needs and housing. The book begins with an overview of the relationship between health and housing, regional disparities and responses across England, Wales, and Scotland in the provision of health and social care, and local authority commissioning. It considers how the Municipal Corporations Act (1835) led to the establishment of elected town councils. In the mid- to late 20th century, municipalisation gave way to centralised government, which subverted the autonomy of local authorities. Currently, social care is provided and funded by local authorities and private funders. The main objective of social care is to help people to live well and happily, and live as long as they can. This person-centred approach is in contrast to the systems that have been developed to support the health care needs of people. In 2020, poverty still remains a key driver of poor health and wellbeing. With detailed assessments of regional disparities and case studies of effective strategies and interventions from local authorities, the book addresses complex issues (Wicked Issues), considers where responsibility for wellbeing lies and points the way to future policy-making. The Centre for Partnering (CfP), a network of universities working with the private and third sectors, is a key outcome of this innovative review.
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Grene, Nicholas, and Chris Morash, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Modern Irish Theatre. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198706137.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
The familiar narrative in this field has focused on playwrights: from the foundational work of W. B. Yeats, Augusta Gregory, and J. M. Synge of the early twentieth-century national theatre movement to contemporary figures such as Martin McDonagh, Marina Carr, and Enda Walsh, sometimes including Oscar Wilde, Bernard Shaw, and Samuel Beckett. These playwrights are all given detailed analysis in this volume, while extending the conspectus to the full phenomenon of modern Irish theatre. Two sections of the book are devoted to performance, examining the neglected work of directors and designers, as well as exploring acting styles and playing spaces. While the Abbey, as Ireland’s national theatre, has been of central importance, individual chapters bring out the contesting voices of women in a male-dominated arena, the position of Irish-language theatre, and ‘little theatres’ that challenged the hegemony of the Abbey. The middle of the twentieth century saw what amounted to a new revival of Irish drama with the emergence of a generation of playwrights responding in innovative ways to a modernizing Ireland, again diversified by the establishment of regional companies and alternative dramaturgical directions from the 1970s. The contemporary period in Irish theatre has featured a movement beyond scripted plays to more experimental work. The impact and interactions of Irish theatre are finally placed within the wider world of the United Kingdom, Europe, and the United States. The forty-one chapters of the volume offer the most comprehensive analysis to date of modern Irish theatre.