Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Establishment of Media'

Swedish micro-businesses are encouraged by the government to internationalise and participate in entrepreneurial ecosystems. Yet research on how they should be supported while doing so is thin. Current research on entrepreneurial ecosystems shows that value co-creation breads sustainability, and increased attention is given to intermediary organisations. While scholars stress aligned expectations as key to value co-creation, intermediaries today are basing their actions on what they think businesses need and expect. This study challenges that logic. This study focused on the entrepreneurial ecosystem of New York, specifically looking at Swedish technology startups, intermediaries and investors. Trough semi-structured interviews the study sought to understand how congruent startups’ and intermediaries’ perceptions of challenges during business establishment in NYC are, and also, how they could be aligned. The study employed the framework of Gioia et al. (2012) when distilling challenges from the interviews. The results show congruence in some identified challenges, with a key difference in their temporal approaches. The intermediaries primarily focused on instrumental challenges and initial barriers-to-entry, while the startups (and investors) in higher regard focused on open-ended challenges related to relationships and legitimacy. This was considered proof of intermediaries employing an outdated theoretical perspective on their role as an instrumental broker. The study thus concluded by suggesting an alternative perspective, emphasizing dynamic and situation-based support.<br>Svenska mikro-företag uppmanas av regeringen att internationalisera tidigt och delta i entreprenöriella ekosystem. Mängden forskning på hur de bäst bör stödjas i detta är dock blygsam. Samtida studier på entrepreöriella ekosystem visar hur kollektivt värdeskapande (eng: value co-creation) föder långsiktig hållbarhet, och uppmärksamhet riktas allt mer åt intermediära organisationer. Även om forskare menar att kongruenta förväntningar är en nyckel till kollektivt värdeskapande baserar intermediärer idag ofta sina handlingar och stöd på vad de tror att företag behöver och förväntar sig. Denna studie utmanar den logiken. Studien fokuserade på New Yorks entreprenöriella ekosystem och undersökte svenska högteknologiska startupbolag, intermediärer och investerare. Genom semi-strukturerade intervjuer sökte studien lära hur kongruenta startups och intermediärer är i sina uppfattningar av utmaningar vid företagsetablering i New York, samt hur dessa kan göras mer samstämmiga för att föda långsiktigt hållbara stödfunktioner Studien nyttjade ett ramverk av Gioia et al. (2012) i destillationen av utmaningar från intervjuerna. Resultaten visar kongruens i vissa identifierade utmaningar, med en tongivande skillnad i dess tidsmässiga förhållningssätt. Intermedärerna fokuserade primärt på instrumentella utmaningar och initiala inträdesbarriärer, medan startups (och investerare) i högre utsträckning fokuserade på mindre tidsbegränsade utmaningar som t.ex. relationer och legitimitet. Detta ansågs vara bevis på hur intermediärer brukar ett daterat teoretiskt perspektiv på sin egen roll som instrumentella mäklare. Studien sammanfattade därför slutligen att ett nytt, mer dynamiskt och situationsbaserat perspektiv på intermediärer och stöd bör välkomnas.

This thesis expands an understanding of how Netflix has been established in Sweden’s media landscape. It seeks to investigate what effect the press has had, and more specifically, the study explores how the press builds up Netflix as powerful and how it imbues Netflix with legitimacy. Methodologically the thesis starts off with a usage of purposive sampling in order to find articles. The material is further handled with a critical discourse analysis, where writers’ language is explored, along with an investigation into how the world is represented with regards to identities, relationships and sociocultural aspects. Analysed articles with an economic focus come from Dagens Industri and those with cultural focus comes from Aftonbladet, Expressen, Dagens Nyheter and Svenska Dagbladet. Moreover, the study is based on theories and earlier studies within political economy, with a pursuit to understand film and television industry; trade press, to interpret the economic articles; cultural journalism, to interpret the cultural articles from; and power, to distinguished different power aspects in Netflix. The analysis comes in two parts: the economic analysis, which is divided in three ways and a two-folded cultural analysis. When it comes to economic legitimacy, two major aspects are prominent: Netflix’s success in competition against other streaming services and a clear establishment on the global market. Some articles have also given reasons to understand Netflix’s situation as ambiguous, meaning its future is uncertain. With regards to cultural legitimacy, the question of quality is significant, along with a connection to other social contexts such as gender, politics and climate. Netflix is perceived as having a societal responsibility. As a result of this thesis, it can be noted that cultural articles tend to be more critical than economic. Cultural journalists appear to cover the subject with a more open approach, using personal opinions, often suggesting what Netflix can improve. Writers of economic articles demonstrate a stricter portrayal of Netflix, mainly focusing on developments and success.

Blomquist, Aviva (2021). Understanding Community Sense of Place and Social Sustainability Through Instagram: The establishment of Rågsved nature reserve and the demolition Snösätra Graffiti Wall of Fame. Human Geography, advanced level, master’s thesis for Master exam in Human Geography, 30 ECTS credits  Supervisor: Danielle Drozdzewski Language: English Key words: Digital geography, sense of place, social media, public space socio-spatial planning, participation, social sustainability, cultural sustainability.  This thesis investigates digital sense of place and social and cultural sustainability issues in the establishment of Rågsved nature reserve and the subsequent demolishment of (parts of) Snösätra Graffiti Wall of Fame. Drawing on theories of the more or less digital world, the non-representational, the more-than human, and the idea of geolocative social media as participatory public space (in the making), the thesis aim was to investigate how covert netnography/digital ethnography and discourse analysis can help us understand sense of place, and to identify sustainability issues through geotagged user generated data on Instagram. The empirical findings reveal conflicting community sense of place, assembled through complex entanglements between algorithms, physical structures/landscape, language, and sensory embodiments, which were simultaneously digital and non-digital. There were indications that the flows of posts geotagged on Instagram functioned as ‘claimed’ participatory public space, where stakeholder communities discussed place outside of dominant political imaginations. In addition, the posts indicated social and cultural sustainability issues. The main conclusion is that this type of discourse analysis of social media has the potential for functioning as a ‘passive’ participation strategy, and for creating deliberative discussions with stakeholder communities based on an understanding of place as they experience it.

Purpose/Aim: To find power structures within the blog network. Material/Method: Using keywords to find all available blog posts about the National Defence Radio Establishment from the blog search engine Twingly, and thereafter using the same blog search engine to find inlinks from other blogs, to those posts. The data is set into the context of the small-world networks models of Duncan J. Watts and rich-club models of Sergi Valverde och Ricard V. Sole. Main results: 5183 unique blogs have written about the subject in 22779 blog posts to which 28128 inlinks from other blogposts are made. Just over one fifth of the blogs are linkted to each other in one big network, where the remaining blogs stand without any ingoing or outgoing links. The first bloggers are the one who continue to write for longer period of time and also the ones who attracts most inlinks. The blogosphere around this subject is highly connected, shows features as one would find in a small-world network, displays a power-law distribution for inlinks and is highly clustered around a few rich- club nodes.

Chez tous les organismes développant une architecture 3-D, des axes de croissance sont mis en place généralement au début du développement (par exemple, les axes apico-basal et dorso/ventral). Les algues brunes appartiennent au groupe phylogénétique des Stramenopiles qui est phylogénétiquement indépendant des plantes, des animaux et des champignons. Elles sont apparues il y a “seulement” 250 millions d’années, c’est-à-dire relativement récemment par rapport à l’émergence des plantes et des animaux (~ 600-700 Mya). Malgré un niveau de complexité morphologique bien inférieur à celui des plantes et des animaux, les algues brunes, et notamment les laminaires (famille des Laminariales) développent des corps de très grande taille (jusqu’à 30 mètres de long), dont l’organisation repose sur la mise en place d’axes spatiaux structurants. Pourtant, on ne sait rien de l’embryogenèse des laminaires. Ce projet a donc pour but d’étudier la mise en place des axes longitudinaux et latéraux dans les premiers stades du développement de l’embryon de l’algue Saccharina, en identifiant son déterminisme et les facteurs cellulaires impliqués dans sa mise en place. Les étapes initiales du développement de Saccharina sont les suivantes (Figure 1) : i) l’œuf (brun) de Saccharina reste attaché au tissu maternel (filaments du gamétophyte, cellule transparente). Après la fécondation, il s’allonge verticalement, et forme un empilement de cellules larges par des divisions cellulaires transversales parallèles. Il établit ainsi l’axe apico-basal. ii) dans un second temps, l’axe latéral est formé par division cellulaire orientée à 90° par rapport aux précédentes. Ceci établit l’axe latéral. Les deux axes sont maintenus pendant toute la vie de l’algue (organisme adulte). Projet : Le projet concerne 4 événements développementaux identifiés comme des étapes clés de l’embryogenèse précoce de Saccharina. a) établissement d’un axe longitudinal dans le zygote, b) polarisation du zygote, c) maintien de l’axe longitudinal dans l’embryon, d) établissement d’un axe latéral dans l’embryon Pour chacune de ces étapes clés, les questions sont les suivantes : 1) quels sont les facteurs qui déclenchent et contrôlent ces étapes (“signal” ou “déterminisme”) ? Pour les étapes précoces (zygote et embryon très précoce), nous avons abordé le rôle de l’environnement maternel, qui dans le cas présent se limite à une cellule morte maintenant l’embryon attaché au gamétophyte femelle. Pour les étapes ultérieures (embryon de 2 à 8 cellules), nous avons étudié le rôle de chaque cellule de l’embryon proprement dit dans le devenir cellulaire de leurs voisines. 2) quels sont les repères de ces étapes ? Il s’agit à la fois de facteurs de mise en œuvre (“constructeur”, “organisateur”) comme le cytosquelette, la paroi cellulaire, et de facteurs annonçant l’établissement du futur destin cellulaire et la voie de signalisation potentielle, comme le reflète le transcriptome (“code-barres”). Techniquement, le projet s’appuie principalement sur l’ablation au laser et l’excision manuelle, l’immunolocalisation (organisation de la paroi cellulaire et du cytosquelette) et la microdissection par capture laser suivie de NGS (barcode). En conclusion, le projet a fourni les premières données moléculaires et cellulaires sur les mécanismes d’établissement et de polarisation des axes au cours de l’embryogenèse d’une algue brune de la famille des Laminaires à des stades précoce post-zygotiques<br>In all organisms developing a 3-D architecture, growth axes are generally established early in development (e.g. apico-basal and dorso/ventral axes). Brown algae belong to the Stramenopiles phylogenetic group, which is phylogenetically independent of plants, animals and fungi. They appeared "only" 250 million years ago, i.e. relatively recently compared with the emergence of plants and animals (~ 600-700 Mya). Despite a level of morphological complexity well below that of plants and animals, brown algae, and in particular kelps (family Laminariales), develop very large bodies (up to 30 meters long), whose organization is based on the establishment of structuring spatial axes. However, nothing is known about kelp embryogenesis. The aim of this project is therefore to study the establishment of longitudinal and lateral axes in the early stages of Saccharina algal embryo development, identifying their determinism and the cellular factors involved. The initial stages of Saccharina development are as follows (Figure 1): i) the Saccharina egg (brown) remains attached to the maternal tissue (gametophyte filaments, transparent cell). After fertilization, it elongates vertically, forming a stack of wide cells through parallel transverse cell divisions. This establishes the apico-basal axis. ii) In a second phase, the lateral axis is formed by cell divisions oriented at 90° to the preceding ones. This establishes the lateral axis. Both axes are maintained throughout the alga's life (adult organism). Project : he project concerns 4 developmental events identified as key stages in the early embryogenesis of Saccharina. a) establishment of a longitudinal axis in the zygote, b) polarization of the zygote, c) maintenance of the longitudinal axis in the embryo, d) establishment of a lateral axis in the embryo For each of these key stages, the questions are as follows: 1) what are the factors that trigger and control these stages ("signal" or "determinism")? For the early stages (zygote and very early embryo), we have discussed the role of the maternal environment, which in this case is limited to a dead cell holding the embryo attached to the female gametophyte. For later stages (embryos of 2 to 8 cells), we studied the role of each cell of the embryo itself in the cell fate of its neighbors.2) what are the milestones of these stages? These are both implementing ("constructor", "organizer") factors such as the cytoskeleton and the cell wall, and factors that herald the establishment of future cell fate and potential signaling pathways, as reflected in the transcriptome ("barcode"). Technically, the project relies mainly on laser ablation and manual excision, immunolocalization (cell wall and cytoskeleton organization) and laser capture microdissection followed by NGS (barcode). In conclusion, the project has provided the first molecular and cellular data on the mechanisms of axis establishment and polarization during embryogenesis of a brown alga of the Laminaria family at early post-zygotic stages

Generation and Establishment of In Vitro Neuronal Models of Joubert Syndrome (JS) Derived from Patient-Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs)<br>Generation and Establishment of In Vitro Neuronal Models of Joubert Syndrome (JS) Derived from Patient-Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs)

碩士<br>亞洲大學<br>資訊工程學系碩士在職專班<br>100<br>Although the main-stream mass media TV program, women magazine, and lots of online media often offer topics on beauty treatment, not all those information are accurate. In contrast, the current information on cosmetic science development, international beauty market analysis, and the trends of professional cosmetic technique are not readily available in Taiwan. Therefore this study aims to establish an online publication website on the subjects of beauty treatment and cosmetics science with easy-to-understand knowledge and useful information, hopefully for the betterment of cosmetic industry’s development and consumers’ knowledge in Taiwan. The online magazine website was constructed based on Joomla! platform, and provided useful beauty treatment and cosmetics information in popular science format. The website also provided marketing strategies through social-media-like website service. With the establishment of the online website platform, this study achieved the following goals: 1. Publishing the latest information on cosmetic technology and market trends in easy-to-understand format and providing reliable source of cosmetic information for experts and common people alike. 2. Establishing membership format for online readers that have privilege of receiving previously archived articles and sharing instructional video and audio. 3. Providing discussion forum via functions in Facebook social media and Blog, and offering a way to communicate and share opinions directly for experts and common people. Hopefully, the establishment of this free online publication website in cosmetic science and technology will benefit the cosmetic industry’s development and improvement.

In today’s new media landscape, who tells the story and how it is told has changed from the traditional journalistic rituals of the past. This study examines four cases within sports media that challenge the sports media complex, a complicated partnership between sports organizations and personalities and the outlets that cover them. This research focuses on the impact of technological advances in communication on this institutionalized connection between media and sport and finds that while there are several factors that have affected the strength of the sports media complex, new media continue to serve as a catalyst in the erosion of the relationship between legacy media and sports’ governing bodies.<br>text

碩士<br>國立嘉義大學<br>國民教育研究所<br>89<br>The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a school library media center volunteer program. Furthermore, problems occurring in the process of establishment were also examined. The collaborative action research was used as a framework in this study. The researcher and the teacher librarian, who supervised the school library media center program, cooperatively planed a volunteer program and evaluated its effectiveness. At the same time, the methods of interview, observation, document analysis, panel discussion, as well as surveys were also used in this study. The major findings of this research were as follows: 1. Recruitment strategies should be multiple in order to address the needs of volunteers with different backgrounds. The description and timeframe of required duties should be explained clearly in the announcements. 2. The contents of training workshops should be determined by the requirements of the duties and responsibilities. Besides lectures and handouts, chances for practicing what the volunteers have learned in the workshops were also important. The school may invite suitable scholars from nearby communities or colleges to be the speakers. 3. The methods of journal writing, needs-form filling and grouping were some available means for supervising volunteers in the school library media center. However, the day-to-day management and guidance of the work of the volunteers was not feasible in the school. 4. An annual volunteer recognition event was conducted to reward the contribution of volunteers to the school. As for the methods of informal recognition of volunteer service included access to the school conference room, acquiring special certifications and “Thank You’s” cards. In addition, funding, school administrative support, good volunteer coordinator also were the important elements of a successful volunteer program in the school library media center. On the other hand, the results of this study indicated that volunteers could perform some professional tasks except the clerical works in the school. The tasks of instruction, collaborative planning with teachers, interaction with students, and selection of materials were some of them carried out effectively. However, the volunteers should play an assistant role instead of a leading role in these matters. Finally, five suggestions were proposed for the future research.

碩士<br>淡江大學<br>公共行政學系公共政策碩士班<br>98<br>In the past, the display of indigenous in main stream media was nagitive. We can hear the voice from indigenous. In 1980s,the national consciousness were awaken, indigenous people knew that they can use media to announce their opinion, and show their culture, etc . In 2005, the Taiwan Indigenous TV(TITV) was established. But in the process of establishment, there were so many problem happened. Some people try to influence the development of TITV.

碩士<br>政治作戰學校<br>新聞研究所<br>94<br>This topic is “The Establishment of Planning Indicator for the Ministry of National Defense Media Public Relations Activities”. This essay is based on the Modified Delphi Method and sampling method. The 20 participants are from three fields: academic experts, senior military press reporters and Ministry of National Defense public affair officers.We expect that can concentrate on the opinion of our expert group. Then we can select the best indicators from our questionnaire. Finally, we conduct in-depth interviews and establish a set of planning indicators for Ministry of National Defense Public Relations Activities. The result shows there are 7 dimensions and 33 indicators. They are listed as follows: 1.Strategy: clear brand image, strategy execution assessment, build emergency communication mechanism, develop long-term public relations, develop long-term personnel training, lead public opinion, build data base. 2.Preparation: specify the target, prepare emergency stopgap plan, hold prescription, rationalize policy, set up the news center, speech from the same angle, plan work scheduling, have coordinately conference. 3.Execution process: identify responsibility of accident, provide the last and correct news for media, coordination capability, condition surveillance, never promise easily. 4.Case closing: handle rumor immediately, review of activity for goal achievement level, review all factors of influence activity, designated filing. 5.Channel strategy operation: integrated marketing communication, media use appease target need. 6.Content style display: avoid empty content; provide statistics data, mederstandable content, uliability. 7.PR ethics: honesty is the best policy, esteem privacy.

碩士<br>國立中山大學<br>企業管理學系研究所<br>101<br>April 16, 2010, Go! DuLaLa, which is revised by the same name of bestseller, was running in the whole screen lines nationally, moreover, the movie has made the box office over hundred million in two weeks. Therefore, we can see a whole media industry chain which is composed with the field of bestsellers, talking books, dramas, soap operas as well as movies. This sample is undoubted draw a significant inspiration to our both traditional and modern media. Interaction, cooperation, interdependence in different fields and methods which meet our demands as the development of media, at the same time, we should do our best to display its maximum economic efficiency. We want to follow the same model to create more Go! DuLaLa，and try to develop a integrated and maturated chain of media industry. Therefore, this is also the key point of this essay to searching and discussing. In this essay, we hope to through the successful model of cross media industry chain as the starting point, unify the outstanding domestic and foreign classical cases and the advanced experience as well to propose some constructive suggestions and put forward the new direction and development of the cross media industry.

碩士<br>國防大學政治作戰學院<br>新聞碩士班<br>103<br>The purpose of this research is constructing an indicator model to predict how Republic of China (“R.O.C.”) defense sectors-related agenda flows from the new media to main stream media. By adopting the Modified Delphi Method to consolidate the experts' feedbacks, this allows the "New Media Spill-over Indicators" to be established, which equips the R.O.C. defense sector a point of reference in the future when managing issues in new media. The process involves conducting surveys with 14 experts from the industry, public affairs officers from the R.O.C. defense sectors and scholars who have devoted most of their lives in areas related to media, which aims to form a consolidated view on these professional opinions that ultimately contributes to the model parameters for this “New Media Agenda Spill-Over Indicator”. These survey results would then be reinforced or amended by indepth interviews with the experts to seek for alternative explanations on the Modified Delphi results. According to the statistical results from the Modified Delphi Method, out of the 66 indicators in total, 15 indicators are classified under “Online-share”, 5 indicators under “Positive agenda”, 3 indicators under “Saturation coverage”, 9 indicators under “Still-picture, motion-picture and reliability”, 4 indicators under “Army regime policy”, 12 indicators under “Critical incidents of casualty”, 18 indicators under “Miscellaneous internal management and rules violation incidents”. In order for R.O.C. defense sectors to better manage news as these indicators are adopted, they are ranked into 9 levels of criticality, first based on the number of surveys they take for the experts’ opinions to converge with statistical significance, following by their level of importance from the survey results, and lastly by the proportion of these levels of importance. In conclusion, based on the data analysis and interview results from Modified Delphi Method, this research has led to the following recommendations: (1) Assess and assign levels of criticality to agenda and manage them accordingly; (2) Monitor public issues in new media; (3) In-depth understanding of the charactertics of new media and relax the restrictions on the use of Internet; (4) Break through on the usage of Facebook and broaden interpersonal exposure; (5) The more picture, more video clips and less words in the posts, the better – should think from the perspective of the audience.

碩士<br>國立高雄大學<br>亞太工商管理學系碩士班<br>100<br>Through literature review this study constructed six dimensions concerning college media publicists: role cognition, relationship establishment and maintenance, news-agenda setting and manipulation, crisis communication, reliability and trust, and paying for media coverage. To provide a reference for regulating media relations and operating college propaganda strategies, the current study applied a questionnaire survey to find out how the college faculty and students (internal customers) and journalists (external customers) felt about the college media publicists in the Kaohsiung area in the cognition of public relations as well as news-agenda preferences and comprehension. From the survey, some conclusions are summarized as follows: (1) The college media publicists receive the recognition in both the role and their professionalism. (2) It is considered to be the most important by journalists that the media publicists are always on-call. (3) There are preference differences among college faculty and students, journalists, and media publicists. (4) The performance of the university and the media publicists in crisis communication is mostly disapproved and dissatisfied. (5) Internal and external customers appreciate the media publicists’ friendliness and service quality, however, not reliability and trust. (6) Paying for media coverage is not encouraged. In the aspect of management implications, college media publicists should enhance three core competencies: news report writing, communication, and photography. Moreover, the subjects of this study basically agreed that the image and the characteristics of the universities can be strengthened by positive media reports. Paying for media propaganda, however, was believed to be unnecessary and ineffective. It was even rejected by the journalists. Consequently, discovering campus news stories was supposed to be prior to budgeting for media coverage.

<p>The prevalence of social media in political campaigns are changing the face of politics in the United States and abroad. The rapid pace at which this change is occurring demands inquiry into the previously unexplored area of unconventional political campaign messaging practices on social media. Investigation of Donald Trump’s use of tweets as rhetorical strategy in the discursive space of Twitter during the 2016 U.S. presidential campaign revealed a bypass of traditional media and its source verification processes. This circumventing of mainstream media channels facilitated Trump’s deployment of an unchecked ‘broken system’ narrative alleging government corruption</p> <p>and a rigged system. Trump’s tweet discourses tapped into existing feelings of disenfranchisement and disaffection felt by a self-identified politically marginalized segment of society. This study</p> <p>investigates how social media use in political campaigns can serve as a public sphere for contestation of social and political norms. An interdisciplinary theoretical frame comprised of Feenberg’s critical theory of technology, McLuhan’s media ecology, Fraser’s counterpublic spheres, and Iser’s implied reader offer new understandings about the power of anti-establishment discourses and a hybrid discursive space to destabilize governing institutions and redefine social and political identities. Study of Trump’s tweets as rhetorical strategy granted insights into the social and political capacity of alternative truth to undermine the political process. Further, it uncovered the power of social media to awaken and leverage existing political identities for personal political gain.</p>

The advert of social media has transformed the way in which tourism businesses operate especially in the marketing of tourism services. One major tourism sector which has been influenced by social media is the accommodation subsector. Hospitality businesses are now compelled to adopt social networks for marketing purposes to keep pace with changes in consumer behaviour. Previous research has indicated that, although social media is a new phenomenon in marketing, hospitality businesses such as accommodation facilities have embraced it for marketing purposes and the usage varies from one country to another. Prior studies have also shown that social networks are now considered a major source of information for tourists and influence their decision making process. Evidence from the literature shows that little work has been done to investigate the effectiveness of social networks in marketing accommodation services in Sub-Saharan Africa. Studies on adoption and usage of social networks in the accommodation sector in South Africa and Zimbabwe are limited. This study was done to address these knowledge gaps identified in literature. The aim of this research was to determine the effectiveness of social networks in the marketing of accommodation services in South Africa and Zimbabwe. To achieve this, two literature chapters provided an in-depth discussion on social media marketing as well as the influence of these networks on tourists‟ decision-making process. For the empirical survey, the study used an electronic questionnaire which was mailed to South African accommodation establishments. The same questionnaire was hand delivered by field workers in Zimbabwe from June 2013 to July 2014. A total of 129 and 134 were completed from South Africa and Zimbabwe respectively. Factor analysis was used to identify the dominant factors influencing usage of social networks and their effectiveness. The dominant factors were further tested using t-test, chi-square test and effect sizes calculation. The results from t-test and effect sizes computation revealed that there was a statistically significant difference in both the usage of social networks and the effectiveness of social networks in the two countries. Chi-square tests results further revealed that accommodation establishments in both countries were not extensively utilising social networks for marketing purposes and social networks were effective marketing tool in the accommodation sector. The major challenges highlighted by most accommodation establishments from both countries were, time constraints, lack knowledge on the use social networks for marketing and lack of commitment to sustain social media marketing efforts. Power cuts were also another challenge for the Zimbabwean accommodation establishments. This study did not only present theoretical contributions to accommodation establishments but practical recommendations were also made. Based on the results, this study made the following invaluable contributions: firstly a social media marketing framework was proposed. This framework contributes to the body of literature that could be used for future references in the field of social media marketing. The framework provides some necessary steps that can be followed when implementing social media marketing not only by accommodation establishments but with other similar businesses. Secondly, the study addresses the gap in literature by providing evidence from a developing country‟s perspective on the usage and effectiveness of social networks an area which has received little attention in hospitality research. Findings of this study can be used as a future reference by other researchers in the field of social media marketing on the African continent. Lastly, the study also shed light on how social networks can be utilised to influence tourists‟ decision-making process.<br>PhD (Tourism Management), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

Since the advent of the Internet, the number of individuals and organisations using tools such as the World Wide Web and cell phones has increased, and is continuing to grow at a rapid pace. Social media has provoked fundamentally different ways of doing business, and organisations rapidly had to get on this social media bandwagon to stay up to date with the latest market trends and ahead of the competition. Although social media is already broadly used among South African businesses, the perception regarding the use of social media as a promotional mix element has not been investigated sufficiently in South Africa. The primary purpose of this study was therefore to determine the perception of star-graded accommodation establishments, operating in the Western Cape province of South Africa, regarding the use of social media as a promotional mix element. A broad and in-depth literature review was conducted on the use of social media and social media as a probable promotional mix element. An empirical study was conducted, in which data was collected from star-graded accommodation establishments operating in the Western Cape by means of a web-based (computer-assisted) self-administered questionnaire. A quantitative approach was followed in order to satisfy the research objectives of this study. The results of this research study indicate that social media is perceived to be an instrumental marketing element in star-graded accommodation establishments and can indeed be considered an element of the promotional mix.<br>Business Management<br>MCOM (Business Management)

У магістерській роботі проаналізовано значення фразеологічних одиниць у стилістичному та граматичному аспектах на прикладі сучасних газетних текстів. Представлене дослідження розкриває стилістичне наповнення сучасного інформаційного простору. Центральне місце у роботі займає аналіз стилістичних функцій та вияву граматичного значення фразеологізмів у газетному тексті. У ході текстологічного аналізу джерельної бази дослідження розкрито специфіку трансформацій фразеологічних одиниць у газетному тексті. Практичним результатом роботи є Словник фразеологізмів сучасного газетного тексту, що поданий у додатку, та може бути використаний у ході викладання курсу «Українська мова за професійним спрямуванням» у закладах фахової передвищої освіти.<br>In master's degree work the value of phraseology units is analysed in stylistic and grammatical aspects on the example of modern newspaper texts. The presented research exposes the stylistic filling of modern informative space. A central place in-process occupies the analysis of stylistic functions and display of grammatical value of phraseological units in newspaper text. During the textology analysis of a spring base research is exposed specific of transformations of phraseology units in newspaper text. During the textology analysis of a spring base research is exposed specific of transformations of phraseology units in newspaper text. A practical job performance is Dictionary of phraseological units of modern newspaper text that is given in addition, and can be used during teaching of course «Ukrainian after professional aspiration» in establishments of trade pre-higher education.