Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Establishment of trade'

Thesis (MTech(Business Administration))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011<br>Business ventures tend to commit themselves too soon to the twin issues of corporate social responsibility and stakeholder interaction, but in practice normally fail to deliver on all their promises in this regard, which often lead to great disappointment for the local communities involved. The new dispensation in South Africa has currently contributed to a great extent to how communities respond when they face issues of this nature. Sowman and Megan Gawith (1994) are believe that this new approach in behaviour of communities is owing to the recent influence of western models of development on developing areas. An inability of business to adapt to this changed environment will inevitably lead to a fragile relationship between such an entity and the community, which could easily ruin the implementation of development plans and ultimately cause the end of a business. Waddock and Graves (1997) are of the view that if good stakeholder consultation is maintained, it could be favourable for both business and community, and healthy relationships of this nature are always evident in the practice of such a company. The Stakeholder Engagement Practitioner Handbook (2008:5) is a specific model which is explored by this study in order to prevent a negative kind of relationship between a business and the local community. This is regarded as an imperative tool for comparison purposes to ensure sustainable and sound interaction, whilst identifying potential problem areas and simultaneously serving as a guiding map. The aim of this study was to investigate the ongoing interactions process for the identification of strengths and weaknesses of engagements in the Saldanha Bay venture in order to provide recommendations for improvement accordingly, as well as to determine whether the current process is substantive and responsive enough to the real needs and expectations of these groupings. The research, therefore, reviewed available literature on public paticipation and stakeholder interaction for business success in order to develop a theorethical model based on the strengths and weaknesses of the current engagement process in the Saldanha Bay Municipal area, and to also identify key components for beneficial dialogue. A descriptive case study technique was adopted as the most appropriate design to focus analytically on the entire engagement process and to extrapolate the nature of the interaction from various stakeholder accounts, in order to emphasise the views of the selected population. The results of this study indicated that the current local engagement process did indeed match most of the elements contained in the proposed model after a comparison was conducted. The research findings further revealed that even though the forum gained enormous momentum during the first phase, the process still lacks a few key areas to ensure more effective engagement. If these key areas are not properly addressed, this situation could at a later stage pose a serious threat to the future sustainability of the forum.

The aim of this thesis was to increase knowledge about metapopulation and metacommunity processes in patchy, dynamic landscapes, using epiphytic bryophytes as a model system. Host trees and deciduous forest stands in the coniferous landscape are patchy, temporal and undergo changes in habitat quality during succession. Epiphytes must track this dynamic habitat network for their long-term survival. Community patterns at different spatial scales were explored and linked to regional metapopulation processes and local population dynamics. Spatial structuring in species richness both at a local and regional scale indicated stronger dispersal limitation but lower sensitivity to habitat quality in species with large asexual than in species with small sexual diaspores. In sexually dispersed species, a strong rescue effect was indicated by a bimodal frequency distribution of the species and by increasing local abundance with increasing patch connectivity. Present connectivity to other deciduous forest patches had positive effects on richness of asexually dispersed species, whereas richness of sexually dispersed species was instead related to the landscape connectivity 30 years ago. A study of local growth and reproduction suggested that this is caused by delayed sexual, but not asexual, reproduction. Habitat conditions affected the production of sporophytes, but not of asexual diaspores. No differences in either growth rates or competitive abilities among species with different dispersal and life-history strategies were found. In vitro experiments showed that establishment is higher from large asexual diaspores than from small sexual. Establishment of all diaspore types was limited by pH. There were indications of trade-offs between high germination and protonemal growth rates, desiccation tolerance and a rapid development of shoots from protonema. The results indicated that the epiphyte metacommunity is structured by two main trade-offs: dispersal distance (diaspore size) versus age at first reproduction, and dispersal distance versus sensitivity to habitat quality. Trade-offs in species traits may have evolved as a consequence of conflicting selection pressures imposed by habitat turnover, connectivity and irregular water supply rather than by species interactions. Syndromes of interrelated species traits imply that fairly small changes in habitat conditions can lead to distinct changes in metacommunity diversity: the results indicate that increasing distances among patches cause most harm to asexually dispersed species, whereas cuttings of forests of high age and quality as well as increasing patch dynamics are most harmful to sexually dispersed species.<br>Senarelagd disputation från: 2009-09-26, Lindahlsalen, EBC, Villavägen 9, 75236 Uppsala, Uppsala, 10:00

The diploma thesis deals with formulation of business plan for travel agency. In according to the theoretical background and analysis is prepared a business plan that will be used as a base for establishing successful business.

This thesis expands an understanding of how Netflix has been established in Sweden’s media landscape. It seeks to investigate what effect the press has had, and more specifically, the study explores how the press builds up Netflix as powerful and how it imbues Netflix with legitimacy. Methodologically the thesis starts off with a usage of purposive sampling in order to find articles. The material is further handled with a critical discourse analysis, where writers’ language is explored, along with an investigation into how the world is represented with regards to identities, relationships and sociocultural aspects. Analysed articles with an economic focus come from Dagens Industri and those with cultural focus comes from Aftonbladet, Expressen, Dagens Nyheter and Svenska Dagbladet. Moreover, the study is based on theories and earlier studies within political economy, with a pursuit to understand film and television industry; trade press, to interpret the economic articles; cultural journalism, to interpret the cultural articles from; and power, to distinguished different power aspects in Netflix. The analysis comes in two parts: the economic analysis, which is divided in three ways and a two-folded cultural analysis. When it comes to economic legitimacy, two major aspects are prominent: Netflix’s success in competition against other streaming services and a clear establishment on the global market. Some articles have also given reasons to understand Netflix’s situation as ambiguous, meaning its future is uncertain. With regards to cultural legitimacy, the question of quality is significant, along with a connection to other social contexts such as gender, politics and climate. Netflix is perceived as having a societal responsibility. As a result of this thesis, it can be noted that cultural articles tend to be more critical than economic. Cultural journalists appear to cover the subject with a more open approach, using personal opinions, often suggesting what Netflix can improve. Writers of economic articles demonstrate a stricter portrayal of Netflix, mainly focusing on developments and success.

The aim of this thesis is to create a business plan for establishing a new trade deal with sewn handmade production and its sales through the Internet. Thesis includes theoretical basis related to these issues and conditions for the establishment and operation of business. The business plan focuses on market analysis, product description and production, marketing and financial plan.

Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2010.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Biological invasions are a growing threat to biodiversity, trade and agriculture in South Africa. Though alien reptiles and amphibians (herpetofauna) are not currently a major issue, escalating problems worldwide and increased trade in South Africa suggest a possible increase in future problems. In this thesis I explore practical measures for risk assessment implementable under national legislation. I began by documenting record-keeping and legislative differences between provinces in South Africa. This revealed some serious deficiencies, complicating attempts to compile accurate inventories and discern import trends. International trade data, however, revealed an exponential increase in the number of imports to South Africa over the last 30 years. Characterising the abundance of species in this trade is important as species introduced in large numbers pose a higher establishment risk. In South Africa, I found a tendency for venomous and expensive species to be traded in low numbers, whereas species that are easy to breed and handle, or that are colourful or patterned are traded in higher numbers. Unlike South Africa, California and Florida have had a large number of well-documented herpetofaunal introductions. These introductions were used to verify the role of several key predictors in species establishment. I first evaluated the role of each variable separately. I examined different approaches for bioclimatic modelling, the predictive power of different sources of distribution data, and methods of assigning a climate-match score. I also present the first test of Darwin’s naturalization hypothesis for land vertebrates using two new phylogenies inferred for native and introduced reptiles in California and Florida. I then used boosted regression trees (BRT) to infer the relative contribution of each factor to species establishment success. Results from the BRTs were incorporated into a user-friendly spreadsheet model for use by assessors inexperienced in complex modelling techniques. Introduction effort was found to be the strongest contributor to establishment success. Furthermore, species with short juvenile periods were more likely to establish than species that started breeding later, as were species with more distant relatives in regional biotas. Average climate match and life form were also important. Of the herpetofaunal groups, frogs and lizards were most likely to establish, while snakes and turtles established at much lower rates, though analysis of all recorded herpetofaunal introductions shows slightly different patterns. Predictions made by the BRT model to independent data were relatively poor, though this is unlikely to be unique to this study and can be partially explained by missing data. Though numerous uncertainties remain in this field, many can be lessened by applying case by case rules rather than generalising across all herpetofaunal groups. The purpose for import and potential trade volume of a species will influence the threat it poses. Considering this in conjunction with a species’ environmental tolerances and previous success of species with similar life histories, should provide a reasonable and defendable estimate of establishment risk. Finally, a brief summary of the potential impacts of introduced alien herpetofauna is provided in the thesis.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Indringer spesies hou ‘n al groter bedreiging in vir die biodiversiteit, handel en landbou van Suid- Afrika. Alhoewel uitheemse reptiele en amfibieërs (herpetofauna) tans nie ‘n groot bedreiging in Suid-Afrika is nie, dui groeiende probleme wêreldwyd asook 'n toename in plaaslike handel op moontlike toekomstige probleme. In hierdie tesis, ondersoek ek praktiese metodes vir risikobepaling wat onder nasionale wetgewing toegepas kan word. Ek begin deur die verskille in stoor van rekords en wetgewing tussen provinsies te dokumenteer. Hierdie proses het ernstige tekortkominge uitgewys, wat pogings om akkurate inventarisse saam te stel en invoertendense te bepaal, bemoeilik. Internasionale handelsdata het egter getoon dat daar ‘n eksponensiële toename in die hoeveelheid invoere na Suid-Afrika oor die laaste 30 jaar was. Die hoeveelheid spesies in hierdie handel is belangrik omdat spesies wat in groot hoeveelhede ingevoer word, ‘n hoër vestigingsrisiko het. In Suid-Afrika is ‘n tendens gevind vir handel in giftige en duur spesies teen lae hoeveelhede, terwyl spesies wat maklik teel, maklik hanteer kan word en kleurvol is of mooi patrone het, in groter hoeveelhede mee handel gedryf word. Kalifornië and Florida, in teenstelling met Suid-Afrika, het ‘n hoë aantal goed-gedokumenteerde gevalle van herpetofauna wat in die natuur vrygestel is. Hierdie introduksies was gebruik om die rol van verskeie belangrike faktore in die vestiging van populasies te bepaal. Eerstens het ek die rol van elke faktor apart ondersoek. Ek het verskillende benaderinge vir bioklimatiese model-bou ondersoek, die akuraatheid van verskillende bronne van distribusiedata getoets en drie metodes om ‘n “climate match score” te bereken, voorgestel. Ek bied ook die eerste toets van Darwin se naturalisasie-hipotese vir landwerveldiere aan, deur gebruik te maak van twee nuwe filogenieë wat ek gebou het vir inheemse en ingevoerde reptiele in Kalifornië en Florida. Ek het verder gebruik gemaak van “boosted regression trees” (BRT) om die relatiewe bydrae van elke faktor tot die vestigings-potensiaal van spesies te bepaal. Resultate van hierdie BRTs was ingekorporeerd in ‘n gebruikersvriendelike ontledingstaat wat deur bestuurders, onervare in komplekse modelboutegnieke, gebruik kan word. Invoer-hoeveelheid was die faktor wat die sterktste bygedra het tot suksesvolle vestiging. Verder is spesies met kort jeugperiodes en dié met verlangse familie in streeks-biotas, meer geskik om suksesvol te vestig. Gemiddelde klimaatooreenstemming en lewensvorm was ook belangrik. Paddas en akkedisse was die mees waarskynlikste van die herpetofauna groepe om populasies te vestig, terwyl slange en skilpaaie teen laer tempo’s populasies gevestig het, alhoewel analise van alle gedokumenteerde gevalle van herpetofauna-invoerings wêreldwyd effens verskillende tendense toon. Voorspellings wat deur die BRT-model vir onafhangklike data gemaak is was redelik swak, alhoewel hierdie resultaat onwaarskynlik nie uniek aan die studie is nie, en word gedeeltelik verduidelik deur die gebrek aan data. Alhoewel talle onsekerhede steeds bestaan, kan dié verminder word deur geval-tot-geval reëls toe te pas eerder as om vir herpetofauna as ‘n groep te veralgemeen. Die doel van invoer en potensiële handel-volumes van ‘n spesie, sal die bedreiging wat die spesie toon, bepaal. Hierdie faktore moet saam met omgewingstoleransie en voorafgaande sukses van spesies met soortgelyke lewenswyses oorweeg word, om ‘n aanvaarbare en verdedigbare beraming van vestigingsrisiko te gee. Laastens, word ‘n kort opsomming van die effekte wat uitheemse herpetofauna mag hê, verskaf.

This thesis focuses on the process of establishing a new on-line store. The on-line store will offer bee products and beekeeping equipment. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first part is theoretical and describes all needed terms and legal requirements, necessary for an understanding of the on-line store establishment process. Necessary analysis, used for business plan preparation and complex vision evaluation of the future company, are made in second, analytical, part. The last part is oriented on the practical implementation and survivability of the project. It describes in detail how the company should work, what it should produce and how an online sale is going to work.

This thesis investigates Swedish trade promotion in Lebanon from 1920 to 1975. The aim is to increase knowledge about how actors in a small open western economy tried to develop their economic interests in an emerging market characterized by great uncertainty. Here, the promising economic outlook coincided with a high degree of political instability. The study analyzes the interactions between Swedish trade related authorities, organizations and companies in their efforts to develop Swedish business interests in Lebanon: a developing country in a conflict-affected area with potentially large and emerging markets, where the cultural distance to Sweden was significant. In this study a model, which is known as the Uppsala model, forms an analytical interpretative framework for studying the actions and strategies of the trade related authorities and organizations despite the model's specific perspective on the establishment process of firms abroad. Based on the taxonomy, which is the basis of this interpretative model, this interpretative framwork has been possible to apply because of the assumed interactions between trade related authorities/organizations and companies when establishing commercial presence in new markets. The assumption is that the trade related authorities and organizations enhance for companies in various ways, while there is an economic-political interest that the state strives to reach by encouraging companies to set up business in new markets. By using this model, the events have been systematized through a historical generalization and periodization of Swedish trade promotion and organization. Added with the type of knowledge development that has taken place. In this way, the role of authorities and organizations in trade promotion and organizational build-up abroad has been highlighted. The results show that Swedish trade promotion attempts and organization in Lebanon took place in close cooperation with Swedish trade related authorities and organizations through their information inflows. In practice the companies' needs for information and assistance were reflected in the work that has been exercised by the authorities and organizations. By playing an important role in information building, escalating network positions and at the same time providing the companies with specific information, the trade related authorities and organizations became key actors in the development of Swedish trade relations with Lebanon. The study concludes that new perspectives can be obtained by including trade related authorities and organizations when using the Uppsala model in future studies.<br>Denna avhandling studerar svenska handelsfrämjande åtgärder i Libanon 1920-1975. Syftet är att öka kunskapen om hur aktörer i en liten öppen västekonomi försökte utveckla sina ekonomiska intressen på en ny framväxande marknad präglad av stor osäkerhet, där lovande ekonomiska utsikter sammanföll med en hög grad av politisk instabilitet. I studien analyseras samspelet mellan svenska handelsrelaterade myndigheter, organisationer och företag i deras strävan att utveckla svenska handels- och affärsintressen i Libanon: ett land som betraktas här som ett utvecklingsland i ett konfliktdrabbat område med potentiellt stora och nya marknader med ett betydande kulturellt avstånd till Sverige. I studien utgör den så kallade Uppsalamodellen den analytiska tolkningsramen för att studera myndigheternas och intresseorganisationernas agerande och strategier, trots att modellens perspektiv bygger på företagens utlandsetablering. Med utgångspunkt i den taxonomi som är grunden i modellen har denna tolkningsram varit möjlig på grund av det samspel som antas finnas mellan företag och myndigheter, särskilt när det gäller etablerandet av en affärsmässig närvaro på en ny och osäker marknad. Antaganden är att myndigheterna på olika sätt underlättar för företagen, samtidigt som det finns ett statligt ekonomisk-politiskt intresse att få företag att etablera sig på nya marknader. Med hjälp av modellen har händelseförloppen systematiserats genom en historisk generalisering och periodisering av svenska handelsfrämjande åtgärder med avseende på organisation och den typ av kunskapsuppbyggnad som skett. Därmed belyses också myndigheternas och organisationernas roll vid företagsetableringar i utlandet. Resultaten visar att företagsetableringsförsöken och organisationen av svensk handel i Libanon skedde i nära samarbete mellan svenska myndigheter och organisationer genom utbyte av information. I praktiken avspeglades företagens behov av information och hjälp i myndigheternas och organisationernas arbete. I och med att myndigheterna/organisationerna deltog i informationsuppbyggnaden, skapandet av nätverkspositioner och samtidigt förmedlade information mellan företagen var dessa betingade som centrala aktörer vid etableringen av svenska handelsförbindelser med Libanon. Studiens slutsats är att nya perspektiv gällande företagsetableringar på utländska marknader kan erhållas genom att inkludera myndigheters och organisationers agerande vid tillämpningen av Uppsala modellen i framtida studier.

<p>This thesis rewievs present day research on the settlement of Östra Aros in central Sweden. The thesis deals with the period from late Iron age to about 1270 AD, when the Swedish archdiocese moved to the already existing early-medieval settlement of Östra Aros, thus becoming the medieval town of Uppsala. The basis of the thesis is the study of a variety of source materials, such as artefact studies, runestones, topography and the prehistoric and early medieval hinterland. The thesis centers on archaeological excavation data and dating of settlement structures, particularly focusing on the settlements establishment. Through a critical review of primarily the written record and the archaeological data, the settlements characteristics and functions are discussed, emphasising when and if the settlement could be described as a town, central- or trading place.</p>

[Truncated abstract] The analysis and subsequent interpretation of trace evidence is of paramount importance to the forensic scientist. While a variety of methods are available to facilitate comparison between recovered and control samples, the use of a specific analytical method depends upon both the physical and chemical nature of the material itself and the material to which it is to be compared. Elemental analysis of evidentiary material is one such method of sample comparison and has been extensively applied to this purpose following the introduction of neutron activation analysis in the early 1960s. However, over the last 15 years, another instrumental technique has taken centre stage in the analytical armoury of the forensic scientist: laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The modification and adaptation of this technique, to a point where it is possible to distinguish between glass materials produced only hours apart on the same production line, is detailed in this thesis. Additional protocols have also been developed for the analysis of fibreglass and plastic crime scene debris. Finally, a method for quantification of elemental concentrations in headlamp plastics has also been developed to facilitate inter-comparison of data between both different analytical techniques and different laboratories. Glass material is one of the most common varieties of trace evidence and the forensic examination of glass traditionally involves the determination of its refractive index (RI). ... The analytical protocol involves the analysis of 46 analytes on material comprising the exterior surface of the lens. Using this data, it was found that although minor variations in elemental composition exist within a single headlamp lens, discrimination between lenses produced from a single manufacturing plant over a short period of time could still be achieved. Discrimination between all headlamp lenses, with the exception of some lenses produced on the same day, could be facilitated using the analytical protocol developed. Furthermore, an interpretational protocol has been developed that has successfully classified all unknown headlamp lens samples investigated in this study, within the discrimination limits of the analytical method. The semi-quantitative analysis of glass and plastic samples has also been examined using LA-ICP-MS. The concentrations of 16 analytes in container and float glass samples were determined. However, the levels of discrimination afforded by the semi-quantitative data were inferior to those achieved using qualitative data. Finally, a series of plastic-based standards, containing 25 analytes of known concentrations, was produced. Using these standards, relative concentrations of the study analytes were determined in polycarbonate headlamp lenses. Interpretation of the data produced made it possible to discriminate between all study samples. Consequently, the total analytical and interpretational protocol developed in this study has established the foundation for LA-ICP-MS to be adopted internationally as a recognised method for the analysis of plastic crime scene debris.

Det svenska transportsystemet är i dagsläget till stor del fossilberoende och efterfrågan på transporter förväntas öka det närmaste decennierna. En ökad efterfrågan på transporter genererar i sin tur ökade utsläpp, vilket medför negativa effekter på människors hälsa men även på miljön. För att nå uppsatta klimatmål måste trenden om ständigt ökade trafikvolymer brytas. Samhällsplanering och beteendeförändringar av det mer kraftfulla slaget är nödvändigt för att kunna skapa ett hållbart transportsystem. All utbyggnad av transportinfrastrukturen innebär långsiktiga konsekvenser, dels på grund av den omfattande påverkan det har på städers och regioners struktur men också för att de leder till ett ökat bilresande och därmed större klimatpåverkan. Drivkraften för externa handelsetableringar är stark, och det finns fortfarande många förespråkare som menar att dessa etableringar behövs för att utöka kommuners konkurrenskraft. När externa handelsområden och köpcentrum etableras ökar det totala trafikarbetet med personbil, vilket har en direkt proportionell ökning av koldioxidutsläpp. I Sverige finns inga politiska krav på hur planering av externa och halvexterna handelsetableringar ska utformas, och kommunerna är inte heller skyldiga att upprätta några policys kring dessa etableringar. Detta examensarbete har genom kvalitativa intervjuer med nyckelpersoner i Gävleborgs län undersökt vilka drivkrafter och attityder som finns hos kommunerna vad gäller utveckling och planering av externa och halvexterna handelsetableringar. Ämnet har analyserats utifrån perspektiven tillgänglighet och hållbar utveckling, med stöd från det regionala hållbarhetsmålet om en fossilfri fordonsflotta år 2030, samt den svenska klimatlagen. Det som framkommit under intervjuerna är att det inte finns någon direkt drivkraft hos kommunerna att etablera nya externa handelsområden, men att det finns en vilja att fortsätta utveckla de redan existerande handelsområdena då dessa är viktiga för den lokala tillväxten. I Gävleborgs län prioriteras personbilen och är det vanligaste transportmedlet till länets externa och halvexterna handelsområden. Kommunerna arbetar med att förbättra tillgängligheten med kollektivtrafik, cykel och gång, men trots detta finns uppenbara brister och en medvetenhet om svårigheterna att få hållbara resemedel att bli de dominerande transportsätten till dessa områden. Mer kraftfulla metoder och åtgärder inom samhällsplanering och beteendeförändringar är nödvändigt för att kunna skapa ett hållbart transportsystem. Det kan uppnås genom att kombinera olika styrmedel och att förbättra samverkan inom såväl kommunerna som regionen i helhet.<br>The current Swedish transportation system is depending on fossil fuels and the demand for transportation is expected to increase in the coming decades. This will lead to increased emissions of greenhouse gases and other airborne pollutants, which have negative impacts both on human health and the environment. In order to achieve the national climate targets, the trend of constantly increasing traffic volumes must be slowed down. In order to create a sustainable transport system, radical changes in both community planning and behavioral changes are going to be necessary. All expansion of the transport infrastructure has long- term consequences, partly because of its extensive impact on the structure of cities and regions, but also because they can cause increased car travel and generate greater climate impacts. External trade agreements and the strive towards economic growth has a strong influence on traffic planning in the Swedish municipalities. When suburban retail districts and shopping centers are established, the total amount car traffic increases, which leads to increased carbon dioxide emissions. In Sweden, there are no political rules or guidelines on how external trade establishments should be planned, nor are the municipalities obliged to establish any such policies. Through a series of qualitative interviews with people in position of policy making in Gävleborg County, the present thesis investigated the driving forces and attitudes that exist in the municipalities regarding the development and planning of external establishments. The topic has been analyzed from the perspective of accessibility and sustainable development, supported by the regional sustainability goal of a fossil-free vehicle fleet in 2030, and the Swedish climate law. What emerged during the interviews is that there is no direct impetus for the municipalities to establish new external trade areas, but that there is a willingness to continue to develop the already existing ones, as they are deemed important for local growth. In the regional traffic planning, the passenger car is given priority, since it is the most commonly used means of transportation to and from the county’s suburban shopping districts. The municipalities are working to improve accessibility by public transport, bicycle and walking, but there is an awareness of the difficulties in making sustainable forms of travel the dominant transportation to these areas. More powerful methods and measures in community planning and behavior change are necessary to create a sustainable transport system. This can be achieved by combining different instruments and improving collaboration within both the municipalities and the region.

by Cheung Him-wah, Tam Sui-leung.<br>Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1991.<br>Bibliography: leaves 62-63.<br>SUMMARY --- p.ii<br>CONTENTS --- p.iii<br>CHAPTER<br>Chapter 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1<br>Chapter 1.1 --- Economic Situation of Hong Kong --- p.1<br>Chapter 1.2 --- Economic Situation of China --- p.2<br>Chapter 1.3 --- The Feasibility Study --- p.3<br>Chapter 1.4 --- Supporting Arguments --- p.4<br>Chapter 2 --- METHODOLOGY --- p.7<br>Chapter 2.1 --- Market Demand Analysis --- p.7<br>Chapter 2.2 --- Location Selection Analysis 一 Part I --- p.7<br>Chapter 2.3 --- Location Selection Analysis 一 Part II --- p.8<br>Chapter 2.4 --- Form of Investment Analysis --- p.8<br>Chapter 2.5 --- Cash Flow Analysis --- p.9<br>Chapter 2.6 --- Flow Chart --- p.9<br>Chapter 3 --- MARKET DEMAND ANALYSIS --- p.10<br>Chapter 3.1 --- Types of Product --- p.10<br>Chapter 3.2 --- Forecasting Methodologies --- p.11<br>Chapter 3.3 --- Demand Forecasting --- p.12<br>Chapter 4 --- PRELIMINARY SELECTION OF LOCATION --- p.18<br>Chapter 4.1 --- Background --- p.18<br>Chapter 4.2 --- Shenzhen Special Economic Zone --- p.19<br>Chapter 4.3 --- Huichow --- p.21<br>Chapter 4.4 --- Shantou Special Economic Zone --- p.23<br>Chapter 4.5 --- Guangzhou 一 Guangzhou Economic & Technology Developing Zone --- p.24<br>Chapter 4.6 --- Hainan Special Economic Zone --- p.26<br>Chapter 4.7 --- Zhuhai - The West Economic Developing District --- p.28<br>Chapter 4.8 --- First-round Conclusion --- p.30<br>Chapter 5 --- FORMS OF INVESTMENT --- p.33<br>Chapter 5.1 --- Background --- p.33<br>Chapter 5.2 --- Compensation Trade --- p.33<br>Chapter 5.3 --- Joint Exploration and Exploitation --- p.35<br>Chapter 5.4 --- Equity Joint Venture --- p.35<br>Chapter 5.5 --- Contractual Joint Venture --- p.37<br>Chapter 5.6 --- Wholly Foreign Owned Enterprise --- p.38<br>Chapter 5.7 --- Comparisons of the Three Forms of Investment --- p.39<br>Chapter 5.8 --- Final Selection of Investment Form --- p.41<br>Chapter 6 --- COST ANALYSIS AND CASH FLOW ANALYSIS --- p.43<br>Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction of Cost Analysis --- p.43<br>Chapter 6.2 --- Cash Flow Analysis --- p.53<br>Chapter 6.3 --- Net Present Value Analysis --- p.58<br>Chapter 7 --- CONCLUSION --- p.60<br>APPENDEX I<br>APPENDIX II<br>APPENDIX III<br>APPENDIX IV<br>BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.62

碩士<br>樹德科技大學<br>經營管理研究所<br>94<br>Abstract Since the collapse of Soviet Union in 1989, the cold war between Soviet Union and America had eliminated, the international trade between Taiwan and EU enlarged countries has risen rapidly. In this study, “EU enlarged countries” means those ex-socialism countries which were used to be part of the Soviet Union in the past, and jointed as a EU member state during 1 May 2004. However, due to the difference in social conditions between each nation, they have adopted a different policy in economy reformation. In fact, economy reformation is not merely an economic issue. It comprised of other complicated issues, such as political issues and issues concerning social stabilities. Furthermore, there are problems related to the risk of transaction cost as well as the difference in the stage of economic development in each nation. (e.g. not every nations are in the growing stage). As a result of these situations, it is not possible for each of these nations within the region to bring a positive contribution to the trade growth with Taiwan constantly. For the above reasons, this study aims to examine the major changes of each nations (within the EU enlarged countries) from the beginning of their economy reformation in past to the present. Moreover, this study will provide an anticipation on the trend of international trade between Taiwan and those concern nations. This study is based on merchandise trade data collected from Customs Office of ROC (from January 1995 to July 2005). This study adopted the time series ARIMA model as a research framework. This is to establish an import ARIMA Model, export ARIMA model, in order to prove, anticipate and analyze the international trade between Taiwan and EU enlarged countries. The study result shows that the import and export ARIMA model fits with the theatrical requirements. The result also fount out that Lithuania export, Latvia export, Poland export, Czech import and Czech export have reached accurate standard. While Slovenia export, Hungary import, Lithuania import, Slovakia export, Hungary export, Estonia export, Estonia import, Slovakia import and Slovenia import have reached reasonable standard. Lastly, Poland import and Latvia import are classified as incorrect. 【Keywords】: EU enlarged countries, time series, ARIMA model

碩士<br>元智大學<br>管理碩士在職專班<br>105<br>In recent years, China's rapid economic development, cross-strait relations have been alleviated, exchanges and cooperation of the pipeline greatly open up, especially in June 2010 the two sides signed the "cross-strait economic cooperation framework agreement" (referred to as ECFA), then "cross-strait financial Supervision and cooperation memorandum "(referred to as MOU)," cross-strait investment protection "signed one by one, so that cross-strait trade and industry cooperation more frequent and deepening. But the lack of mutual trust on the cross-strait, ECFA follow-up negotiations and negotiations slow progress, especially in March 18, 2014 Taiwan outbreak of sunflowers and November 29, 2014 the ruling party nine united election defeat, the cross-strait economic development suffered severe challenges. December 31, 2014, the State Council formally approved the establishment of China (Fujian) free trade pilot area. April 21, 2015, Fujian Free Trade Area in Fuzhou City Mawei District was formally established. China (Fujian) Free Trade Experimental Zone has since become China's mainland since the Shanghai Free Trade Zone after the second batch of free trade pilot area. According to the official position of the Chinese mainland, the Fujian Free Trade Area "is based on deepening cross-strait economic cooperation" and "striving to strengthen the industrial cooperation between Fujian and Taiwan and innovate cross-strait service cooperation mode so as to radiate the economic development on the west side of the Straits".

M. Tech. Business Administration<br>Malls posed some threat to traditional retailers, but many retailers defended successfully by using niche, differentiation and customer focus strategies to dodge and defend competition from the malls. These strategies were however, weakened by new forms of competition which emerged from new retailers who located their businesses in the residential area of Soshanguve. Most of these new retailers were from other African countries in origin mostly from Somalia. It was not clear how these new retailers managed to attract a significant size of the market. This study attempted to investigate the threat of emerging shopping malls established inside Soshanguve as competitors of the traditional retailers of the township, which are mostly small in size. The study further investigated the causes of failure of many such traditional retailers and the development of robust strategies they could adopt in order to offset this new competition.

碩士<br>高苑科技大學<br>經營管理研究所<br>103<br>Due a halt in the WTO Doha Round of multilateral negotiations, nations are now attempting to speed up "bilateral" or "plurilateral" trade agreement negotiations. As of January 2014, nations around the globe have reached 548 free trade agreements (FTA), while there are 354 other agreements in consultations. This data reveals that the traditional international trade and investment rules are rapidly changing, and a new global trade order has been gradually forming. Under the impact of the financial turmoil, both sides of the Taiwan Strait are having slow economic developments. In 2013, the economic growth rate of Taiwan ranked at the lowest of the Asian Tigers, only amounting 2.11%; in the other hand, mainland China, though still putting up a strong number of 7.7%, had its lowest growth rate in fourteen years. To effectively accelerate the processes of globalization and liberalization through adjusting the industrial structure, the two parties have been promoting experimental projects of free economy (trade) areas. Keywords：World Trade Organization (WTO), Free Trade Agreement (FTA), SWOT Analysis Model

碩士<br>國立雲林科技大學<br>工業設計系<br>102<br>This study use literature and historical data collection and Interview Survey, to explore reasons for the 1980s and 1990s established design center for the promotion of “China External Trade Development Council”(CETRA), organization development context evolution and promotion activities. First, this study collected relevant preliminary studies, results reporting magazines, books and related activities such as literature; then prevailing unit members for a total of eight respondents intersection of oral history and the mutual corroboration than clarify its organization development, and related business activities, such as historical facts. Finally, to further explore its era mission, the impact of activity patterns, as well as the relevance of the economic pulse of today's "Taiwan Design Center" set up. The results of this study found that 16 March 1979, CETRA set up a " Industrial Design Promotion Center " continuation "ROC industrial design and packaging center" after the closure of the design promotion. Preliminary design industrial design group, packaging design group, only seven members. The end of the same year, another additional packaging test group and integrated services group, providing export industry, product design, packaging, trademarks, corporate identity systems, such as design guidance, counseling and other services. 1981, in Taipei set up packaging tests, and in 1983 set up branch in Taichung and Kaohsiung, providing export industry package testing services. January 22, 1990, the business was amplified and international affairs, the unit changed its name to "Design Promotion Centre" and expanded to industrial design group, commercial design group, packaging design group, the international design team, design development group, integrated business groups, etc. After 1992, have set up "Taipei design center" in Düsseldorf, Milan, Osaka and San Francisco. 2004, in response to the government "Challenge 2008: National Development Plan" to promote the cultural and creative industries, "Taiwan Design Center" and officially operational. Between 1981-1989, CETRA important design promotional activities, " Industrial Design Promotion Center " 1980 OEM industry in response to the recession advantage patterns, product plagiarism in vogue circumstances, the establishment of the initial positive seminars, workshops, lectures and Compilation , and held "good designselection", "The Product and Package Design Exhibition of Taiwan University and Colleges" (1989 changed its name to "Young Designers` Exhibition"), major events, "Taipei International Design Interaction", "National Design Interaction", etc., laid in the 1980s basic industrial transformation and design development. After 1990, in response to the design of international promotion, implementation of a "Plan for Upgrading Industrial Design", " Image Enhance Plan," " Mini-Europe Plan " and other policy-type plan, and the addition of "Taiwan Excellence selection", "national product image Award "," Top Ten national Design Award "activities, such as product selection, integration of domestic resources, strengthen the design guidance, excellent international exchange and national image building, contributed in 1995, the success of ICSID World Design Congress, promotion of Taiwan design international visibility, improve the international image of Taiwan products originally poor. However, a lot of the relocation industry since the 2000s, he led the design and promotion of export-oriented unit type transformation into an independent development of cultural and creative industries based "Taiwan Design Center". Development course designed to promote the work of the unit is worth present and future reference design promotion and development of the industry in Taiwan.

碩士<br>元智大學<br>國際企業學系<br>94<br>Abstract In order to understand the effect of the establishment of ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) to ASEAN members, other Eastern Asian countries, and Taiwan, this research did two things. First, we employed the indexes that were used in Urata and Kiyota (2003) ,Wu and Shu (2004) to examine the performance of intra-regional trade, intra industry trade and the degree of export dependence change. Moreover, when calculating those indexes, this research used panel data so that we could see variation of those indexes. We found that in Taiwan, the fishery, mining, papermaking, large-scale communication and transportation business, electron, and general manufacturing industries lose the comparative advantage because of the establishment of AFTA. In addition, we found that because of AFTA, intra-industry trade in Taiwan’s textile and food and beverage industries drops as well. To members of ASEAN, intra-industry trade is benefited by the establishment of AFTA, but some industries in certain countries are losing comparative advantage. These industries include Indonesia’s and Vietnam’s textile, papermaking, steel, electron, and general manufacturing industries. To evaluate the effects of AFTA on those economies more specifically, we use GTAP software to simulate the situation. As to the effect on Taiwan, we found that if ASEAN+3 could be established and Taiwan was excluded, then Taiwan’s welfare, export, import, and GDP growth rate will all drop. On the other hand, if Taiwan could get ASEAN membership, both Taiwan and ASEAN countries could be benefited a lot from this. Key Words : ASEAN Free Trade Area, Intra-Industry Trade, Simulation

碩士<br>國立清華大學<br>核子工程與科學研究所<br>100<br>The objectives of this thesis are to establish Lungmen PARCS model with SNAP interface, and to couple the thermal-hydraulic code TRACE for more advanced calculations in 3D core. This TH/NK calculation is believed to be a “best-estimate” calculation where the local interactions between the nuclear power plant and the core phenomena could be observed easily. In this research, three cases were analyzed using Lungmen TRACE/PARCS model: 3 RIP trip in FSAR, the SCRRI function, and the instability due to control rod perturbation. To analyze the 3 RIP trip, three power generations implemented in TRACE were used respectively, which are power table, point kinetic, and coupled to PARCS. The results from three different power generations are in good agreements with FSAR results. The SCRRI mechanism was performed under several initial conditions and different RIP runback settings, and the power reductions were found to meet the criteria as specified in the startup test procedures. The two instability modes, core-wide and out-of phase, were modeled by control rod perturbations; oscillations of reactor power and fuel assembly inlet flow can be observed. In conclusion, Lungmen TRACE/PARCS model has been completed and can be used for safety analysis. After the commercial operation of Lungmen power plant, this coupled code would be verified. In addition, the experiences of completing Lungmen PARCS model can promote the establishments of the PARCS models of other three nuclear power plants.

碩士<br>國立清華大學<br>核子工程與科學研究所<br>104<br>The objectives of this thesis is to establish a Kuosheng Mark III containment model using CONTAN, which is coupled with Kuosheng Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) model using TRACE. The result of coupled calculation was different to other researches which calculate them separately. The Kuosheng CONTAN analysis model was built up refers to FSAR and other related documents. After the model had been established, the Main Steamline Break (MSLB) transient was simulated and compared to FSAR’s results. After the CONTAN analysis, the model was coupled to Kuosheng TRACE model, and two cases, MSLB, and Feedwater Controller Failure without Bypass (FWCFNB) were used to simulate the transient in containment. Both transients caused the injection of working fluid. However, MSLB transient let the working fluid go into the drywell, and FWCFNB let it go through the SRVs, ended in the suppression pool. The result of MSLB analysis was compared to FSAR and GOTHIC’s analysis, while FWCFNB (NPP part) was compared to FSAR. The trends of the Kuosheng TRACE/CONTAN model’s result were correspond to FSAR and GOTHIC’s, which were approximately the same.

碩士<br>國立清華大學<br>核子工程與科學研究所<br>104<br>All walks of life are doubtful about the safety of nuclear power plant after the Fukushima accident. As a result, the Taipower company applies Ultimate Response Guideline(URG) to all nuclear power plants in Taiwan in a hope that reactor core damage won’t happen when any beyond design basis accident occurs. This essay uses Lumgmen TRACE model to investigate whether the URG is helpful or not to Lungmen NPP. The results reveal that cladding temperature can keep under the limit(1088 K) when URG is followed. This essay also establish an improved Lungmen TRACE/CONTAN model by containment analysis code─CONTAN. It utilizes FSAR boundary condition as well as calculates its thermal hydraulic boundary directly by TRACE to perform the main steam line break event. In a case study of FSAR boundary condition, the result of Lungmen CONTAN model coincides with that of FSAR and GOTHIC. In another case study of reactor core calculation, it has a higher temperature in the beginning and gradually decline which meets the same balance temperature of the other two codes’ results. By observing the real phenomenon, it is clear that it has experienced an energy balance process, which can’t be found in those two codes’ results. By the above-mentioned results, we can conclude that Lungmen TRACE/CONTAN model is more practical though it has a relatively high drywell temperature.

碩士<br>樹德科技大學<br>人類性學研究所<br>107<br>Though boasting for being a democratic, open, diverse and compassionate country, Taiwan poses a relatively conservative attitude toward “sex” issues. Surely, the rights of sex workers cannot be protected concerning their work rights, bodily autonomy and the right of freedom. With the laws and decrees about sex work prefecture, all the local authorities reluctantly set up such prefectures. What on earth causes such a complex? Do sex workers fail to be acknowledged? This study aims to arouse public attention to sex work prefecture through studying and analyzing literature review. By doing so, those in need can get their human needs satisfied and fulfilled. That the government does nothing but to ban it may results in unlicensed prostitute, compelling a good female to prostitute, intervention of organized crime and drugs. Through the government’s central management, the social source of chaos in the society might be under control, the transparency of unlicensed prostitute may be achieved and the government may have more financial income after the imposition of tax. Besides, the marginal sex industry and sex workers can get more compassion, respect and understanding via rigorous management policy and measures. Thus, the core values of Taiwan such as freedom, democracy, openness, diversity and compassion.

碩士<br>國立高雄第一科技大學<br>資訊管理研究所<br>101<br>Because the unstable economy in Taiwan, no matter the stock quotations is optimistic or pessimistic, the favorite investment measure for Taiwanese people is to deposit. Because of easy access to information on the Internet, investors can use more investment instruments to help them manage their money, but in the case of changes in the society, investors can’t always have the information of the latest market information and changes in the economy effectively, which make Exchange Traded Fund, similar to stock but the risk is relatively low, becomes another new choice to many investors. If the effective investment strategies are adopted, then you might invest ETF successfully, which allow you to determine if this is the right time to enter the market and get excess profits. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to guide investors to make accurate investment decisions faster and easier and then make a profit enormously. This research uses standard deviation and average net value calculated by MSCI country index, and the results are optimistic and pessimistic separately, which will help you determine if this is the right time to enter the market, and with Mr. Wang Zhong Lin’s investment method used as trading rules. Decision Support Website is on the basis of the trading rules, and it provides data for the investors, which help them make decisions. And the time of positive research is between 2003 to February 1, 2013. We can know from this research that dollar-cost averaging and lump sum using by trading rules which aimed at exchange traded funds are all positive. We can assert that MSCI country index can make positive return on investment with regard to Exchange Traded Fund effectively, and this research also proves that annualized return rate is an important reference index. Furthermore, we can learn that gorgeous emerging markets or lackluster mature markets can both make an optimistic return on investment from the calculation of the website. Hence the rules in this research meet users’ needs as investment strategies.

博士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>海洋學系<br>84<br>Column pre-concentration techniques have been used intensively for the determination of trace elements in seawater, but unfortunately most of the previous procedures were developed on the trial and error basis or simply by experience. It was the purpose of this thesis to establish a theoretical model to fit the experimental data so as to set up the optimal conditions for the pre-concentration columns. A cut-plate technique and a breakthrough experiment were employed to examine the distribution of the analyte along the column and the efficiency when applying under different ionic strengths, flow rates, column dimensions. Using these two techniques it was able to set up a basic exponential model to describe the efficiency of the pre-concentration. Two types of the pre- concentration columns were studied in the present work namely, the Chelex-100 chelating ion-exchange column and the Sep-Pak C18 adsorption cartridge. The derivation of the efficiency- prediction equations with specific mathematical coefficients for selected elements have been demonstrated. Based on the prediction of these equations, the present work has developed several ship- board pre-concentration procedures for the analysis of Cd, Cu, Co, Ni, Zn in seawater using the Chelex-100 column. Manual and automated procedures were also developed for the pre- concentrate nitrite and ferrous ions for the Sep-Pak C18 cartridge. All those methods were performed on the cruises of the R/V Ocean Researcher I to the west Philippine Sea and the South China Sea. The availability of applying the efficiency- prediction equations and the effectiveness of the recommended procedures have been fully proven. The proposed model may be regarded as a potential tool for the further development of methods for the determination of other trace materials in seawater.