Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ester glycidyle

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Ester glycidyle'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 17 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Ester glycidyle"

1

Le Thanh, Tam, Duy Nguyen Thanh, Kiet Ly Tuan, Tan Phu Minh, Hung Nguyen Quoc, and Hai Chu Van. "Simultaneous determination of fatty acid esters 2-chloro-1, 3-propandiol(2-mcpd), 3-chloro-1,2- propandiol(3-mcpd) and glycidol in vegetable oils by gas chromatography mass spectrometry GC-MS/MS." Heavy metals and arsenic concentrations in water, agricultural soil, and rice in Ngan Son district, Bac Kan province, Vietnam 2, no. 3 (September 27, 2019): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.47866/2615-9252/vjfc.78.

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The food contaminants including 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD) and 3-MCPD fatty acid esters have been a matter of great concern in the past few years due to their toxicity and their occurrence in numerous foods. Recently, significant amounts of the isomeric compounds 2-chloro-1,3-propanediol (2-MCPD) fatty acid esters have been detected in refined oil samples. Gas Chromatography (GC) coupled with mass spectroscopy (MS) was used for the quantification of fatty acid esters of 2-Chloro-1,3-propandiol (2-MCPD), 3-Chloro-1,2- propandiol (3-MCPD) and glycidol in oil. Internal standards including 3-MCPD-ester-d5 (rac 1,2-bis-palmitoyl-3-chloropropanediol-d5), 2-MCPD-ester-d5 (1,3-Distearoyl-2- chloropropanediol-d5) and Glycidyl sterate-d5 were added to samples. Spiked samples were, then, incubated in NaBr/H2SO4 and H2SO4/MeOH solutions. They were, eventually, extracted with ethyl acetate and n-hexane solvents in order to convert Glycidyl esters to free MCPD and glycidol in samples before using phenylboronic acid derivative. The limit of quantitation was of 0.1 ppm (mg/kg). The recoveries at the concentration of 0.1 mg/kg ranged from 80 to 120% and the repeatability and reproducibility were less than 10%.
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Shimamura, Yuko, Ryo Inagaki, Hiroshi Honda, and Shuichi Masuda. "Does External Exposure of Glycidol-Related Chemicals Influence the Forming of the Hemoglobin Adduct, N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)valine, as a Biomarker of Internal Exposure to Glycidol?" Toxics 8, no. 4 (December 13, 2020): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics8040119.

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Glycidyl fatty acid esters (GE) are constituents of edible oils and fats, and are converted into glycidol, a genotoxic substance, in vivo. N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)valine (diHOPrVal), a hemoglobin adduct of glycidol, is used as a biomarker of glycidol and GE exposure. However, high background levels of diHOPrVal are not explained by daily dietary exposure to glycidol and GE. In the present study, several glycidol-related chemicals (glycidol, (±)-3-chloro-1,2-propanediol, glycidyl oleate, epichlorohydrin, propylene oxide, 1-bromopropane, allyl alcohol, fructose, and glyceraldehyde) that might be precursors of diHOPrVal, were administered to mice, and diHOPrVal formation from each substance was examined with LC-MS/MS. DiHOPrVal was detected in animals treated with glycidol and glycidyl oleate but not in mice treated with other chemicals (3-MCPD, epichlorohydrin, propylene oxide, 1-bromopropane, allyl alcohol, fructose, and glyceraldehyde). The amount of diHOPrVal per administered dose produced from other chemicals was negligible compared to the amounts associated with dietary glycidol and GE. The present study provides important knowledge for exploring other sources for internal exposure to glycidol.
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Goh, Kok Ming, Yu Hua Wong, Faridah Abas, Oi Ming Lai, Masni Mat Yusoff, Tai Boon Tan, Yonghua Wang, Imeddedine Arbi Nehdi, and Chin Ping Tan. "Changes in 3-, 2-Monochloropropandiol and Glycidyl Esters during a Conventional Baking System with Addition of Antioxidants." Foods 9, no. 6 (June 4, 2020): 739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9060739.

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Shortening derived from palm oil is widely used in baking applications. However, palm oil and the related products are reported to contain high levels of monochloropropandiol (MCPD) ester and glycidyl ester (GE). MCPD and glycidol are known as process contaminants, which are carcinogenic and genotoxic compounds, respectively. The objective was to evaluate the effects of antioxidant addition in palm olein and stearin to the content of MCPD esters and GE in baked cake. Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), rosemary extract and tocopherol were used to fortify the samples at 200 mg/kg and in combinations (400, 600 and 800 mg/kg rosemary or tocopherol combined with 200 mg/kg BHA). The MCPD esters and GE content, radical formation and the quality of the fats portion were analyzed. The results showed that palm olein fortified with rosemary extract yielded less 2-MCPD ester. The GE content was lower when soft stearin was fortified with rosemary. ESR spectrometry measurements showed that the antioxidants were effective to reduce radical formation. The synergistic effects of combining antioxidants controlled the contaminants formation. In conclusion, oxidation stability was comparable either in the single or combined antioxidants. Tocopherol in combination with BHA was more effective in controlling the MCPD esters and GE formation.
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Azmi, N. N. A. N., Y. H. Leong, T. C. Tan, and M. Y. Ang. "Monochloropropanediols (MCPD) esters and glycidyl esters (GE) in infant formulas and challenges of palm oil industry in Malaysia: a review." Food Research 5, no. 1 (February 13, 2021): 488–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.5(1).503.

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Infant formula is an exclusive diet that offers the requisite nutrients for infants up to 6 months prior to the introduction of solids in their diet. Vegetable oils in infant formulas that serve as a source of fat could be contamination of monochloropropanediols (MCPD) and glycidol. The toxicity of MCPD and glycidol was highlighted in several studies implied health risk for exposed children, especially with their low body weight. This paper reviewed the occurrence of MCPD and glycidyl esters in infant formulas marketed in various countries, including risk assessment and associated estimated dietary exposure. From the selected studies published between 2015 to 2019, the presence of the contaminants was detected, but their concentrations decreased over the years indicating a low potential health risk to infants. These have been linked to the success of the vegetable oil producers' implementation of mitigation strategies. The paper also discusses the infant formula market in Malaysia, as well as the association of the use of palm oil in infant and follow-up formula in the Malaysian market. As one of the largest producers and exporters of palm oil and palm oil by-products, Malaysia is taking serious steps and the mitigation strategies it is exercising to reduce the level of MCPD and glycidol to comply with the regulation proposed by the European Commission. However, more studies are needed to gain a clearer view of the association between the use of palm oil in infant formulas and the occurrence of MCPD esters and glycidols, as well as their risk assessment.
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Nguyễn Thành, Duy, Tâm Lê Thanh, Kiệt Lý Tuấn, Tấn Phú Minh, Hùng Nguyễn Quốc, and Hải Chu Vân. "Xác định đồng thời nhóm Acid béo 2-Chloro-1,3-Propandiol (2-MCPD), 3-Chloro-1,2-propandiol (3-MCPD) và glycidol trong dầu thực vật bằng sắc ký khí ghép khối phổ GC-MS/MS." Heavy metals and arsenic concentrations in water, agricultural soil, and rice in Ngan Son district, Bac Kan province, Vietnam 2, no. 3 (September 27, 2019): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.47866/2615-9252/vjfc.715.

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Trong những năm gần đây, một số chất gây ô nhiễm thực phẩm như 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD) và ester acid béo 3-MCPD đã được tìm thấy trong nhiều loại thực phẩm. Trong đó, một lượng đáng kể các hợp chất acid béo 2-chloro-1,3-propanediol (2-MCPD) đã được phát hiện trong các loại dầu tinh chế. Kỹ thuật sắc ký khí ghép khối phổ được sử dụng để định lượng các acid béo dạng ester bao gồm 2-Chloro-1,3-propandiol (2-MCPD), 3-Chloro-1,2-propandiol (3-MCPD) và glycidol trong dầu. Mẫu được chuẩn bị bằng cách sử dụng các nội chuẩn bao gồm 3-MCPD-ester-d5 (rac 1,2-bis-palmitoyl- 3-chloropropanediol-d5), 2-MCPD-ester-d5 (1,3-Distearoyl-2-chloropropanediol-d5) và Glycidyl sterate-d5, tiến hành 2 bước ủ mẫu bằng dung dịch NaBr/H2SO4 và H2SO4/MeOH, trích ly với dung môi ethyl acetate, n-hexan để chuyển đổi Glycidyl ester thành MCPD và glycidol dạng tự do trong mẫu trước khi sử dụng dẫn xuất phenylboronic acid. Giới hạn định lượng là 0,1 mg/kg tương ứng, hiệu suất thu hồi ở nồng độ 0,1 mg/kg khoảng 80 - 120% với độ lặp lại và độ tái lập thấp hơn 10%.
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Bognár, Erzsébet, Gabriella Hellner, Andrea Radnóti, László Somogyi, and Zsolt Kemény. "Formation of Glycidyl Esters During The Deodorization of Vegetable Oils." Hungarian Journal of Industry and Chemistry 46, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hjic-2018-0021.

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Abstract Glycidyl esters are foodborne contaminants formed during the production of fats and oils, especially during the deodorization of palm oil. The hydrolyzed free form of glycidol has been categorized as probably carcinogenic to humans by the World Health Organization’s International Agency for Research on Cancer. The aim of this research was to study the formation of glycidyl esters during the lab-scale deodorization of the three most widely produced seed oils in the world (sunflower, rapeseed and soybean). The effects of two independent factors – temperature and residence time – were analyzed by a 32 full factorial experimental design and evaluated by response surface methodology. In accordance with findings in the literature, the greatest amount of glycidyl esters was formed in the soybean oil matrix. For all three oils, the effects of both residence time and temperature were significant, while the latter was more so. To reduce the formation of glycidyl esters, milder deodorization is required, which is limited because of the purposes sought by the thermal operation and removal of volatile minor components and contaminants.
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Dubois, Mathieu, Anna-Maria Empl, Greg Jaudzems, Quentin Basle, and Erik Konings. "Determination of 2- and 3-MCPD as well as 2- and 3-MCPD Esters and Glycidyl Esters (GE) in Infant and Adult/Pediatric Nutritional Formula by Gas Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry Method, First Action 2018.03." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 102, no. 3 (May 1, 2019): 903–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.18-0266.

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Abstract Background: Monochloropropanediol (MCPD) and its fatty acid esters as well as glycidyl fatty acid esters are substances generated during oil refining or food processing. The free form released during digestion, 3-MCPD and glycidol, have shown adverse effects in animal studies. Objective: So far, the available analytical methods have not been validated in a collaborative study for infant and adult nutritional formulas. This manuscript describes a single-laboratory validation method in view of a future multilaboratory validation trial. Methods: The method described is for the direct determination of 2- and 3-MCPD and indirect determination of 2- and 3-MCPD esters and glycidyl esters in infant and adult/pediatric nutritional formulas by GC coupled to MS. Results: The analytical range was found to be 4–2000 μg/kg powder formula and 0.7–333 μg/kg liquid formula for fatty acid esters of MCPD and glycidol, and 2.5–750 μg/kg samples for free MCPD. The recovery rates were within 91–124% for all samples. Repeatability precision was <20% at levels close to the LOQ. Conclusions: The results met the Standard Method Performance Requirements® (SMPR) set by the AOAC Stakeholder Panel on Infant Formula and Adult Nutritionals. Highlights: The AOAC Expert Review Panel approved the present method as AOAC Official First Action 2018.03.
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Yıldırım, A., and A. Yorulmaz. "The effect of rosemary extract on 3-MCPD and glycidyl esters during frying." Grasas y Aceites 69, no. 4 (October 5, 2018): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/gya.0347181.

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The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of rosemary extract (Rosmarinus Officinalis L.) on the 3-MCPD and glycidyl ester contents during deep-fat frying. Firstly, the potato samples were soaked in different concentrations of NaCl and they were fried in sunflower oils containing different concentrations of rosemary extract. Subsequently, repeated frying was carried out with sunflower oil enriched with rosemary extract. The frying oil and the oil extracted from potato samples were analyzed in terms of the contents of 3-MCPD and glycidyl esters according to DGF C VI 18 (10) method. The results demonstrated that the content of 3-MCPD and glycidyl esters in frying oil was not significantly affected by different NaCl and rosemary extract concentrations during short term frying; however, the amount of 3-MCPD esters was found to be lower for the potato crisps enriched with rosemary extract during repeated frying cycles.
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Kuhlmann, Jan. "2-Monochloropropanediol (2-MCPD), 3-Monochloropropanediol (3-MCPD), and Glycidol in Infant and Adult/Pediatric Nutritional Formula: Single-Laboratory Validation, First Action 2018.12." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 102, no. 4 (July 1, 2019): 1205–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.19-0026.

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Abstract Background: Fatty acid esters of glycidol, 2-Monochloropropanediol (MCPD), and 3-MCPD are heat-induced foodborne processing contaminants with possible adverse health effects. These compounds occur frequently in refined edible oils. Consequently, glycidyl esters and 2- and 3-MCPD esters might also be present in foods that contain refined edible oils. Objective: This manuscript describes the single-laboratory validation of an analytical method for the quantitative determination of glycidol, 2-MCPD, and 3-MCPD present as fatty acid esters or as free 2- or 3-MCPD in infant and adult/pediatric nutritional formula. Methods: Technically, the presented method is based on the combination of a Heat-Ultrasound Pressure-supported Solvent Extraction and a GC–MS determination of glycidol, 2-MCPD, and 3-MCPD. From a chemical perspective, the method includes an alkaline catalyzed transesterification, conversion of the unstable glycidol into monobromopropanediol, and the parallel derivatization of all analytes with phenylboronic acid. Results: Validation results showed that method linearity for all analytes in powdered and liquid infant formula ranged from 0.9981 to 0.9999 (n = 18). Repeatability relative standard deviation values for concentration levels between 1.3 μg/kg and 331 μg/kg were in the range of 1 to 12%. Relative recoveries were found to be between 93 and 107%. The analytes were quantifiable down to 5–10 μg/kg in powdered samples and 1–2 μg/kg in liquid samples. Conclusions: The reported results met actual AOAC Standard Method Performance Requirements. Highlights: In terms of consumer protection, the presented method is a novel approach for the sensitive and accurate determination of glycidol, 2-MCPD, and 3-MCPD in infant formula and related foodstuffs.
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Shimizu, Masao, Petra Weitkamp, Klaus Vosmann, and Bertrand Matthäus. "Influence of chloride and glycidyl-ester on the generation of 3-MCPD- and glycidyl-esters." European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology 115, no. 7 (May 7, 2013): 735–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.201200310.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ester glycidyle"

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KARKAB, SAID, and Jean-Claude Brosse. "Esters de glycidyle pour la synthese de derives polymeres d'acides carboxyliques." Le Mans, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LEMA1002.

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Des derives polymeres de mono- et diacides carboxyliques ont ete synthetises en utilisant leurs derives ester de glycidyle comme intermediaires reactifs. Trois voies d'acces aux esters de glycidyle ont ete envisagees reaction du chlorure d'acide avec le glycidol addition de l'acide sur l'epichlorhydrine suivie de la reformation de l'oxirane en milieu basique reaction en une etape d'un sel de tetraalkylammonium de l'acide avec l'epichlorhydrine ou l'epibromhydrine. Cette derniere methode est la plus interessante. Une variante avec le 1,8-diazabicyclo 5. 4. 0 undec-7-ene (dbu) comme capteur d'acide chlorhydrique a egalement ete testee pour la synthese de diesters de glycidyle de differents diacides. La fixation de l'acide naphtylacetique (un stimulateur de production de latex par l'hevea) a ete etudiee avec sur l'acide polymethacrylique et sur un dextrane prealablement modifie par reaction avec l'anhydride succinique. La reaction acide-epoxyde a ete etudiee sur molecules simples d'un point de vue cinetique pour en determiner les parametres thermodynamiques. Les resultats de la reaction en fonction du temps peuvent etre representes de facon satisfaisante par des equations correspondant a un ordre 2, ou 1 par rapport a l'epoxyde a condition de limiter le domaine d'application dans le cas d'une reaction avec l'epoxyde en exces. La liberation de l'acide naphtylacetique, par hydrolyse en phase heterogene a 25c, indique que la liberation est favorisee en milieu basique. La polycondensation de molecules bifonctionnelles et de leurs derives ester de glycidyle, soit entre elles, soit avec d'autres molecules bifonctionnelles, conduit a des polymeres de faible masse possedant au sein de la chaine macromoleculaire le squelette de la molecule choisie. A la difference du cas precedemment etudie, le squelette de la molecule active fait partie integrante de la chaine, de meme que la liaison hydrolysable liant la molecule au polymere
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Soutif, Jean-Claude. "Etude de l'addition des acides carboxyliques sur les structures oxiranne : application aux polymeres epoxydes." Le Mans, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LEMA1010.

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La modification chimique au deuxieme degre de polymeres epoxydes a ete etudiee pour developper une methode de fixation de principes actifs (medicaments, colorants, complexants) comportant des fonctions acides, sur des supports macromoleculaires. Le catalyseur est un sel de tetramethylammonium de l'acide a fixer. Epoxydation de polyisoprene et polybutadiene
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Hsiao, Yi-Ting, and 蕭宜庭. "Systematic modeling investigation of the formation of 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol esters and glycidyl esters in mono- and di-acylglycerol oils." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/wc27s5.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
食品科技研究所
107
Diacylglycerol oil is one of the edible oils which is mainly composed of diglycerides. It has been recognized to possess many health benefits such as reducing fat accumulation in the body. However, diglyceride and monoglyceride is the precursor of carcinogenic compounds, 3-monochloro-1,2-propanodiol ester (3-MCPD-E) and glycidyl ester (GE). In this study, monopalmitin, 1,3-dipalmitin and their mixture (20:80, 50:50 and 80:20 ratio) was heated with tetrabutylammonium chloride at various temperatures (140-220°C) and durations (5-60 min) in order to simulate thermal processing of mono- and di-acylglycerol oil. The 3-MCPD-E, GE and palmitin content was determined by GC/MS and the free chloride ion content was determined by ion chromatography. Result showed that the higher temperature resulted in higher 3-MCPD-E and GE content. 3-MCPD-E content of system heated in 220℃ for 10 minutes is already significantly higher than that heated in 180℃ for 60 minutes. Due to synergy, the 3-MCPD-E and GE content in mixture could not be calculated by synthesis condition of pure monopalmitin and 1,3-dipalmitin. In mixture, high ratio of monopalmitin showed greater tendency to form 3-MCPD-E; whereas, high ratio of 1,3-dipalmitin favored GE. Conclusively, ratio of different glyceride could be optimized to reduce 3-MCPD-E and GE formation of diglyceride oil and the condition of heating temperature and time should be carefully assessed.
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Kuo, Hsiang-Ying, and 郭湘盈. "Effects of deep frying on the contents of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol, 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters and glycidyl esters in Hash Brown." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/gb76q9.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
食品科技研究所
107
During thermal processing of food, few heat-induced contaminants are generated such as 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters (3-MCPD esters) and glycidyl esters (GEs). After intestinal hydrolysis, these esters get hydrolyzed to their free forms, 3-MCPD and glycidol, which are toxic. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies 3-MCPD and glycidol into Group 2B and 2A substances, respectively. The cause of generation of 3-MCPD esters is mainly the removal of fatty acid groups by diglycerides in high temperatures and dehydration in acidic environment in the presence of chloride ions. GEs are generated at high temperatures from mono- and diglycerides by rearrangement through charge migration and these are partially converted to 3-MCPD esters in presence of chloride ions. High-content of 3-MCPD esters and GEs are often found in refined vegetable oils, especially in palm oil. Deep frying is one of the popular methods for the preparation of foodstuff. During deep-frying of food, the loss of moisture causes oil to enter the food along with these heat-induced contaminants which increase the risk of disease in humans. In this study, the 3-MCPD esters and GEs contents in hash browns was investigated at different frying temperatures. In case of exposure to high temperature for a long time, the 3-MCPD esters and GEs contents of hash browns and palm oil have been found to decrease and no 3-MCPD was detected. This indicates that the 3-MCPD gets decomposed slowly with prolonged frying time in an open frying system. Further, it is known that the fat content of the hash brown after frying is affected by the frying temperature and time, hence, its 3-MCDP esters and GEs content increases with the oil absorption. Moreover, as hash brown contains sodium chloride, it supplies the chloride ions as reactants to frying-oil system and proceeds the reaction. The moisture of hash brown evaporates at high temperatures. The hydrolysis increases the content of free fatty acids, monoglycerides and diglycerides and the increase in acidity results in deterioration of oil. Theoretically, the increase in acid value increases the reactivity of 3-MCPD esters, but in the present study, it was found to result in a slower degradation of 3-MCPD esters in palm oil at 200°C. To sum up, this study aims to evaluate the generation and deterioration of heat-induced contaminants in hash brown during frying process. The optimum frying temperature of hash brown was found to be 180℃.
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Reshmi, S. "Investigations on Azide Functional Polymers as Binders for Solid Propellants." Thesis, 2014. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/2005/3506.

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This thesis contains investigations in the area of polymers herein propellants binders are modified functionally to meet the requirements of future energetic propellants. Chapter 1 contains a broad introduction to the area of recent advances in solid propellants and the numerous applications of ‘Click Chemistry’. Chapters 2 details the materials, characterization tools and the experimental techniques employed for the studies. This is followed by Chapter 3, 4, and 5 which deals with functional modification of various propellants binders, their characterisation and evaluation in propellant formulations. Chapter 6 details with the thermal decomposition of diazides and its reaction with alkenes. The advent of modern rockets has opened a new era in the history of space exploration as well as defence applications. The driving force of the rocket emanates from the propellant – either solid or liquid. Composite solid propellants find an indispensable place, in today’s rockets and launch vehicles because of the inherent advantages such as high reliability, easy manufacturing, high thrust etc. The composite propellant consisting of inorganic oxidiser like ammonium perchlorate, (AP), ammonium nitrate (AN) etc), metallic fuel (aluminium powder, boron etc) and polymeric fuel binder (hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene-HTPB, polybutadiene-acrylic acid-acrylonitrile PBAN, glycidyl azide polymer (GAP), polyteramethylene oxide (PTMO) etc. is used in igniters, boosters, upper stage motors and special purpose motors in large launch vehicles. Large composite solid propellant grains or rocket motors in particular, demand adequate mechanical properties to enable them to withstand the stresses imposed during operation, handling, transportation and motor firing. They should also have a reasonably long ‘potlife’ to provide sufficient window for processing operations such as mixing and casting which makes the selection of binder with appropriate cure chemistry more challenging. In all composite solid propellants currently in use, polymers perform the role of a binder for the oxidiser, metallic fuel and other additives. It performs the dual role of imparting dimensional stability to the composite, provides structural integrity and good mechanical properties to the propellant besides acting as a fuel to impart the required energetics. Conventionally, the terminal hydroxyl groups in the binders like GAP, PTMO and HTPB are reacted with diisocyanates to form a polyurethane network, to impart the necessary mechanical properties to the propellant. A wide range of diisocyantes such as tolylene diisocyanate (TDI) and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) are used for curing of these binders. However, the incompatability of isocyanates with energetic oxidisers like ammonium dinitramide (ADN), hydrazinium nitroformate (HNF), short ‘potlife’ of the propellant slurry and undesirable side reactions with moisture are limiting factors which adversely affect the mechanical properties of curing binders through this route. The objective of the present study is to evolve an alternate approach of curing these binders is to make use of the 1,3 dipolar addition reactions between azide and alkyne groups which is a part of ‘Click chemistry’. This can be accomplished by the reaction of azide groups of GAP with triple bonds of alkynes and reactions of functionally modified HTPB/PTMO (azide/alkyne) to yield 1,2,3 -triazole based products. This offers an alternate route for processing of solid propellants wherein, the cured resins that have improved mechanical properties, better thermal stability and improved ballistic properties in view of the higher heat of decomposition resulting from the decomposition of the triazole groups. GAP is an azide containing energetic polymer. The azide groups can undergo reaction with alkynes to yield triazoles. In, Chapter 3 the synthesis and characterisation of various alkynyl compounds including bis propargyl succinate (BPS), bis propargyl adipate (BPA), bis propargyl sebacate (BPSc.) and bis propargyl oxy bisphenol A (BPB) for curing of GAP to yield triazoles networks are studied. The mechanism of the curing reaction of GAP with these alkynyl compounds was elucidated using a model compound viz. 2-azidoethoxyethane (AEE). The reaction mechanism has been analysed using Density Functional Theory (DFT) method. DFT based theoretical calculations implied marginal preference for 1, 5 addition over the 1, 4 addition for the uncatalysed cycloaddition reaction between azide and alkyne group. The detailed characterisation of these systems with respect to the cure kinetics, mechanical properties, dynamic mechanical behaviour and thermal decomposition characteristics were done and correlated to the structure of the network. The glass transition temperature (Tg), tensile strength and modulus of the system increased with crosslink density which in turn is, controlled by the azide to alkyne molar stoichiometry. Thermogravimetic analysis (TGA) showed better thermal stability for the GAP-triazole compared to GAP based urethanes. Though there have been a few reports on curing of GAP with alkynes, it is for the first time that a detailed characterisation of this system with respect to the cure kinetics, mechanical, dynamic mechanical, thermal decomposition mechanism of the polymer is being reported. To extent the concept of curing binders through 1,3 dipolar addition reaction, the binder HTPB as chemically transformed to propargyloxy carbonyl amine terminated polybutadiene (PrTPB) with azidoethoxy carbonyl amine terminated polybutadiene (AzTPB) and propargyloxy polybutadiene (PTPB). Similarly, PTMO was convnerted to propargyloxy polytetramethylene oxide (PTMP). Triazole-triazoline networks were derived by the reaction of the binders with alkyne/azide containing curing agents. The cure characteristics of these polymers (PrTPB with AzTPB, PTPB with GAP and PTMP with GAP) were studied by DSC. The detailed characterisations of the cured polymers for were done with respect to the, mechanical, dynamic mechanical behaviour and thermal decomposition characteristics were done. Propellant level studies were done using the triazoles derived from GAP, PrTPB-AzTPB, PTPB and PTMP as binder, in combination with ammonium perchlorate as oxidiser. The propellants were characterised with respect to rheological, mechanical, safety, as well as ballistic properties. From the studies, propellant formulations with improved energetics, safety characteristics, processability and mechanical properties as well defect free propellants could be developed using novel triazole crosslinked based binders. Chapter 6, is aimed at understanding the mechanism of thermal decomposition of diazido compounds in the first section. For this, synthesis and characterisation of a diazido ester 1,6 –bis (azidoacetoyloxy) hexane (HDBAA) was done. There have been no reports on the thermal decomposition mechanism of diazido compounds, where one azide group may influence the decomposition of the other. The thermal decomposition mechanism of the diazido ester were theoretically predicted by DFT method and corroborated by pyrolysis-GC-MS studies. In the second section of this chapter, the cure reaction of the diazido ester with the double bonds of HTPB has been investigated. The chapter 6B reports the mechanism of Cu (I) catalysed azide-alkene reaction validated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations in isomers of hexene (cis-3-hexene, trans-3-hexene and 2-methy pentene: model compound of HTPB) using HDBAA. This the first report on an isocyanate free curing of HTPB using an azide. Chapter 7 of the thesis summarizes the work carried out, the highlights and important findings of this work. The scope for future work such as development of high performance eco-friendly propellants based on triazoles in conjunction with chlorine-free oxidizer like ADN, synthesis of compatible plasticisers and suitable crosslinkers have been described. This work has given rise to one patent, three international publications and four papers in international conferences in the domain.
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Books on the topic "Ester glycidyle"

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MacMahon, Shaun. Processing contaminants in edible oils: MCPD and glycidyl esters. Urbana, Illinois: AOCS Press, 2014.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ester glycidyle"

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Gooch, Jan W. "Glycidyl-Ester Resin." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 345. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_5562.

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Sim, Biow Ing, Yu Hua Wong, and Chin Ping Tan. "CHAPTER 7. 3-MCPD and Glycidyl Esters in Palm Oil." In Food Chemistry, Function and Analysis, 152–90. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788016438-00152.

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Silva, Willian Cruzeiro, Roseli Aparecida Ferrari, Eduardo Vicente, Klicia Araujo Sampaio, and Adriana Pavesi Arisseto. "CHAPTER 5. Strategies to Mitigate MCPD and Glycidyl Esters in Refined Oils and Foods." In Food Chemistry, Function and Analysis, 108–27. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788016438-00108.

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Beekman, Jessica K., Michael Granvogl, and Shaun MacMahon. "Analysis and Occurrence of MCPD and Glycidyl Esters in Infant Formulas and Other Complex Food Matrices." In ACS Symposium Series, 67–90. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1306.ch005.

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Beekman, Jessica K., Michael Granvogl, and Shaun MacMahon. "CHAPTER 4. 2- and 3-Monochloropropanediol (MCPD) Esters and Glycidyl Esters: Methods of Analysis, Occurrence, and Mitigation in Refined Oils, Infant Formula, and Other Processed Foods." In Food Chemistry, Function and Analysis, 75–107. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788016438-00075.

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"Glycidyl-ester resin." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 464. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30160-0_5475.

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Scholz, Gabriele, and Benoît Schilter. "Toxicological Properties of Glycidyl Esters." In Processing Contaminants in Edible Oils, 169–82. Elsevier, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-9888565-0-9.50011-7.

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Thürer, Alice, and Michael Granvogl. "Direct Detection Techniques for Glycidyl Esters." In Processing Contaminants in Edible Oils, 91–120. Elsevier, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-9888565-0-9.50009-9.

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Ermacora, Alessia, and Karel Hrnčiřík. "Indirect Detection Techniques for MCPD Esters and Glycidyl Esters." In Processing Contaminants in Edible Oils, 57–90. Elsevier, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-9888565-0-9.50008-7.

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MacMahon, Shaun. "MCPD Esters and Glycidyl Esters: A Review of Analytical Methods." In Encyclopedia of Food Chemistry, 569–77. Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-100596-5.21826-x.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ester glycidyle"

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Edwards, Peter A., Michael Price, Nick Nimchuk, and Jeff Mahon. "Novel Water Loving Coatings (WLC) Lubricious and Durable Guidewires." In 2017 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2017-3434.

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Hydrophilic coatings applied to guidewires or catheters, lower friction of the device thus improves handling and reduces damage to the vessel walls during access, delivery and retrieval. Peripheral guidewires typically consist of a polymer jacket, basecoat and topcoat. The polymer jacket is highly radiopaque for fluoroscopy visualization. Basecoat adheres to the polymer jacket and hydrophilic topcoat. Basecoat and topcoat play important roles towards coating device durability and lubricity. Water Loving Coatings (WLC) are the first developed 510(k) clearance guidewires utilizing epoxy polyurethane technology. Coatings are non-hemolytic and non-cytotoxic. WLC are advances toward glycidyl carbamate (GC) resins. Linear Glycidyl Carbamates have shown excellent flexibility based off structure property relationships [1]. Water dispersible GC (WD-GC) oligomers have been prepared by additions of poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether (m-peg) to isocyanurate and biuret, then end capped with glycidol [2]. WLC technologies are lubricious and durable water dispersible polyurethane or polyurea glycidyl carbamates [3]. Modified Hyaluronate with WD-GC oligomers have shown increases in lubricity of Guidewires when used with a catheter [4]. WLC coatings have been applied to a micro-wire to reduce endothelial mechanical lining damage [5]. Common thermoplastic urethanes (TPU), similar to WLC morphology, used in the medical industry, are: Biomer and Lubrizol’s Pellethane®, Tecoflex™ and Estane™. Biomer consists of 4,4′-Methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate) (MDI), Ethylenediamine (EDA), and Polytetramethylene diol (Poly THF). Pellethane consists of MDI, 1,4-Butanediol (BDO) and Poly THF. Tecoflex consists of 4-4′-methylenebis (cyclohexyl isocyanate) (H12MDI), BDO and Poly THF. Medical grade Estane is an ester of adipic acid with BDO for soft segments and MDI and BDO for hard segments. TPU structure and morphology dictates polymeric properties.
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Grimes, Chelsea. "Reducing glycidyl esters in edible oil with Silica." In Virtual 2021 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/am21.586.

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Bektenov, Nesipkhan, Edyl Ergozhin, Nazira Chopabayeva, and Karlygash Bazarbayeva. "Synthesis and Study of Polyelectrolytes on the Basis of Glycidyl Ester of Methacrylic Acid." In The 4th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-4-01860.

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Beekman, Jessica, Michael Granvogl, and Shaun MacMahon. "Analysis and Updated Occurrence of MCPD and Glycidyl Esters in Infant Formulas and Processed Foods." In Virtual 2020 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists’ Society (AOCS), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/am20.12.

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Oey, Sergio, Vincenzo Fogliano, Ine van der Fels-Klerx, and Stefan P. J. van Leeuwen. "Implementation of chemical refining for the mitigation of 2-MCPDE, 3-MCPDE, and glycidyl esters: Promising pilot plant results." In Virtual 2021 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/am21.583.

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Beekman, Jessica, Shaun MacMahon, and Michael Granvogl. "A Summary of the Research Activities at the U.S. FDA Related to the Analysis and Occurrence of MCPD Esters and Glycidyl Esters in Edible Oils, Infant Formula, and Other Processed Foods." In Virtual 2021 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. AOCS, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/am21.497.

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Monien, Bernhard, and Klaus Abraham. "Fatty Acid Esters of Glycidol and 2- and 3-monochloropropanediol (2- and 3-MCPD) in Food: What About Internal Exposure in Humans?" In Virtual 2021 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists’ Society (AOCS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/am21.484.

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Živković, Andreja, Nataša Tomić, Marija Vuksanović, and Aleksandar Marinković. "Synthesis and characterization of epoxy resin coating with improved fire resistance by the addition of modified tannic acid." In 8th International Conference on Renewable Electrical Power Sources. SMEITS, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24094/mkoiee.020.8.1.35.

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The paper presents a new process for obtaining eco-epoxide materials with reduced combustibility or completely non-combustible, which are synthesized from bio-renewable raw materials, whose production process consists of two stages. A particular aspect of multiple environmental significance is the use of bio-renewable resources and the reduction of the share of the toxic epoxy component in the production of epoxy materials. The first stage considers the synthesis epoxy resin components: epoxy functionalized tannic acid (TA) – ETA, and synthesis of phosphate derivatives of TA - glycidyl ester of TA modified by phosphoric acid (PGET). The second stage considers the synthesis of bio-epoxy resins using ETA and PGET that are used as a replacement of the epoxy resin component (A) – bisphenol A based epoxy in a ratio 25-100% as a reactive diluent to obtain products that can be used in the construction and other industrial fields and have reduced combustibility or completely non-combustible. The second part presents the results of thermal and mechanical tests for some of the obtained derivatives. The addition of 25% of TA derivate improved the toughness as well as the tensile strength of epoxy material. Thermogravimetry showed that samples containing tannin epoxide showed more residue left. Partial or full replacement of the epoxy component with a tannin component produces eco-friendly material with while significantly increased fire resistance (V-2 to V-0).
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