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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Esterification

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Academic literature on the topic 'Esterification'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Esterification"

1

Farahani, Mohammad R. M., and Fatemeh Taghizadeh. "Roughness of esterified eastern cottonwood." BioResources 5, no. 4 (August 22, 2010): 2232–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.5.4.2232-2238.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of esterification via acetic or propionic anhydride on the surface roughness of eastern cottonwood. Eastern cottonwood (Populous deltoides) was esterified by using acetic or propionic anhydride without using any solvent or catalyst under different conditions. Two different weight percentage gains (WPGs) were obtained for each of the modifying chemicals. Three main surface roughness parameters, namely average roughness (Ra), mean peak to valley height (Rz) and maximum roughess (Rmax) were measured by a stylus method before and after esterification. The surface roughness was significantly increased due to the esterifications. The surface roughness of wood increased with increasing WPG.

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Álvarez-Mateos, P., J. F. García-Martín, F. J. Guerrero-Vacas, C. Naranjo-Calderón, C. C. Barrios-Sánchez, and M. C. Pérez-Camino. "Valorization of a high-acidity residual oil generated in the waste cooking oils recycling industries." Grasas y Aceites 70, no. 4 (July 23, 2019): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/gya.1179182.

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A sludge fraction is obtained from the industries which recycle cooking oil and this sludge contains a large amount of oil with an extremely high acidity ( > 60%). In this work, we propose a scheme for methyl ester production from this residual oil consisting of the esterification of the free fatty acids followed by the transesterification of the remaining triglycerides. Esterifications were carried out with different methanol:oil molar ratios, and various catalysts in different weight ratios. The results revealed that homogeneous catalysts produced higher yields than heterogeneous ones in the esterification reaction. With the aim of improving the process, a previous triglyceride hydrolysis was assayed using lipases from Candida rugosa. Finally, the 3-stage process was performed under the most favorable conditions for each stage obtaining 84% wt. fatty acid methyl esters, which shows the potential of this residual oil as a source of biodiesel.

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Altuntepe, Emrah, Thorsten Greinert, Felix Hartmann, Annika Reinhardt, Gabriele Sadowski, and Christoph Held. "Thermodynamics of enzyme-catalyzed esterifications: I. Succinic acid esterification with ethanol." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 101, no. 15 (May 12, 2017): 5973–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-017-8287-4.

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Kadarwati, Sri, Riska Nurfirda Annisa, Evalisa Apriliani, Cepi Kurniawan, and Samuel Budi Wardhana Kusuma. "The Catalytic Activity of TCA-Modified Indonesian Natural Zeolite During the Esterification of Sengon Wood Bio-Oil." Trends in Sciences 20, no. 2 (December 2, 2022): 3632. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/tis.2023.3632.

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The bio-oil produced from the pyrolysis of biomass is highly corrosive due to the high content of organic acids. These organic acids could be removed through an appropriate upgrading process, i.e., esterification using alcohols to form less polar esters. In this study, the bio-oil used as the feedstock in the esterification was produced from the pyrolysis of Sengon wood with a particle size of 297 µm at 600 °C. The esterification was performed at 70 °C in the presence of a trichloro acetic acid (TCA)-modified Indonesian H-zeolite catalyst with various weight ratios of bio-oil-to-methanol and reaction times under a constant stirring rate of 500 rpm. The esterification progress was indicated by the decrease in the total acid number of the bio-oil after esterification. No significant coke formation (< 0.05 wt%) was observed indicating that the suppression of repolymerisation could be achieved. This study showed that the esterification underwent in a fast rate, indicated by the decrease in the total acid number of the bio-oil by 47.85 % only over a 15-min esterification. Compared to the uncatalysed esterification, the TCA/zeolite-catalysed esterification showed a higher decrease in the total acid number of the bio-oil up to 65.83 %, due to the conversion of the carboxylic acids to esters. HIGHLIGHTS The TCA-modified Indonesian natural zeolite catalyst has been successfully prepared The presence of the TCA/Indonesian natural zeolite during the esterification of bio-oil produced from the pyrolysis of Sengon wood could greatly suppress the severe repolymerisation leading to coke formation The TCA/Indonesian natural zeolite-catalysed esterification of Sengon bio-oil underwent in a fast rate The TCA/Indonesian natural zeolite catalyst showed a good performance in this study in comparison with the uncatalysed esterification GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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Keglevich, György, Nóra Zsuzsa Kiss, Zoltán Mucsi, Erzsébet Jablonkai, and Erika Bálint. "The synthesis of phosphinates: traditional versus green chemical approaches." Green Processing and Synthesis 3, no. 2 (April 1, 2014): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gps-2013-0106.

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Abstract Three alternatives are discussed in comparison with the classical esterification of phosphinic chlorides by reaction with alcohols. All novel methods, such as microwave (MW)-assisted direct esterification, MW-assisted phase transfer catalyzed alkylating esterification and the propylphosphonic anhydride-promoted esterification, start from phosphinic acids and offer different advantages and disadvantages. The methods are analyzed from green chemical point of view.

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Del Menezzi, Claudio, Siham Amirou, Antonio Pizzi, Xuedong Xi, and Luc Delmotte. "Reactions with Wood Carbohydrates and Lignin of Citric Acid as a Bond Promoter of Wood Veneer Panels." Polymers 10, no. 8 (July 28, 2018): 833. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10080833.

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The reaction of citric acid with wood veneers was studied by Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP MAS 13C NMR) and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight (MALDI ToF) mass spectrometry. The analysis showed that reactions of citric acid occurred with both lignin and carbohydrate constituents of wood. The reactions occurring are esterifications between the carboxylic acid functions of citric acid and the numerous aromatic and aliphatic hydroxyl groups of the main wood constituents. Reaction of citric acid with glucose as a simple model compound of carbohydrates hydroxyl groups also yielded reactions leading to linear and branched oligomers by esterification. The result indicate that the reactions of esterification are accompanied in parallel by some internal rearrangements of lignin. The applied results on bonding wide flat wood surfaces such as veneers to obtain LVL panels yielded excellent strength results even if the conditions of pressing were more drastic than what is usual for this application. The applied bonding results have shown that citric acid has great potential to be used as a bio-binder for wood veneers.

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SHANG, Y., J. LI, P. ZHANG, Z. SONG, Y. LI, and H. HUANG. "Esterification and Selective Esterification in the Presence of TiCl4." Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 23, no. 6 (November 2007): 669–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1005-9040(07)60145-7.

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An, Liangliang, Chuanling Si, Guanhua Wang, Cheol Soon Choi, Yong Ho Yu, Jin Ho Bae, Soo Min Lee, and Yong Sik Kim. "Efficient and green approach for the esterification of lignin with oleic acid using surfactant-combined microreactors in water." BioResources 15, no. 1 (November 8, 2019): 89–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.1.89-104.

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A green, effective, and feasible reaction for esterification of lignin with oleic acid in water at room temperature was investigated. A surfactant-combined system (p-toluenesulfonic acid/4-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid) was designed to simultaneously solubilize kraft lignin and disperse the oleic acid, producing microreactors for esterification. Esterification using a higher 4-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid dosage at room temperature was found to be a good option, and an increasing oleic acid dosage had no effect on improving the degree of esterification. Structural characterization analyses confirmed the successful esterification of lignin with oleic acid, indicating the effectiveness and feasibility of esterification of macromolecules in water. Due to the introduction of a long flexible aliphatic chain, the lignin ester showed a noticeable decrease in glass transition temperature, an obvious increase in contact angle, and exhibited excellent thermoplasticity, processability, and hydrophobicity. Additionally, lignin-ester nanoparticles were prepared through the micellization of p-toluenesulfonic acid. Therefore, the method of esterification using surfactant-combined microreactors in water is promising for high value-added utilization of lignin.

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Fadhilah, Said Ahmad, Elma Fatkhurin, and Ni Ketut Sari. "Optimization of the Esterification Process of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) with Natural Zeolite Catalyst Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)." Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research 12, no. 3 (January 25, 2025): 220–28. https://doi.org/10.30598/ijcr.2025.12-fad.

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Esterification is one of the important processes in the production of biodiesel. This is done to ensure that the FFA content in CPO is less than 3%. The esterification reaction can be accelerated by using natural zeolite as a catalyst. Optimization needs to be carried out to select the appropriate conditions to reach the optimal region quickly. The purposes of this research are to analyze the impact of esterification time and the natural zeolite catalyst size on the reduction of FFA levels and find the optimal parameters in the CPO esterification through RSM. Esterification is operated by maintaining the reaction temperature at 60 °C, agitation speed at 150 rpm, and using a molar ratio of methanol:CPO of 6:1. The independent variables used in the research are esterification time (90, 110, 130, 150, and 170 minutes) and natural zeolite size (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mesh). The optimization results using RSM indicate that the optimum points in the study are at an esterification time of 170 minutes and a natural zeolite size of 97.3909 mesh.

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Daviot, Laura, Thomas Len, Carol Lin, and Christophe Len. "Microwave-Assisted Homogeneous Acid Catalysis and Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Dialkyl Succinate in a Flow Reactor." Catalysts 9, no. 3 (March 16, 2019): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9030272.

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Two new continuous flow systems for the production of dialkyl succinates were developed via the esterification of succinic acid, and via the trans-esterification of dimethyl succinate. The first microwave-assisted continuous esterification of succinic acid with H2SO4 as a chemical homogeneous catalyst was successfully achieved via a single pass (ca 320 s) at 65–115 °C using a MiniFlow 200ss Sairem Technology. The first continuous trans-esterification of dimethyl succinate with lipase Cal B as an enzymatic catalyst was developed using a Syrris Asia Technology, with an optimal reaction condition of 14 min at 40 °C. Dialkyl succinates were produced with the two technologies, but higher productivity was observed for the microwave-assisted continuous esterification using chemical catalysts. The continuous flow trans-esterification demonstrated a number of advantages, but it resulted in lower yield of the target esters.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Esterification"

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Sindelar, Pavel J. "Hepatic lipase and dolichol esterification /." Stockholm, 1997. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1997/91-628-2772-3.

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Al-Seeni, Madeha N. "Control of hepatic cholesterol esterification." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293154.

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Hatcher, Stuart Dominic. "Tin promoted lactonisation and esterification reactions." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391799.

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Lindmark-Henriksson, Marica. "Biotransformations of Turpentine Constituents : Oxygenation and Esterification." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Chemistry, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3529.

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<p>This thesis describes methods to obtain valueaddedcompounds from TMP-turpentine obtained from the spruce, Piceaabies. The methodology focuses on biotransformations using twoapproaches: an oxygenation approach (i.e. oxygenation ofterpene hydrocarbons by cell cultures) and an esterificationapproach (i.e. lipase-catalysed transesterification of vinylacetate with terpene alcohols, and a further fractionation ofthe TMP-turpentine).</p><p>The main constituents of the turpentine, a-pinene, b-pineneand limonene, were subjected to a P. abies suspension culture.Allylic oxidation formed the major products for α-pineneand β-pinene, which were further oxidised to theirrespective aldehyde or ketone. One of the minor products froma-pinene, cis-verbenol, was not only transformed into verbenonebut also isomerised to trans-verbenol. Limonene gavelimonene-(1,2)-epoxide as the major product.</p><p>Fractionation of monoterpenes is accomplished throughphysical separation methods, chromatography and distillation,and lipase-catalysed transesterification of vinyl acetate withterpene alcohols. The esters of myrtenol and trans-pinocarveolwere separated from the more slowly reacting alcohols such asborneol and carveol by use of a combination of the Mucor mieheilipase and Candida antarctica lipase A as catalysts.Furthermore, the non-reacting tertiary terpene alcohols wereseparated from the reacting alcohols in a single step byCandida antarctica lipase A.</p><p>Lipase-catalysed (Candida antarctica lipase B andPseudomonas cepacia lipase) transesterification of vinylacetate with sterically hindered secondary alcoholsunexpectedly yielded hemiacetals or hemiacetal esters. Thereaction conditions required to obtain these side products havebeen studied.</p><p><b>Keywords:</b>Picea abies, Pinaceae, Essential oilscomposition; Terpene alcohol; Hemiacetal; Hemiacetal ester,TMP-turpentine; Monoterpene; α-Pinene; β-Pinene;Limonene; Verbenol; Pinocarveol; Borneol; Myrtenol; Suspensioncell culture; Biotransformation; Lipase-catalysed; Oxidation;Allylic oxidation; Transesterification; Autoxidation;Separation.</p>

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Bankole, Kehinde Seun. "Uncatalyzed esterification of biomass-derived carboxylic acids." Diss., University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/922.

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To shift from a petroleum-based to a biomass-based economy will require the development not only of biofuels, but also of biorenewable replacements for petroleum-derived chemicals. In this regard, environmentally friendly biomass-derived esters may serve as alternatives to fossil-derived chemicals such as toxic halogenated solvents and glycol ethers. Therefore, esterification of various carboxylic acids that find significant applications in the chemical, pharmaceutical, petrochemical, food, and cosmetic industries has been initiated by the chemical industry. At atmospheric condition, esterification is a reversible reaction limited by the low equilibrium conversion and slow reaction rate, and has recently been performed with excess alcohol to shift the equilibrium conversion. Heterogeneous or homogeneous acid catalysts are used to achieve acceptable reaction rates. The conventional acid-catalyzed process has been extensively developed; but it suffers from problems associated with the generation of side reactions, corrosion of equipment, expensive purification procedures, long reaction times and discharge of acidic wastes. Various attempts on esterification of carboxylic acids with ethanol have previously addressed important issues concerning product distribution, catalyst activity, and kinetics of acid-catalyzed esterification at lower reaction temperatures, but kinetics of uncatalyzed esterification at elevated reaction temperatures are still very limited. It is thus of great interest from a practical viewpoint that more information such as kinetic and thermodynamic parameters are required to develop a possible esterification process without using any catalyst. In this work, therefore, a fundamental study on the uncatalyzed esterification of different aliphatic carboxylic acids with stoichiometric amounts of ethanol was undertaken to examine the possibility of converting the biomass-derived carboxylic acids to ethyl esters and to determine the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters for the uncatalyzed esterification. Experiments were conducted with isothermal batch reactors at temperatures ranging from 298 K to 623 K. A 2nd-order reversible kinetics rate expression was used to fit the experimental data. The thermodynamic and kinetic values estimated were found to vary for different esterification systems studied. The dependence of Keq on temperature for esterification of short-chain and long-chain carboxylic acids varied. Despite the nonlinearity of the Van't Hoff plot for esterification of linoleic acid, the Arrhenius and Eyring plots were linear. Two thermodynamic paths were developed for estimating the equilibrium conversions, and the theoretical values compared well with the experimental results reported in this study. Additional experiments performed to assess the corrosive and catalytic influences of metallic materials on esterification reaction indicated Inconel 625 alloy, nickel wire and stainless steel materials have potential corrosion problems on the uncatalyzed esterification reaction at elevated reaction. However, tantalum and grade 5 titanium materials showed acceptable level of compatibility for similar reaction conditions, and this can encourage the design of a flow reactor system.

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6

MAININI, FRANCESCA. "ESTERIFICATION OF NATURAL COMPOUNDS WITH FATTY ACIDS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/170495.

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In this PhD project we dealt with β-sitosterol, resveratrol and quercetin, three natural substances featuring ascertained biological activities. These compounds are characterized by a limited bioavailability and a low stability: these features reduce their application in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and dermocosmetic areas. In order to improve the above mentioned properties, we synthesized esters of these compounds, following either a chemical approach (resveratrol, quercetin, and β-sitosterol) and a enzymatic approach (resveratrol and β-sitosterol). The esterification was performed with saturated (palmitic and stearic) and unsaturated (oleic, linoleic and linolenic) fatty acids: this synthesis introduced in a single molecule (prodrug) two moieties both pharmacologically active. Chemical synthesis was used to obtain resveratrol triesters, but failed with diesters: so these derivatives were synthesized by enzymatic approach. 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR analyses allowed to define the structure of these derivatives. The synthesis of quercetin penta, tetra and triesters was obtained by modulating the acid/quercetin molar ratio; mono- and bi-dimensional NMR techniques were used to determine the structure of all quercetin esters, while for triester computational studies were needed. In addition, for resveratrol and quercetin esters the antioxidant activity was evaluated: this property was not increased by esterification. Also the bioavailability was studied for resveratrol and its trioleoyl ester, but the resveratrol resulted more bioavailable in comparison with its ester. In order to improve drug topical delivery, quercetin and its derivatives were also incorporated in liposome formulations.

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Lee, Sun Min. "Studies of the Mechanism of Plasma Cholesterol Esterification in Aged Rats." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1989. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331051/.

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The study was performed to determine factors influencing the esteriflcation of plasma cholesterol in young and aged rats. The distribution of LCAT activity was determined following gel nitration chromatography and ultracentrifugation of whole plasma respectively. When rat plasma was fractionated on a Bio-Gel A-5 Mcolumn, LCAT activity was found to be associated with the HDL fraction. A similar result was observed upon 24 hr density gradient ultracentrifugation of the plasma. However, following prolonged 40 hr preparative ultracentrifugation, the majority of the LCAT activity was displaced into the lipoprotein-free infranatant fraction (d> 1.225 g/ml). The dissociation of LCAT from the HDL fraction occured to a smaller extent in aged rat plasma than in young rat plasma. Plasma incubation (37°C) experiments followed by the isolation of lipoproteins and the subsequent analysis of their cholesterol content revealed that in vitro net esteriflcation of free cholesterol (FC) by LCAT as well as the fractional ufilization of HDL-FC as substrate were lower in the plasma of the aged animal as compared to that of the young animal despite the fact that the total pool of FC was higher in the former. The net transfer of FC from lower density lipoproteins (d<1.07 g/ml) to HDL provided the FC (in addition to HDL-FC) for esteriflcation in the plasma of both young and aged rats, and this process was not substantially affected by aging. Substrate specificity studies indicated that HDL from young rats was a better substrate for LCAT than the HDL from aged rats. The HDL isolated from the plasma of aged rats was enriched with apo E and had a considerably higher molecular weight than the HDL from young rat plasma. The ratio of phosphatidyl choline/sphingomyelin was lower in the HDL of aged rats. These data suggest that the decreased plasma cholesterol esteriflcation in aged rats is due to changes in the composition and size of the lipoprotein substrate (HDL).

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Matsumura, Hiroyuki. "Efficient Utilization of Biomass through Esterification of Cellulosics." Kyoto University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/148642.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)<br>0048<br>新制・課程博士<br>博士(エネルギー科学)<br>甲第10324号<br>エネ博第60号<br>新制||エネ||19(附属図書館)<br>UT51-2003-H745<br>京都大学大学院エネルギー科学研究科エネルギー社会・環境科学専攻<br>(主査)教授坂志朗, 教授牧野圭祐, 助教授河本晴雄<br>学位規則第4条第1項該当

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Dastjerdi, Zahra. "The Esterification of Naphthenic Acids for Methyl Ester Production." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28802.

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The remediation of tailings water, a by-product of bitumen extraction, is of utmost importance to the Athabasca oil sands industry due to its toxicity to aquatic environments. Naphthenic acids (NAs), natural components of bitumen, are the major contributor to the toxicity of tailings water. The use of algae for remediation of tailings water is a new approach to reduce the toxicity of tailings water. The combined extracted NAs and algal oils can potentially be used as a low cost feedstock for the production of biodiesel. In this study, the feasibility of using NAs for the production of biodiesel was investigated using mixtures of canola oil and commercial NAs as model compounds. Since NAs are a mixture of cyclic and acyclic carboxylic acids, the acid-catalyzed esterification of NAs without canola oil was investigated. The acid-catalyzed esterification reaction was carried out with methanol, and the influence of variables affecting the esterification process was examined. The experimental results showed that increasing temperature and catalyst concentration increased the reaction rate and final conversion of NAs to their corresponding methyl esters. The catalyst study showed that sulfuric acid had a more positive effect on the esterification reaction compared to p-toluene sulfonic acid. Additionally, an excess methanol:oil ratio had a negative effect on the esterification reaction due to the solubility of NAs in methanol. The acid-catalyzed transesterification/esterification of mixtures of NA and vegetable oil (canola oil along with 5% NAs) with methanol was investigated at different operating conditions. The outcomes of these experiments showed that increasing temperature, sulfuric acid concentration, and methanol content had positive effects on the rate of reaction and final ester products. The general conclusion of the thesis is that the conversion of NAs to useful products is indeed feasible and can be part of the solution to tar sands tailing pond remediation.

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Levesque-Tremblay, Gabriel. "Pectin methyl esterification functions in seed development and germination." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/46351.

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Books on the topic "Esterification"

1

Otera, Junzo. Esterification: Methods, reactions, and applications. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2004.

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Joji, Nishikido, ed. Esterification: Methods, reactions, and applications. 2nd ed. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2010.

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Divakar, Soundar. Enzymatic transformation. New Delhi: Springer, 2013.

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Lindsten, Agneta. Chlorophyll synthesis in dark-grown wheat: Connections between the esterification of Chlide and the transformation of prolamellar bodies. Göteborg, Sweden: Dept. of Plant Physiology, University of Göteborg, 1992.

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Alessandra, Pani, and Dessì Sandra, eds. Cell growth and cholesterol esters. Georgetown, Tex: Landes Bioscience, 2004.

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Esterification. 2003.

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Esterification of Polysaccharides. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-32112-8.

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Liebert, Tim, Andreas Koschella, and Thomas Heinze. Esterification of Polysaccharides. Springer, 2014.

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Liebert, Tim, Andreas Koschella, and Thomas Heinze. Esterification of Polysaccharides (Springer Laboratory). Springer, 2006.

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Esterification: Methods, reactions, and applications. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Esterification"

1

Gooch, Jan W. "Esterification." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 275. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_4515.

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Li, Jie Jack. "Mukaiyama esterification." In Name Reactions, 275–76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05336-2_205.

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Li, Jie Jack. "Yamaguchi esterification." In Name Reactions, 448–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05336-2_328.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Direct Esterification." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 234. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_3807.

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Li, Jie Jack. "Yamaguchi esterification." In Name Reactions, 648–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03979-4_295.

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Li, Jie Jack. "Mukaiyama esterification." In Name Reactions, 247–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04835-1_194.

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Li, Jie Jack. "Yamaguchi esterification." In Name Reactions, 404–5. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04835-1_313.

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Li, Jie Jack. "Yamaguchi esterification." In Name Reactions, 594–95. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01053-8_276.

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Li, Jie Jack. "Fischer-Speier esterification." In Name Reactions, 139. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05336-2_108.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Degree of Esterification." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 199. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_3382.

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Conference papers on the topic "Esterification"

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Mamedov, Elmaddin, Svetlana Suslova, Igor Tsyganov, and Elena Kalmykova. "Automated Calculation of Degree of Esterification of Pectins." In 2024 6th International Conference on Control Systems, Mathematical Modeling, Automation and Energy Efficiency (SUMMA), 489–93. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/summa64428.2024.10803781.

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Cabeza, Andres F., Alvaro Orjuela, and David E. Bernal Neira. "A Novel Cost-Efficient Tributyl Citrate Production Process." In Foundations of Computer-Aided Process Design, 121–28. Hamilton, Canada: PSE Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69997/sct.122277.

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Phthalates are the most widely used plasticizers in the polymers industry; however, their toxicity and environmental impacts have led to their ban in various applications. This has driven the search for more sustainable alternatives, including biobased citrate esters, especially tributyl citrate (TBC) and its acetylated form. TBC is typically produced by refined citric acid (CA) esterification with 1-butanol (BuOH). However, the high energy and materials-intensive downstream purification of fermentation-derived CA involves high production costs, thus limiting the widespread adoption of TBC as a plasticizer. This work presents an innovative approach for TBC production using calcium citrate as feedstock instead of pure CA. The process involves a simultaneous acidification-esterification stage and further hydration of calcium sulfate, thus reducing costs by avoiding multiple CA refining steps. The approach proceeds via a solid-solid-liquid reaction of calcium citrate with sulfuric acid in butanol, releasing CA, which is simultaneously esterified to form TBC. The resultant calcium sulfate aids in water removal to enhance esterification conversion. Based upon experimentally validated models and rigorous simulations, the proposed approach was evaluated, and it exhibited significant reductions in processing times and operating costs, with savings of at least 46% in utilities compared to traditional TBC production. The novel approach was found suitable and promising for industrial deployment.

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Gumbyte, M., R. Kreivaitis та T. Balezentis. "Enzymatic Synthesis of α-Propylene glycol with (9Z)-Octadecenoic Acid by Lipolytic Enzyme". У BALTTRIB 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/balttrib.2015.08.

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Enzymatic synthesis of bio-lubricant from (9Z)-octadecenoic acid with α-propylene glycol has been investigated in this article and the purpose of this study has been to find out the optimum reaction conditions of esterification. Lipolytic enzyme (Lipolase ®100L) has been used to catalyze esterification reaction in solvent-free systems. The optimum reaction conditions of esterification process were achieved. The assessment of the bio-lubricant production options was studied. Tribological properties of α-propylene glycol esters of (9Z)-octadecenoic acids as bio-lubricants were assessed.

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Jermolovicius, Luiz Alberto, Eduardo V. S. Pouzada, Edmilson R. Castro, Renata B. Nascimento, and José T. Senise. "FASTER PLASTICIZERS PRODUCTION BY MICROWAVE IRRADIATION." In Ampere 2019. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ampere2019.2019.9777.

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Plasticizers are esters used to confer plasticity to polymer goods. They are prepared by esterification between a carboxylic acid or anhydride and a heavy alcohol. Esterification is a very slow reaction and its batches may last more than 12 hours of processing [1]. An empirical study of maleic anhydride (MA) esterification with 2-ethyl hexanol (EHO) esterification was done to explore the non-thermal effect of microwaves [2]. In this work a complete 2^3 factorial design and a statistical regression were conducted aiming to stablish empirical complete chemical kinetic equations under microwave heating and under conventional electric heating. The result was a series of six kinetic equations, as shown in Table 1; all parameters are related to -r_MA=k_0∙exp⁡(-E/RT)∙C_MA^nMA∙C_EHO^nEHO, T in Kelvin, and R = 1.9872 cal/mol.K. For a deeper understanding of the results a computer simulation procedure was developed to stimulate this reaction in an isothermal ideal reactor with constant process volume. Interesting numerical results lead to the conclusions that microwave enhanced this slow esterification to a fast reaction as is shown in Figure 1 in the curve labelled ‘microwave heating with 0.012 M of PTSA’.

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Pečar, Darja, Vladan Mićić, and Andreja Goršek. "Esterification reaction of oleic acid catalyzed by modified mesoporous silica SBA-15." In 54th International HVAC&R Congress and Exhibition. SMEITS, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24094/kghk.023.027.

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The esterification reaction of oleic acid with methanol practically does not occur at the temperature of most current industrial processes. If you raise the temperature, significant conversion occurs only above 200°C and after several hours. For the above reasons, all of today's industrial oleic acid esterification technologies are based on catalyzed esterification. Catalysts based on silicates are often used as catalysts in the mentioned reactions because they are cheap, easy to synthesize, insoluble in most organic solvents, and recyclable. In this work, modified mesopo-rous silica SBA-15 was used, which is suitable for a wide range of organic reactions. The effect of the amount of this catalyst on the yield of the esterification reaction was studied. It has been shown that with an increase in the amount of catalyst, the degree of conversion, i.e. the yield of methyl oleate, increases.

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Efanov, M. V., V. V. Konshin, and M. P. Sartakov. "Esterification of peat by mechanochemical method." In Fifth International Conference of CIS IHSS on Humic Innovative Technologies «Humic substances and living systems». CLUB PRINT ltd., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36291/hit.2019.efanov.112.

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7

Rahayu, Reni, Arif Fadlan, and Mardi Santoso. "Synthesis of cycloheptylcinnamamide by Shiina esterification." In THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE, MATHEMATICS, ENVIRONMENT, AND EDUCATION: Flexibility in Research and Innovation on Science, Mathematics, Environment, and education for sustainable development. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0106752.

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Kim, In-Hwan, Dongchan Oh, and Suhyeon Choi. "Production of value-added oleochemicals via Eversa immobilized lipase-catalyzed esterification." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/lqbh2911.

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Eversa lipase (from Themomyces lanuginosus) as a liquid type was developed to produce biodiesel. In our previous study, diisononyl adipate was effectively synthesized with an immobilized lipase prepared from Eversa lipase using Lewatit VP OC 1600 as a carrier. In this study, two oleochemicals, palmitoleic acid rich triacylglycerol (TAG) and 2-ethylhexyl palmitate, were successfully synthesized by Eversa immobilized lipase-catalyzed esterification. The palmitoleic acid rich TAG was synthesized from macadamia nut oil via two-step enzymatic reactions, which are C. rugosa lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis and Eversa immobilized lipase-catalyzed esterification. 2-Ethylhexyl palmitate, which is widely used as a cosmetic ingredient, was synthesized from 2-ethylhexanol and palmitic acid in a solvent-free system via Eversa immobilized lipase-catalyzed esterification. In both studies, Eversa immobilized lipase exhibited significantly higher activity for the synthesis of 2-ethylhexyl palmitate than Novozym 435, which is known as a commercial lipase with substantially high activity for esterification. In addition, Eversa immobilized lipase exhibited similar activity for the synthesis of palmitoleic acid rich TAG compared to the Novozym 435.

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Mirghani, Mohamed, Adeeb Hayyan, Hanee Hizaddin, Mahar Diana Hamid, Jehad Saleh, M. Y. Zulkifli, Waleed Al Abdulmonem, Fahad Alhumaydhi, and Abdullah Aljohani. "Novel Encapsulated Ionic Liquid Analogous for Free Fatty Acid Conversion to Fatty Acid Methyl Ester." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/vapq5899.

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The development of an efficient and green catalyst can be considered as a major contribution for the esterification of free fatty acid (FFA) in non-edible oil feedstocks. The DES was encapsulated in medical capsules for esterification of free fatty acid. The DES was synthesized from allyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (Allyl) and p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA). The FFA content was reduced to < 2 % under optimum conditions (catalyst dosage 2% (wt/wt) catalyst to oil, 10:1 molar ratio of oil to methanol at 60 °C for 60 min reaction time). The formation of a eutectic mixture endows the catalyst with advantages for esterification reaction such as improvements in recyclability and hygroscopicity of PTSA.

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Xiangjun Liao, Vijaya G.S. Raghavan, and Varoujan V. Yaylayan. "Dielectric Properties of Esterification Reaction Model System." In 2002 Chicago, IL July 28-31, 2002. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.9711.

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Reports on the topic "Esterification"

1

Fields, Nathan, Dennis J. Miller, Navinchandra S. Asthana, Aspi K. Kolah, Dung Vu, and Carl T. Lira. Reactive Distillation for Esterification of Bio-based Organic Acids. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/937553.

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Su, Dan. The Role of Lecithin: Retinol Acyltransferase (LRAT) Mediated Esterification of Vitamin A in Regulating Human Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation and Differentiation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada435637.

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Carpita, Nicholas C., Ruth Ben-Arie, and Amnon Lers. Pectin Cross-Linking Dynamics and Wall Softening during Fruit Ripening. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7585197.bard.

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Our study was designed to elucidate the chemical determinants of pectin cross-linking in developing fruits of apple and peach and to evaluate the role of breakage cross-linkages in swelling, softening, and cell separation during the ripening. Peaches cell walls soften and swell considerably during the ripening, whereas apples fruit cells maintain wall firmness but cells separate during late stages of ripening. We used a "double-reduction" technique to show that levels of non-methyl esters of polyuronic acid molecules were constant during the development and ripening and decreased only in overripe fruit. In peach, methyl and non-methyl esters increased during the development and decreased markedly during the ripening. Non-methyl ester linkages in both fruit decreased accompanied fruit softening. The identity of the second component of the linkage and its definitive role in the fruit softening remain elusive. In preliminary examination of isolated apples cell walls, we found that phenolic compounds accumulate early in wall development but decrease markedly during ripening. Quantitative texture analysis was used to correlate with changes to wall chemistry from the fresh-picked ripe stage to the stage during storage when the cell separation occurs. Cell wall composition is similar in all cultivars, with arabinose as the principal neutral sugar. Extensive de-branching of these highly branched arabinans pre-stages softening and cell-cell separation during over-ripening of apple. The longer 5-arabinans remain attached to the major pectic polymer rhamnogalacturonan I (RG I) backbone. The degree of RG I branching, as judged from the ratios of 2-Rha:2,4-Rha, also decreases, specially after an extensive arabinan de-branching. Loss of the 4-Rham linkages correlated strongly with the softening of the fruit. Loss of the monomer or polymer linked to the RG I produce directly or indirectly the softening of the fruit. This result will help to understand the fruit softening and to have better control of the textural changes in fruit during the ripening and especially during the storage. 'Wooliness', an undesirable mealy texture that is induced during chilling of some peach cultivars, greatly reduces the fruit storage possibilities. In order to examine the hypothesis that the basis for this disorder is related to abnormality in the cell wall softening process we have carried out a comparative analysis using the resistant cultivar, Sunsnow, and a sensitive one, Hermosa. We investigated the activity of several pectin- and glycan-modifying enzymes and the expression of their genes during ripening, chilling, and subsequent shelf-life. The changes in carbohydrate status and in methyl vs. non-methyl uronate ester levels in the walls of these cultivars were examined as well to provide a basis for comparison of the relevant gene expression that may impact appearance of the wooly character. The activities of the specific polygalacturonase (PGase) and a CMC-cellulase activities are significantly elevated in walls of peaches that have become wooly. Cellulase activities correlated well with increased level of the transcript, but differential expression of PGase did not correspond with the observed pattern of mRNA accumulation. When expression of ethylene biosynthesis related genes was followed no significant differences in ACC synthase gene expression was observed in the wooly fruit while the normal activation of the ACC oxidase was partially repressed in the Hermosa wooly fruits. Normal ripening-related loss of the uronic acid-rich polymers was stalled in the wooly Hermosa inconsistent with the observed elevation in a specific PGase activity but consistent with PG gene expression. In general, analysis of the level of total esterification, degree of methyl esterification and level of non-methyl esters did not reveal any major alterations between the different fruit varieties or between normal and abnormal ripening. Some decrease in the level of uronic acids methyl esterification was observed for both Hermosa and Sunsnow undergoing ripening following storage at low temperature but not in fruits ripening after harvest. Our results support a role for imbalanced cell wall degradation as a basis for the chilling disorder. While these results do not support a role for the imbalance between PG and pectin methyl esterase (PME) activities as the basis for the disorder they suggest a possible role for imbalance between cellulose and other cell wall polymer degradation during the softening process.

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