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Journal articles on the topic 'Esterification'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Farahani, Mohammad R. M., and Fatemeh Taghizadeh. "Roughness of esterified eastern cottonwood." BioResources 5, no. 4 (2010): 2232–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.5.4.2232-2238.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of esterification via acetic or propionic anhydride on the surface roughness of eastern cottonwood. Eastern cottonwood (Populous deltoides) was esterified by using acetic or propionic anhydride without using any solvent or catalyst under different conditions. Two different weight percentage gains (WPGs) were obtained for each of the modifying chemicals. Three main surface roughness parameters, namely average roughness (Ra), mean peak to valley height (Rz) and maximum roughess (Rmax) were measured by a stylus method before and after esterifica

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2

Álvarez-Mateos, P., J. F. García-Martín, F. J. Guerrero-Vacas, C. Naranjo-Calderón, C. C. Barrios-Sánchez, and M. C. Pérez-Camino. "Valorization of a high-acidity residual oil generated in the waste cooking oils recycling industries." Grasas y Aceites 70, no. 4 (2019): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/gya.1179182.

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A sludge fraction is obtained from the industries which recycle cooking oil and this sludge contains a large amount of oil with an extremely high acidity ( > 60%). In this work, we propose a scheme for methyl ester production from this residual oil consisting of the esterification of the free fatty acids followed by the transesterification of the remaining triglycerides. Esterifications were carried out with different methanol:oil molar ratios, and various catalysts in different weight ratios. The results revealed that homogeneous catalysts produced higher yields than heterogeneous ones in

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3

Altuntepe, Emrah, Thorsten Greinert, Felix Hartmann, Annika Reinhardt, Gabriele Sadowski, and Christoph Held. "Thermodynamics of enzyme-catalyzed esterifications: I. Succinic acid esterification with ethanol." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 101, no. 15 (2017): 5973–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-017-8287-4.

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4

Kadarwati, Sri, Riska Nurfirda Annisa, Evalisa Apriliani, Cepi Kurniawan, and Samuel Budi Wardhana Kusuma. "The Catalytic Activity of TCA-Modified Indonesian Natural Zeolite During the Esterification of Sengon Wood Bio-Oil." Trends in Sciences 20, no. 2 (2022): 3632. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/tis.2023.3632.

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The bio-oil produced from the pyrolysis of biomass is highly corrosive due to the high content of organic acids. These organic acids could be removed through an appropriate upgrading process, i.e., esterification using alcohols to form less polar esters. In this study, the bio-oil used as the feedstock in the esterification was produced from the pyrolysis of Sengon wood with a particle size of 297 µm at 600 °C. The esterification was performed at 70 °C in the presence of a trichloro acetic acid (TCA)-modified Indonesian H-zeolite catalyst with various weight ratios of bio-oil-to-methanol and r

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5

Keglevich, György, Nóra Zsuzsa Kiss, Zoltán Mucsi, Erzsébet Jablonkai, and Erika Bálint. "The synthesis of phosphinates: traditional versus green chemical approaches." Green Processing and Synthesis 3, no. 2 (2014): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gps-2013-0106.

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Abstract Three alternatives are discussed in comparison with the classical esterification of phosphinic chlorides by reaction with alcohols. All novel methods, such as microwave (MW)-assisted direct esterification, MW-assisted phase transfer catalyzed alkylating esterification and the propylphosphonic anhydride-promoted esterification, start from phosphinic acids and offer different advantages and disadvantages. The methods are analyzed from green chemical point of view.

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6

Del Menezzi, Claudio, Siham Amirou, Antonio Pizzi, Xuedong Xi, and Luc Delmotte. "Reactions with Wood Carbohydrates and Lignin of Citric Acid as a Bond Promoter of Wood Veneer Panels." Polymers 10, no. 8 (2018): 833. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10080833.

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The reaction of citric acid with wood veneers was studied by Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP MAS 13C NMR) and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight (MALDI ToF) mass spectrometry. The analysis showed that reactions of citric acid occurred with both lignin and carbohydrate constituents of wood. The reactions occurring are esterifications between the carboxylic acid functions of citric acid and the numerous aromatic and aliphatic hydroxyl groups of the main wood constituents. Reaction of citric acid with glucose as a simple model compoun

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7

SHANG, Y., J. LI, P. ZHANG, Z. SONG, Y. LI, and H. HUANG. "Esterification and Selective Esterification in the Presence of TiCl4." Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 23, no. 6 (2007): 669–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1005-9040(07)60145-7.

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8

An, Liangliang, Chuanling Si, Guanhua Wang, et al. "Efficient and green approach for the esterification of lignin with oleic acid using surfactant-combined microreactors in water." BioResources 15, no. 1 (2019): 89–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.1.89-104.

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A green, effective, and feasible reaction for esterification of lignin with oleic acid in water at room temperature was investigated. A surfactant-combined system (p-toluenesulfonic acid/4-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid) was designed to simultaneously solubilize kraft lignin and disperse the oleic acid, producing microreactors for esterification. Esterification using a higher 4-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid dosage at room temperature was found to be a good option, and an increasing oleic acid dosage had no effect on improving the degree of esterification. Structural characterization analyses confir

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9

Fadhilah, Said Ahmad, Elma Fatkhurin, and Ni Ketut Sari. "Optimization of the Esterification Process of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) with Natural Zeolite Catalyst Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)." Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research 12, no. 3 (2025): 220–28. https://doi.org/10.30598/ijcr.2025.12-fad.

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Esterification is one of the important processes in the production of biodiesel. This is done to ensure that the FFA content in CPO is less than 3%. The esterification reaction can be accelerated by using natural zeolite as a catalyst. Optimization needs to be carried out to select the appropriate conditions to reach the optimal region quickly. The purposes of this research are to analyze the impact of esterification time and the natural zeolite catalyst size on the reduction of FFA levels and find the optimal parameters in the CPO esterification through RSM. Esterification is operated by main

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10

Daviot, Laura, Thomas Len, Carol Lin, and Christophe Len. "Microwave-Assisted Homogeneous Acid Catalysis and Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Dialkyl Succinate in a Flow Reactor." Catalysts 9, no. 3 (2019): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9030272.

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Two new continuous flow systems for the production of dialkyl succinates were developed via the esterification of succinic acid, and via the trans-esterification of dimethyl succinate. The first microwave-assisted continuous esterification of succinic acid with H2SO4 as a chemical homogeneous catalyst was successfully achieved via a single pass (ca 320 s) at 65–115 °C using a MiniFlow 200ss Sairem Technology. The first continuous trans-esterification of dimethyl succinate with lipase Cal B as an enzymatic catalyst was developed using a Syrris Asia Technology, with an optimal reaction condition

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11

Zhu, Jie, Zi Ming Wang, Xiao Liu, Xu Liang, and Hui Qun Li. "Research on Esterification Technology of Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer and its Cement Paste Fluidities." Applied Mechanics and Materials 405-408 (September 2013): 2857–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.405-408.2857.

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The synthesis process of esterification products used for the preparation of polycarboxylate superplasticizier (PCE) was systematically investigated, and the influences of water dosage, the catalyst dosage, reaction time and inhibitor dosage on the esterification rate and cement paste fluidities were determined. The results showed that the esterification rate can reach more than 95% as the water-carrying agent of 70 g, catalyst-alcohol ratio of 0.07, reaction time of 7 hours, inhibitor-acrylic acid ratio of 0.03, respectively. The obtained esterification products subsequently copolymerized wit

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12

Vasnev, V. A., G. D. Markova, B. A. Uvarov, W. Yu Voytekunas, and M. J. M. Abadie. "Catalysis of Trans-esterification Reactions in Model Ester Mixtures." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 7, no. 2 (2017): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj618.

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<p>Model trans-esterification reaction of n-butylbenzoate with phenyl-p-chlorobenzoate in the molar ratio of 20:1 has been studied. In order to evaluate catalysts based on lanthanide system the activity of nyodymium compounds – neodymium acetate, neodymium acetylacetonate and nitrate complex with benzo-12-crown-4 (neodymium nitrate coronate) – has been studied in the model trans-esterification reaction of n-butylbenzoate with phenyl-pchlorobenzoate. The effect of the electronic structure of the metal on the catalytic activity of the coronates of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium

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13

Drevon, C. A., R. Blomhoff, M. Rasmussen, G. M. Kindberg, T. Berg, and K. R. Norum. "Retinol esterification in cultured rat liver cells." Biochemical Journal 230, no. 3 (1985): 617–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2300617.

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Retinol esterification was examined in cultured hepatocytes and stellate cells from the rat. Esterification of [3H]retinol was linear for 2 h in both cell types. By increasing the concentration of retinol in the medium, there was a marked increase in retinol esterification in both cell types. The capacity for esterification of retinol was in the same order of magnitude in the two cell types at 3.5 microM-retinol in the medium. This represents a rate of retinol esterification which far exceeds that required to esterify the amount of retinol absorbed in the intestine. It was demonstrated in part

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14

Suaniti, Ni Made, I. Wayan Bandem Adnyana, Manuntun Manurung, and Nadya Hartasiwi. "Methyl Laurate Characterization from Enzymatic Esterification-Transesterification Process of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO)." Materials Science Forum 864 (August 2016): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.864.77.

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This Lauric acid is the most abundant fat in coconut oil, which can undergo an esterification and trans-esterification reactions to form methyl laurate. The aim of this study was to characterize the results obtained from lauric acid esterification and tran-esterification VCO enzymatic produce methyl esters with a distinctive odor ester. VCO enzymatic_methanol esterification (9: 1) with phosphoric acid catalyst and tran-esterification results esterification_methanol (1: 3) with KOH catalyst with varies time were 0.5; 1; 1.5; and 2 hours with the percentage obtained FAME row is 73.97; 78.09; 91.

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15

Lortie, Robert. "Enzyme catalyzed esterification." Biotechnology Advances 15, no. 1 (1997): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0734-9750(96)00046-8.

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16

GANDHI, NEENA N., NITIN S. PATIL, SUDHIRPRAKASH B. SAWANT, JYESHTHARAJ B. JOSHI, PRAMOD P. WANGIKAR, and D. MUKESH. "Lipase-Catalyzed Esterification." Catalysis Reviews 42, no. 4 (2000): 439–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/cr-100101953.

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17

Amaliyah, Suci. "SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CELLULOSE STEARATE ESTER FROM BACTERIAL CELLULOSE AND STEARIC ACID ENZYMATICALLY USING IMMOBILIZED LIPASE." Molekul 11, no. 2 (2016): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2016.11.2.225.

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The aims of this study were to determine the optimum conditions of enzymatic esterification between stearic acid with bacterial cellulose using immobilized lipase and to characterize the obtained ester. The optimum condition was observed by the effects of time and mass ratio of cellulose: stearic acid towards degree of esterification. The esterification reaction carried out in a heterogeneous system using n-butanol as solvent at 50 °C. The effect of reaction time on esterification degree is done by variating incubation time for 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30 hours. The influence of the mass ratio of cel

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18

Jacobsen, Elisabeth Egholm, and Thorleif Anthonsen. "Water content influences the selectivity of CALB-catalyzed kinetic resolution of phenoxymethyl-substituted secondary alcohols." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 80, no. 6 (2002): 577–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v02-068.

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Derivatives of 1-phenoxy-2-alkanols were kinetically resolved by esterification with irreversible and reversible acyl donors using lipase B from Candida antarctica (Novozyme 435) as a catalyst. To optimize the relative rate of reaction (the E-value), esterifications in eight different solvents with different water activities were performed. For 3-bromo-1-phenoxy-2-propanol (1), the E-values in all the solvents were higher when the water activity was increased, while the E-values for 1-phenoxy-2-pentanol (2) and 3-chloro-1-phenoxy-2-propanol (3) decreased by increasing water activity. The water

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19

Tang, Shi, and Lei Zhang. "Study on Esterifying Conditions of Shrinkage Reducing Monomer." Applied Mechanics and Materials 727-728 (January 2015): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.727-728.119.

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One system of Shrinkage reducing monomer was prepared by esterification reaction, the test method of esterification rate was discussed, to find out the significant factors of the esterification rate by using the orthogonal design. The influence of ether-to-acid mole ratio, reaction temperature, catalyst dosage and reaction time on the esterification was also investigated. The results demonstrate that the suitable esterifying conditions mainly require the suitable proportion of MA to C5H12O3 as 1~1.05 to 1, and under the temperature of 120~125°C, and 3~3.5hours of reaction time.

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20

Pang, Xiu-Yan, Pu Lv, Yi-Shuang Yang, Hai-Li Ren, and Fei Gong. "Estrification of Acetic Acid with Isoamyl Alcohol over Expandable Graphite Catalyst." E-Journal of Chemistry 5, no. 1 (2008): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/941953.

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The catalysis of expandable graphite for esterification of acetic acid with isoamyl alcohol has been studied. Expandable graphite was prepared with three different methods. In esterification reaction, the influences of catalyst amount, materials ratio, reaction time, prepared method of the expandable graphite on esterification reaction were discussed. X-ray diffraction spectrum of expandable graphite testified the existence of H2SO4intercalation reaction. Through L9(34) orthogonal experiment, optimum esterification reaction conditions were gained as: n(isoamyl alcohol):n(acetic acid)=1.5:1, w(

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21

Nugraheni, Ika Kusuma, Nuryati Nuryati, Anggun Angkasa Bela Persada, Triyono Triyono, and Wega Trisunaryanti. "Impregnated Zeolite as Catalyst in Esterification Treatment from High Free Fatty Acids Palm Oil Mill Effluent." Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan 16, no. 1 (2021): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.23955/rkl.v16i2.16378.

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Although Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) can be used as a raw material for biodiesel production, the POME contains an excessive amount of Free Fatty Acids (FFA), necessitating a preliminary process and esterification. POME is degummed using phosphate acid and bleached with carbon active. Additionally, this study used KOH-impregnated zeolite to reduce FFA. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of adding impregnated zeolite on esterification. POME was heated to 600C for 30 minutes, then degumming with 3 % of phosphate acid for 30 minutes, followed by bleaching with carbon active wit

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22

Bystrický, Slavomír, Rudolf Kohn, Tibor Sticzay, and Karel Bláha. "Formation of the poly(L-lysine) complex with pectin of various esterification degree." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 50, no. 5 (1985): 1097–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19851097.

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The circular dichroic (CD) measurement was chosen the tool to investigate the complex formation of poly(L-lysine) with potassium pectate or pectinate of various esterification degree (E). The polycation-polyanion (pectate, E 0%) 1 : 1 complex was quantitatively formed by an electrostatic interaction independently upon the excess of either component. The partial esterification of pectin resulted in a decrease of complex formation; this drop is at a 20% esterification degree low, at higher esterification degrees (46% and 64%) considerable, and at an esterification degree 86% the complex has not

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23

Ai, Youhong, Yangyang Zhan, Dongbo Cai та Shouwen Chen. "A Convenient and Highly Efficient Strategy for Esterification of Poly (γ-Glutamic Acid) with Alkyl Halides at Room Temperature". Polymers 17, № 1 (2024): 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17010010.

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The presented work discusses the highly efficient esterification of poly (γ-glutamic acid) (γ-PGA) with alkyl halides at room temperature. The esterification reaction was completed within 3 h, and the prepared γ-PGA esters were obtained with excellent yields (98.6%) when 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine (TMG) was used as a promoter. The influence of the amount of TMG, solvent, reaction conditions, and alkyl halides on the esterification reaction was examined. It was found that polar aprotic solvents, such as N-Methylpyrrolidone (NMP) and 1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI), were favorable for the

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24

Pradana, Yano Surya, Ardian Fauzi, Sangga Hadi Pratama, and Hanifrahmawan Sudibyo. "Simulation of biodiesel production using hydro-esterification process from wet microalgae." MATEC Web of Conferences 154 (2018): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815401007.

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Recently, algae have received a lot of attention as a new biomass source for the production of renewable energy, such as biodiesel. Conventionally, biodiesel is made through esterification or transesterification of oils where the process involves a catalyst and alcohol to be reacted in a reactor. However, this process is energy intensive for drying and extraction step. To overcome this situation, we studied simulation of a new route of hydro-esterification process which is combine hydrolysis and esterification processes for biodiesel production from wet microalgae. Firstly, wet microalgae trea

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25

Liu, Guangrui, Shiwei Guo, Benqiao He, Jianxin Li, and Xiaoming Qian. "Synthesis of Butyl Acetate in a Membrane Reactor in a Flow-Through Mode." International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering 14, no. 2 (2016): 579–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2015-0198.

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Abstract A composite catalytic membrane (CCM), as a heterogeneous catalyst, was prepared from sulfonated polyethersulfone (SPES) and polyethersulfone (PES) impregnating polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) non-woven fabric by solvent evaporation method, which was employed to produce butyl acetate from continuous esterification of acetic acid with n-butyl alcohol in a flow-through mode. The pervaporation-assisted esterification was also carried out to promote forward reaction of the esterification through online removing the water produced. The results showed that the n-butyl alcohol conversion was over

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26

Magura, Miroslav, Ján Vojtko, Eva Zemanová, Alexander Kaszonyi, and Ján Ilavský. "Esterification kinetics of phenol with phosphoryl trichloride." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 54, no. 3 (1989): 608–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19890608.

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The liquid-phase esterification kinetics of phenol with POCl3 has been studied at isothermal conditions within the temperature interval from 90 to 110 °C. The esterification rate constants of the first, second, and third esterification steps and the activation energies of these steps have been calculated. The given system of competitive consecutive reactions can be described by a system of differential equations which has been solved by the Gauss-Newton optimization method of non-linear regression in the Marquardt modification. In the sequence of the first, second, and third step the esterific

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27

Terblans, Yvette M., Johannes J. Huyser, Michelle Huyser, Michael J. Green, Desmond A. Young, and Mike S. Sibiya. "Aluminium triflate as catalyst for epoxide ring-opening and esterification reactions Mechanistic aspects." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 83, no. 6-7 (2005): 854–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v05-098.

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Al(CF3SO3)3 is a highly effective catalyst for the ring opening of epoxides with methanol, as well as for the esterification of carboxylic acids with alcohols. Factors that influence the rate of the ring opening of butene oxide with methanol and the esterification of acetic acid with n-propanol and ethanol were investigated. It was found that low concentrations (e.g., ~5 ppm) of Al(CF3SO3)3 catalyze the ring-opening reactions, whereas considerably higher concentrations are required for esterification reactions. Molecular modeling studies suggest that these differences can be rationalized in te

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28

Altuntepe, Emrah, Vladimir N. Emel’yanenko, Maximilian Forster-Rotgers, Gabriele Sadowski, Sergey P. Verevkin, and Christoph Held. "Thermodynamics of enzyme-catalyzed esterifications: II. Levulinic acid esterification with short-chain alcohols." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 101, no. 20 (2017): 7509–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-017-8481-4.

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29

Yang, Zhengquan, Mingyu Peng, Yu Li, et al. "Improved Esterification of Citric Acid and n-Butanol Using a Dense and Acid-Resistant Beta Zeolite Membrane." Membranes 12, no. 12 (2022): 1269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12121269.

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In this work, a dense and acid-resistant beta zeolite membrane was applied to improve the esterification of citric acid and n-butanol, for the first time. Through the continuous removal of the by-product water via pervaporation (PV), the conversion of citric acid was significantly enhanced from 71.7% to 99.2% using p-Toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) as catalyst. PTSA was a well-known strong acid, and the membrane kept almost no change after PV-esterification, indicating the superior acid resistance of beta zeolite membrane. Compared to the use of acid-resistant MOR zeolite membrane by PV-esterifica

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Ummu Kalsum, Ahmad Roesyadi, Mahfud Mahfud, Mahmuddin, and Lamatinulu. "The effect of n-hexane as co-solvent in direct trans esterification of Spirulina platensis using microwave." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 16, no. 3 (2022): 741–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.16.3.1407.

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The addition of co-solvent on in situ trans esterification was considered as one of method to improve the extractive process and increase in yield of biodiesel from microalgae. In this study, in situ trans esterification with co-solvent using microwave was studied for improving performance of in situ trans esterification from microalgae. The biodiesel produced from this method was compared with the in situ trans esterification without co-solvent addition. In the optimal reaction conditions (ratio of microalgae to methanol 1:15 w /v; 30 ml of co-solvent and 30 % of H2SO4) at 50 min of reaction

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31

Lu, Xianghong, Yi Zhang, Yunliang Yu, and Jianbing Ji. "Deacidification and esterifaction of waste cooking oil: Comparison of the coupled process with stand-alone catalytic esterification and extraction processes." BioResources 5, no. 1 (2009): 147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.5.1.147-158.

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The free fatty acids in waste oil with high acid value were removed and transformed into fatty acid methyl esters by the extraction-reaction coupled process. The de-acidification efficiency and esterification conversion in the extraction-reaction coupled process were studied and compared with those in the stand-alone extraction process and the esterification process, respectively. Compared with cross-current batch extraction, the de-acidification efficiency of the extraction-reaction coupled process was equivalent to that of seven equilibrium stages in the conditions of the oil/methanol mass r

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32

Ummu, Kalsum, Roesyadi Ahmad, Mahfud Mahfud, Mahmuddin, and Lamatinulu. "The effect of n-hexane as co-solvent in direct trans esterification of Spirulina platensis using microwave." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 16, no. 3 (2022): 741–46. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7903545.

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The addition of co-solvent on in situ trans esterification was considered as one of method to improve the extractive process and increase in yield of biodiesel from microalgae. In this study, in situ trans esterification with co-solvent using microwave was studied for improving performance of in situ trans esterification from microalgae. The biodiesel produced from this method was compared with the in situ trans esterification without co-solvent addition. In the optimal reaction conditions (ratio of microalgae to methanol 1:15 w /v; 30 ml of co-solvent and 30 % of H2SO4) at 50 min of reaction

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33

Michael, Ioelovich. "Study of heat effects of topochemical esterification of cellulose." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 23, no. 1 (2024): 1232–41. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14795173.

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This research studied the heat effects of topochemical esterification of cellulose, namely, nitration and acetylation.  Depending on the conditions, the esterification process can occur in two main topochemical directions: bulk and local. In a bulk process, the reagent reacts with both amorphous domains (ADs) and crystallites (CRs) of cellulose. However, in local esterification, the reagent reacts with the most accessible ADs only, whereas CRs remain almost unreacted. It has been established that the bulk nitration of cellulose to a substitution degree (DS) of 1.5 is endothermic and deter

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Li, Huan, Yunxiang Qiao, Li Hua, et al. "Imidazolium Polyoxometalate: An Ionic Liquid Catalyst for Esterification and Oxidative Esterification." ChemCatChem 2, no. 9 (2010): 1165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201000021.

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35

Lailatusholihah, Isna, Angga Suganda, Micha Mahardika, Dina Alva Prastiwi, and Boima Situmeang. "Sintesis Metil Ester sebagai Biodie¬sel Minyak Biji Kesambi (Schleichera oleosa L.) melalui Esterifikasi dan Transesterifikasi." Arfak Chem: Chemistry Education Journal 7, no. 1 (2024): 563–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.30862/accej.v7i1.592.

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Synthesis of methyl ester as biodiesel kesambi seed oil (schleichera oleosa l.) through esterification and transesterification has been successfully conducted. Kesambi seeds are one of the seeds that can produce essential oils, which is about 70%. The methods used in this study are esterification and transesterification. Characterization of methyl ester compound used H-NMR spectrometry The procedure was sample preparation, degumming, esterification, transesterification, and biodiesel quality test. The esterification process had been two steps using a methanol ratio of 20: 1. The biodiesel qual

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Zhang, Bingxin, Xiaona Wang, Weiqi Tang, Chuanfu Wu, Qunhui Wang, and Xiaohong Sun. "Carbon-Based Solid Acid Catalyzed Esterification of Soybean Saponin-Acidified Oil with Methanol Vapor for Biodiesel Synthesis." Sustainability 15, no. 18 (2023): 13670. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151813670.

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In this study, carbon-based solid acids were used to catalyze the esterification of soybean saponin-acidified oil (SSAO) with methanol vapor for the synthesis of biodiesel. The esterification conversion under different conditions was determined, and the catalyst components were determined using acid-base titration, elemental analysis, and inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy. The results showed that the conversion of SSAO under the optimal esterification conditions (i.e., catalyst loading of 6 wt%, methanol/oil molar ratio of 50:1, reaction temperature of 76 °C, and reaction time of 4 h) wa

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Ma, Ran, Liang-Nian He, An-Hua Liu, and Qing-Wen Song. "Cu(ii)-catalyzed esterification reaction via aerobic oxidative cleavage of C(CO)–C(alkyl) bonds." Chemical Communications 52, no. 10 (2016): 2145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cc09146b.

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F. de la Torre, Alexander, Akbar Ali, Bernhard Westermann, Guillermo Schmeda-Hirschmann, and Mariano Walter Pertino. "An efficient cyclization of lapachol to new benzo[h]chromene hybrid compounds: a stepwisevs.one-pot esterification-click (CuAAC) study." New Journal of Chemistry 42, no. 24 (2018): 19591–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nj03699c.

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Comparison of one-potvs.stepwise esterification of lapachol to obtain highly diversified heterocycles. Whereas the one-pot esterification leads to mono esterified lapachol, the tandem approach generated benzo[h]chromene.

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Wicakso, Doni Rahmat, Anniy Nurin Najma, and Diah Ayu Retnowati. "CRUDE BIODIESEL SYNTHESIS FROM RUBBER SEED OIL." Konversi 7, no. 1 (2019): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/k.v7i1.4872.

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Abstract-Biodiesel is a diesel engine fuel made from oil containing triglycerides as well as rubber seed oil. This research aims to study how the extraction process of rubber seed oil, to know the effect of crude biodiesel manufacturing process by transesterification and esterification-transesterification and the addition of different catalysts on the transesterification process of crude biodiesel produced. Esterification process use H2SO4 catalyst and transesterification process use KOH and NaOH catalyst. The process of making crude biodiesel done by transesterification and can also by the me

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Neitzel, Andrew S., Andrew N. Carley, and David L. Severson. "Chylomicron and palmitate metabolism by perfused hearts from diabetic mice." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 284, no. 2 (2003): E357—E365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00380.2002.

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Hydrolysis of triacylglycerols (TG) in circulating chylomicrons by endothelium-bound lipoprotein lipase (LPL) provides a source of fatty acids (FA) for cardiac metabolism. The effect of diabetes on the metabolism of chylomicrons by perfused mouse hearts was investigated with db/db (type 2) and streptozotocin (STZ)-treated (type 1) diabetic mice. Endothelium-bound heparin-releasable LPL activity was unchanged in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic hearts. The metabolism of LPL-derived FA was examined by perfusing hearts with chylomicrons containing radiolabeled TG and by measuring 3H2O accumulation

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Mahmudova, F., A. Maksumova, N. Matkarimova, Sh Tadjieva, and I. Latipova. "Study of the reaction of olefins with acetic acid." E3S Web of Conferences 402 (2023): 14020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202340214020.

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The purpose of this work is to study the esterification of liquid olefins with acetic acid in the presence of catalysts and to study the structure and properties of the synthesized saturated esters. 1-Hexene, 2-methyl-1-pentene, 2-ethyl-1-pentene, 3-methyl-1-pentene, and 3-methyl-2-pentene were used as liquid olefins and acid catalysts were used as catalysts for the esterification reaction: H2SO4 and HCl. The influence of various factors (the nature of the catalysts, the relative activity of olefins and temperature a) on the rate of the esterification reaction was studied. It has been shown th

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Curie, Catia Angli, Dianursanti, Wiratni Budhijanto, and Misri Gozan. "Titration vs. GC-MS Analysis to Determine the Factors Affecting the Esterification Activity of Candida rugosa Lipase Immobilized onto Celite." E3S Web of Conferences 503 (2024): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202450301003.

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The activity of lipases to catalyze the synthesis of esters in a non-aqueous environment can be assessed by performing a simple esterification study. In such tests, titration of the remaining acid has been one of the most used methods to determine the reaction progress due to its simplicity. Nonetheless, the execution of the titration is not always as simple as it sounds. In this study, Candida rugosa lipase is immobilized onto celite matrix, and its esterification activity was evaluated by catalyzing the reaction between butanol and butyric acid. Among the factors affecting the esterification

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Sumardiono, S., S. R. Nuswantari, B. Jos, and H. Cahyono. "Effect of single step oxidation-esterification process on the physicochemical properties of modified cassava starch." Food Research 8, Supplementary 1 (2024): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.8(s1).16.

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The oxidation and esterification are examples of starch modification processes which is often carried out. The conventional combination of the oxidation-esterification process has many defects due to its wasting of time, energy-consuming and quality-damping. This research focuses on combining chemical modification processes to produce modified cassava starch by developing a single-step process of oxidation-esterification and a drying process using a rotary UV dryer. The oxidized-esterified cassava starch is characterized by Fourier-transformed insfrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction,

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Zhang, Chunyan, Guoying Zhang, Shizhong Luo, Chunfu Wang, and Huiping Li. "Base-catalyzed selective esterification of alcohols with unactivated esters." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 16, no. 44 (2018): 8467–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ob02411a.

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tert-Butyl esters were identified as efficient esterification reagents for base-catalyzed esterification reactions, and mechanistic studies provided evidence of an exchange of the tert-butyl alkoxide metal with alcohol.

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EBRAHIMI, PAYLO, MOJTABA KOOSHA, SEPIDEH HAMEDI, ELHAM VATANKHAH, and REZA SHIDPOUR. "SURFACE FUNCTIONALIZATION OF KENAF FIBERS WITH LAUROYL CHLORIDE: EFFECTS OF ALKALINE PRETREATMENT METHOD." Cellulose Chemistry and Technology 58, no. 1-2 (2024): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2024.58.11.

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Surface functionalization of cellulose fibers is the current focus of research seeking to develop composite materials for various applications. One reason is the low compatibility of natural cellulose-based fibers with thermoplastic matrices for the production of wood-plastic composites. In this research, kenaf fibers (KF) were esterified with lauroyl chloride. Before the esterification reaction, two alkaline pretreatment methods were used: Bain-Marie at low temperature, and at high temperature and pressure in the digester. SEM results showed a smoother surface morphology after esterification.

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Nguyen, Hoang Chinh, Fu-Ming Wang, Kim Khue Dinh, et al. "Microwave-Assisted Noncatalytic Esterification of Fatty Acid for Biodiesel Production: A Kinetic Study." Energies 13, no. 9 (2020): 2167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13092167.

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This study developed a microwave-mediated noncatalytic esterification of oleic acid for producing ethyl biodiesel. The microwave irradiation process outperformed conventional heating methods for the reaction. A highest reaction conversion, 97.62%, was achieved by performing esterification with microwave irradiation at a microwave power of 150 W, 2:1 ethanol:oleic acid molar ratio, reaction time of 6 h, and temperature of 473 K. A second-order reaction model (R2 of up to 0.997) was established to describe esterification. The reaction rate constants were promoted with increasing microwave power

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Shi, Wen Ying, Hong Bin Li, and Rong Zhou. "A Novel SPES/PES Catalytic Membrane for Production Biodiesel: Optimization by Central Composite Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 628 (September 2014): 338–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.628.338.

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A sulfonated polyethersulfone (SPES)/polyethersulfone (PES) blend catalytic membrane was prepared and used as a heterogeneous catalyst in the esterification of oleic acid with methanol for producing biodiesel. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize the three important reaction variables methanol/oleic acid mass ratio, catalytic membrane loading and reaction time for the esterification by SPES/PES blend catalytic membrane. The optimum condition for the esterification was as follows: methanol/oleic acid mass ratio 1:1, catalytic membrane l

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S., Sadeghipour, Alipour E., and A. Bigdeli M. "Synthesis of glycerol monooleate in presence of solid bed catalysts along with the analysis, detection and separation by GC-MS technique." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 91, Jul 2014 (2014): 1347–50. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5726546.

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Department of Chemistry, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran <em>E-mail </em>: sa_sadeghipour@yahoo.com Faculty of Chemistry, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran <em>Manuscript received online 13 February 2014, revised 15 February 2014, accepted 24 February 2014</em> Glycerol oleates are non-ionic emulsifiers with low HLB. Two methods of synthesis of such compounds include esterification and trans-esterification. In this project, synthesis of glycerol oleates using new solid bed catalysts, Amberlyst 16 resin and silica-gel sulfuric acid 10%, esterification method was inves

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Barbosa, Sandro L., Myrlene Ottone, Milton de S. Freitas, et al. "Synthesis of Phenyl Esters Using SiO2–SO3H Catalyst in Conventional Heating and Microwave-Irradiated Esterification Processes." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 19, no. 6 (2019): 3663–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2019.16104.

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A SiO2–SO3H amorphous catalyst containing a small surface area of 115.0 m2g−1 and 1.32 mmol H+/g was prepared from fine construction sand and sodium carbonate and sulfonated with H2SO4. In a 10% (w/w) basis, it is very efficient for catalyzing the esterification of carboxylic acids with phenol. The reaction processes were performed using conventional heating and under microwave irradiation. The yields were higher in the microwave-irradiated esterification. The catalyst could be used for three esterification sequences in both processes.

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Turri, Marta, Elisa Conti, Chiara Pavanello, et al. "Cholesterol esterification is hampered in alzheimer’s disease and cholesteryl esters composition is consequently altered." European Atherosclerosis Journal 3, no. 1 (2024): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.56095/eaj.v3i1.72.

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Introduction and Aim: Several epidemiological studies indicate a strong inverse association between the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and plasma HDL-C levels. The mechanism by which plasma HDL influence the pathogenesis and progression of AD is still unsolved and since cholesterol esterification is a crucial step in HDL metabolism it could be involved. The purpose of this study was to evaluate cholesterol esterification and HDL subclasses in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) patients. Methods: The study enrolled 70 AD patients and 74 cognitively-nor

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