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Academic literature on the topic 'Esters – Synthesis'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Esters – Synthesis"

1

Janin, Yves, Vincent Hervin, Eloi Coutant, and Glwadys Gagnot. "Synthesis of α-Amino Esters via α-Nitro or α-Oxime Esters: A Review." Synthesis 49, no. 18 (August 9, 2017): 4093–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1589506.

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This review is an in-depth survey of the reported synthetic approaches for the preparation of racemic α-amino esters via the reduction of α-nitro or α-oxime ester intermediates. Accordingly, it describes the many pathways that have been designed to prepare such intermediates. This includes synthesis starting with α-nitroacetates, dialkyl malonates, acetoacetates, diethyl oxalates as well as [2+3] or [2+4] cycloadditions using, respectively, alkyl carbonocyanidate N-oxides or alkyl 2-nitrosoacrylates. This review also contains the description of a myriad of side reactions which can occur when working with α-nitro esters.1 Introduction2 α-Amino Esters from α-Nitroacetates via Condensation Reactions3 α-Amino Esters via C-Alkylation or C-Arylation of α-Nitroacetates4 α-Amino Esters from α-Nitroacetates Using Other Reactions5 Synthesis of α-Amino Esters via α-Oxime Esters6 Synthesis of α-Amino Esters via [2+3] Cycloadditions7 Synthesis of α-Amino Esters via [2+4] Cycloadditions8 On the Reduction of α-Oxime Esters9 Conclusion

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2

Bardi, Laura, Cristina Crivelli, and Mario Marzona. "Esterase activity and release of ethyl esters of medium-chain fatty acids by Saccharomyces cerevisiae during anaerobic growth." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 44, no. 12 (December 1, 1998): 1171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w98-124.

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During anaerobic fermentation, Saccharomyces cerevisiae releases large amounts of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) and related ethyl esters which are very important for aromatic quality of fermented beverages. The physiological function of ester synthesis is not yet understood. As MCFAs are toxic, their conversion to esters has been proposed to be a detoxification mechanism. Esterases possess ester synthesizing ability. Throughout an anaerobic fermentation of a lipid-free synthetic medium carried out with a S. cerevisiae strain selected for wine making, we have monitored MCFA and ethyl ester production and, at the same time, measured growth and esterasic activity of intact cells. Because no correlation was found between the concentration of each fatty acid and its ethyl ester, there is no evidence that ester synthesis reduces the toxicity of MCFAs. Esterasic activity did not show any correlation with ester synthesis, but it was related to the release of MCFAs. A model is proposed in which ester synthesis is a consequence of the arrest of lipid biosynthesis resulting from a lack of oxygen. Under these conditions, an excess of acyl coenzyme A is produced, and acyl esters are formed as secondary products of reactions aimed at recovering free coenzyme A.Key words: yeast, esterase, medium-chain fatty acids, toxicity, ethyl esters.

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3

Aizouq, Mohammed, Helga Peisker, Katharina Gutbrod, Michael Melzer, Georg Hölzl, and Peter Dörmann. "Triacylglycerol and phytyl ester synthesis inSynechocystissp. PCC6803." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 11 (March 2, 2020): 6216–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1915930117.

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Cyanobacteria are unicellular prokaryotic algae that perform oxygenic photosynthesis, similar to plants. The cells harbor thylakoid membranes composed of lipids related to those of chloroplasts in plants to accommodate the complexes of photosynthesis. The occurrence of storage lipids, including triacylglycerol or wax esters, which are found in plants, animals, and some bacteria, nevertheless remained unclear in cyanobacteria. We show here that the cyanobacteriumSynechocystissp. PCC6803 accumulates both triacylglycerol and wax esters (fatty acid phytyl esters). Phytyl esters accumulate in higher levels under abiotic stress conditions. The analysis of an insertional mutant revealed that the acyltransferase slr2103, with sequence similarity to plant esterase/lipase/thioesterase (ELT) proteins, is essential for triacylglycerol and phytyl ester synthesis inSynechocystis. The recombinant slr2103 enzyme showed acyltransferase activity with phytol and diacylglycerol, thus producing phytyl esters and triacylglycerol. Acyl-CoA thioesters were the preferred acyl donors, while acyl-ACP (acyl carrier protein), free fatty acids, or galactolipid-bound fatty acids were poor substrates. The slr2103 protein sequence is unrelated to acyltransferases from bacteria (AtfA) or plants (DGAT1, DGAT2, PDAT), and therefore establishes an independent group of bacterial acyltransferases involved in triacylglycerol and wax ester synthesis. The identification of the geneslr2103responsible for triacylglycerol synthesis in cyanobacteria opens the possibility of using prokaryotic photosynthetic cells in biotechnological applications.

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4

Ramapanicker, Ramesh, Rohit Gupta, Rajendran Megha, and Srinivasan Chandrasekaran. "Applications of Propargyl Esters of Amino Acids in Solution-Phase Peptide Synthesis." International Journal of Peptides 2011 (June 16, 2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/854952.

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Propargyl esters are employed as effective protecting groups for the carboxyl group during solution-phase peptide synthesis. The propargyl ester groups can be introduced onto free amino acids by treating them with propargyl alcohol saturated with HCl. The reaction between propargyl groups and tetrathiomolybdate is exploited to deblock the propargyl esters. The removal of the propargyl group with the neutral reagent tetrathiomolybdate ensures that most of the other protecting groups used in peptide synthesis are untouched. Both acid labile and base labile protecting groups can be removed in the presence of a propargyl ester. Amino acids protected as propargyl esters are employed to synthesize di- to tetrapeptides in solution-phase demonstrating the possible synthetic utilities of the methodology. The methodology described here could be a valuable addition to currently available strategies for peptide synthesis.

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5

Nguyen, Trang, Hung Mac, and Phong Pham. "Preparation of Key Intermediates for the Syntheses of Coenzyme Q10 and Derivatives by Cross-Metathesis Reactions." Molecules 25, no. 3 (January 21, 2020): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25030448.

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An alternative catalytic strategy for the preparation of benzylmethacrylate esters, key intermediates in the synthesis of coenzyme Q10 and derivatives, was reported. This strategy avoided undesirable stoichiometric reduction/oxidation processes by utilizing the catalytic formation of allylarenes and then cross-metathesis to selectively form E-benzylmethacrylate esters with good yields (58–64%) and complete E-selectivity. The ester intermediates were reduced to common key benzylallylic alcohols (90–92% yield), which were subsequently used in the formal syntheses of coenzyme Q10 and one derivative.

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6

Zhou, Yongyun, Ruhima Khan, Baomin Fan, and Lijin Xu. "Ruthenium-Catalyzed Selective Reduction of Carboxylic Esters and Carboxamides." Synthesis 51, no. 12 (April 30, 2019): 2491–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1611524.

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Amines and alcohols are important classes of building blocks in organic synthesis. The synthesis of these compounds has been a topic of interest. A straightforward method for their synthesis is the reduction of esters and amides to alcohols and amines, respectively. Various transition-metal catalysts have been developed for the homogeneous hydrogenation of esters and amides to alcohols and amines. In this review, an overview of the ruthenium-catalyzed selective hydrogenation of esters and amides is provided.1 General Introduction2 Ru-Catalyzed Reduction of Esters3 Ru-Catalyzed Selective Reduction of Amides4 Conclusions

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7

Santoso, Aman, Abdurrohman, Anugrah Ricky Wijaya, Dedek Sukarianingsih, Sumari, and Daratu Eviana Kusuma Putri. "Synthesis of Methyl Ester from Rice Bran Oil through the Esterification Reaction." Key Engineering Materials 851 (July 2020): 164–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.851.164.

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Vegetable oil is one of rice bran components. As triglycerides, vegetable oil can be converted to fatty acid and alkyl esters for further treatments. Synthesis of alkyl ester oil can be carried out by esterification or transesterification reaction, depending on the quality of the oil and the catalyst. The purposes of this study are 1) Rice bran oil isolation, 2) Oil esterification 3) Characterization and identification of the methyl ester that compose rice bran oil. The stages in this research are 1) Extraction of rice bran oil, 2) Synthesis of methyl ester from rice bran through esterification reaction, 3) Methyl ester characterization of rice bran oil and its potential test as biodiesel included determination of density, viscosity, refractive index, and acid number test, 4) The identification of synthesized methyl esters composition using GC-MS. The results showed that rice bran oil has a yield of 18.09%. Synthesis of methyl esters from rice bran oil through the esterification reaction with a catalyst acid yields 72.37%. The characters of the synthesized methyl ester are on the range of biodiesel quality standards, namely, the density is 0.850 g/mL, viscosity is 4.73 cSt, a refractive index is 1.45871, and an acid number is 0.76 g KOH/g methyl ester, therefore it is claimed that the synthesized methyl esters have the potential as biodiesel. The GC-MS result showed the presence of compounds methyl tetradecanoate (0.38%), methyl hexadecanoate (40.67%), methyl 9-octadecenoate (53.68%), methyl octadecanoate (5.02%), and methyl eicosanoate (0.14%).

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8

Ghalia, Mohamed H., Mohamed Abd El-Hamid, Mohamed A. Zweil, Abd El-Galil E. Amr, and Shimaa A. Moafi. "Synthesis and Reactions of New Chiral Linear and Macrocyclic Tetraand Penta-peptide Candidates." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 67, no. 8 (August 1, 2012): 806–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5560/znb.2012-0116.

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9a A series of linear and macrocyclic pentapeptide derivatives have been prepared via the coupling of pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (1) or pyridine-2,6-dicarbonyl dichloride (2) with appropriate amino acid methyl esters. The coupling of 1or 2with aminoacid methyl esters gave the corresponding pyridine dipeptide methyl esters 3, which were hydrolyzed with sodium hydroxide to the corresponding acids 4. The latter compounds 4were coupled with other amino acid methyl esters to afford the corresponding tetrapeptide esters 5, which were hydrolyzed with sodium hydroxide to the corresponding acids 6. Cyclization of tetrapeptide acids with L-lysine methyl ester or with aliphatic diamide derivatives afforded the corresponding cyclic pentapeptide methyl ester derivatives 7and cyclic tetrapeptide diamines 8, respectively. Finally, hydrolysis with 1 N sodium hydroxide or hydrazinolysis with hydrazine hydrate of methyl esters 7afforded the corresponding acids - e and hydrazides 10a - e, respectively

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Rajendran, Aravindan, Anbumathi Palanisamy, and Viruthagiri Thangavelu. "Lipase catalyzed ester synthesis for food processing industries." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 52, no. 1 (February 2009): 207–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132009000100026.

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Lipases are one of the most important industrial biocatalyst which catalyzes the hydrolysis of lipids. It can also reverse the reaction at minimum water activity. Because of this pliable nature, it is widely exploited to catalyze the diverse bioconversion reactions, such as hydrolysis, esterification, interesterification, alcoholysis, acidolysis and aminolysis. The property to synthesize the esters from the fatty acids and glycerol promotes its use in various ester synthesis. The esters synthesized by lipase finds applications in numerous fields such as biodiesel production, resolution of the recemic drugs, fat and lipid modification, flavour synthesis, synthesis of enantiopure pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. It plays a crucial role in the food processing industries since the process is unaffected by the unwanted side products. Lipase modifications such as the surfactant coating, molecular imprinting to suit for the non-aqueous ester synthesis have also been reported. This review deals with lipase catalyzed ester synthesis, esterification strategies, optimum conditions and their applications in food processing industries.

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10

Arima, Jiro, Yoshiko Uesugi, Misugi Uraji, Masaki Iwabuchi, and Tadashi Hatanaka. "Dipeptide Synthesis by an Aminopeptidase from Streptomyces septatus TH-2 and Its Application to Synthesis of Biologically Active Peptides." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 6 (June 2006): 4225–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00150-06.

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ABSTRACT Dipeptide synthesis by aminopeptidase from Streptomyces septatus TH-2 (SSAP) was demonstrated using free amino acid as an acyl donor and aminoacyl methyl ester as an acyl acceptor in 98% methanol (MeOH). SSAP retained its activity after more than 100 h in 98% MeOH, and in the case of phenylalanyl-phenylalanine methyl ester synthesis, the enzyme reaction reached equilibrium when more than 50% of the free phenylalanine was converted to the product. In an investigation of the specificity of SSAP toward acyl donors and acyl acceptors, SSAP showed a broad specificity toward various free amino acids and aminoacyl methyl esters. Furthermore, we applied SSAP to the synthesis of several biologically active peptides, such as aspartyl-phenylalanine, alanyl-tyrosine, and valyl-tyrosine methyl esters.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Esters – Synthesis"

1

Scott, Richard. "Synthetic approaches towards the synthesis of phorbol esters." Thesis, University of Reading, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314251.

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2

Belogi, Gianluca. "Boronate esters in oligosaccharide synthesis." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367628.

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3

Zheng, Xueyan. "Regioselective Synthesis of Cellulose Esters." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49540.

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Cellulose is an extraordinarily abundant polymer that can be harvested and purified from trees and other renewable sources. Cellulose derivatives have been widely used as coatings, optical films, fibers, molded objects, and matrices for controlled release. The properties of cellulose derivatives are not only affected by the degree of substitution, but also by the position of substitution. In order to establish the structure-property relationships of cellulose derivatives, it is of great importance to impart regioselectivity into functionalized cellulose. However, regioselective substitution of cellulose is extremely challenging, especially in the synthesis of regioselectively functionalized cellulose esters due to the unstable ester bond under aqueous alkaline or acid conditions. In this dissertation, the main objective is to search for new tools to synthesize regioselectively substituted cellulose esters, to understand how structural changes impact properties and performance, and thus to design cellulose derivatives delivering high performance. Several strategies for regioselective preparation of cellulose esters are discussed in detail. The obtained regioselective cellulose esters were fully characterized analytically.
Ph. D.

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4

Schaff, Jilla. "Fluorinated esters : synthesis and identification." PDXScholar, 1988. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3921.

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Reactions of different alcohols with 2-hydroxy - 1- trifluoromethyl -1,2,2-trifluoroethanesulfonic acid sultone were studied. Six new esters were prepared: C6F5OC(O)CF(CF3)SO2F, CH3CH2OC(O)CF(CF3)SO2F, CF3CH2OC(O)CF(CF3)SO2F, (CF3)2CHOC(O)CF(CF3)SO2F, CH2=CHCH20C(O)CF(CF3)SO2F, (CH2OC(O)CF(CF3)SO2F)2. Analytical data, infrared, nmr and mass spectra are presented supporting the proposed structures for these new compounds.

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5

Mohammadi, Farahnaz. "Total synthesis of lavendamycin esters and analogs." Virtual Press, 1993. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/865964.

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The purpose of this research was to synthesize 7-bromodeaminolavendamycin methyl ester (11), deaminolavendamycin methyl ester (19), 7-N-isobutyryldemethyllavendamycin methyl ester (54), 7-N-acetyldemethyllavendamycin ethyl ester (64), 7-Nisobutyryldemethyllavendamycin butyl ester (76), 7-N-isobutyryldemethyllavendamycin tbutyl ester (78), 7-N-cetyldemethyllavendamycin phenyl ester(79), and 7-Nisobutyryldemethyllavendamycin isopropyl ester (80).Lavendamycins 54, 64, 76, 80 were synthesized via the Pictet-Spengler condensation of the corresponding tryptophan esters with 7-N-acetamido-2-formylquinolinedione (91) or 7-N-isobutyramido-2-formylquinolinedione (92). 3-Carbomethoxy-l-( 8-hydroxyquinoline2-yl )-4-methyl-(3-carboline (18), and 3-carbomethoxy-l-(5-acetamido-8-acetoxy-7bromo-2-yl)-4-methyl-(3-carboline (109) were also prepared through the Pictet-Spengler condensation of p-methyl tryptophan methyl ester with 2-formyl-8-hydroxyquinoline (103) and 5-acetamido-8-acetoxy-7-bromo-2-formylquinoline (108), respectively.Compounds 18 and 109 were oxidized by potassium dichromate or Fremy's salt to give deaminolavendamycin methyl ester (19) and 7-bromodeaminolavendamycin methyl ester (11) respectively.7-Isobutyramido-2-formylquinoline-5,8-dione (92) was prepared according to the following general procedure. 8-Hydroxy-2-methylquinoline (26) was reacted with a 70% mixture of HNO3 / H2SO4 to produce 8-hydroxy-2-methyl-5,7-dinitroquinoline (39). Compound 39 was reduced by H2 / Pd-C and then reacted with isobutyric anhydride in the presence of sodium sulfite and sodium acetate to produce 88. Recrystallization of 88 with methanol gave 5,7-diisobutyramido-8-hydroxy-2-methylquinoline (98). Compound 98 was suspended in acetic acid and oxidized by a solution of potassium dichromate to give 7isobutyramido-2-methylquinoline-5,8-dione (90). The dione derivative 90 was oxidized by selenium dioxide in 1,4-dioxane to yield the target aldehyde 92. 2-Formyl-8hydroxyquinoline (103) was synthesized through a selenium dioxide oxidation of 8hydroxy-2-methylquinoline (26).Ester 96 was prepared by the Fischer esterification of L-tryptophan with an excess amount of isopropyl alcohol in the presence of dry HCI. L-Tryptophan phenyl ester (97) was prepared through a two-step reaction. NCBZ-L-tryptophan (101) was treated with phenol and BOP reagent in the presence of triethylamine in acetonitrile to yield NCBZ-L tryptophan phenyl ester (102). The N-protected ester was reduced to L-tryptophan phenyl ester (97) by ammonium formate in the presence of palladium on charcoal in N,Ndimethylformamide. Esters 93-95 were obtained by the treatment of their commercially available hydrochloride salts with 14% NH4OH and then extraction with ethyl acetate.The structures of the compounds 11, 18, 19, 54, 64, 76, 80, 88, 90, 92, 96, 97, 98, 102, 103, 106, 108 and 109 were comfirmed through tH NMR, IR, and MS. Elemental analyses of 90, 92, 96, 98, 103 and 106 and HRMS of 98, 19, 54, 76, 95, 109 are also included. 1H NMR are also provided for compounds 39, 94,95.
Department of Chemistry

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6

Smyth, G. Darren. "Asymmetric synthesis via #beta#-amino esters." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297678.

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7

Khan, Ghulam Ahmed. "Enzymatic synthesis of L-DOPA esters." Thesis, University of Reading, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333598.

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8

Olang, Fatemeh. "Total synthesis of lavendamycin analogs." Virtual Press, 1995. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/958797.

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The synthesis of 7-N -furoyllavendamycin methyl ester (35), 7-N -furoyl demethyllavendamycin methyl ester (36), 7-N -furoyldemethyllavendamycin ethyl ester (37), 7-N -furoyldemethyllavendamycin propyl ester (38), 7-N -furoyl demethyl lavendamycin butyl ester (39), 7-N -furoyldemethyllavendamycin isoamyl ester (40),7-N -furoyldemethyllavendamycin cyclohexyl ester (41), 7-N -furoyldemethyl lavendamycin octyl ester (42), 7-N -furoyldecarboxydemethyllavendamycin (43), and demethyl lavendamycin isoamyl ester (44) are described. Pictet-Spengler condensation of 7-furoylamino-2-formylquinoline-5, 8-dione (55) with (3-methyltryptophan methyl ester (4), Ltryptophan methyl ester (56), L-tryptophan ethyl ester (57), L-tryptophan propyl ester (58), L-tryptophan butyl ester (59), L-tryptophan isoamyl ester (60), L-tryptophan cyclohexyl ester (61), L-tryptophan octyl ester (62), L-tryptamine (63), in xylene, or anisole afforded ten lavendamycin analogs.Aldehyde 55 was prepared according to the following general procedure.Nitration of 8-hydroxy-2-methylquinoline (30) gave 8-hydroxy-2-methyl-5,7dinitroquinoline (31). Compound 31 was then hydrogenated and acylated with 2-furoyl chloride (or acetic anhydride ) to yield 5,7-difuroylamino-8-hydroxy-2-methylquinoline (53) or 5,7-diacetamino-8-acetoxy-2-methyl- quinoline (33). Compounds 53 and 33 were oxidized by potassium dichromate to give the corresponding 5,8-diones 54, and 27. Treatment of 53, and 27 with selenium dioxide in refluxing wet dioxane afforded compounds 55 and 28.Compound 4 was previously prepared by other members of our group, compounds 56, 57, 59, and 62 were obtained through the neutralization of the corresponding Ltryptophan ester hydrochlorides with a 14% ammonium hydroxide solution followed by extraction. Compounds 58, 60, 61 were synthesized via a Fischer esterification of Ltryptophan with : propyl alcohol, isoamyl alcohol, and cyclohexyl alcohol saturated with hydrogen chloride.The structures of compounds 53, 54, 55, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, and 44 were confirmed through 1H NMR, IR, EIMS, and HRMS. Elemental analyses of 53, 54, and 55 are also included.The structures of esters 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, and 63 were confirmed by 1H NMR.
Department of Chemistry

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9

Garrais, S. "Synthesis of Lipid Structures and Matricaria Esters." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517311.

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10

Tajuddin, Hazmi. "New strategies for synthesis with boronate esters." Thesis, Durham University, 2013. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6986/.

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Aryl and alkyl boronic acids and their derivatives have a broad variety of applications, ranging from uses in medicines to cross-coupling partners in modern organic synthesis. This thesis presents the work undertaken in both the synthetic and application aspects of this important class of synthetic intermediates. Chapter 1 gives a brief overview on the bonding and physical properties of boronic acids, their synthesis and applications. Chapter 2 shows that the activation of C-H bonds in the iridium-catalysed borylation of arenes is contingent on C-H acidity in the absence of steric effects, allowing for the prediction of regiochemistry through a simple 1H NMR analysis of the starting material. Chapter 3 shows that the high electronic barrier hindering the borylation of C-H bonds alpha to a pyridyl nitrogen can be overcome through steric effects, and that the resultant α-pyridyl boronate can be used, in-situ, in Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions. Chapter 4 describes the development of C-H borylation/1,4-conjugate addition sequence, for the synthesis of β-aryl ketones and the corresponding alcohols under reducing conditions. Chapter 5 describes the development of a new methodology for the preparation of alkyl boronate esters through copper-catalysed borylation of alkyl halides.

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Books on the topic "Esters – Synthesis"

1

Metwally, M. A. Cyclic beta-keto esters: Synthesis and reactions. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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2

A, Ogliaruso Michael, Patai Saul, and Rappoport Zvi, eds. Synthesis of carboxylic acids, esters, and their derivatives. Chichester [England]: Wiley, 1991.

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Vepsäläinen, Jouko. Preparation of novel (halomethylene)biphosphonate partial esters. Helsinki: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia, 1992.

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4

Ogliaruso, Michael A., and James F. Wolfe, eds. Synthesis of Carboxylic Acids, Esters and Their Derivatives (1991). Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470772423.

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5

Tremblay, Rose-Marie. Synthesis of 5-methyl-1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-carboxylate esters. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, 1994.

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6

V, Smith Gerard, and Zsigmond Ágnes, eds. Heterogeneous enantioselective hydrogenation: Theory and practice. Dordrecht: Springer, 2006.

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7

Butt, Afshan Hena. Syntheses of analogues of some important phosphate esters. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 2001.

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8

Ian, Hamerton, ed. Chemistry and technology of cyanate ester resins. London: Blackie Academic & Professional, 1994.

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9

Lednicer, Daniel. The organic chemistry of drug synthesis. Chichester: Wiley, 1990.

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Lednicer, Daniel. The organic chemistry of drug synthesis. New York: Wiley, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Esters – Synthesis"

1

Colquhoun, H. M., D. J. Thompson, and M. V. Twigg. "Synthesis of Esters." In Carbonylation, 111–43. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9576-9_7.

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2

Bodanszky, Miklos, and Agnes Bodanszky. "Ammonolysis of Esters." In The Practice of Peptide Synthesis, 165–66. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85055-4_21.

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Bodanszky, Miklos, and Agnes Bodanszky. "Coupling with Active Esters." In The Practice of Peptide Synthesis, 108–17. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85055-4_10.

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Bodanszky, Miklos, and Agnes Bodanszky. "Preparation of Active Esters." In The Practice of Peptide Synthesis, 96–107. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85055-4_9.

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5

Tomilov, A. P., B. I. Martynov, I. N. Chernyh, and V. V. Turygin. "Electrochemical Reactions of Phosphorous Acid Esters." In Novel Trends in Electroorganic Synthesis, 91–94. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-65924-2_28.

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Paravidino, Monica, Philipp Böhm, Harald Gröger, and Ulf Hanefeld. "Hydrolysis and Formation of Carboxylic Acid Esters." In Enzyme Catalysis in Organic Synthesis, 249–362. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527639861.ch8.

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Yoneda, Norihiko. "Electrochemical Partial Fluorination of α, β -Unsaturated Esters." In Novel Trends in Electroorganic Synthesis, 119–22. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-65924-2_35.

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8

Matteson, Donald S. "(α-Haloalkyl)boronic Esters in Asymmetric Synthesis." In Boronic Acids, 305–42. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527606548.ch8.

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Vahouny, George V., and C. R. Treadwell. "Enzymatic Synthesis and Hydrolysis of Cholesterol Esters." In Methods of Biochemical Analysis, 219–72. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470110348.ch4.

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Pfander, Hanspeter. "Partial Synthesis of Glycosides and Glycosyl Esters." In Carotenoids, 293–94. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-9323-7_15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Esters – Synthesis"

1

Lukasiewicz, Marcin. "Enzymatic synthesis of cyclooligosacharide esters." In The 20th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-20-d007.

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Turaeva, Khurshida, Mukhabbat Yuldasheva, and A. Karimov. "Synthesis of isomer maleimidobenzoic acid esters." In 2021 ASIA-PACIFIC CONFERENCE ON APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0089534.

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Widiyarti, Galuh, Sri Handayani, and Muhammad Hanafi. "Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of citronellol esters." In SolarPACES 2017: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5064295.

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Hobuss, Cristiane B., Bruna S. Pacheco, Alexander O. Souza, Marina Ritter, Marco A. Z. Santos, José C. Campos, Frank H. Quina, and Claudio M. P. Pereira. "Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of aliphatic acid esters at room temperature." In 14th Brazilian Meeting on Organic Synthesis. São Paulo: Editora Edgard Blücher, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/chempro-14bmos-r0041-1.

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Tavares, Aline, and Aloir Antonio Merlo. "New Esters Liquid-crystalline 3,5-disubstituted (4,5-dihidroisoxazol-5-yl)alkyl Benzoates." In 14th Brazilian Meeting on Organic Synthesis. São Paulo: Editora Edgard Blücher, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/chempro-14bmos-r0020-1.

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Leão, Raquel A. C., Paula de F. de Moraes, Marcella C. B. C. Pedro, and Paulo R. R. Costa. "Synthesis of Coumarins Through Zinc Chloride-Catalyzed Hydroarylation of Acetylenic Esters by Phenols." In 14th Brazilian Meeting on Organic Synthesis. São Paulo: Editora Edgard Blücher, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/chempro-14bmos-r0072-1.

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Reis, Joel S., and Leandro H. Andrade. "Search for an enzymatic approach to achieve the enantiomeric enrichment of b-borylated carboxylic esters." In 14th Brazilian Meeting on Organic Synthesis. São Paulo: Editora Edgard Blücher, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/chempro-14bmos-r0101-1.

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Montiel Schneider, María, Sandra Mandolesi, and Liliana Koll. "Synthesis of Boronic Esters Derived From Boronic and Diboronic Acids." In The 18th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-18-a004.

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Wang, Feipeng, Kaizheng Wang, Jian Li, Qiuhuang Han, Qi Zhao, and Kelin Hu. "Synthesis of Trimethylolpropane Esters as Potential Insulating Oil Base Stocks." In 2019 IEEE 20th International Conference on Dielectric Liquids (ICDL). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdl.2019.8796514.

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Kharandiuk, Tetiana, Kok Hui Tan, Volodymyr Ivasiv, Roman Nebesnyi, and Andrij Pich. "Synthesis of acrylic acid and its esters with Se-containing catalysts." In Chemical technology and engineering. Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/cte2019.01.143.

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Reports on the topic "Esters – Synthesis"

1

Schaff, Jilla. Fluorinated esters : synthesis and identification. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5805.

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Brel, Valery K. Fundamental Research on Combustion of Organophosphorous Esters and Synthesis of Promoting Additives. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada408572.

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Brown, Herbert C., and Ashok M. Salunkhe. Stereoselective Synthesis of cis-and trans-Beta,Gamma-Unsaturated Carboxylic Esters via Reaction of Alkenyldichloroboranes with Ethyl Diazoacetate. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada239049.

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Muzzell, Pasty A., Nicholas C. Johnson, Eric R. Sattler, Nichole Hubble, and Luis A. Villahermosa. US Army Qualification of Alternative Fuels Specified in MIL-DTL-83133H for Ground Systems Use. Final Qualification Report: JP-8 Containing Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene Manufactured Via Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis or Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada592076.

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Czarnik, Anthony W. Synthetic Catalysts that Hydrolyze Phosphate and Carboxylate Esters. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada256420.

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Bankova, Vassya, Boryana Trusheva, and Milena Popova. Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE) – Natural Sources, Analytical Procedures and Synthetic Approaches. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, September 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2018.09.01.

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Fife, Wilmer K., Slawomir Rubinsztajn, and Martel Zeldin. A Synthetic P-Nitrophenyl Esterase with Remarkable Substrate Selectivity. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada237665.

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Floyd, Robert A. Evaluation of Extracellular Endosulfatase HSULF-2 in Breast Cancer Cell WNT Signaling and Its Inhibition by a Sulfate Ester Derivative of Synthetic Antioxidant. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada570593.

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Joshi, Navalkishore N., Chongsuh Pyun, Verinder K. Mahindroo, Bakthan Singaram, and Herbert C. Brown. Chiral Synthesis via Organoboranes. 33. The Controlled Reaction of B- Alkydiisopinocampheylboranes with Aldehydes Providing a Convenient Procedure for the Enantiomeric Enrichment of the Boronic Ester Products Through Kinetic Resolution. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada238257.

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Lurie, Susan, John Labavitch, Ruth Ben-Arie, and Ken Shackel. Woolliness in Peaches and Nectarines. United States Department of Agriculture, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7570557.bard.

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Abstract:

The overall goal of the research was to understand the processes involved in the development of woolliness in peaches and nectarines. Four specific hypotheses were proposed and in the course of the research evidence was gathered t support two of them and to not support two others. The hypotheses and a summary of the evidence are outlined below. 1. That woolliness arises from an imbalance between the activities of the cell wall pectin degrading enzymes. Using 'Flavortop' nectarines and 'Hermoza' peaches as model systems, storage regimes were manipulated to induce or prevent woolliness. The expression (mRNA abundance), protein content (Western blotting), and activity of polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin esterase (PE) were followed. Expression of the enzymes was not different, but activity and the ratio between PG and PE activities were quite different in fruits developing woolliness or ripening normally. This was also examined by looking at the substrate, the pectin moiety of the cell wall, and i woolly fruit there were more high molecular weight pectins with regions of non-methylated galacturonic acid residues. Taking an in vitro approach it was found a) that PE activity was stable at 0oC while PG activity decreased; b) incubating the calcium pectate fraction of the cell wall with PE extracted from peaches caused the polymers to form a gel characteristic of the visual woolly symptoms in peaches. 2. That continued cell wall synthesis occurs during storage and contributes to structural changes i cell walls and improper dissolution and softening after storage. We tried to adapt our technique of adding 13C-glucose to fruit discs, which was used successfully to follow cell wall synthesis during tomato ripening. However, the difference in sugar content between the two fruits (4% in tomato and 12% in peach) meant that the 13C-glucose was much more diluted within the general metabolite pool. We were unable to see any cell wall synthesis which meant that either the dilution factor was too great, or that synthesis was not occurring. 3. That controlled atmosphere (CA) prevents woolliness by lowering all enzyme activities. CA was found to greatly reduce mRNA abundance of the cell wall enzymes compared to regular air storage. However, their synthesis and activity recovered during ripening after CA storage and did not after regular air storage. Therefore, CA prevented the inhibition of enzyme activation found in regular air storage. 4. That changes in cell wall turgor and membrane function are important events in the development of woolliness. Using a micro pressure probe, turgor was measured in cells of individual 'O'Henry' and 'CalRed' peaches which were woolly or healthy. The relationship between firmness and turgor was the same in both fruit conditions. These data indicate that the development and expression of woolliness are not associated with differences in membrane function, at least with regard to the factors that determine cell turgor pressure. In addition, during the period of the grant additional areas were explored. Encoglucanase, and enzyme metabolizing hemicellulose, was found to be highly expressed air stored, but not in unstored or CA stored fruit. Activity gels showed higher activity in air stored fruit as well. This is the first indication that other components of the cell wall may be involved in woolliness. The role of ethylene in woolliness development was also investigated at it was found a) that woolly fruits had decreased ability to produce ethylene, b) storing fruits in the presence of ethylene delayed the appearance of woolliness. This latter finding has implication for an inexpensive strategy for storing peaches and nectarines.

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