Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Estimateur à noya'
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Tadj, Amel. "Sur les modèles non paramétriques conditionnels en statistique fonctionnelle." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1219/.
Full textIn this thesis, we consider the problem of the nonparametric estimation in the conditional models when the regressor takes its values in infinite dimension space. More precisely, we treated two cases when the response variable is real and functional. One establishes almost complete uniform convergence of nonparametric estimators for certain conditional models. Firstly, we consider a sequence of i. I. D. Observations. In this context, we build kernel estimators of the conditional cumulative distribution, the conditional density, the conditional hazard function and the conditional mode. We give the uniform consistency rate of these estimators. We illustrate our results by giving an application on simulated samples. Secondly, we generalize our results when the response variable is in a Banach space. We estimate the regression function. In this context, we treat both cases : i. I. D and dependent observations. In the last case, we consider that the observations are Béta-mixing and we establishes almost complete pointwise convergence. Our asymptotic results exploit the topological structure of functional space for the observations. Let us note that all the rates of convergence are based on an hypothesis of concentration of the measure of probability of the functional variable on the small balls and also on the Kolmogorov’s entropy which measures the number of the balls necessary to cover some set. Moreover, when the response variable is functional the rate of convergence contains a new term which depends on type of Banach space
Hodara, Pierre. "Systèmes de neurones en interactions : modélisation probabiliste et estimation." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CERG0854/document.
Full textWe work on interacting particles systems. Two different types of processes are studied. A first model using Hawkes processes, for which we state existence and uniqueness of a stationnary version. We also propose a graphical construction of the stationnary measure by the mean of a Kalikow-type decomposition and a perfect simulation algorithm.The second model deals with Piecewise deterministic Markov processes (PDMP). We state ergodicity and propose a Kernel estimator for the jump rate function having an optimal speed of convergence in L²
El, Waled Khalil. "Estimations paramétriques et non-paramétriques pour des modèles de diffusions périodiques." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN20042/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we consider a drift estimation problem of a certain class of stochastic periodic processes when the length of observation goes to infinity. Firstly, we deal with the linear periodic signal plus noise model dζt = f (t, θ)dt + σ(t)dWt, ;and we study the parametric estimation from a continuous and discrete observation of the process f_tg throughout the interval [0; T]. Using the maximum likelihood method we show the existence of an estimator θˆT which is consistent, asymptotically normal and asymptotically efficient in the sens minimax. When f(t; _) = _f(t), the expression of ^_T is explicit and we obtain the mean square convergence in the both continuous and discrete observation cases. In addition, we deduce the strong consistency in the case of continuous observation.Secondly, we consider the nonparametric estimation problem of the function f(_) for the next two periodic models of type signal plus noise and Ornstein-Uhlenbeckd_t = f(t)dt + _(t)dWt; d_t = f(t)_tdt + dWt:For the signal plus noise model, we build a kernel estimator, the convergence in mean square uniformly over [0; P] and almost sure convergence are established, as well as the asymptotic normality. For the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model, we prove the convergence uniformly over [0; P] of the bias and the mean square convergence. Moreover, we study the speed of these convergences
Lei, Liangzhen. "Grandes déviations pour les estimateurs à noyau de la densité et étude de l'estimateur de décrément aléatoire." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011959.
Full textLe premier thème est la partie principale de cette thèse, constituées des quatre premiers chapitres. Dans le chapitre 1, on établit le w*-PGD(principe de grandes déviations) de $f_n^*$ et une inégalité de concentration dans le cas i.i.d.. On démontre dans le chapitre 2 la convergence exponentielle de $f_n^*$ dans $L^1(R^d)$ et une inégalité de concentration pour des suites $\phi$-mélangeants, en se basant sur une inégalité de tranport de Rio. Les chapitre 3 et 4 constituent le coeur de cette thèse : on établit (i) le PGD de $f_n^*$ pour la topologie faible $\sigma(L^1, L^{\infty})$ ; (ii) le w*-PGD de $f_n^*$ dans $L^1$ pour la topologie forte $\vert\cdot\vert_1$ ; (iii) l'estimation de grandes déviations pour l'erreur $D_n^*=\vert f_n^*(x)-f(x) \vert_1$ et (iv) l'optimalité asymptotique de $f_n^*$ au sens de Bahadur. Ces résultats sont prouvés dans le chapitre 3 pour des processus de Markov uniformément ergodiques et dans le chapitre 4 pour des processus de Markov réversibles uniformément intégrables.
Le dernier chapitre est consacré au second thème. On démontre la loi des grands nombres et le théorème de limite centrale pour l'EDA à temps discret et on établit pour la première fois l'expression explicite du biais de l'EDA à temps continu.
Bassene, Aladji. "Contribution à la modélisation spatiale des événements extrêmes." Thesis, Lille 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL30039/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we investigate nonparametric modeling of spatial extremes. Our resultsare based on the main result of the theory of extreme values, thereby encompass Paretolaws. This framework allows today to extend the study of extreme events in the spatialcase provided if the asymptotic properties of the proposed estimators satisfy the standardconditions of the Extreme Value Theory (EVT) in addition to the local conditions on thedata structure themselves. In the literature, there exists a vast panorama of extreme events models, which are adapted to the structures of the data of interest. However, in the case ofextreme spatial data, except max-stables models, little or almost no models are interestedin non-parametric estimation of the tail index and/or extreme quantiles. Therefore, weextend existing works on estimating the tail index and quantile under independent ortime-dependent data. The specificity of the methods studied resides in the fact that theasymptotic results of the proposed estimators take into account the spatial dependence structure of the relevant data, which is far from trivial. This thesis is then written in thecontext of spatial statistics of extremes. She makes three main contributions.• In the first contribution of this thesis, we propose a new approach of the estimatorof the tail index of a heavy-tailed distribution within the framework of spatial data. This approach relies on the estimator of Hill (1975). The asymptotic properties of the estimator introduced are established when the spatial process is adequately approximated by aspatial M−dependent process, spatial linear causal process or when the process satisfies a strong mixing condition.• In practice, it is often useful to link the variable of interest Y with covariate X. Inthis situation, the tail index depends on the observed value x of the covariate X and theunknown fonction (.) will be called conditional tail index. In most applications, the tailindexof an extreme value is not the main attraction, but it is used to estimate for instance extreme quantiles. The contribution of this chapter is to adapt the estimator of the tail index introduced in the first part in the conditional framework and use it to propose an estimator of conditional extreme quantiles. We examine the models called "fixed design"which corresponds to the situation where the explanatory variable is deterministic. To tackle the covariate, since it is deterministic, we use the window moving approach. Westudy the asymptotic behavior of the estimators proposed and some numerical resultsusing simulated data with the software "R".• In the third part of this thesis, we extend the work of the second part of the framemodels called "random design" for which the data are spatial observations of a pair (Y,X) of real random variables . In this last model, we propose an estimator of heavy tail-indexusing the kernel method to tackle the covariate. We use an estimator of the conditional tail index belonging to the family of the estimators introduced by Goegebeur et al. (2014b)
Walsh, David J. "Multispectral NOAA Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer (MABL) estimates during VOCAR." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1994. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA283702.
Full textAmiri, Aboubacar. "Estimateurs fonctionnels récursifs et leurs applications à la prévision." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00565221.
Full textDion, Charlotte. "Estimation non-paramétrique de la densité de variables aléatoires cachées." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAM031/document.
Full textThis thesis contains several nonparametric estimation procedures of a probability density function.In each case, the main difficulty lies in the fact that the variables of interest are not directly observed.The first part deals with a mixed linear model for which repeated observations are available.The second part focuses on stochastic differential equations with random effects. Many trajectories are observed continuously on the same time interval.The third part is in a full multiplicative noise framework.The parts of the thesis are connected by the same context of inverse problems and by a common problematic: the estimation of the density function of a hidden variable.In the first two parts the density of one or two random effects is estimated. In the third part the goal is to rebuild the density of the original variable from the noisy observations.Different global methods are used and lead to well competitive estimators: kernel estimators, projection estimators or estimators built from deconvolution.Parameter selection gives adaptive estimators and the integrated risks are bounded using a Talagrand concentration inequality.A simulation study for each proposed estimator highlights their performances.A neuronal dataset is investigated with the new procedures for stochastic differential equations developed in this work
Kabthimer, Getahun Tadesse. "Assessment of spatio-temporal patterns of NDVI in response to precipitation using NOAA-AVHRR rainfall estimate and NDVI data from 1996-2008, Ethiopia." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi och kvartärgeologi (INK), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-78770.
Full textDebbarh, Mohammed. "Quelques propriétés asymptotiques dans les modèles additifs de régression." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066020.
Full textLei, Liangzhen Wu Li Ming. "Grande déviations pour les estimateurs à noyau de la densité et etude pour l'estimateur de décrément aléatoire." Clermont-Ferrand : Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2009. http://195.221.120.247/simclient/consultation/binaries/stream.asp?INSTANCE=UCFRSIM&eidmpa=DOCUMENTS_THESES_112.
Full textLei, Liangzhen. "Grande déviations pour les estimateurs à noyau de la densité et étude pour l'estimateur de décrément aléatoire." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/06/19/50/PDF/mathesefr.pdf.
Full textHoang, Van Hà. "Estimation adaptative pour des problèmes inverses avec des applications à la division cellulaire." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10096/document.
Full textThis thesis is divided into two independent parts. In the first one, we consider a stochastic individual-based model in continuous time to describe a size-structured population for cell divisions. The random point measure describing the cell population evolves as a piecewise deterministic Markov process. We address here the problem of nonparametric estimation of the kernel ruling the divisions, under two observation schemes. First, we observe the evolution of cells up to a fixed time T and we obtain the whole division tree. We construct an adaptive kernel estimator of the division kernel with a fully data-driven bandwidth selection. We obtain an oracle inequality and optimal exponential rates of convergence. Second, when the whole division tree is not completely observed, we show that, in a large population limit, the renormalized microscopic process describing the evolution of cells converges to the weak solution of a partial differential equation. We propose an estimator of the division kernel by using Fourier techniques. We prove the consistency of the estimator. In the second part, we consider the nonparametric regression with errors-in-variables model in the multidimensional setting. We estimate the multivariate regression function by an adaptive estimator based on projection kernels defined with multi-indexed wavelets and a deconvolution operator. The wavelet level resolution is selected by the method of Goldenshluger-Lepski. We obtain an oracle inequality and optimal rates of convergence over anisotropic Hölder classes
Sow, Mohamedou. "Développement de modèles non paramétriques et robustes : application à l’analyse du comportement de bivalves et à l’analyse de liaison génétique." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14257/document.
Full textThe development of robust and nonparametric approaches for the analysis and statistical treatment of high-dimensional data sets exhibiting high variability, as seen in the environmental and genetic fields, is instrumental. Here, we model complex biological data with application to the analysis of bivalves’ behavior and to linkage analysis. The application of mathematics to the analysis of mollusk bivalves’behavior gave us the possibility to quantify and translate mathematically the animals’behavior in situ, in close or far field. We proposed a nonparametric regression model and compared three nonparametric estimators (recursive or not) of the regressionfunction to optimize the best estimator. We then characterized the biological rhythms, formalized the states of opening, proposed methods able to discriminate the behaviors, used shot-noise analysis to characterize various opening/closing transitory states and developed an original approach for measuring online growth.In genetics, we proposed a more general framework of robust statistics for linkage analysis. We developed estimators robust to distribution assumptions and the presence of outlier observations. We also used a statistical approach where the dependence between random variables is specified through copula theory. Our main results showed the practical interest of these estimators on real data for QTL and eQTL analysis
Chebana, Fateh. "Estimation et tests par des méthodes fonctionnelles : applications aux M-estimateurs et aux tests de Bickel-Rosenblatt." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066517.
Full textCoudret, Raphaël. "Stochastic modelling using large data sets : applications in ecology and genetics." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00865867.
Full textNehme, Bilal. "Techniques non-additives d'estimation de la densité de probabilité." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00576957.
Full textKhardani, Salah. "Prévision non paramétrique dans les modèles de censure via l'estimation du mode conditionnel." Littoral, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010DUNK0277.
Full textIn this work, we address the problem of estimating the mode and conditional mode functions, for independent and dependent data, under random censorship. Firstly, we consider an independent and identically distributed (iid) sequence random variables (rvs) {T_i , i [equal to or higher than]1}, with density f. This sequence is right-censored by another iid sequence of rvs {Ci , i[equal to or higher than]1} which is supposed to be independent of {T_i , i [equal to or higher than]1}. We are interested in the regression problem of T given a covariable X. We state convergence and asymptomatic normality of Kernel-based estimators of conditional density and mode. Using the “plug-in” method for the unknown parameters, confidence intervals are gicen. Also simulations are drawn. In a second step we deal with the simple mode, given by par θ = arg max_{t. IR} f (t). Here, the sequence {T_i , i [equal to or higher than]1} is supposed to be stationary and strongly mixing whereas the {Ci , i[equal to or higher than]1} are iid. We build a mode estimator (based on a density kernel estimator) for which we state the almost sure consistency. Finally, we extend the conditional mode consistency results to the case where the {T_i , i [equal to or higher than]1} are strongly mixing
Nguyen, Van Hanh. "Modèles de mélange semi-paramétriques et applications aux tests multiples." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00987035.
Full textDidi, Sultana. "Quelques propriétés asymptotiques en estimation non paramétrique de fonctionnelles de processus stationnaires en temps continu." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066191/document.
Full textThe work of this thesis focuses upon some nonparametric estimation problems. More precisely, considering kernel estimators of the density, the regression and the conditional mode functions associated to a stationary continuous-time process, we aim at establishing some asymptotic properties while taking a sufficiently general dependency framework for the data as to be easily used in practice. The present manuscript includes four parts. The first one gives the state of the art related to the field of our concern and identifies well our contribution as compared to the existing results in the literature. In the second part, we focus on the kernel density estimation. In a rather general dependency setting, where we use a martingale difference device and a technique based on a sequence of projections on -fields, we establish the almost sure pointwise and uniform consistencies with rates of our estimate. In the third part, similar asymptotic properties are established for the kernel estimator of the regression function. Here and below, the processes are assumed to be ergodic In the same spirit, we study in the fourth part, the kernel estimate of conditional mode function for which we establish consistency properties with rates of convergence. The proposed estimator may be viewed as an alternative in the prediction issues to the usual regression function
Brua, Jean-Yves. "Estimation non paramétrique pour des modèles de diffusion et de régression." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00338286.
Full textPour un modèle de régression non paramétrique et hétéroscédastique, où l'écart-type du bruit dépend à la fois du régresseur et de la fonction de régression supposée appartenir à une classe höldérienne faible de régularité connue, nous montrons qu'un estimateur à noyau est asymptotiquement efficace. Lorsque la régularité de la fonction de régression est inconnue, nous obtenons la vitesse de convergence minimax adaptative des estimateurs sur une famille de classes höldériennes. Enfin, pour un modèle de diffusion où la dérive appartient à un voisinage höldérien faible centré en une fonction lipschitzienne, nous présentons la construction d'un estimateur à noyau asymptotiquement efficace.
Ghissoni, Sidinei. "Nova metodologia para a estimativa de capacitância e consumo de potência de portas lógicas complexas CMOS no nível lógico." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2005. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/8439.
Full textThis dissertation presents a methodology of capacitance estimation and power consumption in CMOS circuits combinational constituted basically of complex logic gates at logic level. The main objective in the development of this method is to provide a fast estimate of the power consumption of circuits at the logical design gates. Of this form, the considered method allows to the application of techniques to the reduction of power consumption or the alteration of the design before being prototyped. The consumed dynamic power in complex logic gates depends on the following factors: switching activity of each circuit node, voltage of supplies, parasite capacitance and clock frequency. With the exception of the parasite capacitance, all other parameters are easily determined. The analysis proposed in this dissertation, treats estimative of the dynamic power consumption of complex logic gates, through the estimate of the parasite capacitance CMOS devices. The model considered here concentrates all internal capacitances on the external gate nodes depending on the combinations of the input signals. The resulting capacitance in an only external node of an input of the gate is resulted of the transitions of inputs of the too much nodes on the node that if wants to determine. The results obtained in this work, regarding the estimate of power consumption of the complex logic gates, had been considered satisfactory, once they had presented a maximum error of 10% when compared with to the electric simulation result preformed with ELDO. Moreover, the method supplies significant reduction in the simulation time of the circuits, being able esteem the power consumption of a circuit up to 200 times faster than gotten to the simulated electric level with ELDO tool.
Este trabalho apresenta uma metodologia de estimativa de capacitâncias e de consumo de potência de circuitos CMOS constituídos basicamente por portas lógicas complexas no nível lógico. O principal objetivo no desenvolvimento deste método é fazer uma rápida previsão do consumo de potência de circuitos ainda na fase de projeto lógico composto de portas complexas. Desta forma, o método proposto permite a aplicação de técnicas de redução de consumo de potência ou a alteração de todo o projeto antes de ser prototipado. A potência dinâmica consumida em portas lógicas complexas depende dos seguintes fatores: atividade de comutação de cada nó do circuito, tensão de alimentação, freqüência de operação e da capacitância parasita. Com a exceção da capacitância parasita, todos os demais parâmetros são facilmente determinados. A análise proposta nesta dissertação, trata da aproximação (cálculo aproximado) do consumo de potência dinâmica de portas lógicas complexas, através da estimativa da capacitância parasita dos dispositivos CMOS. O modelo aqui proposto concentra as capacitâncias nos nós externos das portas, que variam em função das combinações dos sinais de entrada. A capacitância resultante, representada em um único nó externo da entrada da porta analisada, é resultado das transições dos sinais das demais entradas que agem sobre o nó que se quer determinar. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho a respeito da estimativa de consumo potência das portas lógicas complexas foram considerados satisfatórios, pois apresentaram um erro máximo de 10% quando comparados às simulações elétricas pelo uso da ferramenta ELDO. Além disso, o método fornece significante redução no tempo de simulação dos circuitos, podendo estimar o consumo de potência de um circuito até 200 vezes mais rápido que obtido ao nível elétrico simulado com a ferramenta ELDO.
Thiam, Baba. "Estimation récursive de fonctionnelles." Phd thesis, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00131199.
Full textLenain, Jean-François. "Comportement asymptotique des estimateurs à noyau de la densité, avec des données discrétisées, pour des suites et des chanmps aléatoires dépendants et non-stationnaires." Limoges, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LIMO0034.
Full textMokkadem, Abdelkader. "Critères de mélange pour des processus stationnaires : estimation sous des hypothèses de mélange : entropie des processus linéaires." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112267.
Full textThere is three part in this thesis. In the first part we study the ergodic and mixing properties of some non linear or polynomial autoregressive random processes. We obtain sufficient conditions for geometric ergodicity and geometric absolute regularity of such processes. The results apply to the ARMA and bilinear processes. The technics used come from the Markov chain theory and the real algebraic and differential geometry. In the second part we study kernel estimators under strong mixing hypothesis ; we bound the p-mean risks and the uniform risk for the estimator of the density and some functionals we also propose estimators of the entropy and information of random variables and bound their risks. In the third part we study the entropy of linear processes we obtain an inequality between the entropy of a process and those of its linearly filtered ; an equality is obtained in some cases ; we close this part with applications particularly for the maximum entropy principle
El, Heda Khadijetou. "Choix optimal du paramètre de lissage dans l'estimation non paramétrique de la fonction de densité pour des processus stationnaires à temps continu." Thesis, Littoral, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018DUNK0484/document.
Full textThe work this thesis focuses on the choice of the smoothing parameter in the context of non-parametric estimation of the density function for stationary ergodic continuous time processes. The accuracy of the estimation depends greatly on the choice of this parameter. The main goal of this work is to build an automatic window selection procedure and establish asymptotic properties while considering a general dependency framework that can be easily used in practice. The manuscript is divided into three parts. The first part reviews the literature on the subject, set the state of the art and discusses our contribution in within. In the second part, we design an automatical method for selecting the smoothing parameter when the density is estimated by the Kernel method. This choice stemming from the cross-validation method is asymptotically optimal. In the third part, we establish an asymptotic properties pertaining to consistency with rate for the resulting estimate of the window-width
Fall, Fama. "Sur l'estimation de la densité des quantiles." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066051.
Full textTernynck, Camille. "Contributions à la modélisation de données spatiales et fonctionnelles : applications." Thesis, Lille 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL30062/document.
Full textIn this dissertation, we are interested in nonparametric modeling of spatial and/or functional data, more specifically based on kernel method. Generally, the samples we have considered for establishing asymptotic properties of the proposed estimators are constituted of dependent variables. The specificity of the studied methods lies in the fact that the estimators take into account the structure of the dependence of the considered data.In a first part, we study real variables spatially dependent. We propose a new kernel approach to estimating spatial probability density of the mode and regression functions. The distinctive feature of this approach is that it allows taking into account both the proximity between observations and that between sites. We study the asymptotic behaviors of the proposed estimates as well as their applications to simulated and real data. In a second part, we are interested in modeling data valued in a space of infinite dimension or so-called "functional data". As a first step, we adapt the nonparametric regression model, introduced in the first part, to spatially functional dependent data framework. We get convergence results as well as numerical results. Then, later, we study time series regression model in which explanatory variables are functional and the innovation process is autoregressive. We propose a procedure which allows us to take into account information contained in the error process. After showing asymptotic behavior of the proposed kernel estimate, we study its performance on simulated and real data.The third part is devoted to applications. First of all, we present unsupervised classificationresults of simulated and real spatial data (multivariate). The considered classification method is based on the estimation of spatial mode, obtained from the spatial density function introduced in the first part of this thesis. Then, we apply this classification method based on the mode as well as other unsupervised classification methods of the literature on hydrological data of functional nature. Lastly, this classification of hydrological data has led us to apply change point detection tools on these functional data
Lekina, Alexandre. "Estimation non-paramétrique des quantiles extrêmes conditionnels." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529476.
Full textGharbi, Zied. "Contribution à l’économétrie spatiale et l’analyse de données fonctionnelles." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1A012/document.
Full textThis thesis covers two important fields of research in inferential statistics, namely spatial econometrics and functional data analysis. More precisely, we have focused on the analysis of real spatial or spatio-functional data by extending certain inferential methods to take into account a possible spatial dependence. We first considered the estimation of a spatial autoregressive model (SAR) with a functional dependent variable and a real response variable using observations on a given geographical unit. This is a regression model with the specificity that each observation of the independent variable collected in a geographical location depends on observations of the same variable in neighboring locations. This relationship between neighbors is generally measured by a square matrix called the spatial weighting matrix, which measures the interaction effect between neighboring spatial units. This matrix is assumed to be exogenous, i.e. the metric used to construct it does not depend on the explanatory variable. The contribution of this thesis to this model lies in the fact that the explanatory variable is of a functional nature, with values in a space of infinite dimension. Our estimation methodology is based on a dimension reduction of the functional explanatory variable through functional principal component analysis followed by maximization of the truncated likelihood of the model. Asymptotic properties of the estimators, illustrations of the performance of the estimators via a Monte Carlo study and an application to real environmental data were considered. In the second contribution, we use the functional SAR model studied in the first part by considering an endogenous structure of the spatial weighting matrix. Instead of using a geographical criterion to calculate the dependencies between neighboring locations, we calculate them via an endogenous process, i.e. one that depends on explanatory variables. We apply the same two-step estimation approach described above and study the performance of the proposed estimator for finite or infinite-tending samples. In the third part of this thesis we focus on heteroskedasticity in partially linear models for real exogenous variables and binary response variable. We propose a spatial Probit model containing a non-parametric part. Spatial dependence is introduced at the level of errors (perturbations) of the model considered. The estimation of the parametric and non-parametric parts of the model is recursive and consists of first setting the parametric parameters and estimating the non-parametric part using the weighted likelihood method and then using the latter estimate to construct a likelihood profile to estimate the parametric part. The performance of the proposed method is investigated via a Monte-Carlo study. An empirical study on the relationship between economic growth and environmental quality in Sweden using some spatial econometric tools finishes the document
Yahaya, Mohamed. "Extension au cadre spatial de l'estimation non paramétrique par noyaux récursifs." Thesis, Lille 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL30066/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we are interested in recursive methods that allow to update sequentially estimates in a context of spatial or spatial-temporal data and that do not need a permanent storage of all data. Process and analyze Data Stream, effectively and effciently is an active challenge in statistics. In fact, in many areas, decisions should be taken at a given time at the reception of a certain amount of data and updated once new data are available at another date. We propose and study kernel estimators of the probability density function and the regression function of spatial or spatial-temporal data-stream. Specifically, we adapt the classical kernel estimators of Parzen-Rosenblatt and Nadaraya-Watson. For this, we combine the methodology of recursive estimators of density and regression and that of a distribution of spatial or spatio-temporal data. We provide applications and numerical studies of the proposed estimators. The specifcity of the methods studied resides in the fact that the estimates take into account the spatial dependence structure of the relevant data, which is far from trivial. This thesis is therefore in the context of non-parametric spatial statistics and its applications. This work makes three major contributions. which are based on the study of non-parametric estimators in a recursive spatial/space-time and revolves around the recursive kernel density estimate in a spatial context, the recursive kernel density estimate in a space-time and recursive kernel regression estimate in space
Arkoun, Ouerdia. "Estimation non paramétrique pour les modèles autorégressifs." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00464024.
Full textChokri, Khalid. "Contributions à l'inférence statistique dans les modèles de régression partiellement linéaires additifs." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066439/document.
Full textParametric regression models provide powerful tools for analyzing practical data when the models are correctly specified, but may suffer from large modelling biases when structures of the models are misspecified. As an alternative, nonparametric smoothing methods eases the concerns on modelling biases. However, nonparametric models are hampered by the so-called curse of dimensionality in multivariate settings. One of the methods for attenuating this difficulty is to model covariate effects via a partially linear structure, a combination of linear and nonlinear parts. To reduce the dimension impact in the estimation of the nonlinear part of the partially linear regression model, we introduce an additive structure of this part which induces, finally, a partially linear additive model. Our aim in this work is to establish some limit results pertaining to various parameters of the model (consistency, rate of convergence, asymptotic normality and iterated logarithm law) and to construct some hypotheses testing procedures related to the model structure, as the additivity of the nonlinear part, and to its parameters
Tencaliec, Patricia. "Developments in statistics applied to hydrometeorology : imputation of streamflow data and semiparametric precipitation modeling." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAM006/document.
Full textPrecipitation and streamflow are the two most important meteorological and hydrological variables when analyzing river watersheds. They provide fundamental insights for water resources management, design, or planning, such as urban water supplies, hydropower, forecast of flood or droughts events, or irrigation systems for agriculture.In this PhD thesis we approach two different problems. The first one originates from the study of observed streamflow data. In order to properly characterize the overall behavior of a watershed, long datasets spanning tens of years are needed. However, the quality of the measurement dataset decreases the further we go back in time, and blocks of data of different lengths are missing from the dataset. These missing intervals represent a loss of information and can cause erroneous summary data interpretation or unreliable scientific analysis.The method that we propose for approaching the problem of streamflow imputation is based on dynamic regression models (DRMs), more specifically, a multiple linear regression with ARIMA residual modeling. Unlike previous studies that address either the inclusion of multiple explanatory variables or the modeling of the residuals from a simple linear regression, the use of DRMs allows to take into account both aspects. We apply this method for reconstructing the data of eight stations situated in the Durance watershed in the south-east of France, each containing daily streamflow measurements over a period of 107 years. By applying the proposed method, we manage to reconstruct the data without making use of additional variables, like other models require. We compare the results of our model with the ones obtained from a complex approach based on analogs coupled to a hydrological model and a nearest-neighbor approach, respectively. In the majority of cases, DRMs show an increased performance when reconstructing missing values blocks of various lengths, in some of the cases ranging up to 20 years.The second problem that we approach in this PhD thesis addresses the statistical modeling of precipitation amounts. The research area regarding this topic is currently very active as the distribution of precipitation is a heavy-tailed one, and at the moment, there is no general method for modeling the entire range of data with high performance. Recently, in order to propose a method that models the full-range precipitation amounts, a new class of distribution called extended generalized Pareto distribution (EGPD) was introduced, specifically with focus on the EGPD models based on parametric families. These models provide an improved performance when compared to previously proposed distributions, however, they lack flexibility in modeling the bulk of the distribution. We want to improve, through, this aspect by proposing in the second part of the thesis, two new models relying on semiparametric methods.The first method that we develop is the transformed kernel estimator based on the EGPD transformation. That is, we propose an estimator obtained by, first, transforming the data with the EGPD cdf, and then, estimating the density of the transformed data by applying a nonparametric kernel density estimator. We compare the results of the proposed method with the ones obtained by applying EGPD on several simulated scenarios, as well as on two precipitation datasets from south-east of France. The results show that the proposed method behaves better than parametric EGPD, the MIAE of the density being in all the cases almost twice as small.A second approach consists of a new model from the general EGPD class, i.e., we consider a semiparametric EGPD based on Bernstein polynomials, more specifically, we use a sparse mixture of beta densities. Once again, we compare our results with the ones obtained by EGPD on both simulated and real datasets. As before, the MIAE of the density is considerably reduced, this effect being even more obvious as the sample size increases
Seck, Cheikh Tidiane. "Estimation non-paramétrique et convergence faible des mesures de pauvreté." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00825389.
Full textFeneuil, Joseph. "Analyse harmonique sur les graphes et les groupes de Lie : fonctionnelles quadratiques, transformées de Riesz et espaces de Besov." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAM040/document.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to results in real harmonic analysis in discrete (graphs) or continuous (Lie groups) geometric contexts.Let $\Gamma$ be a graph (a set of vertices and edges) equipped with a discrete laplacian $\Delta=I-P$, where $P$ is a Markov operator.Under suitable geometric assumptions on $\Gamma$, we show the $L^p$ boundedness of fractional Littlewood-Paley functionals. We introduce $H^1$ Hardy spaces of functions and of $1$-differential forms on $\Gamma$, giving several characterizations of these spaces, only assuming the doubling property for the volumes of balls in $\Gamma$. As a consequence, we derive the $H^1$ boundedness of the Riesz transform. Assuming furthermore pointwise upper bounds for the kernel (Gaussian of subgaussian upper bounds) on the iterates of the kernel of $P$, we also establish the $L^p$ boundedness of the Riesz transform for $10$, $1\leq p\leq+\infty$ and $1\leq q\leq +\infty$.These results hold for polynomial as well as for exponential volume growth of balls
Nguyen, Minh-Lien Jeanne. "Estimation non paramétrique de densités conditionnelles : grande dimension, parcimonie et algorithmes gloutons." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS185/document.
Full textWe consider the problem of conditional density estimation in moderately large dimen- sions. Much more informative than regression functions, conditional densities are of main interest in recent methods, particularly in the Bayesian framework (studying the posterior distribution, find- ing its modes...). After recalling the estimation issues in high dimension in the introduction, the two following chapters develop on two methods which address the issues of the curse of dimensionality: being computationally efficient by a greedy iterative procedure, detecting under some suitably defined sparsity conditions the relevant variables, while converging at a quasi-optimal minimax rate. More precisely, the two methods consider kernel estimators well-adapted for conditional density estimation and select a pointwise multivariate bandwidth by revisiting the greedy algorithm RODEO (Regular- isation Of Derivative Expectation Operator). The first method having some initialization problems and extra logarithmic factors in its convergence rate, the second method solves these problems, while adding adaptation to the smoothness. In the penultimate chapter, we discuss the calibration and nu- merical performance of these two procedures, before giving some comments and perspectives in the last chapter
Chen, Li. "Quasi transformées de Riesz, espaces de Hardy et estimations sous-gaussiennes du noyau de la chaleur." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01001868.
Full textAttouch, Mohammed Kadi. "Estimation robuste de la fonction de régression pour des variables fonctionnelles." Littoral, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009DUNK0227.
Full textThe robust regression is an analysis of regression with capacity to be relatively insensitive to the large deviations due to some outliers observations. Within this framework, one proposes in this thesis studied the robust estimate of the function of regression, if the observations are at the same time independent, strongly mixing and the covariate is functional. Initially, on considers a succession of identically distributed independent observations. In this context, we establish the asymptotic normality of a robust family of estimators based on the kernel method. With title illustrative, our result is applied to the discrimination of the curves, the forecast time series, and to the construction of a confidence interval. In the second time, we suppose that the observations are strongly mixing, and we establish the rate of specific almost complete convergence and uniform of this family of estimators as well as asymptotic normality. Let us note, that the axes structural of the subject, namely “dimensionality” and the correlation of the observations, “dimensionality” and the robustness of the model, are well exploited in this study. Moreover, the property of the concentration of the measure of probability of the functional variable in small balls is used, this measure of concentration allows under some assumptions to propose an original solution to the problem of the curse of dimensionality and thus to generalize the results already obtaines in the multivariate framework. To illustrate the extension and the contribution of our work, we show in some examples how our results can be applied to the nonstandard problems of the non-parametric statistics such as the forecast of functional time series. Our methods are applied to real data such as the economy and astronomy
Bernhardt, Stéphanie. "Performances et méthodes pour l'échantillonnage comprimé : Robustesse à la méconnaissance du dictionnaire et optimisation du noyau d'échantillonnage." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS443/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we are interested in two different low rate sampling schemes that challenge Shannon’s theory: the sampling of finite rate of innovation signals and compressed sensing.Recently it has been shown that using appropriate sampling kernel, finite rate of innovation signals can be perfectly sampled even though they are non-bandlimited. In the presence of noise, reconstruction is achieved by a model-based estimation procedure. In this thesis, we consider the estimation of the amplitudes and delays of a finite stream of Dirac pulses using an arbitrary kernel and the estimation of a finite stream of arbitrary pulses using the Sum of Sincs (SoS) kernel. In both scenarios, we derive the Bayesian Cramér-Rao Bound (BCRB) for the parameters of interest. The SoS kernel is an interesting kernel since it is totally configurable by a vector of weights. In the first scenario, based on convex optimization tools, we propose a new kernel minimizing the BCRB on the delays, while in the second scenario we propose a family of kernels which maximizes the Bayesian Fisher Information, i.e., the total amount of information about each of the parameter in the measures. The advantage of the proposed family is that it can be user-adjusted to favor either of the estimated parameters.Compressed sensing is a promising emerging domain which outperforms the classical limit of the Shannon sampling theory if the measurement vector can be approximated as the linear combination of few basis vectors extracted from a redundant dictionary matrix. Unfortunately, in realistic scenario, the knowledge of this basis or equivalently of the entire dictionary is often uncertain, i.e. corrupted by a Basis Mismatch (BM) error. The related estimation problem is based on the matching of continuous parameters of interest to a discretized parameter set over a regular grid. Generally, the parameters of interest do not lie in this grid and there exists an estimation error even at high Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). This is the off-grid (OG) problem. The consequence of the BM and the OG mismatch problems is that the estimation accuracy in terms of Bayesian Mean Square Error (BMSE) of popular sparse-based estimators collapses even if the support is perfectly estimated and in the high Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) regime. This saturation effect considerably limits the effective viability of these estimation schemes.In this thesis, the BCRB is derived for CS model with unstructured BM and OG. We show that even though both problems share a very close formalism, they lead to different performances. In the biased dictionary based estimation context, we propose and study analytical expressions of the Bayesian Mean Square Error (BMSE) on the estimation of the grid error at high SNR. We also show that this class of estimators is efficient and thus reaches the Bayesian Cramér-Rao Bound (BCRB) at high SNR. The proposed results are illustrated in the context of line spectra analysis for several popular sparse estimator. We also study the Expected Cramér-Rao Bound (ECRB) on the estimation of the amplitude for a small OG error and show that it follows well the behavior of practical estimators in a wide SNR range.In the context of BM and OG errors, we propose two new estimation schemes called Bias-Correction Estimator (BiCE) and Off-Grid Error Correction (OGEC) respectively and study their statistical properties in terms of theoretical bias and variances. Both estimators are essentially based on an oblique projection of the measurement vector and act as a post-processing estimation layer for any sparse-based estimator and mitigate considerably the BM (OG respectively) degradation. The proposed estimators are generic since they can be associated to any sparse-based estimator, fast, and have good statistical properties. To illustrate our results and propositions, they are applied in the challenging context of the compressive sampling of finite rate of innovation signals
Béranger, Boris. "Modélisation de la structure de dépendance d'extrêmes multivariés et spatiaux." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066004/document.
Full textProjection of future extreme events is a major issue in a large number of areas including the environment and risk management. Although univariate extreme value theory is well understood, there is an increase in complexity when trying to understand the joint extreme behavior between two or more variables. Particular interest is given to events that are spatial by nature and which define the context of infinite dimensions. Under the assumption that events correspond marginally to univariate extremes, the main focus is then on the dependence structure that links them. First, we provide a review of parametric dependence models in the multivariate framework and illustrate different estimation strategies. The spatial extension of multivariate extremes is introduced through max-stable processes. We derive the finite-dimensional distribution of the widely used Brown-Resnick model which permits inference via full and composite likelihood methods. We then use Skew-symmetric distributions to develop a spectral representation of a wider max-stable model: the extremal Skew-t model from which most models available in the literature can be recovered. This model has the nice advantages of exhibiting skewness and nonstationarity, two properties often held by environmental spatial events. The latter enables a larger spectrum of dependence structures. Indicators of extremal dependence can be calculated using its finite-dimensional distribution. Finally, we introduce a kernel based non-parametric estimation procedure for univariate and multivariate tail density and apply it for model selection. Our method is illustrated by the example of selection of physical climate models
Rouvière, Laurent. "Estimation de densité en dimension élevée et classification de courbes." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011624.
Full textLa première partie, intitulée compléments sur les histogrammes modifiés, est composée de deux chapitres consacrés l'étude d'une famille d'estimateurs non paramétriques de la densité, les histogrammes modifiés, connus pour posséder de bonnes propriétés de convergence au sens des critères de la théorie de l'information. Dans le premier chapitre, ces estimateurs sont envisagés comme des systèmes dynamiques espace d'états de dimension infinie. Le second chapitre est consacré l'étude de ces estimateurs pour des dimensions suprieures un.
La deuxième partie de la thèse, intituleé méthodes combinatoires en estimation de la densité, se divise en deux chapitres. Nous nous intéressons dans cette partie aux performances distance finie d'estimateurs de la densité sélectionnés à l'intérieur d'une famille d'estimateurs candidats, dont le cardinal n'est pas nécessairement fini. Dans le premier chapitre, nous étudions les performances de ces méthodes dans le cadre de la sélection des différents paramètres des histogrammes modifiés. Nous poursuivons, dans le deuxième chapitre, par la sélection d'estimateurs à noyau dont le paramètre de lissage s'adapte localement au point d'estimation et aux données.
Enfin, la troisième et dernière partie, plus appliquée et indépendante des précédentes, présente une nouvelle méthode permettant de classer des courbes partir d'une décomposition des observations dans des bases d'ondelettes.
Ahmed, Mohamed Salem. "Contribution à la statistique spatiale et l'analyse de données fonctionnelles." Thesis, Lille 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL30047/document.
Full textThis thesis is about statistical inference for spatial and/or functional data. Indeed, weare interested in estimation of unknown parameters of some models from random or nonrandom(stratified) samples composed of independent or spatially dependent variables.The specificity of the proposed methods lies in the fact that they take into considerationthe considered sample nature (stratified or spatial sample).We begin by studying data valued in a space of infinite dimension or so-called ”functionaldata”. First, we study a functional binary choice model explored in a case-controlor choice-based sample design context. The specificity of this study is that the proposedmethod takes into account the sampling scheme. We describe a conditional likelihoodfunction under the sampling distribution and a reduction of dimension strategy to definea feasible conditional maximum likelihood estimator of the model. Asymptotic propertiesof the proposed estimates as well as their application to simulated and real data are given.Secondly, we explore a functional linear autoregressive spatial model whose particularityis on the functional nature of the explanatory variable and the structure of the spatialdependence. The estimation procedure consists of reducing the infinite dimension of thefunctional variable and maximizing a quasi-likelihood function. We establish the consistencyand asymptotic normality of the estimator. The usefulness of the methodology isillustrated via simulations and an application to some real data.In the second part of the thesis, we address some estimation and prediction problemsof real random spatial variables. We start by generalizing the k-nearest neighbors method,namely k-NN, to predict a spatial process at non-observed locations using some covariates.The specificity of the proposed k-NN predictor lies in the fact that it is flexible and allowsa number of heterogeneity in the covariate. We establish the almost complete convergencewith rates of the spatial predictor whose performance is ensured by an application oversimulated and environmental data. In addition, we generalize the partially linear probitmodel of independent data to the spatial case. We use a linear process for disturbancesallowing various spatial dependencies and propose a semiparametric estimation approachbased on weighted likelihood and generalized method of moments methods. We establishthe consistency and asymptotic distribution of the proposed estimators and investigate thefinite sample performance of the estimators on simulated data. We end by an applicationof spatial binary choice models to identify UADT (Upper aerodigestive tract) cancer riskfactors in the north region of France which displays the highest rates of such cancerincidence and mortality of the country
EL, MACHKOURI Mohamed. "Theoremes limite pour les champs et les suites stationnaires de variables aleatoires reelles." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002365.
Full textViallon, Vivian. "Processus empiriques, estimation non paramétrique et données censurées." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00119260.
Full textDe, Moliner Anne. "Estimation robuste de courbes de consommmation électrique moyennes par sondage pour de petits domaines en présence de valeurs manquantes." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCK021/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we address the problem of robust estimation of mean or total electricity consumption curves by sampling in a finite population for the entire population and for small areas. We are also interested in estimating mean curves by sampling in presence of partially missing trajectories.Indeed, many studies carried out in the French electricity company EDF, for marketing or power grid management purposes, are based on the analysis of mean or total electricity consumption curves at a fine time scale, for different groups of clients sharing some common characteristics.Because of privacy issues and financial costs, it is not possible to measure the electricity consumption curve of each customer so these mean curves are estimated using samples. In this thesis, we extend the work of Lardin (2012) on mean curve estimation by sampling by focusing on specific aspects of this problem such as robustness to influential units, small area estimation and estimation in presence of partially or totally unobserved curves.In order to build robust estimators of mean curves we adapt the unified approach to robust estimation in finite population proposed by Beaumont et al (2013) to the context of functional data. To that purpose we propose three approaches : application of the usual method for real variables on discretised curves, projection on Functional Spherical Principal Components or on a Wavelets basis and thirdly functional truncation of conditional biases based on the notion of depth.These methods are tested and compared to each other on real datasets and Mean Squared Error estimators are also proposed.Secondly we address the problem of small area estimation for functional means or totals. We introduce three methods: unit level linear mixed model applied on the scores of functional principal components analysis or on wavelets coefficients, functional regression and aggregation of individual curves predictions by functional regression trees or functional random forests. Robust versions of these estimators are then proposed by following the approach to robust estimation based on conditional biais presented before.Finally, we suggest four estimators of mean curves by sampling in presence of partially or totally unobserved trajectories. The first estimator is a reweighting estimator where the weights are determined using a temporal non parametric kernel smoothing adapted to the context of finite population and missing data and the other ones rely on imputation of missing data. Missing parts of the curves are determined either by using the smoothing estimator presented before, or by nearest neighbours imputation adapted to functional data or by a variant of linear interpolation which takes into account the mean trajectory of the entire sample. Variance approximations are proposed for each method and all the estimators are compared to each other on real datasets for various missing data scenarios
Nguyen, Quoc-Hung. "THÉORIE NON LINÉAIRE DU POTENTIEL ET ÉQUATIONS QUASILINÉAIRES AVEC DONNÉES MESURES." Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01063365.
Full textMagniez, Jocelyn. "Etude de la bornitude des transformées de Riesz sur Lp via le Laplacien de Hodge-de Rham." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0161/document.
Full textThis thesis has two main parts. The first one deals with the study of the boundedness on Lp of the Riesz transform d∆-½ , where ∆ denotes the nonnegative Laplace-Beltrami operator. The second one deals with the Sobolev regularity W1,p of the solution of the heat equation. We also establish some results on the Riesz transforms of Schrödinger operators with a potential possibly having a negative part. In this work, we consider a complete non-compact Riemannian manifold (M, g). We assume that M satisfies the volume doubling property (with doubling constant equal to D) as well as a Gaussian upper estimate for its heat kernel associated to the operator ∆. We work with the Hodge-de Rham Laplacian ∆, acting on 1-differential forms of M. With the Bochner formula, linking ∆to the Ricci curvature of M, we see ∆ has a vector-valued Schrödinger operator. It is a duality argument, based on a commutation formula, which links the study of ∆to the one of ∆. [...]
De, Anna Francesco. "On the dynamics of some complex fluids." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0051/document.
Full textThe present thesis is devoted to the dynamics of specific complex fluids. On the one hand we studythe dynamics of the so-called nematic liquid crystals, through the models proposed by Ericksen and Leslie, Beris and Edwards, Qian and Sheng.On the other hand we analyze the dynamics of a temperature-dependent complex fluid, whose dynamics is governed by the Boussinesq system.Nematic liquid crystals are materials exhibiting a state of matter between an ordinary fluid and a solid. In this thesis we are interested in studying the Cauchy problem associated to eachsystem modelling their hydrodynamics. At first, we establish some well-posedness results, such asexistence and uniqueness of global-in-time weak or classical solutions. Moreover we also analyzesome dynamical behaviours of these solutions, such as propagations of both higher and lowerregularities.The general framework for the initial data is that of Besov spaces, which extend the most widelyknown classes of Sobolev and Hölder spaces.The Ericksen-Leslie system is studied in a simplified form proposed by F. Lin and C. Liu,which retains the main difficulties of the original one. We consider both a two-dimensional and athree-dimensional space-domain. We assume the density to be no constant, i.e. the inhomogeneouscase, moreover we allow it to present discontinuities along an interface so that we can describe amixture of liquid crystal materials with different densities. We prove the existence of global-in-timeweak solutions under smallness conditions on the initial data in critical homogeneous Besov spaces.These solutions are invariant under the scaling behaviour of the system. We also show that theuniqueness holds under a tiny extra-regularity for the initial data.The Beris-Edwards system is analyzed in a two-dimensional space-domain. We achieve existenceand uniqueness of global-in-time weak solutions when the initial data belongs to specific Sobolevspaces (without any smallness condition). The regularity of these functional spaces is suitable inorder to well define a weak solution. We achieve the uniqueness result through a specific analysis,controlling the norm of the difference between to weak solutions and performing a delicate doublelogarithmicestimate. Then, the uniqueness holds thanks to the Osgood lemma. We also achieve aresult about regularity propagation.The Qian-Sheng model is analyzed in a space-domain with dimension greater or equal than two.In this case, we emphasize some important characteristics of the system, especially the presence ofan inertial term, which generates significant difficulties. We perform the existence of a Lyapunovfunctional and the existence and uniqueness of classical solutions under a smallness condition forthe initial data.Finally we deal with the well-posedness of the Boussinesq system. We prove the existence ofglobal-in-time weak solutions when the space-domain has a dimension greater or equal than two.We deal with the case of a viscosity dependent on the temperature. The initial temperature is justsupposed to be bounded, while the initial velocity belongs to some critical Besov Space. The initialdata have a large vertical component while the horizontal components fulfil a specific smallnessconditions: they are exponentially smaller than the vertical component
Shu-Chih, Yang, and 楊舒芝. "Using the NOAA MSU microwave data to estimate the intencity of a typhoon." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45498570743901372847.
Full text國立中央大學
大氣物理研究所
87
According to it’s weighting function, we know that the NOAA MSU has the ability to monitor the warm structure of a typhoon. With the aid of the hydrostatic balance, we can establish the relationship between the temperature and the surface pressure anomaly comparing with the environment. Following the gradient wind balance, we can further derive the typhoon average maximum wind of each direction related to the typhoon center. In this study, we use the MSU data to retrieve the temperature profile, and apply the Gaussian function to fit the temperature pattern at 250 hPa. By defining the environmental locations of all directions, we can get the environmental temperature and the temperature anomalies at difference distances from the typhoon center of a typhoon and use them to estimate the typhoon intensity. Our investigation shows that the high-level warming magnitude could affect the accuracy of this method. Therefore, we should prevent to include the abnormal temperature data due to the limb effect or the rainfall attenuation. Although the spatial resolution of the MSU is not quite ideal, it is still helpful for us to understanding and monitoring the warm structure of the mid and high levels. Based on our study, we found that our method could have the better results when typhoons developed slowly or maintained with a steady state. Besides, if the brightness temperature of the MSU second channel is attenuated seriously it will have a cold core at the low level. If this cold core overlaps with the high-level warm core, the intensity of the typhoon system will tend to increase. This will help us to estimate the intensity of a typhoon, which had no eye. Furthermore, we also found that if the warm structure appears as an unusual asymmetry pattern, it may indicate that the typhoon path tends to changes.