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Journal articles on the topic 'Estivation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

REES, BERNARD B., and STEVEN C. HAND. "Heat Dissipation, Gas Exchange and Acid-Base Status in the Land Snail Oreohelix During Short-Term Estivation." Journal of Experimental Biology 152, no. 1 (1990): 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.152.1.77.

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Within 4 days following entry into estivation, heat dissipation and oxygen consumption by the land snail Oreohelix spp. decreased by 83% compared to standard non-estivating rates. During both non-estivating and estivating conditions, the quantity of heat dissipated per mole of O2 consumed was indicative of a completely aerobic metabolism. This calorimetric-respirometric (C/R) ratio was −461±12 kJ mol−1O2 (S.E.M., N=5) under standard non-estivating conditions and −464±26 kJ mol−1O2 (N=4) during estivation. Respiratory exchange ratios reflected a primary dependence upon carbohydrate as a metabol

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2

Reilly, Beau D., David I. Schlipalius, Rebecca L. Cramp, Paul R. Ebert, and Craig E. Franklin. "Frogs and estivation: transcriptional insights into metabolism and cell survival in a natural model of extended muscle disuse." Physiological Genomics 45, no. 10 (2013): 377–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00163.2012.

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Green-striped burrowing frogs ( Cyclorana alboguttata ) survive in arid environments by burrowing underground and entering into a deep, prolonged metabolic depression known as estivation. Throughout estivation, C. alboguttata is immobilized within a cast-like cocoon of shed skin and ceases feeding and moving. Remarkably, these frogs exhibit very little muscle atrophy despite extended disuse and fasting. Little is known about the transcriptional regulation of estivation or associated mechanisms that may minimize degradative pathways of atrophy. To investigate transcriptional pathways associated

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3

Bell, Ryan A. V., Neal J. Dawson, and Kenneth B. Storey. "Insights into the In Vivo Regulation of Glutamate Dehydrogenase from the Foot Muscle of an Estivating Land Snail." Enzyme Research 2012 (March 26, 2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/317314.

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Land snails, Otala lactea, survive in seasonally hot and dry environments by entering a state of aerobic torpor called estivation. During estivation, snails must prevent excessive dehydration and reorganize metabolic fuel use so as to endure prolonged periods without food. Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) was hypothesized to play a key role during estivation as it shuttles amino acid carbon skeletons into the Krebs cycle for energy production and is very important to urea biosynthesis (a key molecule used for water retention). Analysis of purified foot muscle GDH from control and estivating condi

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WHITWAM, ROSS E., and KENNETH B. STOREY. "Pyruvate Kinase from the Land Snail Otala Lactea: Regulation by Reversible Phosphorylation During Estivation and Anoxia." Journal of Experimental Biology 154, no. 1 (1990): 321–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.154.1.321.

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Pyruvate kinase (PK) from tissues of the desert snail Otala lactea (Müller) undergoes a stable modification of its kinetic properties during estivation or in response to anoxia stress. In foot muscle and mantle, the kinetic changes induced by either state were virtually identical and were consistent with a less active enzyme form in estivation or anoxia: S0.5 PEP increased, and I50 values for Mg-ATP and L-alanine decreased, compared to the enzyme in control (aroused) snails. Estivation and anoxia also changed the properties of PK from hepatopancreas; some changes were consistent with a more ac

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5

Bishop, Tammie, Julie St-Pierre, and Martin D. Brand. "Primary causes of decreased mitochondrial oxygen consumption during metabolic depression in snail cells." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 282, no. 2 (2002): R372—R382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00401.2001.

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Cells isolated from the hepatopancreas of estivating snails ( Helix aspersa) have strongly depressed mitochondrial respiration compared with controls. Mitochondrial respiration was divided into substrate oxidation (which produces the mitochondrial membrane potential) and ATP turnover and proton leak (which consume it). The activity of substrate oxidation (and probably ATP turnover) decreased, whereas the activity of proton leak remained constant in estivation. These primary changes resulted in a lower mitochondrial membrane potential in hepatopancreas cells from estivating compared with active

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6

Mora, José M., and Franklin E. Castañeda. "Terrestrial movements, activity patterns and habitat use by Kinosternon scorpioides (Testudines: Kinosternidae) in Palo Verde National Park, Costa Rica." Phyllomedusa: Journal of Herpetology 21, no. 1 (2022): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v21i1p3-15.

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The Scorpion Mud turtle, Kinosternon scorpioides, is a widely distributed, semiaquatic species known to engage in regular terrestrial movement and terrestrial estivation. We studied terrestrial behavior in this species in Palo Verde National Park, northwestern Costa Rica. We determined terrestrial activity patterns by searching for active individuals during transects along 3.4 km of trails. We determined the distance that turtles traveled between the wetlands and estivation sites by fitting 10 terrestrially active individuals with a thread-bobbin tracking device attached to the rear of the car

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7

Ferreira, Marcus V. R., Antonieta C. R. Alencastro, and Marcelo Hermes-Lima. "Role of antioxidant defenses during estivation and anoxia exposure in the freshwater snail Biomphalaria tenagophila (Orbigny, 1835)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 81, no. 7 (2003): 1239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z03-104.

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The effects of 24 h of exposure to underwater anoxia and 15 days of estivation (at 2627°C) on the enzymatic antioxidant system of the hepatopancreas of the freshwater snail Biomphalaria tenagophila (Planorbidae) are described. The effect of 24 h of recovery was also investigated. Catalase activity dropped by 31% during 24 h of anoxia, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was reduced by 43% during the 15 days of estivation. This is consistent with the overall decrease in metabolic rate during estivation or anoxia. Indeed, the heartbeat diminished by 2836% during estivation (determination w

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8

Fishman, Alfred P., Allan I. Pack, Richard G. Delaney, and Raymond J. Galante. "Estivation inProtopterus." Journal of Morphology 190, S1 (1986): 237–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051900416.

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9

Hermes-Lima, M., and K. B. Storey. "Antioxidant defenses and metabolic depression in a pulmonate land snail." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 268, no. 6 (1995): R1386—R1393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1995.268.6.r1386.

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During arousal from estivation oxygen consumption by land snails (Otala lactea) increases severalfold. To determine whether snails prepared for an accompanying rise in the rates of oxyradical generation by altering their antioxidant defense mechanisms, changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation products were quantified in foot and hepatopancreas of control, 30-day estivating, and aroused snails. Compared with controls, estivating O. lactea showed significant increases in the activities of foot muscle superoxide dismutase (SOD) (increasing by 56-67%), catalase (51-7

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10

Rodriguez, Cristian, Alejandra D. Campoy-Diaz, and Maximiliano Giraud-Billoud. "Short-Term Estivation and Hibernation Induce Changes in the Blood and Circulating Hemocytes of the Apple Snail Pomacea canaliculata." Metabolites 13, no. 2 (2023): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo13020289.

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States of natural dormancy include estivation and hibernation. Ampullariids are exemplary because they undergo estivation when deprived of water or hibernation when exposed to very low temperatures. Regardless of the condition, ampullariids show increased endogenous antioxidant defenses, anticipating the expected respiratory burst during reoxygenation after reactivation, known as “Preparation for Oxidative Stress (POS)”. In this work, we tested the POS hypothesis for changes in the blood and hemocytes of the bimodal breather Pomacea canaliculata (Ampullariidae) induced at experimental estivati

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11

BROOKS, STEPHEN P., and KENNETH B. STOREY. "Glycolytic Enzyme Binding and Metabolic Control in Estivation and Anoxia in the Land Snail Otala Lactea." Journal of Experimental Biology 151, no. 1 (1990): 193–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.151.1.193.

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The mechanisms controlling glycolytic rate were examined in foot muscle of the terrestrial snail Otala lactea (Miiller) (Pulmonata, Helicidae), during short and long periods of estivation and anoxia. Binding associations between glycolytic enzymes and the particulate fraction of the cell were assessed in both states. The percentage of enzyme activity bound to particulate matter decreased significantly over the short term (4 days estivation and 14.5 h anoxia); significant changes were seen for hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase (PFK), aldolase and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in estivation and

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12

Salinas, Irene, Marijan Posavi, and Ottavia Benedicenti. "Discovery of a toxin for skin immune defense in African lungfish." Journal of Immunology 210, no. 1_Supplement (2023): 61.20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.210.supp.61.20.

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Abstract African lungfish estivate every dry season to survive unfavorable environmental conditions. The estivation process is associated with a drastic remodeling of the skin characterized by severe inflammation, granulocyte infiltration, epithelial damage and stem cell depletion which ultimately lead to formation of a cocoon with potent antimicrobial functions. We recently identified a novel toxin molecule that can be detected in the lungfish mucus and cocoon using proteomics. There are two genes in the African lungfish genome encoding for this toxin, one with six exons and the segmented dup

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13

Hermes-Lima, Marcelo, and Kenneth B. Storey. "Xanthine Oxidase and Xanthine Dehydrogenase from an Estivating Land Snail." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 50, no. 9-10 (1995): 685–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1995-9-1015.

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Abstract During arousal from estivation in land snails. Otala lactea, active metabolic functions are restored within minutes and oxygen consumption increases dramatically. During the transition from the hypoxic conditions of estivation to normoxia it is possible that xanthine oxidase (XO ) in hepatopancreas contributes to the observed lipid peroxidation. Using a fluorometric assay that is based on the oxidation of pterin, the activities and some properties of XO and XO+XDH (sum of XO and xanthine dehydrogenase activities) were measured in hepatopancreas extracts. Km values for pterin for XO an

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14

Hoyeck, Myriam P., Hanane Hadj-Moussa, and Kenneth B. Storey. "Estivation-responsive microRNAs in a hypometabolic terrestrial snail." PeerJ 7 (February 20, 2019): e6515. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6515.

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When faced with extreme environmental conditions, the milk snail (Otala lactea) enters a state of dormancy known as estivation. This is characterized by a strong reduction in metabolic rate to <30% of normal resting rate that is facilitated by various behavioural, physiological, and molecular mechanisms. Herein, we investigated the regulation of microRNA in the induction of estivation. Changes in the expression levels of 75 highly conserved microRNAs were analysed in snail foot muscle, of which 26 were significantly upregulated during estivation compared with controls. These estivation-resp

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15

Frick, N. T., J. S. Bystriansky, Y. K. Ip, S. F. Chew, and J. S. Ballantyne. "Cytochrome c oxidase is regulated by modulations in protein expression and mitochondrial membrane phospholipid composition in estivating African lungfish." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 298, no. 3 (2010): R608—R616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.90815.2008.

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We examined some of the potential mechanisms lungfish ( Protopterus dolloi ) use to regulate cytochrome c oxidase (CCO), during metabolic depression. CCO activity was reduced by 67% in isolated liver mitochondria of estivating fish. This was likely accomplished, in part, by the 46% reduction in CCO subunit I protein expression in the liver. No change in the mRNA expression levels of CCO subunits I, II, III, and IV were found in the liver, suggesting CCO is under translational regulation; however, in the kidney, messenger limitation may be a factor as the expression of subunits I and II were de

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16

Sirsi, Shashwat, Ferris E. Zughaiyir, Andrea Villamizar-Gomez, Austin M. A. Bohannon, and Michael R. J. Forstner. "A chance encounter in central Texas yields insights on the ecology of aestivating Siren nettingi (Caudata: Sirenidae)." Phyllomedusa: Journal of Herpetology 22, no. 2 (2023): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v22i2p131-137.

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    Siren spp. are often dominant vertebrates in the wetlands they occupy and are known to estivate when such wetlands dry up. Practical considerationslimit in-situ observations of estivating individuals. On 12 October 2021, we incidentally discovered an estivating aggregate of Siren nettingi in Bastrop County, Texas, USA. These salamanders were excavated from compact, rocky soil adjacent to a caliche road, at depths that ranged between ~0.2 to 1.5 m. The dominant vegetation at this site included Ulmus crassifolia, Persicaria sp., and various grass species. We recovered

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17

Pakay, Julian L., Philip C. Withers, Andrew A. Hobbs, and Michael Guppy. "In vivo downregulation of protein synthesis in the snailHelix apersaduring estivation." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 283, no. 1 (2002): R197—R204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00636.2001.

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Protein synthesis is downregulated during metabolic depression in a number of systems where the metabolic depression is effected by obvious extrinsic cues. The metabolic depression of the estivating land snail Helix apersa occurs in the absence of any obvious physiological stress and has an intrinsic component independent of temperature, pH, O2status, or osmolality. We show that this metabolic depression is accompanied by a downregulation of protein synthesis in vivo. The rate of protein synthesis decreases in two major tissues during estivation: to 23% and 53% of the awake rate in hepatopancr

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18

Wu, Cheng-Wei, Shannon N. Tessier, and Kenneth B. Storey. "Regulation of the insulin–Akt signaling pathway and glycolysis during dehydration stress in the African clawed frog Xenopus laevis." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 95, no. 6 (2017): 663–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/bcb-2017-0117.

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Estivation is an adaptive stress response utilized by some amphibians during periods of drought in the summer season. In this study, we examine the regulation of the insulin signaling cascade and glycolysis pathway in the African clawed frog Xenopus laevis during the dehydration stress induced state of estivation. We show that in the brain and heart of X. laevis, dehydration reduces the phosphorylation of the insulin growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R), and this is followed by similar reductions in the phosphorylation of the Akt and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase. Interestingly, p

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19

Staples, James F. "Metabolic Flexibility: Hibernation, Torpor, and Estivation." Comprehensive Physiology 6, no. 2 (2016): 737–71. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2040-4603.2016.tb00689.x.

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ABSTRACTMany environmental conditions can constrain the ability of animals to obtain sufficient food energy, or transform that food energy into useful chemical forms. To survive extended periods under such conditions animals must suppress metabolic rate to conserve energy, water, or oxygen. Amongst small endotherms, this metabolic suppression is accompanied by and, in some cases, facilitated by a decrease in core body temperature—hibernation or daily torpor—though significant metabolic suppression can be achieved even with only modest cooling. Within some ectotherms, winter metabolic suppressi

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20

Konno, Norifumi, Susumu Hyodo, Yoko Yamaguchi, Kouhei Matsuda, and Minoru Uchiyama. "Vasotocin/V2-Type Receptor/Aquaporin Axis Exists in African Lungfish Kidney but Is Functional Only in Terrestrial Condition." Endocrinology 151, no. 3 (2010): 1089–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2009-1070.

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The vasopressin/vasotocin (VT)-V2-type receptor (V2R)-aquaporin (AQP)-2 axis plays a pivotal role in renal water reabsorption in tetrapods. It is widely thought that this axis evolved with the emergence of the tetrapods, reflecting a requirement of water retention in terrestrial environment. Here we report that lungfish, the closest living relatives of tetrapods, already possess a system similar to the VT-V2R-AQP2 axis in the kidney, but the system is functional only in the terrestrial estivating condition. We cloned a novel AQP paralogous to AQP0. The water permeability of Xenopus oocytes was

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21

Wilcox, R. Stimson, and Hilmar A. Maier. "Facultative estivation in the water strider Gerris remigis." Canadian Journal of Zoology 69, no. 5 (1991): 1412–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z91-200.

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22

Secor, S. M. "Physiological responses to feeding, fasting and estivation for anurans." Journal of Experimental Biology 208, no. 13 (2005): 2595–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.01659.

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23

Storey, Kenneth B. "Life in the slow lane: molecular mechanisms of estivation." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 133, no. 3 (2002): 733–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1095-6433(02)00206-4.

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24

Young, John Ding-E., and Eugene Taylor. "Meditation as a Voluntary Hypometabolic State of Biological Estivation." Physiology 13, no. 3 (1998): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiologyonline.1998.13.3.149.

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Meditation, a wakeful hypometabolic state of parasympathetic dominance, is compared with other hypometabolic conditions, such as sleep, hypnosis, and the torpor of hibernation. We conclude that there are many analogies between the physiology of long-term meditators and hibernators across the phylogenetic scale. These analogies further reinforce the idea that plasticity of consciousness remains a key factor in successful biological adaptation.

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25

Ligon, Day B., and Paul A. Stone. "Radiotelemetry Reveals Terrestrial Estivation in Sonoran Mud Turtles (Kinosternon sonoriense)." Journal of Herpetology 37, no. 4 (2003): 750–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1670/244-01n.

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26

Christian, Keith, Brian Green, and Rod Kennett. "Some Physiological Consequences of Estivation by Freshwater Crocodiles, Crocodylus johnstoni." Journal of Herpetology 30, no. 1 (1996): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1564699.

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27

Bayley, Mark, Johannes Overgaard, Andrea Sødergaard Høj, et al. "Metabolic Changes during Estivation in the Common Earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa." Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 83, no. 3 (2010): 541–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/651459.

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28

Ligon, Day B., and Charles C. Peterson. "Physiological and Behavioral Variation in Estivation among Mud Turtles (Kinosternonspp.)." Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 75, no. 3 (2002): 283–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/342000.

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29

Nowakowska, Anna, Grażyna Świderska-Kołacz, Justyna Rogalska, and Michał Caputa. "Antioxidants and oxidative stress in Helix pomatia snails during estivation." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology 150, no. 4 (2009): 481–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2009.07.005.

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30

Hudson, Nicholas J., Sigrid A. Lehnert, Aaron B. Ingham, Beth Symonds, Craig E. Franklin, and Gregory S. Harper. "Lessons from an estivating frog: sparing muscle protein despite starvation and disuse." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 290, no. 3 (2006): R836—R843. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00380.2005.

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Long (6- to 9-mo) bouts of estivation in green-striped burrowing frogs lead to 28% atrophy of cruralis oxidative fibers ( P < 0.05) and some impairment of in vitro gastrocnemius endurance ( P < 0.05) but no significant deficit in maximal twitch force production. These data suggest the preferential atrophy of oxidative fibers at a rate slower than, but comparable to, laboratory disuse models. We tested the hypothesis that the frog limits atrophy by modulating oxidative stress. We assayed various proteins at the transcript level and verified these results for antioxidant enzymes at the bio

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31

Nedyalkov, Nedko, Ivailo Raykov, Lisa Hesse, and Anna Staneva. "Ecology and biology of the Roach's Mouse-tailed Dormouse (Myomimus roachi, Bate 1937)." ARPHA Conference Abstracts 5 (April 15, 2022): e85302. https://doi.org/10.3897/aca.5.e85302.

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The Roach's Mouse-tailed Dormouse (<em>Myomimus roachi</em>, Bate 1937) is endemic to the Western Palearctic (occurring in SE Bulgaria, Turkish and Greek Thrace, and western Anatolia) and is one of the less known mammals within the region. There is no information about its biology and ecology in the wild. In the course of the past 3 years (2019-2021), we conducted intensive research on a small population situated in southeast Bulgaria (Sakar mountain). The population was regularly monitored during the active time of the species. To study its ecology and biology we used a combination of nest bo

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32

Obidova, M. "COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE BRAIN OF THE HEDGEON (HEMIECHINUS AURITUS) IN DIFFERENT PHYSIOLOGICAL STATES." Znanstvena misel journal, no. 69 (August 19, 2022): 3–6. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7009131.

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The article presents the seasonal changes in the functions of the higher nervous activity in hedgehogs in different seasons and in different physiological states. It is set that in an active period of vital functions food conditional reflexes for hedgehogs are produced and stabilized easily. In the period of including in estivation there are considerable violations of conditionally reflex activity, and origin signs neurotically the states. After the exit of animals from the state of deep dormancy, positive and negative conditional reflexes appear and restored quicker as compared to control ani

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33

Rees, B. B., and S. C. Hand. "Biochemical Correlates of Estivation Tolerance in the Mountainsnail Oreohelix (Pulmonata: Oreohelicidae)." Biological Bulletin 184, no. 2 (1993): 230–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1542231.

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34

Peterson, Charles C., and Paul A. Stone. "Physiological Capacity for Estivation of the Sonoran Mud Turtle,Kinosternon sonoriense." Copeia 2000, no. 3 (2000): 684–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1643/0045-8511(2000)000[0684:pcfeot]2.0.co;2.

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35

NAKAI, Tetsuro, and Makio TAKEDA. "Effect of Temperature on the Estivation of Elcysma westwoodii (Lepidoptera, Zygaenidae)." Applied Entomology and Zoology 30, no. 4 (1995): 594–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1303/aez.30.594.

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36

Withers, PC. "Metabolic Depression During Estivation in the Australian Frogs, Neobatrachus and Cyclorana." Australian Journal of Zoology 41, no. 5 (1993): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9930467.

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The standard metabolic rate (SMR) of a number of species of Western Australian frogs is similar to that predicted for other anuran amphibians. The metabolic rate during activity is elevated 10-20 times above SMR, in close agreement with other studies of the energetics of amphibian activity. Species of two genera, Neobatrachus and Cyclorana, readily enter aestivation, which involves cessation of activity, formation of an epidermal cocoon, and depression of metabolic rate below SMR. The magnitude of metabolic depression varies between species from 70 to 80% (i.e. aestivation metabolic rate is 20

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37

Storey, Kenneth B., and Janet M. Storey. "Metabolic Rate Depression and Biochemical Adaptation in Anaerobiosis, Hibernation and Estivation." Quarterly Review of Biology 65, no. 2 (1990): 145–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/416717.

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38

Dhillon, Mukesh K., Fazil Hasan, Aditya K. Tanwar, and Amarpal S. Bhadauriya. "Factors responsible for estivation in spotted stem borer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe)." Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A: Ecological and Integrative Physiology 331, no. 6 (2019): 326–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jez.2271.

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39

Cowan, Kyra J., Justin A. MacDonald, Janet M. Storey, and Kenneth B. Storey. "Metabolic reorganization and signal transduction during estivation in the spadefoot toad." Experimental Biology Online 5, no. 1 (2000): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00898-000-0001-8.

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40

Garnsey, RB. "Seasonal activity and estivation of lumbricid earthworms in the midlands of Tasmania." Soil Research 32, no. 6 (1994): 1355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9941355.

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Earthworms have the ability to alleviate many soil degradational problems in Australia. An attempt to optimize this resource requires fundamental understanding of earthworm ecology. This study reports the seasonal changes in earthworm populations in the Midlands of Tasmania (<600 mm rainfall p.a.), and examines, for the first time in Australia, the behaviour and survival rates of aestivating earthworms. Earthworms were sampled from 14 permanent pastures in the Midlands from May 1992 to February 1994. Earthworm activity was significantly correlated with soil moisture; maximum earthworm activ

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41

Storey, K. B. "Turning down the fires of life: metabolic regulation of hibernation and estivation." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 126 (July 2000): S90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0305-0491(00)80178-9.

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42

Giraud-Billoud, Maximiliano, María A. Abud, Juan A. Cueto, Israel A. Vega, and Alfredo Castro-Vazquez. "Uric acid deposits and estivation in the invasive apple-snail, Pomacea canaliculata." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 158, no. 4 (2011): 506–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.12.012.

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43

Takada, Kaori, Kenji Kato, and Tokio Okino. "Environmental parameters and estivation of Rhyacodrilus (Tubificidae, Oligochaeta) in Lake Suwa, Japan." Ecography 15, no. 3 (1992): 328–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.1992.tb00043.x.

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44

Ramnanan, Christopher J., and Kenneth B. Storey. "The regulation of thapsigargin-sensitive sarcoendoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase activity in estivation." Journal of Comparative Physiology B 178, no. 1 (2007): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00360-007-0197-9.

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Cowan, Kyra J., and Kenneth B. Storey. "Urea and KCl have differential effects on enzyme activities in liver and muscle of estivating versus nonestivating species." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 80, no. 6 (2002): 745–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o02-144.

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Abstract:

The effects of 300 mM urea or 300 mM KCl on the maximal activities of 25 enzymes of intermediary metabolism were assessed in extracts of liver and muscle from spadefoot toads (Scaphiopus couchii), leopard frogs (Rana pipiens), and rats to assess their sensitivity to these osmolytes. During estivation, toads can lose ~50% of total body water, and urea, which is known for its action as a protein denaturant, accumulates to 200300 mM. The data show that the maximal activities of toad liver enzymes were not affected when assayed in the presence of 300 mM urea in vitro whereas urea inhibited the ac

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Biggar, Yulia, W. Aline Ingelson-Filpula, and Kenneth B. Storey. "Pro- and anti-apoptotic microRNAs are differentially regulated during estivation in Xenopus laevis." Gene 819 (April 2022): 146236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2022.146236.

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Smith, Matthew E., and Stephen M. Secor. "Physiological Responses to Fasting and Estivation for the Three-Toed Amphiuma (Amphiuma tridactylum)." Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 90, no. 2 (2017): 240–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/689216.

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Whitwam, Ross E., and Kenneth B. Storey. "Regulation of Phosphofructokinase during Estivation and Anoxia in the Land Snail, Otala lactea." Physiological Zoology 64, no. 2 (1991): 595–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/physzool.64.2.30158192.

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Schill, R. O., A. Reuner, and F. Brümmer. "Heat shock protein response during estivation in the Mediterranean Grunt Snail (Cantareus apertus)." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 151, no. 1 (2008): S35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.05.126.

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Rees, Bernard B., and Steven C. Hand. "Regulation of glycolysis in the land snail Oreohelix during estivation and artificial hypercapnia." Journal of Comparative Physiology B 161, no. 3 (1991): 237–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00262304.

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