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Journal articles on the topic 'Estoniya'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Bo'ltakov, Sardor, and Saidjalol Naimjonov. "SOLIQ TIZIMINI RAQAMLASHTIRISH BOSQICHLARI. ESTONIYA TAJRIBASI VA O'ZBEKISTON YO'LI." Science technology & Digital finance 3, no. 2 (2025): 43–46. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15558828.

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Mazkur maqolada soliq tizimini raqamlashtirish jarayonining bosqichlari badiiy-uslubiy shaklda tahlil qilinadi. Estoniya davlatining ilg‘or tajribasi asosida raqamli transformatsiyaning real bosqichlari ochib beriladi hamda O‘zbekistonda bu borada amalga oshirilayotgan islohotlar bilan taqqoslama tahlil o‘tkaziladi. Maqolada raqamlashtirishning huquqiy, texnologik, hamda institutsional asoslari yoritilib, kelajak istiqbollari haqida badiiy-falsafiy mulohazalar bildiriladi.

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2

Meliboyeva, Muqaddas Hikmatovna. "IQTISODIY MUNOSABATLARNI GLOBALLASHUVI SHAROITIDA SOLIQ TIZIMINI SAMARALI BOSHQARISHNI RIVOJLANTIRISH." MOLIYA TIZIMINI RIVOJLANTIRISHNING ZAMONAVIY TENDENSIYALARI VA ISTIQBOLLARI 1, no. 4 (2024): 529–32. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11398707.

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Annotatsiya.Ushbu maqola, O'zbekiston Respublikasida soliq tizimining yangilanishi va iqtisodiyotning globallashuvi sharoitidagi rolini tahlil qilishga bag'ishlangan. Shuningdek, Singapur, Estoniya va Germaniya kabi mamlakatlarning soliq tizimini yangilash bo'yicha tajribalari va ularning O'zbekiston uchun potensial ahamiyati muhokama qilinadi. Maqola, soliq tizimining samaradorligini oshirish va iqtisodiyotning barqaror rivojlanishini ta'minlashda soliq tizimining yangilanishining muhimligini ta'kidlaydi.

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3

Raxmonov, Abduxalil Rasulovich. "Raqamli transformatsiya sharoitida jamoat tashkilotlarini boshqarishni takomillashtirishda jahon tajribasi." Yashil iqtisodiyot va taraqqiyot 2, no. 11 (2024): 7–10. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14220204.

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Mazkur maqolada raqamli transformatsiya sharoitida jamoat tashkilotlarini boshqarishni takomillashtirishbo‘yicha jahon tajribasi tahlil qilinadi. Maqola raqamli infratuzilma, davlat xizmatchilarining raqamli malakasini oshirish vaaholi bilan hamkorlikni kuchaytirish kabi asosiy omillarni o‘rganadi. Jahonning turli davlatlaridagi tajribalar asosida raqamlitransformatsiya jarayonida erishilgan natijalar ko‘rib chiqiladi. Estoniya, Buyuk Britaniya, Singapur, Kanada va Shvetsiyakabi davlatlarning tajribasi o‘rganilib, O‘zbekiston sharoitida qo‘llash imkoniyatlar

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4

Turabov, Sarvar. "OʻZBEKISTONDA BYUDJET TASHKILOTLARI UCHUN ELEKTRON DOʻKON ORQALI DAVLAT XARIDLARINI BOSHQARISH SAMARADORLIGI VA IQTISODIY TEJASH IMKONIYATLARI". Iqtisodiy taraqqiyot va tahlil 2, № 10 (2024): 250–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.60078/2992-877x-2024-vol2-iss10-pp250-256.

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Ushbu maqola Oʻzbekiston Respublikasida byudjet tashkilotlari uchun davlat xaridlarini elektron doʻkonlar orqali boshqarishning samaradorligini va iqtisodiy afzalliklarini oʻrganishga qaratilgan. Oʻzbekistonda davlat xaridlari jarayonlarini elektronlashtirishning asosiy maqsadlari – korrupsiyani kamaytirish, byudjet mablagʻlaridan tejamkor foydalanish va xarid jarayonining shaffofligini taʼminlashdir. 2021-yil 22-aprelda OʻRQ-684-sonli qabul qilingan “Davlat xaridlari toʻgʻrisida”gi qonun hamda 2024-yil 10-iyuldagi PQ-249-sonli “Davlat xaridlari tizimini takomillashtirish va unda kichik tadbir

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5

Volodina, A. V. "BILINGUALISM IN ESTONIA: POLITICS, EDUCATION, CULTURE, AND MENTALITY." Siberian Philological Forum 14, no. 2 (2021): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.25146/2587-7844-2021-14-2-77.

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In Estonia, there is only one official language. At the same time about 25–29 % of the population in Estonia considers Russian as their native language. The area of the Russian language in Estonia is located mostly in the northeastern county (Ida-Virumaa). Trying to integrate the region into the Estonian-speaking space leads to the building of Estonian-language cultural and educational institutions, while the country leaders seem to be ready to use the Russian language in the communication with Russian-speaking minority. At the same time, there is a tendency to reduce the share of Russian lang

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6

Oispuu, Silvia. "Teaching History In Estonia Yesterday And Today." Teaching History: A Journal of Methods 17, no. 1 (1992): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/th.17.1.4-10.

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As you know, Estonian history, and therefore history teaching in Estonia, is very complicated. Estonians often have had to fight against foreign authorities even while these foreign invaders fought over Estonia among themselves. Estonia, or some part of it, was once governed by medieval orders of Germanic knights, by the kings of Denmark, Sweden, and Poland, by the Russian czars, and by both the Nazi and the Soviet governments. An independent Estonian Republic existed only from 1918 to 1940. According to the Peace Treaty of Tartu of February 2, 1920, Soviet Russia recognized Estonia as a de ju

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7

Gündüz oğlu Babayev, Emin, and Məleykə Nəsib qızı Bayramova. "Responsibilty for sexual violence in the history of foregin criminal law." SCIENTIFIC WORK 78, no. 5 (2022): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/78/17-23.

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Seksual cinayətlərə görə məsuliyyət məsələsi barədə xarici ölkələrin qanunvericiliyinin tarixi araşdırılaraq müqayisə edilmişdir. Belə məlum olur ki, seksual xarakterli cinayət əməllərinə görə məsuliyyət məsələsi müxtəlif dövrlərdə müxtəlif dövlətlərdə müxtəlif qaydada nəzərdə tutulmuşdur. Fransanın, İspaniyanın, Almaniyanın nəzərdən keçirilmiş cinayət məcəllələrindən fərqli olaraq, İsveçrə Cinayət Məcəlləsi zorlama və seksual xarakterli zorakılıq əməllərini nəzərdə tutan cinayətləri aydın bir şəkildə fərqləndirir. İngiltərə qanunvericiliyində seksual xarakterli zorakılıq hərəkətlərinin müstəq

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8

Rohn, Ulrike, and Karli Jaanson. "Film Branding: How the Estonia 100 umbrella brand influenced production, marketing and consumption of the Estonia 100 films." Baltic Screen Media Review 7, no. 1 (2019): 34–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bsmr-2019-0003.

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AbstractThe Republic of Estonia celebrated the 100th anniversary of its independence on February 24, 2018. The celebration marked a significant milestone for Estonians and, as a way of recognizing this, the Estonian government implemented different marketing and participatory strategies for involving individuals and organizations to take part in the celebration. As such, individuals and organizations were invited to create special gifts for Estonia and its citizens. These gifts could be in the form of tangible presents or in the form of special events and cultural programs. The official gifts

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9

Ermakov, Natalia. "Mordva materjal Eesti kogudes ja mordva diasporaad Eestis 20. sajandi lõpus ja 21. sajandi alguses." Mäetagused 89 (August 2024): 135–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/mt2024.89.ermakov.

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This article focusing on Mordvin material in Estonian collections and Mordvin (Erzya-Moksha) diasporas in Estonia in the late 20th–early 21st centuries is based mainly on materials collected in the period between 1994 and 2016 from the journal KUDO published by the Estonian Mordvin Society and reflecting the diverse life of the diaspora. We have also analysed recorded biographical data of Erzya and Moksha people residing in the Republic of Estonia and the archival material of the Estonian Mordvin Society. The article reviews the history of the first settlers, their number, formation of cultura

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10

Truusa, Tiia-Triin, Kairi Kasearu, and Liina-Mai Tooding. "THE EFFECTS OF CONSCRIPT SERVICE ON THE RECRUITMENT OF PROFESSIONAL SOLDIERS IN ESTONIA." CONTEMPORARY MILITARY CHALLENGES, VOLUME 2018, ISSUE 20/2 (June 15, 2018): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33179/bsv.99.svi.11.cmc.20.2.2.

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Povzetek Estonske obrambne sile so urejene po načelu rezervnih sil, zato je v Estoniji v veljavi obvezno služenje vojaškega roka. V tem članku preučujemo, kako sistem obveznega služenja vojaškega roka vpliva na proces pridobivanja kadra v estonskih obrambnih silah (EOS). S pomočjo podatkov iz ankete, izvedene med estonskimi naborniki, bomo preučili individualne in strukturne dejavnike, ki vplivajo na to, koliko so EOS zanimive kot delodajalec med naborniki. Testirali smo dve predpostavki, ki temeljita na teoriji. (1) Ob upoštevanju pristopa družbenega učenja predpostavljamo, da pozitivne in ne

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11

Włodarska, Agata. "Russian-Estonian Relations After 2007: Current Status and Development Prospects." International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal 13, no. 1 (2011): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10223-011-0005-1.

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The article highlights the major points that have influenced relations between Russia and Estonia after 2007. These relations were rather poor during the post- Soviet period. The number of Russian people who lived in Estonia after gaining independence in 1991 exceeded 30%, which resulted in the very keen interest of Russia In Estonian politics. April 2007 created a new reality for relations between the countries. The decision to move the statues of Second World War Soviet soldiers from main squares to cemeteries provoked negative reactions from Russians living in Estonia, but also infuriated l

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12

Ermakov, Natalia N. "MORDVA MATERIAL IN ESTONIAN COLLECTIONS AND MORDOVIAN DIASPORAS IN ESTONIA IN THE LATE XX – EARLY XXI CENTURIES." Historical and cultural heritage 14, no. 4 (2024): 427–37. https://doi.org/10.62669/30342139.2024.4.43.

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The article is about Mordovian materials in Estonian collections and the Mordovian (Erzya-Moksha) diaspora in Estonia at the end of the XX – beginning of the XXI centuries is based mainly on materials collected in the period between 1994 and 2016 from the journal “Kudo” published by the Estonian-Mordovian Society and reflecting the diverse life of the diaspora. The work also uses biographical data of representatives of the Erzya and Moksha nationalities residing in the territory of the Republic of Estonia, the archival materials of the Estonian-Mordovian Society and other archival materials lo

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13

Buresh, Donald L. "A Critical Evaluation of the Estonian Cyber Incident." Journal of Advanced Forensic Sciences 1, no. 2 (2020): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2692-5915.jafs-20-3601.

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This paper evaluates the effect of the Estonian cyber incident on Estonia, Russia, the United States, the European Union, and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, also known as NATO. The paper employs the Valeriano and Maness criteria for evaluating a cyber incident critically. The article asks how did the Estonian cyber incident come to pass, what were the foreign policy and international relationship effects, what was the impact on Estonia, and how did Estonia react to the attack. The essay concludes that the Estonian cyber incident was a catalyst, prompting the nations listed herein to a

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14

Egorov, Igor. "The Main Vectors for the Development of Estonian National Policy in the Late XX - Early XXI Centuries." Metamorphoses of history, no. 30 (2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.37490/s241436770027547-1.

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The practical foundations of the national policy of modern Estonia were laid in the conditions of the collapse of the USSR and the associated aggravation of interethnic relations. The contradictions of this period largely influenced the definition of the vector of further development of post-Soviet states, including in Estonia. In general, it can be assumed that the first five years of the recent history of Estonian statehood, the main stake in its national policy was made to stimulate the re-migration of most Russian-speaking residents. In the second half of the 1990s. in the official circles

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15

Dezi, Alessandra. "ESTONIAN ITEMS IN THE INTERNET DISCOURSE OF THE RUSSIAN SPEAKING POPULATION OF ESTONIA." Yearbook of Finno-Ugric Studies 13, no. 2 (2019): 331–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2224-9443-2019-13-2-331-342.

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The Estonian influence on the discourse of the Russian speaking population of Estonia has drawn the attention of many researchers. The insertion of elements of Estonian in the discourse of Russian speakers is analysed and systematised from different points of view. Research has been conducted on formal aspects of code switching and on more pragmatic language aspects on the basics of different material (e.g. spoken language, jargons and dialects, advertisements, journalistic texts). However, the influence of the Estonian language in the discourse of Russian speaking groups of Estonia has not be

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16

Stamm, Raini, Kevin Õun, Meelis Stamm, and Reeda Tuula-Fjodorov. "Estonian women’s national volleyball team’s success in 2019 European Championship final tournament." Papers on Anthropology 30, no. 2 (2021): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/poa.2021.30.2.04.

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The aim of the article was to analyse the game success and tactics of the Estonian team in subgroup C of the 2019 European Championship final tournament in sets won and lost. The subjects were the players of the Estonian volleyball team in the final tournament of the European Championship in 2019. The paper analyses Estonia’s performance in five games of the European Championship: Hungary – Estonia, Croatia – Estonia, Romania – Estonia, the Netherlands – Estonia and Azerbaijan – Estonia. A total of 19 sets were analysed, four of which the Estonian national team won. As a result, it

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17

Włodarska-Frykowska, Agata. "Ethnic Russian Minority in Estonia." International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal 18, no. 2 (2016): 153–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ipcj-2016-0015.

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The article examines the position of Russians in Estonia and their relation with ethnic Estonians. The author analyzes models of the society integration introduced by Tallinn after 1991. The results raise questions regarding language education in Estonia, the proficiency level of Estonian is getting widely known by Russians, but on the other hand, there is still a significant part of the population that cannot communicate in Estonian. Those who have a good command of Estonian tend to be better integrated and to coexist with both Estonians and Russians. Russians living in Estonia are supposed t

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KASEARU, KAIRI, ANN-MARGRETH E. OLSSON, ANDRES SIPLANE, and JANJA VUGA BERŠNAK. "MILITARY FAMILIES IN ESTONIA, SLOVENIA AND SWEDEN – SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES." CONTEMPORARY MILITARY CHALLENGES, VOLUME 22/2 (June 17, 2020): 69–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.33179/bsv.99.svi.11.cmc.22.2.4.

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Povzetek Koncept vojaške družine je prepoznan in preučevan v mednarodnem akademskem ter raziskovalnem okolju. Ni pa primerljivo uporabljan v različnih državah. Namen članka je razpravljati in razvijati koncept “vojaških družin” ter analizirati situacije, s katerimi se te družine spoprijemajo v vsakodnevnem življenju, v Estoniji, Sloveniji in na Švedskem. Osvetlili smo nekatere podobnosti in razlike, ki izhajajo iz kulturnih, družbenih in vojaških posebnosti posamezne države. Naštete vplivajo in sooblikujejo identifikacijo družine kot vojaške ter tudi prepoznavanje družine kot vojaške v širši d

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19

Kopõtin, Igor. "The Baltic Regiment in the Estonian War of Independence, 1918–1920. A Question of Loyalty." Acta Historica Universitatis Klaipedensis 45 (December 10, 2024): 129–54. https://doi.org/10.15181/ahuk.v45i0.2651.

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This article examines the Baltic Regiment, a military unit of Baltic Germans that served under the Estonian army in the Estonian War of Independence, fighting against the Bolshevik Red Army. It focuses on issues of loyalty and the complex relationships between the Baltic Regiment, the Estonian military leadership and Estonian society. Before Estonia declared independence in 1918, the Baltic Germans were the ruling class in Estonian society, and centuries of tension between them and the Estonian population created challenges for cooperation during the war. These strained relations led the Eston

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20

Raudsepp, Anu. "Erakirjad infoallikana Eesti ja Lääne vahel stalinismist sulani (1946–1959) [Abstract: Private letters between Estonia and the West as an information source from Stalinism to the start of the post-Stalin thaw, 1946–1959]." Ajalooline Ajakiri. The Estonian Historical Journal, no. 4 (September 9, 2019): 255–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/aa.2018.4.01.

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Private letters between Estonia and the West as an information source from Stalinism to the start of the post-Stalin thaw, 1946–1959 After the Second World War, the Iron Curtain isolated Estonia from the rest of the world for a long time, separating many Estonian families from one another. Up to 80,000 Estonians fled from Estonia to the West due to the Second World War. Information on Estonia and the West was distorted by way of propaganda and censorship until the end of the Soviet occupation. The situation was at its most complicated during the Stalinist years, when information and the

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21

Ermakov, Natalia. "Mordva material in Estonian collections and Mordvin (Erzya and Moksha) diasporas in Estonia in the late 20th–early 21st centuries." Yearbook of Balkan and Baltic Studies 6 (2023): 295–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/ybbs6.14.

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This article is based mainly on materials collected in the period between 1994 and 2016 from the journal KUDO published by the Estonian Mordvin Society and reflecting the diverse life of the diaspora. We have also analysed recorded biographical data of Erzya and Moksha people residing in the Republic of Estonia and the archival material of the Estonian Mordvin Society. The article reviews the history of the first settlers, their number, formation of cultural societies and their interaction with other organisations, integration into Estonian society, information about the first Estonian expedit

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22

Bakanov, Dmitry. "Activities of the Estonian Department of the People's Commissariat of the RSFSR in 1918." ISTORIYA 15, no. 12-2 (146) (2024): 0. https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840033885-2.

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This article is devoted to the early activities of the Estonian Department, which was part of the People’s Commissariat for Nationalities of the RSFSR. This body was engaged in introducing the Estonian population to the all-Soviet state building. The most important activities of this department were administrative, propaganda-publishing and cultural-educational. The department was most active in the Union of Communes of the Northern Region, the center of which was Petrograd. It is noteworthy that the leaders of the Estonian Department and its Petrograd branch became members of the first Soviet

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23

ÕUNAP, ERKI, SEI-WOONG CHOI, ALEXEY MATOV, and TOOMAS TAMMARU. "Description of Nola estonica sp. nov., with comparison to N. aerugula and N. atomosa stat. rev. (Lepidoptera, Nolidae, Nolinae)." Zootaxa 5082, no. 5 (2021): 401–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5082.5.1.

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Nola estonica Õunap sp. nov. (Lepidoptera, Nolidae, Nolinae) is described based on type material from Estonia. The lectotype is designated for Glaphyra atomosa Bremer, 1861, which is reinstated from a subspecies of Nola aerugula (Hübner, [1793]) to a full species: Nola atomosa (Bremer, 1861) stat. rev. The status of these three taxa as separate species is supported by the results of phylogenetic analysis of DNA barcodes, as well as external and genital morphology of adult specimens. Two new synonyms are established as follows: Nola atomosa (Bremer, 1861) = Nola candidalis Staudinger, 1892 syn.

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24

Kõvamees, Anneli. "Literature Defined by Language? Some Remarks on the Definition of Estonian Literature." Interlitteraria 24, no. 1 (2019): 236–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/il.2019.24.1.17.

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In the era when multiculturalism is one of the key concepts and the relationship between foreign and own is shifting, the definition of national literature has been in the centre of discussions. In Estonia the issue has been raised most prominently in connection with the Estonian Russianlanguage writer Andrei Ivanov (born 1971) whose works have turned out to be difficult to classify. How to define Estonian literature? Is it a literature written in the Estonian language, literature written by Estonians, literature associated with Estonia or is it a literature written in Estonia? Especially smal

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Baran, Bernadeta. "Budgetary Discipline and Internal Devaluation – Estonian Method to Overcome the Crisis." Equilibrium 9, no. 2 (2014): 9–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/equil.2014.008.

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The purpose of this article is to outline the main reasons and effects of the Estonian adjustments in response to the global financial and economic crisis. Estonia chose significant budgetary savings, in contrast with most other countries stimulating their economies by expansionary fiscal policy and leading to fiscal imbalances and growing public debts. Estonia did not carry out a devaluation of its currency, but restored competitiveness through internal devaluation. This strategy allowed Estonia to maintain a fixed exchange rate, fulfill the Maastricht criteria and adopt the single currency.

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Kasianczuk, M. H. "Non-governmental organizations of the Ukrainian diaspora in Estonia." Ukrainian Society 81, no. 2 (2022): 144–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/socium2022.02.144.

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The article analyzes quantitative and qualitative data related to the activities of non-governmental organizations of Ukrainians in Estonia, including the structure of umbrella organizations, sources of funding, frequency of cultural events, their content and attendance. A comparison with the number of members of informal online associations of Ukrainians in Estonia, as well as with official demographic statistics, shows that there is significantly low coverage of the Ukrainian community by the services of Ukrainian diaspora organizations in Estonia. Based on a survey of members of informal on

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27

Pilter, Lauri. "Romantic Poets in Epic Form of Nordic Countries and Estonia’s Classical Dialect Poetry." Interlitteraria 28, no. 1 (2023): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/il.2023.28.1.7.

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The recently awakened academic interest in the multilingual character of the written culture of the Baltic region in more distant times calls for fresh attention to and reassessment of the poetry of the ethnic minorities that have inhabited the territory of Estonia. One such minority was the Estonian Swedes who dwelt in western Estonia up to 1944. This paper mainly focuses on the lifecourse, as reflected in his poems, of Estonian Swedish native skald Mats Ekman, who wrote in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Since his work and the whole topic of Estonian Swedish culture are largely unkno

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Vilayət qızı Şahmuradova, Gülnarə, Tavat Hüseyn qızı Muradlı, and Könül Vaqif qızı Mikayılova. "Organization of early childhood education in the world and Azerbaijan." SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH 10, no. 6 (2022): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2789-6919/10/48-54.

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Məqalədə məktəbəqədər yaşlı uşaqların intelektual inkişafına xidmət edən bilik və bacarıqlar sisteminin əlçatanlığı, təkmilləşdirilməsi və inkişaf prosesinin izlənilməsi öz əksini tapmışdır. Məktəbəqədər təhsil müəssisələri şəbəkəsinin genişləndirilməsi, təhcizatının yaxşılaşdırılması dövlətin və cəmiyyətin maraqları çərçivəsində əsas hədəf kimi qarşıya qoyulmuşdur. Azərbaycan təhsil siyasətində və ideologiyasında uşaqların milli-mənəvi və bəşəri dəyərlər ruhunda, dövlət maraqları çərçivəsində tərbiyə olunması, ümumi təhsilə hazırlığının təmin edilməsi məktəbəqədər təhsil müəssisələrinin başlı

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Epner, Luule. "Contemporary Finnish drama in Estonian Theatre in the 21st century." Interlitteraria 24, no. 2 (2020): 380–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/il.2019.24.2.9.

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After regaining independence in 1991 Estonia, like other Baltic states, went through a transition period which can be described as a return to the West, i.e. Europe. By now, Estonia has joined European community and is successfully integrated with Europe. However, in regard to the country’s cultural and political identity, the process of self-determination continues, particularly on the level of regional identity: whether the newly independent Baltic countries belong to Eastern or Northern Europe? Estonia tends to position itself among Nordic countries, primarily by reason of close historical

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Jääts, Indrek. "Favourite Research Topics of Estonian Ethnographers Under Soviet Rule." Journal of Ethnology and Folkloristics 13, no. 2 (2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jef-2019-0010.

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Abstract Estonian ethnography as one of the Estonia-related disciplines was tied with Estonian nationalism from the very beginning. Defined as a science investigating mainly the material side of vanishing traditional peasant culture in the 1920s, it fitted rather well with the Soviet understanding of ethnography as a sub discipline of history. Thanks to the major cooperation projects initiated and coordinated by ethnographers from Moscow, Soviet Estonian ethnographers could continue studying Estonian traditional peasant culture. Their favourite research topics (folk costume, peasant architectu

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Sammet, Kaarel, Getriin Orgusaar, Mari Ivask, and Olavi Kurina. "An overview of Estonian woodlice (Isopoda, Oniscidea)." ZooKeys 1067 (October 29, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1067.68105.

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An overview of the Estonian terrestrial isopod fauna is given, based on literature data and material collected from 1984 to 2021. The identified material consisted of 10915 specimens belonging to 14 species and collected from 172 localities throughout Estonia. In combination with previous data from the literature data, there are now reliable records of 16 species of woodlice from Estonia. Two species, viz. Platyarthrus hoffmannseggii Brandt, 1833 and Hyloniscus riparius (C. Koch, 1838), are new for the fauna. The latter has probably colonised Estonia recently and range expansions have been rep

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Sammet, Kaarel, Getriin Orgusaar, Mari Ivask, and Olavi Kurina. "An overview of Estonian woodlice (Isopoda, Oniscidea)." ZooKeys 1067 (October 29, 2021): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1067.68105.

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An overview of the Estonian terrestrial isopod fauna is given, based on literature data and material collected from 1984 to 2021. The identified material consisted of 10915 specimens belonging to 14 species and collected from 172 localities throughout Estonia. In combination with previous data from the literature data, there are now reliable records of 16 species of woodlice from Estonia. Two species, viz. Platyarthrus hoffmannseggii Brandt, 1833 and Hyloniscus riparius (C. Koch, 1838), are new for the fauna. The latter has probably colonised Estonia recently and range expansions have been rep

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Włodarska-Frykowska, Agata. "Separatisms and Social Integration Processes on the Example of Estonia." Nowa Polityka Wschodnia 36, no. 1 (2023): 161–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/npw20233608.

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The article seeks to analyze political and social separatisms in contemporary Estonia and to outline integration processes in the country. The Russian national minority has been a factor that has significantly influenced the existing divisions in the interior of the country since the creation of the independent and sovereign Estonian state. Despite the passage of more than 30 years after regaining its independence, Estonia is still struggling with internal separatist mechanisms, whilst strongly developed and strengthened integration processes have significantly influenced its social consolidat

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Martynova, Daria Olegovna. "Inventing the National: The Art of Estonia in the 1880s-2000s." Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana 2(32) (2022): 144–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu19.2022.210.

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In the article, the author analyzes the visual strategies of the representation of the concept of «national» in the art of Estonia in the late XIXth-early XXIst century. Analyzing the socio-cultural discourses in Estonian art, the author comes to the conclusion that the initial «identity crisis» of Estonians associated with the Baltic-Scandinavian, Baltic-German and Soviet periods formed the basis of artistic strategies and practices of all Estonian art. Attempts to identify specifically Estonian features in art and culture led to the fact that artists rejected part of the historical and cultu

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Kallas, Jelena, Margit Langemets, Kristina Koppel, and Maria Tuulik. "State-of-the-art on monolingual lexicography for Estonia." Slovenščina 2.0: empirical, applied and interdisciplinary research 7, no. 1 (2019): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/slo2.0.2019.1.25-38.

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The paper describes the state of the art of monolingual lexicography in Estonia. Firstly, we describe the current situation in Estonia and the main public functions performed by the Institute of the Estonian Language. Secondly, we provide an overview of the primary types of monolingual academic dictionaries (dictionaries of Standard Estonian and explanatory dictionaries) published in Estonia since the 20th century. Monolingual learner’s lexicography has emerged as a new field in the 2010s, focusing on basic vocabulary and collocations. Thirdly, we give a short overview of accessibility policy

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Sammet, Kaarel, Tõnu Talvi, Ilmar Süda, and Olavi Kurina. "Pseudoscorpions (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones) in Estonia: new records and an annotated checklist." Entomologica Fennica 27, no. 4 (2016): 149–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.33338/ef.60259.

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The current knowledge of pseudoscorpions in Estonia is summarized, based on specimens preserved in various Estonian collections and new material collected from 1993 to 2015. Altogether 474 studied specimens belonged to 14 species, including nine species recorded from Estonia for the first time. Supplemented by Apocheiridium rossicum, listed by literature data only, the number of known Estonian pseudoscorpions is now set at 15. The findings of Mesochelifer ressli are the northernmost known for the species. Some ecological and phenological observations were made on the most common species, along

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Ingerpuu, Nele, Loore Ehrlich, Mare Leis, Tiiu Kupper, Leiti Kannukene, and Kai Vellak. "Additions and changes to the species list of Estonian bryophytes." Folia Cryptogamica Estonica 59 (July 7, 2022): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/fce.2022.59.05.

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Since the last additions (Vellak et al., 2021), four new species should be added to the list. Two of these (Calypogeia fissa and Timmia austriaca) are new finds, two (Hedwigia emodica and Syntrichia ruraliformis) were earlier known as varieties in Estonia. One species (Seligeria patula) should be excluded from the list since the voucher specimen was re-identified as S. calcarea and no other specimens were found among all collected specimens of genus Seligeria in Estonian herbaria and during inventories of genus Seligeria at all known localities in Estonia in 2020-2021. The number of species in

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Vanasaun, Ivo. "Tax In History: Transition from Soviet Union’s Tax Regime to Estonia’s Own Tax System." Intertax 49, Issue 10 (2021): 844–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/taxi2021081.

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Dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 resulted in regaining independence for many countries, including Estonia. This caused the urgent need for the country to design its own tax system together with drafting all of the relevant legal acts and implementing them in practice. Both the Estonian Parliament and Government (although both were inherited from the Soviet Union regime, the parliament had not yet been elected by Estonian citizens) initiated this work already in 1990–1991 when the first value added tax (VAT) regulations, personal income tax, and corporate income tax laws were adopted. Si

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Kelli, Aleksei, and Thomas Hoffmann. "The Abstraction Principle: A Pillar of the Future Estonian Intellectual Property Law?" European Review of Private Law 21, Issue 3 (2013): 823–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2013044.

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Abstract: Intellectual property law is being reformed in various countries worldwide, among which in the European Union at present Estonia endeavours one of the most comprehensive reform projects. While legislative challenges deriving from the 'digitalization' of social interaction, globalization, and general technical progress are widely discussed in public, some of the most essential purely legal questions to be answered while drafting Estonia's new Intellectual Property Law codification would usually stay within the small circle of the working group. The question in how far the abstraction

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О, Чимэг. "'BUDDHISM & AUSTRALIA' ОЛОН УЛСЫН БАГА ХУРАЛ БА ЭСТОНИЙН БУРХНЫ ШАШНЫ УЛАМЖЛАЛ". Philosophy and Religious Studies 14, № 14(385) (2013): 209–29. https://doi.org/10.22353/prs20131.24.

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Here is told about the international conference ''Buddhism & Australia'', it's organizer Estonian Nyingma, the Buddhist tradition in Estonia, it's father Karl Tenisson, Buryat Hambo lama Agvan Lobsan Dorjiev, who was in contact with him, Tenisson's student and co-walker Friedrich Lustig, baron Ungern von Sternberg, Kalmyk Dza lama Damba Dzjamtsan, the newly establisher of Estonian Buddhism, initiator of Estonian Nyingma Estonian Buddhist Brotherhood, creator of the Buddhist stupas and tankas artist Vello Vaartnou, his companion in activities, the Secretary of the conference ''Buddhism &amp

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Warchoł, Agnieszka. "Od ofiary do światowego lidera. Estonia po cyberatakach z 2007 roku." Politeja 20, no. 5(86) (2023): 307–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/politeja.20.2023.86.14.

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FROM VICTIM TO LEADER – ESTONIA AFTER THE 2007 CYBERATTACKS In the spring of 2007, Estonia became the target of co-ordinated cyberattacks. The attacks were part of a wider political conflict between Estonia and Russia over the relocation of a Soviet-era monument in Tallinn. The aim of this article is to present the effects of the cyberattacks on Estonian cybersecurity. The article consists of several parts. The first deals with the main causes of the conflict. In the second part, the author presents information about the direct results of the cyberattacks on Estonia. The last part presents str

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Verschik, Anna. "Pent Nurmekund as the translator of Yiddish folksongs into Estonian." Nordisk Judaistik/Scandinavian Jewish Studies 15, no. 1-2 (1994): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.30752/nj.69512.

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One can often hear the question: are there any Jews in Estonia at all? And if there are, is there any reason to speak about Estonian Jewry in the sense we speak about Polish, Lithuanian, Galatian Jewry? Indeed, Estonia has never been a “traditional” land of Jews: during the Russian rule it did not belong to the so-called pale of settlement. Estonia never met with the “Jewish question”, there was no ground either for everyday or for official antisemitism. The Department of Jewish studies in the University of Tartu was the first one of its kind in the Nordic countries. At that time it was not un

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Saro, Anneli. "Leedu draama retseptsioon Eestis." Eesti ja soome-ugri keeleteaduse ajakiri. Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics 8, no. 1 (2017): 221–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/jeful.2017.8.1.12.

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Eesti teatril on ajaloolises plaanis kõige tihedamad sidemed olnud saksa- ja venekeelse ning angloameerika kultuuriruumiga, kuid sidemed lõunapoolsete lähinaabritega on olnud üsna sporaadilised. Käesolev uurimus käsitleb Leedu draama vastuvõttu Eestis ja Eesti teatris. Artikli eesmärgiks on (1) anda statistiline ajalooline ülevaade Eestis ilmunud ja lavastatud Leedu näitekirjandusest ning (2) uurida Leedu draama retseptsiooni Eestis, tuginedes näidendite lähilugemisele, audio- ja videosalvestustele ja ilmunud kriitikale ning tõlgendades nimetatud allikaid Eesti kultuurikontekstist lähtuvalt.Ab

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Eenmaa, Ivi. "The National Library of Estonia." Alexandria: The Journal of National and International Library and Information Issues 3, no. 3 (1991): 169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095574909100300305.

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The National Library of Estonia, established in 1918, is now undergoing a revolutionary period of undoing the disastrous effects of the cultural policies of the communist regime. The library was the first in the Soviet Union to destroy the institution of banned books, the so-called ‘special collection’. Its democratic reconstruction follows from the cultural policies of the Estonian Republic, whose Supreme Council passed a National Library Act in 1990. The library is the central public research library of Estonia, acting at the same time as the library of Parliament. It collects, preserves and

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Jõesaar, Andres. "Polarised television audiences. The outcomes of the Estonian and European audiovisual media policies." Žurnalistikos Tyrimai 8 (December 7, 2015): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/zt/jr.2015.8.8840.

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The European Union’s (EU) liberalisation of media policies and its content quality bias towards economic efficiency has resulted in a situation where, in some small markets like Estonia, the audience is divided into two parts. The Russian-speaking audience in Estonia mainly follows Russian state TV channels, and the Estonian-speaking audience watches Estonian television channels. This has happened even though the EU media policy should ensure freedom of information, diversity of opinion and media pluralism. Findings from the Estonian case study show that despite the noble aim of the EU media p

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PRAAKLE-AMIN, KRISTI, MARJA-LIISA HÄNNINEN, and HANNU KORKEALA. "Prevalence and Genetic Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes in Retail Broiler Meat in Estonia." Journal of Food Protection 69, no. 2 (2006): 436–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-69.2.436.

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The prevalence and genetic diversity of Listeria monocytogenes in raw broiler legs at the retail level in Estonia were studied. A total of 240 raw broiler legs (120 from Estonia and 120 of foreign origin, which had been imported to Estonia from Denmark, Finland, Hungary, Sweden, and the United States) from 12 retail stores in the two largest cities in Estonia (Tallinn and Tartu) were investigated from January to December 2002. Of these, 70% were positive for L. monocytogenes. The prevalence of L. monocytogenes in broiler legs of Estonian origin (88%) was significantly higher than in broiler le

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Järvekülg, Madis, Ulrike Rohn, and Indrek Ibrus. "Making Sense of the International Reputation of a Small Film Industry: The Estonian Case." Baltic Screen Media Review 6, no. 1 (2018): 114–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bsmr-2018-0007.

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Abstract This article presents the results of a multi-method study carried out by the Tallinn University Centre of Excellence in Media Innovation and Digital Culture (MEDIT). The aim of this study was to investigate how international film professionals perceive the Estonian film industry; what image they have of Estonian film, and how they envision or have experienced Estonia as a destination for production and collaboration. The results of the study indicate that the skills of Estonian filmmakers are increasingly internationally renowned and valued among foreign professionals. At the same tim

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Jõgi, Reelika, Johanna Timonen, Leena Saastamoinen, Ott Laius, and Daisy Volmer. "Implementation of European Cross-border Electronic Prescription and Electronic Dispensing Service: Cross-sectional Survey." Journal of Medical Internet Research 25 (April 4, 2023): e42453. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/42453.

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Background The European cross-border electronic prescription (CBeP) and cross-border electronic dispensing system was first implemented in January 2019 when it became possible to purchase medications from community pharmacies in Estonia using a Finnish ePrescription. In 2020, Estonian ePrescriptions became available to be dispensed in Finnish pharmacies. The CBeP is an important milestone in increasing access to medicines across the European Union, and it has been unstudied to date. Objective This study aimed to investigate Estonian and Finnish pharmacists’ experiences of factors influencing a

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Lynn, Richard, Jüri Allik, Hllle Pullmann, and Kaia Laidra. "A Study of Intelligence in Estonia." Psychological Reports 91, no. 3 (2002): 1022–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2002.91.3.1022.

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The Standard Progressive Matrices was standardised in Estonia in 2001 on a sample of 2,689 12- to 18-yr.-olds. The mean IQ of the Estonian sample was approximately 5 points higher than British IQ norms of 1979. Adjustment for the estimated secular increase of intelligence in Britain reduces the mean IQ of the Estonian sample to 100.2, in relation to a British mean of 100. A particular interest of the result from Estonia is that the intelligence of a European population is apparently not impaired by decades of low living standards.

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Kirch, Marika, and Aksel Kirch. "Ethnic Relations: Estonians and Non-Estonians." Nationalities Papers 23, no. 1 (1995): 43–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905999508408348.

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As is generally known, the contemporary demographic situation in Estonia is fundamentally different from that of the prewar period. The autochthonous minorities who lived in the prewar Estonian Republic—Germans, Jews, Swedes, Finns, but also native Russians (living in the northern and southern areas of the Peipsi lake)—were lost after World War II together with a change of Estonia's eastern border by Soviet authorities in 1945. This left Estonia a very homogeneous country where Estonians formed some 97% of the population and where the entire population was made up of Estonian-speakers.

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