Academic literature on the topic 'Estoques C e N'
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Journal articles on the topic "Estoques C e N"
Silva, Helton de Souza, Adailson Pereira de Souza, Silvânia Maria de Sousa Gomes Nascimento, Mary Anne Barbosa de Carvalho, and Léa Cristina de Medeiros. "Modelagem do carbono e nitrogênio de um latossolo amarelo distrófico utilizando o Century 4.0." Revista Brasileira de Gestão Ambiental e Sustentabilidade 8, no. 19 (2021): 711–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21438/rbgas(2021)081904.
Full textLeite, Luiz Fernando Carvalho, Milton José Cardoso, Daniela Batista Costa, Rita de Cássia Alves de Freitas, Valdenir Queiroz Ribeiro, and Sandra Regina da Silva Galvão. "Estoques de C e de N e produtividade do milho sob sistemas de preparo e adubação nitrogenada em um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo do cerrado piauiense." Ciência Rural 39, no. 9 (December 2009): 2460–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782009000900012.
Full textSilva, Victor Maurício da, Alex Fabian Rabelo Teixeira, Jacimar Luis de Souza, Gabriel Pinto Guimarães, Antônio Carlos Benassi, and Eduardo de Sá Mendonça. "Estoques de Carbono e Nitrogênio e Densidade do Solo em Sistemas de Adubação Orgânica de Café Conilon." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 39, no. 5 (October 2015): 1436–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/01000683rbcs20140520.
Full textRangel‑Vasconcelos, Lívia Gabrig Turbay, Osvaldo Ryohei Kato, and Steel Silva Vasconcelos. "Matéria orgânica leve do solo em sistema agroflorestal de corte e trituração sob manejo de capoeira." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 47, no. 8 (August 2012): 1142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2012000800015.
Full textWinck, Bruna Raquel, Fabiane Machado Vezzani, Jeferson Dieckow, Nerilde Favaretto, and Rudimar Molin. "Carbono e nitrogênio nas frações granulométricas da matéria orgânica do solo, em sistemas de culturas sob plantio direto." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 38, no. 3 (June 2014): 980–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832014000300030.
Full textSouza, Edicarlos Damacena de, Sergio Ely Valadão Gigante de Andrade Costa, Ibanor Anghinoni, Paulo César de Faccio Carvalho, Marcelo Andrigueti, and Eduardo Cao. "Estoques de carbono orgânico e de nitrogênio no solo em sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária em plantio direto, submetido a intensidades de pastejo." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 33, no. 6 (December 2009): 1829–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832009000600031.
Full textXavier, Francisco Alisson da Silva, Stoécio Malta Ferreira Maia, Teógenes Senna de Oliveira, and Eduardo de Sá Mendonça. "Biomassa microbiana e matéria orgânica leve em solos sob sistemas agrícolas orgânico e convencional na Chapada da Ibiapaba - CE." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 30, no. 2 (April 2006): 247–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832006000200006.
Full textPulrolnik, Karina, Nairam Félix de Barros, Ivo Ribeiro Silva, Roberto Ferreira Novais, and Carolina Braga Brandani. "Estoques de carbono e nitrogênio em frações lábeis e estáveis da matéria orgânica de solos sob eucalipto, pastagem e cerrado no Vale do Jequitinhonha - MG." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 33, no. 5 (October 2009): 1125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832009000500006.
Full textAlmeida, Letícia Silva de, Verônica Aparecida Santos Ferreira, Luiz Arnaldo Fernandes, Leidivan Almeida Frazão, Agda Loureiro Gonçalves Oliveira, and Regynaldo Arruda Sampaio. "Indicadores de qualidade do solo em cultivos irrigados de cana-de-açúcar." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 51, no. 9 (September 2016): 1539–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2016000900053.
Full textRibeiro, Juliana Martins, Leidivan Almeida Frazão, Luiz Arnaldo Fernandes, Regynaldo Arruda Sampaio, Paulo Henrique Silveira Cardoso, and Agda Loureiro Gonçalves Oliveira. "Fertilidade do solo e estoques de carbono e nitrogênio sob sistemas agroflorestais no Cerrado mineiro." Ciência Florestal 29, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 913. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509825310.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Estoques C e N"
Sacramento, José Augusto Amorim Silva do. "Estoques e fluxos de C e N em Sistemas agrícolas tradicional e agroflorestais no Semiárido brasileiro." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2012. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/9049.
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The objective was to assess the changes promoted in the stocks and flows of C and N from the soil by farming systems agroforestry (agrosilvipasture - AGP and silvipasture - SILV) and traditional (TR), compared to natural vegetation of Caatinga (VN), after 13 years, the experiment was installed on a typical Ortic Chromic Luvisol, the city of Sobral, Ceará. Soil samples were collected at depths 0-6, 6-12, 12-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm, relief in four replicates per. Was determined by the total carbon carbon (TOC); total nitrogen (NT) and bulk density. The gas flow was measured using an analyzer in the field of O2, CO2, NO / NO x and SO 2 (UNIGAS Eurotron 3000). To this end, were used for still cameras based on galvanized steel and PVC cover installed in the field. The sampling was done in three replicates, considering the relief plan, convex and concave in each study situation. For each determination were performed triplicate, totaling nine chambers for relief. Soil samples were collected for determination of soil bulk density (Ds) and particle (Dp) and gravimetric moisture (Ug), which allowed the calculation of total porosity (Pt) and the pore space filled with water (EPPA). Among the agroforestry systems studied, the silvipasture, long-term, promoted greater reductions in C stocks and N, the system promoted agrossilvipastroil lower losses and represents a sustainable alternative to sequestration of soil C and N in the Brazilian semi-arid conditions. The traditional cropping system provided a reduction of 58.87 and 9.57 (Mg ha-1), which meant, a reduction of 6.5 and 1.06 (Mg ha-1), for those of TOC and TN, respectively. These results demonstrate the inadequacy of this system for the Brazilian semi-arid conditions. The concave topography (AGP) and flat (SILV) showed the highest values of TOC. For NT the concave shape (VN, AGP, and SILV) showed the highest values. Flows of C-CO2 varied with the time, AGP and SILV being similar to NV in the wet season, while in the dry season are higher. The TR has a different behavior, being higher during the wet season and similar to AGP and SILV in the dry. The flow behavior of NO present without a tendency similar to C-CO2: AGP and SILV presents similar to each other in the wet season, but smaller than VN. During the dry SILV and VN are larger than AGP. In TR NO was not detected in the two periods. The convex shape of relief TR system showed the highest values of C-CO2 fluxes in the wet season. In the dry season were found higher values of C-CO2 flows in AGP, SILV and RT, compared to NV flat terrain. Soil moisture was the variable most correlated with the fluxes of NO, what might be observed in systems SILV and AGP and VN convex reliefs.
Objetivou-se avaliar as alterações promovidas nos estoques e fluxos de C e N do solo por sistemas agrícolas agroflorestais (Agrossilvipastoril – AGP e Silvipastoril – SILV) e tradicional (TR), comparativamente à vegetação natural de Caatinga (VN), após 13 anos, em experimento instalado sobre um Luvissolo Crômico Órtico típico, no município de Sobral, Ceará. Amostras de solo foram coletadas nas profundidades de 0-6, 6-12, 12-20, 20-40 e 40-60 cm, em quatro repetições, considerando os relevos plano, convexo e côncavo em cada situação de estudo. Nestas amostras foram determinados o carbono orgânico total do solo (COT), nitrogênio total (NT), densidades do solo (Ds) e de partícula (Dp) e a umidade gravimétrica (Ug), o que possibilitou o cálculo da porosidade total (Pt) e o espaço poroso preenchido por água (EPPA). O fluxo dos gases foi quantificado no campo utilizando um analisador de O2, CO2, NO/NOX e SO2 (Unigás Eurotron 3000). Para tanto, foram utilizadas câmaras estáticas com base de aço galvanizado e tampa de PVC instaladas no campo em triplicatas, totalizando nove câmaras por relevo. Entre os sistemas agroflorestais estudados, o silvipastoril, em longo prazo, promoveu maiores reduções nos estoques de C e N, enquanto que agrossilvipastoril promoveu menores perdas, representando uma alternativa sustentável para o sequestro de C e N do solo nas condições semiáridas brasileira. O sistema de cultivo tradicional (TR) apresentou redução no período 13 anos de 58,87 e 9,57 Mg ha-1 (6,5 e 1,06 Mg ha-1 ano-1) dos estoques de COT e NT, respectivamente, o que comprova a não adequação deste sistema para as condições semiáridas brasileiras. Os relevos côncavo (AGP) e plano (SILV) apresentaram os maiores valores de estoques de COT, enquanto que para o NT, a forma côncava apresentou os maiores valores, no caso VN, AGP e SILV. Os fluxos de C-CO2 variaram com a época, sendo AGP e SILV semelhantes à VN no período úmido, enquanto no período seco estes mesmos sistemas foram maiores. O TR apresenta comportamento diferenciado, sendo maior no período úmido e semelhante ao AGP e SILV no seco. Os fluxos de NO apresentaram comportamento com tendência diferente do C-CO2: AGP e SILV apresentaram-se semelhantes entre si no período úmido, porém menores que VN. No período seco, SILV e VN foram maiores que AGP. No TR, o NO não foi detectado nos dois períodos. O relevo convexo no TR apresentou os maiores valores de fluxos de C-CO2 no período úmido. No período seco foram encontrados maiores valores de fluxos de C-CO2 em AGP, SILV e TR em relação à VN no relevo plano. A umidade do solo foi a variável que mais se correlacionou com os fluxos de NO, o que pôde ser observado nos sistemas SILV e AGP e na VN relevos convexos.
Deon, Diana Signor. "Mudança de uso da terra e impacto na matéria orgânica do solo em dois locais no Leste da Amazônia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11140/tde-03072013-084639/.
Full textLand use changes affect organic matter dynamics and the accumulation of C and N in the soil and are associated with greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs). Amazon region is relevant to Brazilian GHG emissions from land use changes. The aim of this study was to determine quantitative and qualitative changes in C and N stocks in the soil due to land use changes in Santarém (PA) and São Luís (MA). Soil samples were collected under different land uses: native vegetation, secondary vegetation, degraded pasture, improved pasture and annual agriculture. Additionally, we evaluated burnt forest areas in Santarém (PA) and fruit-growing and horticulture in São Luís MA. There were differences between the soils of native vegetation in both sites, despite the C and N stocks were similar. In Santarém, phosphorus and soil particle size were related to C and N stocks. In São Luís potential acidity was used to estimate C stock; soil particle size and total cation exchange capacity estimated N stock. C and N stocks in secondary vegetation were similar to those of native vegetation in both sites and related with the soil potential acidity. In Santarém C stock (0-30 cm) in improved pasture was greater than in native vegetation. In São Luís, C soil stock was similar to that of native vegetation. N stocks had similar behavior to C stocks. In improved pasture of Santarém sum of bases was important to estimate the C and N stocks; in São Luís there was negative effect of soil density. C and N stocks in degraded pastures were similar to native vegetation, but were influenced by different parameters. Annual agricultural areas had C stocks below those of improved pastures and native vegetation and its maintenance is related to the reduction of soil potential acidity and to the increase of soil exchangeable bases. Quality of soil organic matter was evaluated in samples of São Luís. Land use changes reduced the content of C in organic fraction (75-200 ?m), while more conservationists uses have increased the C in stable shapes (< 53 ?m). Secondary vegetation and improved pasture presented carbon management index similar to native vegetation. Conversion of native forest to agriculture or pasture reduced the C microbial biomass, but systems with large organic material input and with reduced tillage presented microbial C content similar to native vegetation. Pasture and agriculture also presented the smallest ratios of microbial biomass C to total organic C, indicating stress of microbial biomass.
Durigan, Mariana Regina. "Mudanças nos estoques de carbono e nitrogênio do solo em função da conversão do uso da terra no Pará." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11140/tde-03062013-093119/.
Full textThe land use change in the Brazilian Amazon has been identified as the main source of CO2 to the atmosphere due to emissions of soil carbon and nitrogenl. The management practice adopted can strongly influence the soil C and N stocks and may works like a sink or source of C and N to the atmosphere. Furthermore, can be changed: the soil fertility and bulk density as well as the SOM fractions and C source of the SOM. With the objective of evaluate the impact of the land use change in eastern Amazonia soil samples were collected in the main land uses in Santarém region, Para State of Brazil, at three depths: 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm. Through the samples was performed the physicochemical characterization of the areas and were determined the soil C and N contents as well the isotopes ? 13C and ? 15N in order to quantify the soil C and N stocks and understand the SOM dynamics and evaluate the SOM origin. For a subset of samples were performed the physical fractionation of SOM and the determination of microbial biomass C to understand how the land use change may interfere in these fractions. Added to these determinations were estimated the emission factors based on the methodology described by the IPCC. Through the physicochemical characterization study areas can be characterized as a clayey loamy soils. The highest values of pH, macronutrients, CEC , sum of bases and base saturation were observed in croplands (CP), suggesting that the use of practices such as fertilization and liming are able to change the soil fertility patterns in the Amazon, increasing their fertility. For C and N stocks can be said that the land use change in the study area is contributing to the loss of soil C and N, especially when the conversion is done for croplands (CP) and grasslands (GS) areas and the value observed for soil C stocks in the 0-30 cm layer in these areas were 49.21 Mg C ha-1 (GS) and 48.60 Mg C ha-1 (CP). The highest ? 13C value was found in GS, -25.08 ?, suggesting that for these areas is occurring an isotope dilution and that part of the soil C is still remaining from forest. The SOM fractions showed changes in the amount of C and in the proportion of light and occluded fractions, especially in the uses CP and GS. The labile SOM fractions (microbial biomass) also showed a large difference between the UF and CP uses (526.21 and 296.78 mg g-1 of dry soil), indicating that CP affects the soil C and N stocks and also the SOM fractions. The emission factors calculated confirm all results observed for the conversion of UF for CP, and for this use the emission factor was 0.93 ± 0.033, and then this was the use that emitted more C. Based on the results we conclude that the introduction of croplands in Santarem region is the main cause of soil C and N loss and consequently contributes more to the greenhouse gases emission.
Frazão, Leidivan Almeida. "Conversão do Cerrado em pastagem e sistemas agrícolas: efeitos na dinâmica da matéria orgânica do solo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64135/tde-18092007-113334/.
Full textLand-use changes of Brazilian savanna (Cerrado) result in alterations of the soil organic matter (SOM). Managements practices with tillage accelerate the SOM decomposition, enhancing greenhouse gases emissions from the soil to the atmosphere. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the changes in the SOM dynamics of a Typic Quartzipisamment submitted to different uses and managements systems, using as reference the native system (Cerrado). The present study was conducted in areas located at Comodoro (Mato Grosso state, Brazil) (from 13º50\'00\" till 13º50\'03\" S and 59º37\'18\" W). At each site, samples were taken randomly within seven areas. Sampling activities were performed in July 2005 and February 2006 and the sample sites consist of an area of \"Cerrado\" (CER); pasture (CAP22); conventional tillage with soybean (CS1), rice-soybean succession (CAS3) and rice-soybean-sorghum or millet (CAS/Sor3 and CAS/M3) successions; and a field with no-tillage system (CAP13S/M5). Studied variables were: physical and chemical attributes, C and N stocks, isotopic composition of 13C/12C and 15N/14N, C and N content in the SOM fractions, quantity of inorganic N, microbial C and N biomass, metabolic quotient (qCO2), and the soil gases fluxes (CO2, N2O and CH4). The results of this study showed that all evaluated fields under conventional or no-tillage systems result in physical and chemical attribute improvement in relation to the pasture (CAP22), with soil compaction decrease, pH increase and improvement of the availability in phosphorus, calcium and magnesium. The C and N stocks were higher in areas CAS/Sor3 and CAS/M3, corresponding to the highest clay content. The area CAP13S/M5 showed similar clay content, but smaller C and N stocks, this result was attributed to the land-use: thirteen years as pastures without reform and also the short time of no-tillage implantation. Analyzing the SOM fractions, it was verified higher C and N contents in the 50 \'mü\'m fraction. The higher quantities of inorganic N in relation to the CER were found in area CAS/M3, and with exception of this area, ammonium was the predominant form of inorganic N. Higher quantities of the microbial C and N were obtained during the wet season, when all areas presented a cover crop. Among areas, the higher quantities of microbial C and N were obtained in CAP22. The fluxes of C-CO2, excepting area CAS/Sor3, were higher during the wet season, while the fluxes of N-N2O and C-CH4 were similar between seasons studied, because high standard deviations were calculated for each gas. The land use promoted alterations in SOM dynamic, however it was not possible to differentiate the best land use for this Typic Quartzipisamment, mainly due to the short time of no-tillage implantation, and the degradation of the pasture (although of the implantation time was higher)
SANT?ANNA, Selenobaldo Alexinaldo Cabral de. "Balan?o de gases de efeito estufa em ?rea de cultivo de cana-de-a??car." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/2120.
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The study aimed to evaluate the changes in the soil stocks of C and N under non-burnt sugarcane grown in an area previously with pasture, and to quantify greenhouse gas emissions (N2O and CH4) and ammonia volatilization losses when using fertilizer and vinasse. The study was conducted in an area of a clayey Oxisol (LVef) in Ribeir?o Preto-SP. For the evaluation of C and N it was considered a chronosequence of two sugarcane areas, with 3 and 25 years of cultivation, and areas with pasture and over 30 years secondary forest. The stocks of C and N were estimated for the 0-30 cm and 0-100 cm layers. There was no statistical difference for the depth 0-30 cm, after correction for soil equal mass between forest, pasture and sugarcane of 3 years, which amounted to, respectively, 55.05, 48.85 and 49.96 Mg C ha-1 and 4.27, 3.74 and 3.83 Mg N ha-1. The area under the > 25 years sugarcane, for this depth range, showed statistically lower values of C stocks (46.04 Mg C ha-1) and N (3.45 Mg Nha-1) compared to secondary forest; but these values did not differ from the other two systems of land use. In the 0-100 cm layer, the forest showed a value significantly higher (118.36 Mg C ha-1) than the > 25 years sugarcane (103.25 Mg C ha-1) and the pasture (102.29 Mg C ha-1). The C stock (109.97 Mg C ha-1) in the 3 years sugarcane did not differ from the other systems. The forest and the 3 years sugarcane had higher N stock, respectively 8.52 and 8.02 Mg N ha-1, when compared with the sugarcane > 25 years (7.04 Mg N ha-1), but they were not different from the pasture (7.79 Mg N ha-1), which was not different from the > 25 years sugarcane. For sampling of gases and volatilization losses of NH3, a study was conducted in a completely randomized block design with six treatments: CSP-control without straw, FSP-fertilizer without straw, FCP-fertilizer with straw, CCP-control with straw, VSP-vinasse without straw and VCP-vinasse with straw, with five replications and three sampling periods in the years 2010, 2011 and 2012. The treatments consisted of applying 160 m3 ha-1 equivalent to 59 kg N ha-1 vinasse in 2010, 70 kg N ha-1 in 2011, and 108 kg N ha-1 in 2012, application of urea at a dose of 52 kg N ha-1 in 2010, and 100 kg N ha-1 in 2011 and 2012, and controls. The temporal variation of N2O fluxes in the three years was from 5.12 to 42.49 ?g N2O-N m2 h-1. In 2010 there was no difference among treatments, and in 2011 and 2012 it followed the FSP = FCP > CSP = CCP = VCP = VSP order. The emission factors ranged from 0.01 to 0.4%. The average flow rates of CH4 were negative. The NH3 volatilization losses in the three years of evaluation were less than 15% and 2% for doses of fertilizers and vinasse, respectively. The results suggest that the planting of sugarcane in pastures with low production does not significantly modify the stocks of C and N in the soil, although they reach values below the secondary forest (> 30 years) ones. The usage of nitrogen fertilization induces the production of N2O from the soil; the same tends to occur with vinasse application. Also, even with the maintenance of the straw, the emission levels are too low to be credited to these practices a risk of compromising the ethanol program.
O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as mudan?as nos estoques de C e N no solo em ?rea de cana-de-a??car cultivada sem queima em ?rea antes ocupada por pastagem e quantificar as emiss?es de gases (N2O e CH4) e as perdas por volatiliza??o de am?nia do solo pelo uso de fertilizante e vinha?a. O estudo foi realizado em uma ?rea de LATOSSOLO VERMELHO Eutrof?rrico (LVef), textura argilosa, no Munic?pio de Ribeir?o Preto-SP. Para avalia??o dos estoques de C e N foi considerada uma cronossequ?ncia com duas ?reas de cana-de-a??car, uma com mais de 25 anos e outra com 3 anos de cultivo respectivamente, e uma ?rea ocupada com pastagem e outra com floresta secund?ria com mais de 30 anos. Os estoques de C e N foram estimados para as camadas de 0-30 cm e de 0-100 cm. N?o houve diferen?a estat?stica para a profundidade 0-30 cm corrigido para massa igual de terra entre a floresta, pastagem e cana 3 anos, que somaram, respectivamente, 55,05, 48,85 e 49,96 Mg C ha-1 e 4,27, 3,74 e 3,83 Mg N ha-1. A ?rea sob cana > 25 anos para esse intervalo de profundidade apresentou estatisticamente menores valores dos estoques de C (46,04 Mg C ha-1) e N (3,45 Mg N ha-1) em rela??o a floresta secund?ria, por?m esses valores n?o diferiram dos outros dois sistemas de uso do solo. Na camada 0-100 cm a floresta apresentou valor significativamente maior (118,36 Mg C ha-1) do que as ?reas de cana > 25 anos (103,25 Mg C ha-1) e a pastagem (102,29 Mg C ha-1). A ?rea de cana com 3 anos apresentou estoque de C (109,97 Mg C ha-1) que n?o diferiu entre os tr?s outros sistemas. A floresta e a cana com 3 anos apresentaram maiores estoque de N, respectivamente (8,52 e 8,02 Mg N ha-1), comparada com a ?rea de cana > 25 anos (7,04 Mg N ha-1), mas n?o diferente da ?rea de pastagem (7,79 Mg N ha-1), a qual n?o diferenciou da ?rea de cana > 25 anos. Para as amostragens de gases e as perdas por volatiliza??o de NH3 o trabalho foi realizado em delineamento experimental em bloco inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos: CSP - controle sem palha, FSP - fertilizante sem palha, FCP - fertilizante com palha, CCP - controle com palha, VSP - vinha?a sem palha e VCP - vinha?a com palha e com cinco repeti??es e em tr?s per?odos de amostragens correspondentes aos anos de 2010, 2011 e 2012. Os tratamentos consistiram na aplica??o de 160 m3 ha-1 de vinha?a equivalente a 59 kg N ha-1 em 2010, a 70 kg N ha-1 em 2011 e a 108 kg N ha-1 em 2012, aplica??o de ureia na dose de 52 kg N ha-1em 2010 e 100 kg N ha-1 em 2011 e 2012 e controles. A varia??o temporal dos fluxos de N2O nos tr?s anos foi 5,12 a 42,49 ?g N-N2O m2 h-1. Em 2010 n?o houve diferen?a entre tratamentos e em 2011 e 2012 seguiram a ordem FSP = FCP > CSP = CCP = VCP = VSP. Os fatores de emiss?o variaram entre 0,01 e 0,4%. Os fluxos m?dios de CH4 foram negativos. As perdas por volatiliza??o de NH3 nos tr?s anos de avalia??o foram menores que 15% e 2% para as doses de fertilizantes e vinha?a respectivamente. Os resultados sugerem que o plantio da cana-de-a??car em ?reas de pastagens de baixa produ??o n?o modifica significativamente os estoques de C e N do solo, mas alcan?am n?veis inferiores aos da floresta secund?ria (>30 anos). O uso da fertiliza??o nitrogenada induz a produ??o de N2O do solo, assim como tende a ocorrer com a aplica??o da vinha?a, e mesmo com a manuten??o da palhada, os n?veis de emiss?o s?o muito baixos para se atribuir a essas opera??es um risco de comprometimento do programa de etanol.
Santos, Josiane Bürkner dos. "Alterações no estoque e taxa de sequestro de carbono em um Latossoto vermelho submetido a sistemas de manejo." UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE PONTA GROSSA, 2006. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/2193.
Full textThe objective of this study was to quantify the changes of the total carbon (C) and total nitrogen (N) stock, and the variation of the C pool’s in monthly soil samples, and the C balance and C sequestration rates provoked by the soil tillage systems. The soil samples were accomplished in a long term experiment implanted in 1988, in the experimental station of Fundação ABC located in Ponta Grossa city, Center-South area of the Paraná State. The soil tillage systems were comprised: a) Conventional Tillage (CT); b) Minimum Tillage (MT); c) No-tillage with chisel plow (NTCP) each three years; and d) No-tillage – Continuous (NTC). Soil samples for each treatments were obtained by digging 3 profiles of 20-cm x 50-cm (surface area) x 50-cm deep for each replicate, and collected from three depths (0,0- to 2.5- cm, 2.5- to 5-cm, 5- to 10-cm). In the samples collected in October of 2003, May of 2004 and November of 2004, the total organic carbon (TOC) and the total nitrogen in all of the depths was measured. The particle size fractionation was accomplished, separating the soil in fractions in the size of 2000 - 210 Wm, 210 - 53 Wm and <53 Wm. In all these fractions TOC was determined. The treatments had significant effects on TOC and TN contents and pools. The total C and N stock in NTC was superior to the other systems demonstrating larger maintenance of C in the soil. The larger concentration of C was observed in the 210 to 53 Wm particle size fraction in the NTC. In the 2000 - 210 Wm fraction of the 0,0-2,5 cm layer were observed larger changes in the C stock due to the management systems in the samples at all long year. The greatest change was accomplished to CT. In NTP, the stock of C was larger in all soil samples, indicating that the maintenance of the cultural residues in the associated surface protection of the aggregates allows larger accumulation of C. Although the C stock in the particle size fraction <53 Wm not to present significant differences among the management systems, and was observed the C migration of the coarse fractions (210-53 and 2000-210 Wm) to the recalcitrant particle size fraction, indicating a continuous C flow. The C balance model adjusted for the local conditions revealed that the oxidation rate acted by K2 is inferior to the simulations accomplished by other authors, demonstrating the importance of the local conditions. With this model, the minimum amount of crop residues to maintain NTC system in steady-state was 8,05 Mg ha-1 year-1 while in the PC treatment it won't be possible to reach the balance with the amount of crop residues placed in this long term experiment, being a deficient system.
RESUMO Este estudo teve por objetivo quantificar as alterações provocadas pela adoção de sistemas de manejo do solo sobre o estoque total de carbono (C) e nitrogênio (N), a variação do estoque do C nas épocas de coleta, o balanço de C e as taxas de seqüestro de C. As coletas do solo foram realizadas em um experimento de longa duração, implantado em 1988, na estação experimental da Fundação ABC em Ponta Grossa, Meso Região Centro-Oriental do Estado do Paraná. Os sistemas de manejo do solo foram avaliados: a) Preparo convencional (PC), Preparo mínimo (PM), plantio direto escarificado (PDE) e plantio direto permanente (PDP). As amostras foram coletadas em 12 épocas com intervalos mensais e nas profundidades de 0,0-2,5; 2,5-5,0 e 5,0-10 cm de profundidade. As amostras deformadas foram coletadas em mini-trincheiras nas camadas de 0,0-2,5 e 2,5-5,0 cm e na camada de 5,0- 10,0 cm com o auxílio do trado. Nas amostras coletadas em outubro de 2003, maio de 2004 e novembro de 2004 foi determinado o carbono orgânico total (COT) e o nitrogênio total (NT) em todas as profundidades amostradas. Nas amostras coletadas mensalmente foi realizado o fracionamento granulométrico da matéria orgânica, separando o solo em frações no tamanho 2000 – 210 Wm, 210 – 53 Wm e < 53 Wm. Em todas estas frações foi determinado o COT. O estoque total de C e N no PDP foi superior aos demais sistemas de manejo demonstrando maior manutenção do C no solo. O estoque de C nas frações granulométricas apresentaram diferenças significativas entre as camadas amostradas, observando-se maior concentração de C na fração 210 a 53 Wm do PDP. Na fração 2000 – 210 Wm da camada de 0,0-2,5 cm observaram-se maior alteração no estoque de C devido aos sistemas de manejo durante as épocas de coleta, sendo a maior amplitude de variação atribuída ao PC. No PDP, o estoque de C foi maior em todas as épocas de coleta indicando que a manutenção dos resíduos culturais na superfície associada à proteção dos agregados permite maior acúmulo de C. Embora o estoque de C na fração < 53 Wm não apresentar diferenças significativas entre os sistemas de manejo, observou-se uma migração do C das frações mais grosseiras (210-53 e 2000-210 Wm) para esta fração mais recalcitrante, indicando um fluxo contínuo de C. O modelo de balanço de C proposto por Henin e Dupuis (1945) e ajustado para as condições locais revelou que a taxa de oxidação representada pelo K2 é inferior às simulações realizadas por outros autores, demonstrando a importância das condições locais. Com este modelo, a quantidade mínima de resíduos culturais para manter sistema PDP em equilíbrio foi de 8,05 Mg ha-1 ano-1 enquanto no PC não será possível atingir o equilíbrio com a quantidade de resíduos culturais aportada, sendo um sistema deficitário.
Soares, Paula Fernanda Chaves. "Varia??o de atributos e din?mica de carbono e nitrog?nio em Organossolos em fun??o de uso e manejo agr?cola no Rio de Janeiro." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2011. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1226.
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The Histosols are characterized by high organic content, distinguishing this class from others in the Brazilian System of Soil Clasification. Because of this characteristic they are more fragile in face of agricultural use and management than mineral soils. The agricultural drainage is the most important practice that changes soil properties and it is the cause of subsidence, which impacts on other attributes. On the other hand, Histosols are an important natural reservoir of carbon in the soil. However, there are few studies on the dynamics of carbon and nitrogen and potential contribution of greenhouse gases as a result of agricultural usage. The study aims to identify changes in edaphic attributes and dynamics of carbon and nitrogen of Histosols in a floodplain environment in State of Rio de Janeiro, according to types of land use and agricultural management. Three areas with different managements were selected. Two areas are located in Macae municipality, under pasture and annual crop rotation, and the third in Santa Cruz, in Rio de Janeiro city, cultivated with cassava (Manihot esculenta). They were evaluated: chemical and physical attributes, including aggregate stability and specific attributes of Histosols; content soil organic matter (SOM), carbon in the fractions - humin (HUM-C), humic acid (HAF-C) and fulvic acid (C-FAF); stocks of C and N; and flux of gases CO2 and N2O from soil to atmosphere. In general, the area cultivated with cassava had the highest values for the exchangeable cations at all depths; in the first sampling the H value varied from 32.1 to 33.2 cmolc kg-1, and Ca from 20.4 to 15.7 cmolc kg-1. In the second sampling K and P (5.16 to 4.36 cmol c kg-1, and 4 mg kg-1, respectively) were highest in the cassava crop area. The levels of (SOM) were highest in the pasture for the two sampling periods, with values ranging from 306.3 to 249.0 g kg-1 (WB method) and 297.8 to 278,5 g kg-1 (oven method) for the first sampling, and from 303.2 to 153.9 g kg-1 (WB) and 322.9 to 176.1 g kg-1 (oven) in the second period, indicating that this usage is less aggressive to the soil. The physical properties of Histosols may be used to indicate degree of subsidence. Thus, the high values of particle density and bulk density (1.9 and 0.8 Mg m-3); the total volume of pores that ranged from 54 to 60% with the lowest values in the two samplings; and minimum residue and mineral material highest than other usages (0.49 to 0.44 cm and 85.1 cm-1 to 80.7%, respectively) in the cassava area point to the high subsidence ot these soil. As for SOM chemical fractionation, the C_HUM indicated that this fraction had highest expression in all areas. In the second sampling the cassava area showed the lowest values of C-HUM (79.05 to 76.27 g kg-1), followed by C_FAH (44.56 to 40.05 g kg-1) and C_FAF (20.37 to 14.36 g kg-1). The stocks of C and N were highest in the pasture area, indicating better preservation of SOM, with values from 72.93 to 117.12 mg kg-1 for C and from 8.35 to 2,67 mg kg-1 for N. The values of CO2-C flux were within the range of variation proposed by the IPCC, where the highest emission value corresponded to 0.09 Mg CO2 ha-1 day-1 in the pasture area. The values of N2O-N flux were lower than the emission rate proposed by the IPCC, with the highest value around 270 g N2O-N m-2 day-1 in the area with beans. In general, the area with pasture management stood up as management that caused the least damage to the Histosols properties, among the land use evaluated.
Os Organossolos caracterizam-se pelo alto teor de material org?nico, que distingue essa classe das demais no Sistema Brasileiro de Classifica??o de Solo. Ainda, por essa caracter?stica s?o solos mais fr?geis diante do uso e manejo agr?cola que solos com dom?nio de minerais. Dentre as pr?ticas que mais alteram as propriedades ed?ficas, a drenagem ? a mais importante e ? respons?vel pelo processo de subsid?ncia com impactos em v?rios atributos. Por outro lado, os Organossolos s?o importante reservat?rio natural de carbono no solo. Ainda assim s?o poucos os estudos sobre a din?mica de carbono e nitrog?nio e o potencial de contribui??o com gases de efeito estufa diante do manejo agr?cola. O estudo visa identificar altera??es nos atributos ed?ficos e na din?mica de carbono e nitrog?nio de Organossolos em ambiente de v?rzea no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, em fun??o de tipos de uso e manejo agr?cola. Foram selecionadas tr?s ?reas com manejos distintos. Duas ?reas localizam-se em Maca?, com pastagem e rota??o de culturas anuais, e a terceira em Santa Cruz, no Rio de Janeiro, com mandioca (Manihot esculenta). Foram avaliados: atributos qu?micos e f?sicos, incluindo estabilidade de agregados e atributos espec?ficos de Organossolos; teores de mat?ria org?nica do solo (MOS) e o teor de C nas fra??es humina (C-HUM), ?cido h?mico (C-FAH) e ?cido f?lvico (C-FAF); estoques de C e N; e fluxos dos gases CO2 e N2O do solo para a atmosfera. Em geral, a ?rea com mandioca apresentou os maiores valores para o complexo sortivo em todas as profundidades; na primeira coleta o H variou de 32,1 a 33,2 cmolc kg-1, e o Ca entre 20,4 e 15,7 cmolc kg-1. Na segunda coleta destacam-se os valores de K e P (5,16 e 4,36 cmolc kg-1 e 4 mg kg-1, respectivamente) tamb?m maiores na ?rea com mandioca. A MOS mostrou maior teor na ?rea de pastagem para as duas coletas, com valores variando entre 306,3 a 249,0 g kg-1 (m?todo WB) e 297,8 a 278,5 g kg-1 (m?todo da mufla) na primeira coleta, e para a segunda coleta de 303,2 a 153,9 g kg-1 (WB) e 322,9 a 176,1 g kg-1 (mufla), o que indica que esse manejo ? menos agressivo ao solo. As propriedades f?sicas dos Organossolos podem indicar o seu grau de subsid?ncia. Assim, os valores altos de densidade da part?cula e densidade do solo (em torno de 1,9 e 0,8 Mg m-3) mais o volume total de poros, que variou de 54 a 60% sendo os menores nas duas coletas, e o res?duo m?nimo e material mineral com valores maiores (0,49 a 0,44 cm cm-1 e 85,1 a 80,7%, respectivamente) indicam para a ?rea de mandioca maior grau de subsid?ncia. No fracionamento qu?mico da MOS o C_HUM indicou que essa fra??o teve maior express?o em todos as ?reas. Na segunda coleta a ?rea de mandioca apresentou os menores valores de CHUM (79,05 a 76,27 g kg-1) seguidos de C_FAH (44,56 a 40,05 g kg-1) e C_FAF (20,37 a 14,36 g kg-1). Os estoques de carbono e nitrog?nio foram mais altos no solo sob pastagem, indicando melhor conserva??o da MOS, com valores entre 117,12 e 72,93 Mg kg-1 para C e 8,35 e 2,67 Mg kg-1 para N. Os valores de fluxo de C-CO2 estiveram dentro da faixa de varia??o proposta pelo IPCC, em que o maior valor de emiss?o correspondeu a 0,09 Mg CO2 ha-1 dia-1 na ?rea de pastagem. Os valores de N-N2O foram menores que a taxa de emiss?o proposta pelo IPCC, com o valor mais elevado em torno de 270 ?g N-N2O m-2 dia-1 e na ?rea com feij?o. Em geral, a pastagem se destacou como o manejo que causou menor altera??o nas propriedades dos Organossolos, dentre as formas de uso da terra avaliadas.
Ahern, J. M. "Radical hydroacylation of C-C and N-N double bonds in air." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1309819/.
Full textQian, Xin. "Cobalt-Catalyzed C-C and C-N Coupling reactions." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00943479.
Full textSimayi, Rena. "Synthesis and reaction chemistry of various N,N,C- and O,N,C- palladium pincer complexes." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/39392.
Full textBooks on the topic "Estoques C e N"
Souci, Robert D. San. N. C. Wyeth's pilgrims. San Francisco: Chronicle books, 1991.
Find full textVa n Xua n Nhi Ho . Ho n em hanh phu c: Ta p truye n. Los Alamitos, Calif: Xua n Thu, 1988.
Find full textAnh, Phan. Con lo c ©ʻoi: Tuye n ta p truye n. Los Alamitos, Calif: Xua n Thu, 1987.
Find full textJohnson, Craig A. Methods for analysis of ¹⁵N/¹⁴N and ¹³C/¹²C in solid and aqueous cyanides: An interim report. [Denver, CO]: U.S. Geological Survey, 1995.
Find full textFrançoise, Billarant, and Billarant Jean-Philippe, eds. Premières pages: D/m/c n°492, 2009. Paris]: Aux Éditions des Cendres, 2013.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Estoques C e N"
Lindsley, C. W., and M. E. Layton. "Fragment N—C—N—C—C—N." In Six-Membered Hetarenes with Two Unlike or More than Two Heteroatoms and Fully Unsaturated Larger-Ring Heterocycles, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-017-00676.
Full textLindsley, C. W., and M. E. Layton. "Fragment N—N—C—N—C—C." In Six-Membered Hetarenes with Two Unlike or More than Two Heteroatoms and Fully Unsaturated Larger-Ring Heterocycles, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-017-00680.
Full textLindsley, C. W., and M. E. Layton. "Fragment C—C—N—N—C—N." In Six-Membered Hetarenes with Two Unlike or More than Two Heteroatoms and Fully Unsaturated Larger-Ring Heterocycles, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-017-00683.
Full textLindsley, C. W., and M. E. Layton. "Fragment N—C—C—N—N—C." In Six-Membered Hetarenes with Two Unlike or More than Two Heteroatoms and Fully Unsaturated Larger-Ring Heterocycles, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-017-00686.
Full textvon Angerer, S. "Fragment N—C—N—C—N—C." In Six-Membered Hetarenes with Two Unlike or More than Two Heteroatoms and Fully Unsaturated Larger-Ring Heterocycles, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-017-00796.
Full textAggarwal, P., and M. W. P. Bebbington. "Fragments N—N, C—C, C—N." In Six-Membered Hetarenes with Two Unlike or More than Two Heteroatoms and Fully Unsaturated Larger-Ring Heterocycles, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-117-00227.
Full textAggarwal, P., and M. W. P. Bebbington. "Fragment C—C—N—N—C—N." In Six-Membered Hetarenes with Two Unlike or More than Two Heteroatoms and Fully Unsaturated Larger-Ring Heterocycles, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-117-00242.
Full textAggarwal, P., and M. W. P. Bebbington. "Fragment C—N—C—C—N—N." In Six-Membered Hetarenes with Two Unlike or More than Two Heteroatoms and Fully Unsaturated Larger-Ring Heterocycles, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-117-00244.
Full textSato, N. "Fragment N—C—C—N—C—C." In Six-Membered Hetarenes with Two Identical Heteroatoms, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-016-00950.
Full textSato, N. "Fragment C—N—C—C—N—C." In Six-Membered Hetarenes with Two Identical Heteroatoms, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-016-00953.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Estoques C e N"
Davis, Philip, Stewart Novick, Stephen Kukolich, Adam Daly, Kexin Li, Ian Dorell, and Lu Kang. "THE ROTATIONAL SPECTRA OF CYANOACETYLENE DIMER, H-C-C-C-N ••• H-C-C-C-N." In 71st International Symposium on Molecular Spectroscopy. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15278/isms.2016.wa09.
Full textJenkins, Elizabeth E., and Marvin L. Marshak. "Large N[sub c]." In 10TH CONFERENCE ON THE INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS. AIP, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3293846.
Full textPolo-Ces, Paula, Pablo Frieiro-Gomis, Fátima Lucio-Martínez, Paula Munín, Pablo Romarís, M. Pereira, and J. Vila. "Palladacycles derivates of diimines ligands [N,C,C,N]." In The 21st International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-21-04760.
Full textGeorgier, Georgi Nikolov, and Mariana Nikolova Georgiera-Grosse. "Theorem for the relation between the L1(c, n) and L2(c,ρ, n) numbers." In 2014 XXXIth URSI General Assembly and Scientific Symposium (URSI GASS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ursigass.2014.6929203.
Full textJakes, P. "Synthesis and EPR studies of N@C[sub 60] and N@C[sub 70] radical anions." In The 14th international winterschool on electronic properties of novel materials - molecular nanostructures. AIP, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1342493.
Full textPlank, W. "Thermal stability of the heterofullerene (C[sub 59]N)X for X=C[sub 59]N,H." In ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OF MOLECULAR NANOSTRUCTURES: XV International Winterschool/Euroconference. AIP, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1426811.
Full textLingyun Li, Junqing Li, Shengxian Xie, and Huishan Yu. "The implications between C-SPR and CRn (n′, n) visited." In 2012 IEEE 14th International Conference on Communication Technology (ICCT). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icct.2012.6511314.
Full textWeidinger, A., B. Pietzak, M. Waiblinger, K. Lips, B. Nuber, and A. Hirsch. "Study of N@C[sub 60] and P@C[sub 60]." In The 12th international winterschool on electronic properties of novel materials: progress in molecular nanostructures. AIP, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.56478.
Full textWU, F. Y. "PROFESSOR C. N. YANG AND STATISTICAL MECHANICS." In Statistical Physics, High Energy, Condensed Matter and Mathematical Physics - The Conference in Honor of C. N. Yang'S 85th Birthday. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812794185_0028.
Full textHwang, W.-Y. Pauchy. "Large N[sub c] QCD sum rules." In The third international symposium on symmetries in subatomic physics. AIP, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1330916.
Full textReports on the topic "Estoques C e N"
Gland, J. L. Hydrogen induced C-C, C-N, and C-S bond activation on Pt and Ni surfaces. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6915688.
Full textGland, J. L. Hydrogen induced C-C, C-N, and C-S bond activation on Pt and Ni surfaces. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10102894.
Full textGland, J. L. Hydrogen Induced C-C, C-N, & C-S Bond Activation on Pt & Ni Surfaces. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/830711.
Full textGland, J. L. [Hydrogen induced C-C, C-N, and C-S bond activities on Pi and Ni surfaces]: Summary. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10110807.
Full textFriend, J. P. High-speed tapping for N/C machining centers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6114424.
Full textBall, J. Timothy. Running Title: C and N Allocation in Pine. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/762784.
Full textJoyner, Rex W. Diffractive Processes in 200-GeV/c $\pi^- N \to \pi^- \pi^- \pi^+ N$ Interactions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1433220.
Full textKarl, G., and H. J. Lipkin. Flavor symmetry in the large N{sub c} limit. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10107252.
Full textKarl, G., and H. J. Lipkin. Flavor symmetry in the large N sub c limit. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6138160.
Full textMcGuigan, M., and C. B. Thorn. Quark-antiquark Regge trajectories in large N{sub c}QCD. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10155611.
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