Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Estrés infantil'
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Eissa, Hamida Jienin Daisy. "Clima social escolar y estrés cotidiano infantil en estudiantes de primaria de Lima." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/656106.
Full textThe main objective of this research is to establish the relationship between daily childhood stress and school social climate among fourth and fifth grade students from a private school in Lima. As a specific objective, comparisons in both variables according to gender were established. Method: The sample consisted of 127 children between the ages of 8 and 12 (M=10.15; SD = 0.78); 59.1% of them female and 40.9% male. The Everyday Stress Scale for Children (Flores, 2017) and the Questionnaire for Evaluating the Social Climate of the School (Trianes, Blanca, De la Morena, Infante & Raya, 2006) were applied, adequate validity and reliability were evidenced for the scores of both instruments. Results: A weak inverse relationship is established, with a minimum effect size, between children's daily stress and the school social climate in both dimensions (referring to the center and the teachers). In addition, statistically significant differences were found in both dimensions of the school social climate according to sex, with women having the highest scores. Conclusions: There is a negative correlation between the school social climate and children's daily stress and differences in the school social climate in terms of gender.
Tesis
Piedra, Gutiérrez Joyce de la. "Estrés parental y anemia en niños de 6 a 49 meses en Pachacámac." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2016. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/7315.
Full textEl presente estudio exploró la asociación entre el estrés parental y la anemia infantil en madres de niños de 6 a 59 meses, que acudían al Servicio de Crecimiento y Desarrollo del Niño. Sesenta y una madres respondieron el cuestionario Índice de estrés parental/Versión corta (PSI-SF, por su sigla en inglés) (Abidin, 1995), y se obtuvo información del nivel de hemoglobina de sus hijos a partir de las historias clínicas. La anemia en los niños resultó independiente del estrés parental de sus madres. Los niveles de estrés parental fueron normales entre las participantes; sin embargo, hubo una mayor percepción del distrés parental y menor percepción de las características difíciles de los niños en la muestra. El estrés parental estuvo asociado a tener más de un hijo. No se encontró que la anemia en los niños estuviera asociada a alguna variable sociodemográfica de la madre o característica del niño. Finalmente, se recomienda un modelo de intervención de promoción de la salud para mejorar la alimentación de los niños, que fomente el empoderamiento y la autoeficacia en las madres.
Tesis
Pineda, Gonzales Denisse. "Estrés parental y estilos de afrontamiento en padres de niños con trastornos del espectro autista." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/1659.
Full textThe objective of this research is to describe and analyze the relationship between parental stress levels and styles/strategies of coping in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their relationship according to some sociodemographic data. The sample consisted of 58 parents whose children went to one of the five modules of an institution for child development. They completed a questionnaire to measure parental stress (PSI-SF) and another to identify the coping styles and strategies more employees (COPE). We found high levels of parental stress in both the total scale and its three domains. The parental distress domain correlated positively with suppression strategies relevant activities, behavioral disengagement and denial, while the correlation was negative with the strategy seeking social support for emotional reasons. On the other hand, the domain dysfunctional parent-child interaction positively correlated with behavioral disengagement strategy and negatively with the acceptance strategy. Finally, the domain related stress of child care was a positive correlation with behavioral disengagement and denial strategy, but negatively correlated with seeking social support for instrumental reasons. Finally, we found significant differences in the levels of parental stress and coping styles according to the module that the participants were attending. So those who go to San Juan de Miraflores reported lower levels of parental stress and further used coping styles focused on the emotion and the problem when compared with the other four modules.
Tesis
Mendoza, Álvarez Ximena. "Estrés parental y optimismo en padres de niños con trastorno del espectro autista." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/5732.
Full textThe present study investigated the relationship between parental stress levels and optimism levels in a group of 33 parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who assisted to an education center specialized in the management of autism spectrum disorder, considering the influence of socio-demographic factors (age, sex, etc.) and disease factors (psychological treatment and medication). They completed a questionnaire to measure parental stress (PSI-SF) and another to identify their predominant orientation to life (optimism or pessimism) (LOT-R). We found high levels of parental stress in both the total scale and each of their domains. The parents from Lima had a higher level of stress to assess their expectations about the achievements of their children and the reinforcements they receive from them in their roles as caregivers. Also, the parents of daughters felt more concern about their ability to control the behavior of their children. On the other hand, about the orientation in life, it was found that a higher percentage of parents have low optimism. Finally, the overall degree of perceived parental optimism correlates positively with the area of Dysfunctional Parent-Child Interaction and with the total score of parental stress in the sample.
Tesis
Herrera, Mautino Milagros Denisse. "Influencia de la Gráfica Ambiental y la Iconoplástica en el estrés de pacientes pediátricos hospitalizados." Bachelor's thesis, application/msword, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/626319.
Full textThe present research allows to know the problem of child stress in paediatric patients due to the lack of humanization of the hospital space. The general objective is to demonstrate that the Graphic Design applied through the Environmental Chart and the Iconoplastic influences the humanization of a health space to reduce the stress of children in hospitalization in the Hospital National Cayetano Heredia, the hypothesis is therefore generated: "The Graphic Design applied through the Environmental Chart and the Iconoplastic influences the humanization of a health space to reduce the stress of children in hospitalization at the Cayetano Heredia National Hospital." The approach used for this research is mixed. The study is experimental – pure experiments. The population consisted of 14 paediatric patients from 5 to 12 years of age in the area of Pediatric Hospitalization. The survey and focus group were used as data collection techniques for variables, hospitalization and child stress; the questionnaire for both variables was used as a tool. As a solution, the graphic intervention of the hospital environment to pediatricize and humanize the area of hospitalization. This is based on the results obtained and the need to adapt a hospital space to children’s needs. In conclusion, the response of paediatric patients was positive and the results of the tests were 90% success, so the hypothesis could be validated.
Trabajo de investigación
Cornejo, Swett María Angélica, and García Javiera Cuadra. "Efectos de la estimulación temprana mediante el protocolo piloto madre-canguro en el peso del recién nacido prematuro y el estrés de su madre." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2011. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/116871.
Full textEarly stimulation using Kangaroo Method seems to have numerous effects on preterm infants as much as their parents. It has been promoted as intervention for growth and development of newborns from a comprehensive view. Hence, the objective of the study is to determine whether the application of the Kangaroo Mother Care Pilot Protocol, elaborated by the neonatology unit of Luís Tisné Hospital, generates changes on weight mother stress and adverse events on preterm infants. The research is a descriptive and non-experimental, longitudinal design. In which is analized a group of 11 preterm infants and their mothers, collecting data from: on newborns, the presence of adverse events during the technique and the quantification of mother´s stress level (Maternal Stress Scale). From the results of the study we found a variation of 20,81% ± 6,83 on the percentage of weight gain, on the 10 days before the aplication of the stimulation, and a 23,13% ± 3,66 variation on the 10 days after, with no significant differences (p=0,31) in conjuction with the absence of adverse events. Finally, the decrease on mother´s stress, register by the aplication of the Kangaroo Mother Care Protocol, displayed a reduction statistically significant on each dimension of the Stress Maternal Scale (p=0,000).
Castro, Sáez Maravillas. "Trastorno por estrés postraumático en menores que han sufrido maltrato familiar: Directo y exposición a violencia de género." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/51490.
Full textFlores-Mazulis, María-Fernanda. "Propiedades psicométricas de la escala de estrés cotidiano infantil en niños de 3ero a 5to grado de primaria de colegios de Lima Metropolitana." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad de Lima, 2017. http://repositorio.ulima.edu.pe/handle/ulima/3571.
Full textTesis
García, Romero Bernardo Celso. "Estudio cualitativo del perfil del cuidador primario, sus estilos de afrontamiento y el vínculo afectivo con el enfermo oncológico infantil." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/32141.
Full textLa familia es una pieza clave en el apoyo del enfermo durante el proceso de la enfermedad. Sin embargo, las consecuencias psicológicas que conlleva el impacto de la enfermedad y continuos cuidados, a menudo repercuten en su propia salud y por ende en su calidad de vida. Objetivo: El presente estudio analiza las principales necesidades del cuidador primario, así como las motivaciones para la adquisición del rol y el mantenimiento del cuidado. Se han identificado las principales estrategias de afrontamiento que emplean los cuidadores a lo largo del proceso de la enfermedad para hacer frente al impacto del estrés, así como el análisis del vínculo afectivo que el cuidador mantiene con el enfermo. Metodología: A través de un estudio cualitativo de corte transversal se realizaron 35 entrevistas individuales y 10 grupos focales. Se contó con la participación de 26 mujeres y 9 hombres con una media de 34 años, todos ellos cuidadores primarios de niños y niñas con cáncer albergados en un centro de atención que brinda ayuda a enfermos infantiles de cáncer del occidente de México. Resultados: El perfil del cuidador primario corresponde, principalmente a mujeres, con un nivel educativo medio, casadas y de un estrato socioeconómico bajo, que ejercen su rol de cuidadoras y de amas de casa. La motivación del cuidado está asociada a sentimientos amor, deber y altruismo. La mayoría de los cuidadores empleaban estrategias de afrontamiento centradas en la emoción y mantenían un vínculo de tipo seguro con el enfermo.
The family is essential in supporting the patient during the disease process. However, the psychological consequences that entails the impact of the disease and ongoing care, often affect their own health and quality of life. Objective: This study analyzes the main needs of primary caregiver, and the reasons for the acquisition and maintenance of the role of care. The study has identified the main coping strategies used by caregivers throughout the disease process to face the impact of stress and the attachment between the caregiver and the patient. Methodology: Through a cross-sectional qualitative study was conducted 35 individual interviews and 10 reflective groups. It was attended by 26 women and 9 men with an average of 34 years, all primary caregivers of children housed in a cancer care center that provides assistance to children of cancer patients in western Mexico. Results: The primary caregiver profile corresponds mainly to women, with an average educational level and a low socioeconomic status who carry out their role as caregivers and homemakers. The motivation of care is associated with feelings love, obligation and altruism. Most caregivers used coping strategies focused on emotion and had a positive and safe attachment with the patient.
Monguillot, Alonso Marina. "Estils Educatius i Ansietat Infantil: Un Model Conceptual basat en les diferències de gènere." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/121597.
Full textThe research highlights the combination of high control and low warmth as the most predictive pattern of childhood anxiety. These parenting dimensions are also influenced by parent’s affective symptoms. But at the moment is unknown how gender moderates these relations. The aim of this thesis is contribute to the investigation of parenting style’s influence in anxiety specific symptoms, with the intention to do one’s bit to the incipient research about the importance of including a parental component in childhood anxiety prevention and treatment. The main objective of this study was the creation of a Structural Equation Model, focusing on gender differences, we also evaluated the mediator role of parenting style between caregiver’s affective symptoms and childhood anxiety. Participants were aged between 6 and 8, they were from the region of Osona (Catalonia, Spain). The dimensions of parenting included were control, rejection and emotional warmth, regarding the parents we assessed the presence of anxiety symptoms and depression symptoms. In relation to symptoms in children, were taken into account Generalized Anxiety, Separation Anxiety, Social Phobia and Specific Phobia. We expected that control, low warmth and rejection would affect all types of anxiety symptoms in children, we also suggested that these dimensions would be affected by parental symptoms, so we expected that caregiver’s anxiety would increase the degree of control while the caregiver’s depressive symptoms would increase levels of rejection and would reduce emotional warmth. Parallel hypotheses about these relationships were formulated for each specific childhood anxiety symptoms and focusing on gender differences. The most important results were: - The mediator role of caregiver’s depressive symptoms between warmth and generalized anxiety only in females. - The mediator role of caregiver’s anxiety between control and symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia and separation anxiety in both sexes. - Control affected more social phobia and separation anxiety in girls, while symptoms of generalized anxiety were the most affected for control in boys. This work opens a new line in childhood anxiety prevention, considering the type of symptoms and child’s gender.
Espinosa, Gil Rosa Maria. "El diagnóstico del trastorno por estrés postraumático en infancia y adolescencia y aportaciones para el trauma complejo." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/371148.
Full textDIAGNOSIS OF POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENT AND CONTRIBUTIONS FOR COMPLEX TRAUMA ABSTRACT Increasing scientific evidence exists of PTSD and various diagnostic classifications are proposing new criteria, the field of childhood and adolescence being less developed. While the APA (2013) It has included more specific symptoms in preschoolers, it described for school children, adolescents and adults virtually the same diagnostic criteria. The World Health Organization.(WHO) has a new proposal for stress-related and it is anticipated that will accommodate the complex PTSD diagnosis (based on situations of interpersonal violence) disorders. We review the different theories describing PTSD and how they have evolved from a perspective based learning, cognitive and neurobiological to later develop integrative perspective. Goals Determine symptom clusters for the diagnosis of PTSD in children and adolescents and analyze the validity of the CPSS in the diagnosis of PTSD in children exposed to trauma. Method The sample consisted of 221 children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years undergoing chronic domestic violence. Procedure Instruments: The Child symptom PTSD Scale (CPSS). We apply an exploratory factor analysis (not weighted least squares) and internal consistency analysis was performed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Results After data analysis we found one latent factor getting a good model fit. In turn, the internal consistency was .88.por we believe that the CPSS is a suitable and instrument with good psychometric properties. Conclusions In child and adolescent population it is recommended to focus on the presence of PTSD symptoms, regardless of the symptomatic group and the criteria specified within each. In this sense the dimensional approach seems more appropriate than the categorical approach towards responding to this population. The new proposal from the CIE 11 is closer to the approach of PTSD diagnosis, it is more parsimonious and get better respond to the child and adolescent population.
Pereira, de Abreu Desirée. "Promoción de la salud en la infancia y adolescencia: afrontamiento del estrés y bienestar subjetivo en preadolescentes escolarizados." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/400668.
Full textAquesta tesi doctoral té l'objectiu d'estudiar les relacions entre els esdeveniments estressors quotidians, les estratègies d'afrontament a l'estrès i el benestar subjectiu en nens i adolescents escolaritzats al nord-est del Brasil. La mostra global es compón de 864 participants amb edats compromeses entre 9 i 18, d’ alumnes de 6è i 1º ESO d'escoles públiques i privades, urbanes i rurals, un total de 27 escoles ubicades a Ceará-Brasil. Els qüestionaris administrats contenien un índex de pobresa multidimensional, tres escales de benestar subjectiu, vuit índexs de satisfacció per àmbits de la vida, l’escala d'afectes nuclears, l’índex de sentit de comunitat, l’inventari d'esdeveniments estressors, i l’inventari d'estratègies d'afrontament per a escolars . Els resultats de l'Estudi I apunten que la situació de major desavantatge social s'associa a un menor índex de benestar subjectiu, i que l'índex de pobresa multidimensional és un predictor important del benestar de la població estudiada. Els resultats de l'estudi II indiquen que els alumnes de les escoles públiques en contextos urbans al nord-est del Brasil estan més exposats que els de contextos rurals, a l'estrès quotidià y puntuen més baix el sentit de comunitat, sent aquest últim un important predictor del benestar de la població estudiada. Els resultats de l'estudi III identifiquen les noies com més afectades per l'estrès quotidià, sent el seu benestar subjectiu explicat pels afectes positius, que al seu torn és explicat negativament per l'estrès percebut
Brandi, Tarrau Nuria Mercedes. "Estrés oxidativo en el neonato prematuro y en pacientes pediátricos infectados por el VIH." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668859.
Full textReinoso, Bernuz Marta. "Ajuste psicosocial y vivencia de la adopción en niños/as adoptados/as internacionalmente." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/120099.
Full textInternational adoption has become increasingly popular in Spain, and the psychological adjustment and adaptation of these children have become very important issues. This thesis endeavours to contribute to increase the knowledge in this area and aims to investigate psychological adjustment, experiences of adoption, and stress and coping in Spanish internationally adopted children in middle childhood (ages 8-12 years). This dissertation consists of four empirical studies. The results of the first study, ‘Stress, coping and personal strengths and difficulties in Internationally adopted children in Spain’, show that children mainly report interpersonal problems concerning relationships and health/illness issues, predominantly employ approach coping strategies, and are generally well-adjusted. Avoidance coping strategies are associated with greater maladjustment. The findings of the second study, ‘Psychosocial adjustment in internationally adopted children: personal and parental perceptions’, confirm that the majority of international adoptees are well-adjusted in middle childhood. However, approximately 25% of them have school, externalizing behaviour, and adaptive functioning difficulties. Children adopted from Eastern Europe and Latin America experience more psychosocial maladjustment than children adopted from other countries. The third study, ‘Children’s and parents’ thoughts and feelings about adoption, birth culture identity, and discrimination in families with internationally adopted children’, shows that transracial adoptees express higher levels of birth culture identity and perceived discrimination than same-race adoptees. High levels of convergence between the children’s and parents’ viewpoints on the experiences of adoption are found, although significant divergences in their perceptions of cultural identity with the birth country and discrimination exist. Finally, the results of the fourth study, ‘Internationally adopted children’s general and adoption-specific stressors, coping strategies and psychological adjustment’, reveal that problems associated with adoption are frequent among internationally adopted children, especially among transracial adoptees; victimization is the most commonly reported stressor. The children, overall, use a wide repertoire of coping strategies in response to general and adoption-specific stressful events, and are well-adjusted. The research reported in this thesis provides evidence that most internationally adopted children in Spain present an adequate psychosocial adjustment, although discrimination and cultural diversity are important issues they face. Also, this research demonstrates that, from a relatively young age, adoptees are able to give their own views on adoption.
Kunrath, Let?cia Hoffmann. "Estrat?gias educativas : a perspectiva de pais de crian?as com transtorno de d?ficit de aten??o/hiperatividade." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2006. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/615.
Full textEste trabalho procura discutir o processo educativo familiar, buscando um entendimento a partir das estrat?gias educativas utilizadas nas fam?lias que t?m um ou mais filhos com Transtorno de D?ficit de Aten??o/Hiperatividade. Partirmos do pressuposto de que todos os sistemas em que essas crian?as e suas fam?lias encontram-se inseridas influem e s?o tamb?m influenciadas por essa conviv?ncia. Assim, foram elaborados dois artigos para a composi??o da disserta??o de mestrado. No primeiro, foi realizada uma revis?o da literatura sobre as caracter?sticas do TDA/H, bem como as estrat?gias educativas utilizadas pelos pais dessas crian?as. O segundo artigo se prop?s a realizar uma pesquisa que teve o intuito de investigar quais as estrat?gias educativas que os pais com filhos com TDA/H utilizam, al?m das que eles avaliam mais eficazes na educa??o dessas crian?as. Os resultados mostraram, em termos gerais, que os pais, estressados pela dificuldade referente ? educa??o de seus filhos, utilizavam-se demais de estrat?gias coercitivas do que indutivas, apontando para a necessidade de apoio e orienta??o para os pais dessas crian?as, por profissionais da ?rea da sa?de. Para que possam colocar em pr?tica o que avaliam como mais eficaz.
Oliveira, Ariane Rose Souza de Macedo. "An?lise de qualidade da aten??o ? crian?a na estrat?gia sa?de da fam?lia: o ?bito infantil evit?vel como refer?ncia." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2008. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/14684.
Full textAlma-Ata declaration bring the Primary Attention to the Health (PAH) as first level of health attention for individuals, family and community, which considers infant group as priority. Several initiatives that gave bases to integral attention to the children health formalized in the principles of Unique Health System. Family Health Strategy (FHS) comes to strengthen this attention, instituting new ways of work organization and professional practices that gave impact in their quality indicators. One of them is children mortality, showing decline in their values. Though, studies indicates persistence of avoidable infant deaths. In Natal RN, this reality is also perceptible leading to inquietudes, mainly at the space of services production, it means, which motivated the accomplishment of the present study intending to analyse the way that the organizational and structural processes as long as the professional practices in FHS interfered in the quality of children s health attention who died by avoidable death in the year of 2007 in municipal district of Natal-RN. It treats, therefore, to an exploratory and descriptive survey of cases study type, thar had as primary sources the oficial documents of MH, the family prontuary, pregnant card, child card and testimony obt ined from instrument of research elaborated based in investigation form of infant death by MH, applied to 10 mothers of children who had avoidable death. In analysis it was appealed silmultaneous triangulation of methods and sources, allowing a bigger aproximation from obtained informations. To elucidate the cases, the aspects studied were analyzed to the light of explicative model of Social Determinants of Health. Among individual and family aspects were highlighted the related to age, schooling, family habits and customs and mother s economic condition, besides of pregnancy age, newborn weight and associated diseases, which don t differ from literature about the theme. Reffering to the factors organizational and structural processes and professionals practice, highlihgted, the treatment given by the professionals, the territorialization and adscription of areas, the difficulty of having access to the services or sleepers and the reference and counterreference. But also, the ausence or few greet, the lack of communication, few assiduity and ponctuality by professionals in service, among others. In a general way mothers considers the attendance received in the hospital good and very good , opnions that in the Basic Attention weren t so favorable, in spite of many of predictible actions in this level have been performed in the studied cases. It is observed, therefore, that the social determinants of health has a strong influence in ocurrence of infant deaths, what implicates in a large actuation by Infant Mortality Committee from municipal district. This way, it becomes fundamental the reflection and evaluation about the effectiveness and execution by the processes of vigilance to health in FHUs; the rethink about the social determinants of health in a wide and articulate way to the services quality, to permanent education, to management in service, to the given attention and to the way how it is installed the popular participation and social control. To the professionals it is presented the great challenge to review their daily practice, their values, behaviors and commitment, which ones must be guided by logical of sharing, work in team, humanescence and alterity, not only by the accomplishment of a professional duty
A Declara??o de Alma-Ata trouxe a Aten??o Prim?ria ? Sa?de (APS) como o primeiro n?vel de aten??o em sa?de para indiv?duos, fam?lia e comunidade, o qual considera o grupo infantil como priorit?rio. Diversas iniciativas deram bases para aten??o integral ? sa?de da crian?a formalizada nos princ?pios do Sistema ?nico de Sa?de (SUS). A Estrat?gia Sa?de da Fam?lia (ESF) vem fortalecer essa aten??o, instituindo novas formas de organiza??o do trabalho e pr?ticas profissionais que impactam nos seus indicadores de qualidade. Sendo um deles a mortalidade infantil, ao apresentar decl?nio de seus valores. Todavia, estudos indicam a persist?ncia de ?bitos infantis evit?veis. Em Natal RN, esta realidade tamb?m ? percept?vel, gerando inquieta??es rincipalmente, no espa?o da produ??o dos servi?os, o que motivou a realiza??o do presente estudo com vistas a analisar de que modo os processos organizacionais e estruturais, bem como, a pr?tica dos profissionais na ESF interferiram na qualidade da aten??o ? sa?de das crian?as que foram a ?bito evit?vel no ano de 2007, no munic?pio de Natal-RN. Trata-se, portanto, de uma pesquisa explorat?ria e descritiva do tipo estudo de casos, que tomou como fontes prim?rias os ocumentos oficiais do MS; o prontu?rio da fam?lia, cart?o da gestante, e da crian?a e os depoimentos obtidos a partir do instrumento de pesquisa elaborado com base na ficha de investiga??o de ?bito infantil do MS, aplicado a 10 m?es das crian?as que foram a ?bito evit?vel. Na an?lise recorreu-se a triangula??o simult?nea de m?todos e fontes, permitindo uma maior aproxima??o das informa??es obtidas. Para elucidar os casos, os aspectos estudados foram analisados ? luz do modelo explicativo dos Determinantes Sociais da Sa?de. Dentre os aspectos individuais e familiares ressaltaram os relacionados ? idade, escolaridade, h?bitos e costumes familiares e condi??o econ?mica da m?e, al?m da idade gestacional, peso do neonato e doen?as associadas, os quais n?o diferem da literatura sobre o tema. Quanto aos fatores organizacionais, estruturais e a pr?tica dos profissionais, ressaltam-se o tratamento dispensado pelos profissionais, a territorializa??o e adscri??o de ?reas, a dificuldade de acesso aos servi?os ou leitos e a refer?ncia e contra refer?ncia. Mas tamb?m, a aus?ncia ou pouco acolhimento, a falta de comunica??o, a pouca assiduidade e pontualidade dos profissionais no servi?o, dentre outros. De maneira geral as m?es consideraram o atendimento recebido no hospital bom e muito bom , opini?es que na Aten??o B?sica n?o foram t?o favor?veis, apesar de que muitas das a??es previstas nesse n?vel de aten??o tenham sido realizadas nos casos estudados. Observa-se, portanto, que os determinantes sociais da sa?de exercem forte influ?ncia na ocorr?ncia dos ?bitos infantis. Desse modo, torna-se fundamental a reflex?o e a avalia??o acerca da efetiva??o e efic?cia dos processos de vigil?ncia ? sa?de nas USF; o repensar sobre os determinantes sociais da sa?de de forma ampliada e articulada ? qualidade dos servi?o, ? educa??o permanente, ? gest?o em servi?o, ? aten??o dispensada e ? forma como se instala a participa??o popular e o controle social. Para os profissionais apresenta-se o grande desafio de rever a sua pr?tica cotidiana, seus valores, comportamentos e compromissos, os quais devem orientar-se pela l?gica do compartilhamento, do trabalho em equipe, da humanesc?ncia e alteridade e n?o apenas do cumprimento de um dever profissional
Menegat, Carla de Barros. "Estrat?gias l?dicas utilizadas pelas crian?as frente ? separa??o materna na entrada da pr?-escola." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2006. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/688.
Full textForam elaborados dois artigos para a composi??o da disserta??o de mestrado. O primeiro, tem como objetivo discutir a liga??o entre a rela??o m?e-filho e a express?o do brincar. A revis?o da literatura centra-se, principalmente, nos estudos desenvolvidos por Donald W. Winnicott, pois este autor compreende que a constru??o do brincar est? interligada com a rela??o m?e e filho. Assim, o brincar inicia a sua express?o na rela??o com a m?e, mas, ao mesmo tempo, para ele poder, cada vez mais, tornar-se criativo e simb?lico a crian?a precisa tolerar a sua separa??o da m?e. Evidenciamos, ao longo deste trabalho, a import?ncia que o brincar tem para a crian?a como um meio de express?o e de elabora??o de ang?stias. S?o apresentadas algumas pesquisas atuais que investigam e salientam a valoriza??o do uso do brinquedo em situa??es em que as crian?as enfrentam dificuldades. Entretanto, percebemos que ainda h? poucos trabalhos com o referencial psicanal?tico sobre o brincar al?m do setting da psicoterapia psicanal?tica e da psican?lise com crian?as. O segundo artigo busca analisar as estrat?gias l?dicas que crian?as utilizam para enfrentar a separa??o materna na entrada da pr?-escola. Este entendimento ocorreu com base em observa??es do brincar de crian?as pr?-escolares e de entrevistas com as m?es. Foram observadas, durante um per?odo de tr?s meses, seis crian?as, com idades entre quatro e cinco anos na fase de ingresso na escola. Neste estudo se destacaram algum elementos: a rela??o entre m?e e filho, a identifica??o no brincar, o brincar e a fantasia do abandono, a ang?sita e o objeto transacional. Apesar das dificuldades de cada crian?a em lidar com a sua ang?stia de separa??o, todas conseguiram, no seu tempo, construir estrat?gias l?dicas na entrada da pr?-escola.
Fernández, Barrés Sílvia. "Early life factors and childhood obesity development." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/399640.
Full textLa obesidad infantil es uno de los mayores problemas en Salud Pública y empieza en edad temprana. Por lo tanto, identificar factores de riesgo podría ayudar en la prevención del desarrollo de obesidad infantil. El objetivo principal de esta tesis fue investigar la asociación prospectiva entre factores de riesgo durante el embarazo y la primera infancia, y el desarrollo de obesidad infantil. Usamos datos de dos cohortes de nacimiento del Proyecto INMA (España) y del Proyecto Viva (Estados Unidos). Exploramos las asociaciones entre varios factores de riesgo pre y postnatales y la obesidad infantil general y abdominal, el riesgo cardiometabólico y las trayectorias infantiles de crecimiento. Encontramos que factores de riesgo modificables en etapas tempranas juegan un papel importante en el desarrollo de obesidad. Las combinaciones de factores de riesgo modificables que predicen mayor obesidad difieren entre poblaciones. Sin embargo, la rápida ganancia de peso en la infancia es un factor de riesgo común de obesidad infantil, tanto general como abdominal. Nuestros resultados sugieren que la Dieta Mediterránea durante el embarazo podría tener un efecto protector en el tamaño del recién nacido, en el patrón de crecimiento y en la obesidad abdominal en la infancia. Sin embargo, este patrón alimentario podría no estar asociado con la obesidad infantil general y el riesgo cardiometabólico.
Childhood obesity is one of the main public health problems and starts in early life. Thus identifying risk factors could help to prevent childhood obesity development. The main objective of this thesis was to investigate the prospective association between potentially modifiable factors in pregnancy and infancy, and offspring childhood obesity development. We used data from two birth cohorts studies INMA project (Spain) and Project Viva (USA). We explored the associations between several pre and postnatal risk factors and childhood general and abdominal obesity, cardiometabolic risk and child longitudinal growth trajectories. We found that modifiable early-life risk factors play an important role in obesity development. The combinations of modifiable risk factors that predict higher obesity differed across populations. However, rapid infant weight gain is a common risk factor of general and abdominal obesity in childhood. Our findings suggest that the Mediterranean diet during pregnancy may have a protective effect on birth size, growth pattern and childhood abdominal adiposity in early childhood. However, this dietary pattern may not be associated with childhood general obesity and cardiometabolic risk.
Silva, Daiane Costa da. "A sala de leitura e escrita e as percep??es dos professores da segunda s?rie sobre a literatura infantil : uma estrat?gia de apoio pedag?gico." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2008. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/3548.
Full textEste estudo teve como objetivo analisar a percep??o dos professores, da segunda s?rie do Ensino Fundamental, em rela??o ao desenvolvimento dos alunos com defasagens na aprendizagem da leitura e da escrita utilizando atividades em literatura infantil. O estudo com abordagem de pesquisa-a??o, apoiada em paradigma qualitativo foi desenvolvido na sala montada, especialmente, para a realiza??o desta pesquisa, constituindo-se num ambiente favor?vel ? aprendizagem. O referencial te?rico ap?ia-se em autores como Cagliari, Ferreiro e Teberosky, Freire, Frantz, Engers, Lajolo e Zilberman, Aguiar, Cunha, Saraiva, Christofoli, Kaufman, Zanella, Piaget, Vigotsky, entre outros. A pesquisa foi realizada em uma escola de Ensino Fundamental do ensino p?blico de Porto Alegre. Os instrumentos utilizados na coleta de dados foram entrevistas semi-estruturadas, com tr?s professores, alunos e diagn?sticos iniciais e finais do desempenho das crian?as. Quanto ?s observa??es realizadas junto aos alunos foram feitas por meio de di?rio de campo, com o relato de todas as atividades desenvolvidas. Os dados foram analisados com base na an?lise textual qualitativa, proposta por Moraes (2003). Os resultados apontaram duas categorias de an?lise: Desempenho na aprendizagem da leitura e da escrita e Apoio pedag?gico: literatura infantil como motivadora da aprendizagem. Os resultados obtidos na an?lise indicam, que tanto professores como alunos acreditam ser satisfat?rio o uso da literatura infantil para auxiliar e motivar os alunos na aprendizagem da leitura e da escrita. Contudo, alguns aspectos evidenciados na pesquisa ressaltam as defasagens na aprendizagem, que na verdade demonstram que o aluno est? em processo de aquisi??o da leitura e da escrita.
Antunes, Diogo Silveira Heredia y. "Da inova??o em educa??o ?s escolas emergentes : papel social, valores e estrat?gias para a forma??o humana." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2018. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/8014.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq
This research has as main question to analyze the social role, values and strategies of human formation of the emerging schools. It is characterized as a qualitative exploratory research. It is organized from two spectra, a theoretical discussion supported by the literature and an empirical component, carried out through interviews with coordinators, teachers and mothers of two Neo humanistic children's education schools located in Porto Alegre (RS). For analysis of the research findings, it was used as methodology the Content Analysis organized in thematic categories. The emergent schools constitute in this research as a set of educational spaces that find as characteristics in common perspectives based on: complexity, transdisciplinarity, multidimensionality, interaction in the process of knowledge construction and ethics. This concept is more coherent to define the schools that were part of this research than the term innovative schools. The results show that the schools that were part of the field research take as a central point in their way of being school a set of values based on the Neo humanistic Philosophy called principles of Yama and Niyama, originated in Tantra, ancient philosophy of India. Other emerging schools also take as their central point values that find affinities with the principles of Yama and Niyama and which, like these, transcend any social, racial or religious sectarianism. This values express themselves in educational practice through strategies for human formation, which were being developed by the schools and applied day by day with the children. In the case of Neo humanist schools, these strategies can be divided into three blocks, which are: a) the four pillars, namely, Yoga, meditation, vegetarian eating and the principles of Yama and Niyama; b) activities related to philosophy, stories related to values, songs and songs; and c) other pedagogical activities, which include a wide range of elements such as stories, cooperative games, games, painting, among others. Both the values and the strategies for human formation are aligned with the social role that these schools intend to assume, which includes a set of elements that can be summarized as follows: in a broad way, schools make a commitment with life, and work for us to adopt other ways of occupying the place of humanity in the K?smos, which passes through the conscientious maturing of humanity. In addition, the school places itself as a protected place, with space to experience cultural plurality and at the same time that it has affinity with the values of the families that integrate its community, it also expands the familiar horizons. Finally, I make a synthesis about the reflections made from interviews and visits in emerging schools that points to some relevant issues that have been shown as common points in these different experiences, which are: Education perceived as a way to learn to live in the world; the deep sense of cooperation in relationships; the relationship with nature, recognizing her as a mistress and nourish mother; the school as a place of self-knowledge; and the emerging school as a possible space to reinvent the world.
Esta pesquisa tem como quest?o principal analisar o papel social, valores e estrat?gias de forma??o humana das escolas emergentes. Caracteriza-se como pesquisa qualitativa de car?ter explorat?rio. Organiza-se a partir de dois espectros, uma discuss?o te?rica amparada na literatura e um componente emp?rico, realizado atrav?s de entrevistas com coordenadoras, professoras e m?es de duas escolas neo-humanistas de educa??o infantil situadas em Porto Alegre (RS). Para an?lise dos achados de pesquisa, utilizou como metodologia a An?lise de Conte?do organizada em categorias tem?ticas. As escolas emergentes constituem-se, nesta pesquisa, como um conjunto de espa?os educativos que encontram, como caracter?sticas em comum, perspectivas alicer?adas na complexidade, transdisciplinaridade, multidimensionalidade, intera??o no processo de constru??o do conhecimento e ?tica. Este conceito ? mais coerente para definir as escolas que fizeram parte da pesquisa do que o termo escolas inovadoras. Os resultados encontrados apontam que as escolas participantes na pesquisa de campo tomam como ponto central em sua maneira de ser escola um conjunto de valores embasados na filosofia neo-humanista, chamados de princ?pios de Yama e Niyama, os quais, por sua vez, t?m origem no Tantra, antiga filosofia da ?ndia. Outras escolas emergentes tamb?m tomam como ponto central valores que encontram afinidades com os princ?pios de Yama e Niyama e que, como estes, transcendem qualquer sectarismo social, racial ou religioso. Estes valores expressam-se, na pr?tica educativa, atrav?s de estrat?gias para a forma??o humana que foram desenvolvidas pelas escolas e aplicadas no dia a dia com as crian?as. No caso das escolas neo-humanistas, estas estrat?gias podem ser divididas em tr?s blocos, que s?o: a) os quatro pilares, a saber, Yoga, medita??o, alimenta??o vegetariana e os princ?pios de Yama e Niyama; b) atividades ligadas ? filosofia, hist?rias ligadas aos valores, m?sicas e cantos; e c) outras atividades pedag?gicas, que incluem uma ampla gama de elementos, como hist?rias, jogos cooperativos, brincadeiras, pintura, entre outros. Tanto os valores como as estrat?gias para a forma??o humana est?o alinhados com o papel social que estas escolas se prop?em assumir, o que inclui um conjunto de elementos que podem ser sintetizados da seguinte forma: de uma maneira ampla, as escolas assumem um compromisso com a vida e trabalham para que adotemos outras formas de ocupar o lugar da humanidade no K?smos, o que passa pela caminhada de amadurecimento consciencial da humanidade. Para al?m disso, a escola se coloca como local protegido, com espa?o para experimentar a pluralidade cultural e, ao mesmo tempo em que encontra afinidade com os valores das fam?lias que integram sua comunidade, tamb?m expande os horizontes familiares. Para finalizar, esta pesquisa efetua uma s?ntese a respeito das reflex?es realizadas a partir das entrevistas e visita??es nas escolas emergentes a qual aponta algumas quest?es relevantes que se mostraram como pontos em comum nestas distintas experi?ncias, que s?o: a educa??o percebida como caminho de aprender a viver no mundo; o sentido profundo de coopera??o nas rela??es, a rela??o com a natureza, reconhecendo-a como mestra e m?e nutridora, a escola como espa?o de autoconhecimento e a escola emergente como espa?o poss?vel de reinventar o mundo.
Davim, Rejane Marie Barbosa. "Avalia??o da efetividade de estrat?gias n?o farmacol?gicas para o al?vio da dor de parturientes na fase ativa do per?odo de dilata??o no trabalho de parto." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2007. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/13108.
Full textThis study was aim to evaluate the effectiveness of strategies non pharmacological for the relief of the intensity of the parturient pain in the phase activates of the dilation period in the labor. Is a clinic rehearse of the type therapeutic intervention before and after" with a quantitative approach, accomplished in the Humanized Unit of Childbirth of the Maternity Janu?rio Cicco School of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, in Natal/RN, whit 130 parturient, being 30 in the pre-test of the strategies and 100 in the application of the strategies non pharmacological combined (breathing exercises, muscular relaxation and lombossacral massage) and isolated (shower bath in a normal temperature). We used the visual analogical scale to evaluate the intensity of the pain of the study parturient before and after" to the application of the strategies in the phases of acceleration, maximum inclination and desaceleration in the phase activates of dilation period in the labor. The principal results showed that the majority of the study parturient was between 20 to 30 years old (60%); with incomplete fundamental teaching (85%); family income until 2 minimum wages (74%); 78% had a companion and these, 44% were the own husband. The oxytocin was administered in the parturient during the phase activates of the labor in 81% of the cases and only 15% these women didn?t reciev anything medication. We verified significant relief (ρ=0.000) of intensity of the pain of the study parturient after application of the strategies non pharmacological combined and isolated. We concluded that the strategies non pharmacological combined and isolated were effective in the relief of the pain of the study parturient in the phase activates de labor
Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a efetividade de estrat?gias n?o farmacol?gicas para o al?vio da intensidade da dor de parturientes na fase ativa do per?odo de dilata??o durante o trabalho de parto. Trata-se de um ensaio cl?nico quantitativo do tipo interven??o terap?utica antes e ap?s , realizado na Unidade de Parto Humanizado da Maternidade Escola Janu?rio Cicco da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte em Natal/RN, com uma amostra de 130 parturientes, sendo 30 no pr?-teste e 100 na aplica??o de estrat?gias n?o farmacol?gicas combinadas (exerc?cios respirat?rios, relaxamento muscular e massagem lombossacral) e isolada (banho de chuveiro com temperatura ambiente). Para avaliar a intensidade da dor das parturientes do estudo antes e ap?s ? aplica??o das estrat?gias n?o farmacol?gicas nas fases de acelera??o, inclina??o m?xima e desacelera??o da fase ativa do trabalho de parto, utilizou-se para a coleta de dados a escala anal?gica visual. Os principais resultados apontam que a maioria das parturientes do estudo estavam na faixa et?ria entre 20 a 30 anos (60%), com o ensino fundamental incompleto (85%), renda familiar de at? 2 sal?rios m?nimos (74%), 78% tinham um acompanhantes e destes 44% era o pr?prio companheiro. A ocitocina foi administrada nas parturientes durante a fase ativa do trabalho de parto em 81% dos casos e apenas 15% dessas mulheres n?o receberam qualquer medica??o. Verificou-se al?vio significativo (ρ=0,000) da intensidade da dor das parturientes do estudo ap?s a aplica??o das estrat?gias n?o farmacol?gicas combinadas e isolada. Conclui-se que as estrat?gias n?o farmacol?gicas combinadas e isolada foram efetivas no al?vio da dor das parturientes do estudo na fase ativa do trabalho de parto
Santos, Ana Dulce Batista dos. "A inser??o da equipe da Estrat?gia Sa?de da Fam?lia em um Centro Municipal de Educa??o Infantil na promo??o da sa?de da crian?a." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2011. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/14748.
Full textCoordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
The joint enters the teams of the Strategy Health of Family (ESF) and the Municipal Center of Infantile education (CMEI) blunts as a form to assure the monitoring and promotion to the health of the children of 2 the 5 years when entering the day-care center environment/daily pay-school. It was traced as objective: To analyze the actions developed for the team of the Strategy Health of the Family in the promotion the health of the child, taken care of in a CMEI. Description-exploratory is to a study, qualitative nature, the type research-action. Developed in a CMEI and the USF of the quarter of New City, Natal-RN. The population was constituted by the professionals of the team of the ESF and the CMEI and parents. During the stages of the research-action diverse techniques had been used as the individually interview and in group, focal group, comment participant, and daily of field. The analysis of the data occurred by means of the content analysis, in the thematic modality, proposal for Bardin (1977) and description of the stages of the research-action. In the stage of situational diagnosis that it investigates the reality lived deeply for the citizens of ESF and CMEI how much to the health of the child seven categories had emerged that they enclosed: the context of the attention child in the CMEI identifying the actions that already came being developed for the ESF in the CMEI; the functioning of the CMEI and its routine of activities; the paper of the CMEI in the care the child; the daily one of the ESF, how much to the care to the health of the child of 2 the 5 years involving the diverse difficulties faced for the ESF; difficulties faced in daily of the CMEI for the care the child of 2 the 5 years; paper of joint ESF and CMEI for the confrontation of the difficulties; e action of health to be developed that they had subsidized the stage of planning of the research-action. During the stages of planning and implementation of the actions the actions of education in health with professionals of the CMEI and parents had been materialize and the actions of direct attention the health of the child. In the stage of evaluation of the actions for the involved citizens one searched to ahead understand the perception of the actions developed and perspective of continuity of the actions, through 4 boarded subjects for the citizens. For all the passage of the research-action it can be inferred that joint ESF and CMEI is a necessary initiative ahead of the current situation of the services of health for the promotion of an integral attention the health of the child, but that the teams of the ESF not yet make use of material conditions and staff enough to develop actions that exceed the limits of the USF, being necessary for this the reinforcement of the joints mainly with the Federal University of the Rio Grande of the North.
A articula??o entre as equipes da Estrat?gia Sa?de da Fam?lia (ESF) e o Centro Municipal de Educa??o Infantil (CMEI) desponta como uma forma de assegurar a vigil?ncia e promo??o ? sa?de das crian?as de 2 a 5 anos ao ingressarem no ambiente de creche/pr?-escola. Tra?ou-se como objetivo: Analisar as a??es desenvolvidas pela equipe da estrat?gia sa?de da fam?lia na promo??o a sa?de da crian?a, atendida em um Centro Municipal de Educa??o Infantil. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo-explorat?rio, de natureza qualitativa, do tipo pesquisa-a??o. Desenvolvido em um CMEI e na USF do bairro de Cidade Nova, Natal-RN. A popula??o foi constitu?da pelos profissionais da equipe da ESF e do CMEI e pais. Durante as etapas da pesquisa-a??o utilizaram-se diversas t?cnicas como a entrevista individual e em grupo, grupo focal, observa??o participante, e di?rio de campo. A an?lise dos dados ocorreu por meio da an?lise de conte?do, na modalidade tem?tica, proposta por Bardin (1977) e descri??o das etapas da pesquisa-a??o. Na etapa de diagn?stico situacional que investiga a realidade vivenciada pelos sujeitos da ESF e CMEI quanto ? sa?de da crian?a emergiram sete categorias que abrangiam: o contexto da aten??o crian?a no CMEI identificando as a??es que j? vinham sendo desenvolvidas pela ESF no CMEI; o funcionamento do CMEI e sua rotina de atividades; o papel do CMEI no cuidado a crian?a; o cotidiano da ESF, quanto ao cuidado ? sa?de da crian?a de 2 a 5 anos envolvendo as diversas dificuldades enfrentadas pela ESF; dificuldades enfrentadas no cotidiano do CMEI para o cuidado a crian?a de 2 a 5 anos; papel da articula??o ESF e CMEI para o enfrentamento das dificuldades; e a??es de sa?de a serem desenvolvidas que subsidiaram a etapa de planejamento da pesquisa-a??o. Durante as etapas de planejamento e implementa??o das a??es foram concretizadas as a??es de educa??o em sa?de com profissionais do CMEI e pais e as a??es de aten??o direta a sa?de da crian?a. Na etapa de avalia??o das a??es pelos sujeitos envolvidos buscou-se compreender as percep??o diante das a??es desenvolvidas e perspectivas de continuidade das a??es, atrav?s de 4 temas abordados pelos sujeitos. Por todo o percurso da pesquisa-a??o pode-se inferir que a articula??o ESF e CMEI ? uma iniciativa necess?ria diante da atual situa??o dos servi?os de sa?de para a promo??o de uma aten??o integral a sa?de da crian?a, mas que as equipes da ESF ainda n?o disp?em de condi??es materiais e de pessoal suficientes para desenvolver a??es que ultrapassem os limites das USF, sendo necess?rio para isso o fortalecimento das articula??es principalmente com a Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte.
Pedroza, Robervam de Moura. "An?lise comparativa da tend?ncia na mortalidade infantil em ?reas cobertas e n?o cobertas pela estrat?gia sa?de da fam?lia no munic?pio de Garanhuns entre 2003 e 2012." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2014. http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/19566.
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A mortalidade infantil ? tida como um indicador sens?vel para descrever as condi??es de vida e de sa?de de uma popula??o, sendo, portanto, interpretada como a estimativa do risco de um nascido vivo morrer antes de completar o primeiro ano de vida. Esse indicador ? considerado elevado quando atinge patamares superiores a 50/1.000 nascidos vivos, m?dios quando se encontra entre 20 e 49/1.000 e mais baixos quando est? at? 20/1.000. No Brasil, a Mortalidade Infantil tem evidenciado varia??es ao longo dos anos, e nas duas ?ltimas d?cadas esse indicador tem sofrido um acentuado decr?scimo, provavelmente devido ? melhoria no acesso aos servi?os de sa?de, ao saneamento b?sico, redu??o da taxa de fecundidade, melhoria das condi??es de vida e implementa??o de tecnologias na aten??o ? sa?de. O objetivo principal do estudo foi avaliar a tend?ncia na mortalidade infantil no munic?pio de Garanhuns no per?odo de 2003 a 2012, segundo ?reas cobertas e n?o cobertas pela estrat?gia sa?de da fam?lia. Foi realizado um estudo de s?rie temporal, e para isso foram coletados os dados referentes aos nascidos vivos e ?bitos de menores de 01 (um) ano atrav?s do Sistema de Informa??es de Aten??o B?sica ? SIAB, nas ?reas cobertas e n?o cobertas pela estrat?gia, a fim de estabelecer rela??o de poss?vel causalidade entre a interven??o e o indicador. Os resultados foram apresentados em gr?ficos, com a curva da Mortalidade Infantil no munic?pio de Garanhuns entre os anos de 2003 e 2012 segmentado atrav?s das ?reas cobertas e n?o cobertas pela estrat?gia sa?de da fam?lia ao longo do mesmo per?odo. Ap?s a an?lise dos resultados, observou-se uma tend?ncia de queda no coeficiente de mortalidade infantil tanto nas ?reas cobertas pela estrat?gia sa?de da fam?lia quanto nas ?reas cobertas pelo PACS, e que n?o foi poss?vel estabelecer isoladamente uma maior redu??o da mortalidade infantil em ?reas cobertas pela estrat?gia. No entanto, os resultados das a??es desenvolvidas pela estrat?gia sa?de da fam?lia s?o consistentes e plaus?veis de causar impacto no decl?nio da mortalidade infantil, sobretudo as a??es voltadas para a sa?de da mulher e da crian?a
Cruz, Alaniz Yuria. "Exploring individual differences relations between executive function and parenting styles." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/323099.
Full textIn recent years an increasing research have focused on understand how social environment and child executive function interact with each other. Parenting its classified as the most proximal social agent of children, for that reason most of the research have focused on quality parenting on child EF development. However, there still more to understand about it. The follow research evaluates and explores parenting styles and executive functions on two different samples. The first study evaluated mediated effects of both parents EF and child EF via parenting styles (i.e. emotional warmth and rejection). The second, analyzed in a cross-sectional study the associations between both emotional warmth and rejection and child EF. Finally, the third study tested a cross-lagged model to explore bidirectional relations between maternal sensitivity and child EF. The analysis was made with structural equation modeling (SEM). For the first study we used mediated analysis, for the second a direct effect between both variables, and for the third, we tested a cross-lagged model. The results showed a consistent effect and relation between negative and positive parenting styles on child EF. The first study showed a partial mediated effect of rejection between mother EF and child EF. The second study presented a stronger association between rejection and child EF, than emotional warmth and child EF. And the third study demonstrated a diminished bidirectional effect between maternal sensitivity and child EF. The results are discussed on terms of the role of EF on the wellbeing of families, and the trans-generational transmission of EF (i.e. genetic or social training) between parents and children. To conclude, this work states the novelty of the research area, and the importance of treatment to enhance better performance on EF.
Pedersen, Simone Alves. "A forma??o continuada de professores e a literatura: estrat?gias de leitura e sele??o de obras." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, 2017. http://tede.bibliotecadigital.puc-campinas.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/989.
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The children's literature has been the object of much research in the reader?s development and has generated interest in several areas. In this study, it was assumed that the procedures used by teachers and the selection of literature books are essential elements for the development of the reader. Based on that, this master degree research, entitled "The Continued Formation of Teachers and Literature: strategies of reading and selection of literature book", had as a research problem the following question: the exploration of strategies of reading and selection of literature books, in a teaching training, can assist the participating teachers in their work with reading? The general objective was to verify if there were changes in the teachers' practice of exploration of reading modes, strategies of reading and selection of literature books. The specific objectives were to implement a reading course for teachers, to introduce self-regulation of reading, to discuss the selection of literary works for use in the classroom and to analyze the extent to which the participants applied the knowledge built in the course. The methodology adopted in this qualitative research with principles of action-strategic research, was constituted initially of national and international bibliographical survey. A reading course for teachers was offered to 12 teachers and 4 coordinators of the municipal network of a municipality in the state of S?o Paulo. During the 4 meetings, in a total of 9 hours, independent reading, double reading, close reading and other reading strategies were presented, based on the self-regulation and the studies of Social Cognitive Theory. The instruments used were: field diary, questionnaire, narrative and semi-structured interview. The participants of the research applied the content of the formative course, in the classroom. There was an exchange of experiences about reading and use of literary books in the classroom, which made it possible to think and rethink practices, to hear about the experience of other teachers and to narrate successes and challenges that are part of reading teaching. The data were analyzed by the content analysis and the implications of these analyzes showed that there were changes in the reading practices used by the participants in the classroom, there was an increase in reading comprehension with teaching practices that prioritized the student's role and there were also changes in the participants' conception of children?s literature and their selection. International research shows that self-regulation of reading, using reading strategies under the light of Social Cognitive Theory, is a promising path for the promotion of competent and critical readers. However, studies on self-regulation of reading practically do not exist in our country.
A literatura infantil tem sido objeto de muitas pesquisas na forma??o do leitor e tem gerado interesse em diversas ?reas. Nesse estudo, partiu-se do pressuposto de que os procedimentos utilizados pelos docentes e a sele??o de obras s?o elementos essenciais para a forma??o do leitor. Diante desse contexto, essa pesquisa de mestrado denominada A Forma??o Continuada de Professores e a Literatura: estrat?gias de leitura e sele??o de obra prop?s por problema de pesquisa a seguinte quest?o: a explora??o de estrat?gias de leitura e sele??o de obras, em um curso de forma??o continuada, pode auxiliar os professores participantes em seu trabalho com leitura? O objetivo geral foi verificar se houve mudan?as na pr?tica dos professores sobre a explora??o de modos de leitura, estrat?gias de leitura e sele??o de obras no trabalho com leitura. Os objetivos espec?ficos foram implementar um modelo de forma??o continuada em leitura, apresentar a autorregula??o da leitura, discutir a sele??o das obras liter?rias para uso em sala de aula e analisar em que medida as participantes aplicaram o conhecimento constru?do na forma??o. A metodologia adotada nessa pesquisa qualitativa com princ?pios da pesquisa a??o-estrat?gica constituiu-se, inicialmente, de levantamento bibliogr?fico nacional e internacional. Ministrou-se um curso de forma??o continuada para 12 professoras e 4 coordenadoras da rede municipal de um munic?pio do estado de S?o Paulo. Durante os 4 encontros, no total de 9 horas, apresentaram-se a leitura independente, leitura em dupla, close reading e outras estrat?gias de leitura, a partir dos pressupostos te?ricos da autorregula??o, pautados nos estudos da Teoria Social Cognitiva. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: di?rio de campo, question?rio, narrativa e entrevista semiestruturada. As participantes da pesquisa aplicaram o conte?do dos encontros formativos, em sala de aula. Houve troca de experi?ncias sobre leitura e uso de obras liter?rias durante os encontros, que possibilitaram o pensar e repensar pr?ticas, ouvir sobre a experi?ncia de outros professores e narrar sucessos e desafios que fazem parte da doc?ncia e da leitura. Os dados foram analisados a partir da an?lise de conte?do, e as infer?ncias decorrentes dessas an?lises mostraram que houve mudan?as quanto ?s pr?ticas de leitura usadas pelas participantes em sala de aula, houve aumento da compreens?o leitora com pr?ticas docentes que priorizam o protagonismo do aluno e houve, tamb?m, mudan?as na concep??o das participantes sobre as obras liter?rias e sua sele??o. Pesquisas internacionais demonstram que a autorregula??o da leitura, por meio do uso de estrat?gias de leitura sob a luz da teoria sociocognitiva, ? um caminho promissor para a promo??o de leitores competentes e cr?ticos. Todavia, estudos sobre a autorregula??o da leitura praticamente inexistem em nosso pa?s.
Botelho, Mariana Leotte Teixeira. "As marcas e os tweens : a influência do YouTube nas crianças e como estas influenciam o consumo da família." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/34310.
Full textWe all know that we live in an age where the internet and digital technologies are present in our daily lives and where it is increasingly common for children to be used to using certain digital channels from a very young age. Even if adults do not encourage this use, children are very attracted to digital technologies, are very curious and seek to learn. Brands and marketers seek to get closer to consumers through the tools that are most effective. YouTube is one of the most used channels, and children own a large majority of its content views. With the evolution of the digital world, children are born already in a digital context, being familiar with the most diverse and advanced technologies. Already very young, children seek information and like to be aware of trends. It is in this context that this research is included, which, starting from three questions, seeks to study the child consumer, evaluating how brands relate to tweens (8 to 12 years) through YouTube and youtubers, and how these children become, or not, influential of family consumption. It is through a quantitative methodology operationalized through the application of two questionnaire surveys (one directed to families and the other to the market) that it seeks to meet the objectives defined for this dissertation. The questionnaire on the perspective of families obtained 38 responses from tweens and 309 from adults. The questionnaire about the market perspective was answered by 42 marketers. The present study allowed us to conclude that youtubers clearly influence, both from the perspective of parents and marketing professionals, the behaviors of tweens and that these, in turn, also have an impact on the behaviors of parents, influencing the consumption of the household. Thus, the advantages for brands in working with youtubers are related to increased visibility and the real impact on the consumption behaviors of tweens and other household members.