Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Estuaires'
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Lemaire, Emmanuelle. "Biomarqueurs pigmentaires dans les estuaires macrotidaux européens." Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12539.
Full textYounes, Wallid A. M. "Observation par une acquisition à haute définition spatiale de la variabilité temporelle à différentes échelles d'un hydrosystème estuarien : le Rhône et de son influence sur les eaux côtières." Aix-Marseille 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX22098.
Full textBoutmin, Gérard. "Dragage et exploitation des sables marins : qualité des matériaux et conséquences sur le milieu." Nantes, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NANT2007.
Full textBeaulaton, Laurent Élie Pierre Castelnaud Gérard. "Systèmes de suivi des pêches fluvio-estuariennes pour la gestion des espèces : construction des indicateurs halieutiques et évaluation des impacts en Gironde." Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2009. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000768.
Full textSauvaget, Patrick. "Modélisation numérique des écoulements stratifiés en estuaires et réservoirs." Grenoble INPG, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPG0020.
Full textSauvaget, Patrick. "Modélisation numérique des écoulements stratifiés en estuaires et réservoirs." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37609719w.
Full textSioud, Khaled. "Transfert de métaux entre eau et suspensions dans les estuaires." Phd thesis, Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1994. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00574027.
Full textDeloffre, Julien. "La sédimentation fine sur les vasières intertidales en estuaires macrotidaux." Rouen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ROUES057.
Full textIntertidal mudflats constitute temporary or permanent storage areas of cohesive sediments. Understanding hydrodynamic and sedimentary behaviour of intertidal mudflats in macrotidal context requires to consider various timescales ranging from semi-diurnal to annual cycles. The aim of this study is to better apprehend and quantify sediment transport processes on intertidal mudflats in estuarine systems. This work is based on high frequency, high resolution and long term measurements of bed level on the studied sites. Studying the evolution of intertidal mudflats at different timescales highlights the respective role of each controlling hydrodynamic forcing parameters, i. E. Tidal cycles, river flow, wind waves and/or boat-induced waves. High-frequency bed level monitoring permits to identify and understand lithological sequences recorded in the sedimentary cores. Comparison of erosion/sedimentation sequences and the knowledge of deposit ages bring/provide useful information for the interpretation of bio-geochemical processes
Romero, Rama Andréa. "Biogéochimie du sélénium dans différents milieux aquatiques (Lacs et estuaires)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Pau, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PAUU3049.
Full textSelenium (Se) exists in aquatic systems in multiple oxidation states (VI, IV, 0, -II) in a wide variety of species. Selenate and selenite are generally found in natural waters but may not account for total Se content indicating the co-existence of unidentified reduced Se compounds. Due to the role of Se as a micro-nutrient for living organisms, the characterization of Se compounds must be done to better constrain Se biotic and abiotic transformations and fate in aquatic systems. Selenium occurring in trace amounts in most aquatic environments, sensitive analytical methods are required to achieve this goal. In addition, the number of studies reporting on selenium speciation and cycling in non-polluted aquatic environments is still limited claiming for more field investigations. In this work, the optimization of chromatographic separation based on mixed-mode stationary phase combining reverse phase and anionic exchange allowed the simultaneous separation of six inorganic and organic compounds. The developed method together with a sensitive method for the determination of volatile Se compounds, were applied in parallel for the first time to provide new insights on the Se cycle in different aquatic systems as function of biogeochemical and seasonal variations. In a stratified eutrophic lake (Lake Kinneret, Israel), the existence of reduced and most probably organic Se containing compound actively produced by phytoplankton was revealed and suggested as a precursor for Se volatilization. Meanwhile under anaerobic conditions, the reduction of oxidized Se species to reduced forms could result in Se removal to sediments. In oligotrophic alpine lakes (Pyrenees lakes, France - Spain), selenate was the major compound in water and represented 63% of total Se. Downstream in the Adour estuary, the influence of agricultural land use on Se inputs was demonstrated with a clear relationship between Se and nitrates water concentrations, while selenium uptake and transformation to reduced and volatile compounds was promoted seaward during warmer productive periods
Le, Normant Catherine. "Modélisation numérique tridimensionnelle des processus de transport des sédiments cohésifs en environnement estuarien." Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT014H.
Full textRementeria, Ugalde Ane. "Understanding the impact of silver as an emerging contaminant in the Ibaizabal and Gironde estuaries." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0443/document.
Full textEstuaries have been subjected to a high human pressure which has led to the presence of pollutants in their waters and sediments including trace metals. The estuaries in the Bay of Biscay do not constitute an exception of this situation and the Ibaizabal and Gironde Estuaries are both very well known for having high metal concentrations in different compartments. In this context, environmental health monitoring programmes have relied on the use of mussels and oysters as sentinel organisms because chemical and biological analyses of their tissues allow assessing the general health status of their surrounding environment. The present work aims at acquiring a deeper understanding of the interactions between bioaccumulation and the toxic effects of copper (Cu) and silver (Ag) in oysters Crassostrea gigas, as well as the effects that environmental factors may have on them, For this, one field study and three laboratory experiments have been carried out. Among the most relevant results obtained it can be highlighted that: (I) both oysters and mussels are useful to properly indicate the health status of estuaries of the Bay of Biscay, yet higher accumulation of metals occurs in oysters than in mussels, (II) the intake pathway (watercolumn and/or food) induces different response intensities in oysters (III) the toxicity of Ag is enhanced in the presence of Cu in oysters and (IV) salinity has a low effect on the toxicity of both metals in oysters
Lobry, Jérémy. "Quel référentiel de fonctionnement pour les écosystèmes estuariens ? : le cas des cortèges de poissons fréquentant l'estuaire de la Gironde." Bordeaux 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR12890.
Full textDurou, Cyril. "Recherche d'indicateurs de l'état physiologique de l'annélide polychète endogée Nereis diversicolor en relation avec la qualité du milieu." Nantes, 2006. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=c05200bc-5624-4d41-b29c-caa04667698e.
Full textRisk assessment in estuarine ecosystems is mainly limited due to the lack of both biological indicators for the sediment and knowledge about invertebrate physiology (particularly of reproduction). In situ, conservation of invertebrate population strongly depends upon individual health status. A multi-parameter methodology was applied to Nereis diversicolor, a key species of the sediment, recommended in biomonitoring programs. Physiological indicators (size - weight relationships, reproduction status, energy reserves) are proposed to assess the biological quality status in estuarine ecosystems. Moreover, this work links for the first time levels of energy reserves (glycogen, lipids), sexual maturity stage and level of steroid hormones (progesterone, 17β-œstradiol and testosterone)
Mohammadian, Abdolvahid. "Investigation of an Arctic hypertidal estuary under summer and winter conditions : cryo-hydrodynamic and hydrokinetic implications." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67990.
Full textSanchez-Angulo, Martin Alonso. "Modélisation dans un estuaire à marée. Rôle du bouchon vaseux dans la tenue des sols sous marins." Nantes, 1992. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00364316.
Full textVacher, Lilian. "Étude par fluorescence des propriétés de la matière organique dissoute dans les systèmes estuariens : cas des estuaires de la Gironde et de la Seine." Bordeaux 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR12923.
Full textTriatmodjo, Bambang. "Etude numérique de la dynamique du transport en suspension dans les estuaires." Grenoble 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE10080.
Full textTriatmodjo, Bambang. "Etude numérique de la dynamique du transport en suspension dans les estuaires." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37610330b.
Full textMarion, Claire. "Processus de sédimentation fine en domaine estuarien macrotidal : approche trans-disciplinaire et multi-échelles : application à l'estuaire de l'Authie, Nord de la France." Littoral, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DUNK0188.
Full textThe mechanisms controlling fine sediments dynamics in estuaries are complex because of the multiplicity of active processes and their diverse interactions, most often not well understood. The study of fine sediment dynamics embodies a number of fundamental environmental issues. Due to their strong affinity with a large range of metallic and organic contaminants, fine-grained deposits are capable of concentrating pollutants from watersheds and from the sea, both of which are sources of increasing coastal zone hazards (from agriculture, maritime traffic. . . ). Accretion of estuarine deposits leads to mudflat formation, and then salt marsh establishment, thus forming habitats of supreme importance in the European community. The lasting biodiversity and resource value of these habitats are at risk from accelerated estuarine infilling. The objective of this thesis has been to highlight key points of the functioning of an estuary co-dominated by waves and tides, and to gain better insight into the interactions underlying fine-grained sedimentation processes. The approach is highly methodological, based on the application of a cross-disciplinaryassemblage of tools. The study shows that wave influence, though significant, is restricted to the esturary mouth. The esturary exhibits freshwater/salinity mixing and the presence of a turbidity maximum resulting from a combination of tidal asymmetries. This tidal pumping is capable of very widely redistributing the sediment within the estuary, notably via macrofloc dynamics. Interactions between tidal asymmetry and morphology are complex and, through generated residual transport, condition the evolution of the estuarine system. The tidal dynamics are particularly well recorded by the characteristics of deposited sediments and their clear rhythmic pattern. The monitoring has shown the constant availability of sediment in the water column and the key role of tidal channels as vectors of sediment circulation. The input of sediment over the intertidal zones is governed by elevation within the tidal frame. The different results have highlighted the importance of Spartina in sediment trapping mechanisms over salt marshes and their seasonal variability but also the medium-term impacts of high sedimentation rates on benthic biocoenoses. At longer timescales, investigation of the consequences of this accretion highlights the effect of compaction of the sedimentary profile. The stratigraphic input from this work takes into account conclusions from the Holocene history of the neighbouring Flemish coastal plain, and confirms the advanced stage of infilling of the Authie esturay. The research on the Authie estuary may be summarised by a model of an estuary with mixed wave-tide hydrodynamic dominance pertinent to temperate macrotidal estuaries located in sand-rich tidal seas with storm wave influence, which is precisely the case of English Channel estuaries. Climatic perturbations and natural variability initiated within the frame of global change result in increasing human pressures on estuaries, thus generating potential risks. Tacking these pressures and risks calls for a holistic approach to the study of estuarine ecosystems, not only at the regional scale of the English Channel, but also in the world context
Gasparini, Stéphane. "Fécondité, régime alimentaire et production des principaux copépodes planctoniques de quatre estuaires européens." Bordeaux 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR10623.
Full textBalouin, Yann. "Les embouchures mésotidales (tidal inlets) et leur relation avec les littoraux adjacents : Exemple de la Barra Nova, Sud Portugal." Bordeaux 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR12451.
Full textVoltz, Baptiste. "Dynamique de la matière organique au sein dans les estuaires picards : caractérisation des faciès biosédimentaires et quantification des processus de minéralisation benthique." Thesis, Littoral, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020DUNK0579.
Full textEstuaries ensure a high production and transfer a large amount of organic matter (OM) from continent to ocean. To understand OM exchanges at the continent-ocean interface along the eastern English Channel coast, it is primordial to establish a mass balance OM budget in the three main estuaries : the Canche, the Authie and the Somme estuaries. In this frame, the sedimentary OM distribution and origin were studied by coupling a sedimentological description of surficial sediments and an elemental and isotopic characterization of the sedimentary OM. Such approach was carried out from near from subtidal to supratidal stages, along transects transversal to the main river channel, resulting in a sampling of 36, 37 and 39 stations respectively from the Canche, the Authie and the Somme estuaries. Based on this mapping approach, a representative transect was selected in the Canche and the Authie estuaries in order to quantify the sedimentary OM benthic mineralization along the tidal gradient and finally to establish an OM mineralization budget at the estuarine scale. Based on the sedimentological and biological characterization of sediments, the estuarine landscape was described according to four biosedimentary facies : sand flats, mud flats, low and high marshes. This study evidenced that the distribution of OM at the estuary scale is mainly controlled by the distribution of these biosedimentary facies. Indeed, sand flats are subject to intense hydrodynamic conditions in which sedimentary OM deposition is limited. On the other hand, OM is preferentially deposited in fine-grained sediments such as mud flats and salt marshes. Both of these sedimentary environments are subjected to lower hydrodynamic conditions, especially salt marshes, where vegetation enhances deposition and limits the resuspension of sedimentary OM. Indeed, the high quantities of sedimentary OM measured in salt marshes mainly originate from C3 halophytes dominating high marsh areas. Nevertheless, our study also evidenced that the deposition of sedimentary OM along the tidal gradient depends on the contribution of particulate OM from fluvial and marine/estuarine phytoplankton communities. Moreover, this study has demonstrated that various evolutions of the geomorphological features, with a mature salt marsh present in the Cancheestuary, a seaward prograding salt marsh on the north shore of the Authie estuary, a salt marsh retreat on the north shore of the Somme estuary resulting from an advanced sand infilling. The OM benthic mineralization campaigns demonstrated that during immersion and emersion periods, mud flats and salt marshes are the main contributors to total OM mineralization along the tidal gradient in contrast to sand flats. The spatial variation mainly depended on the sedimentological characteristics of each of biosedimentary facies but also on biological factors such as benthic macrofauna, microphytobenthos and root system of halophytes. The OM mineralization budget at the estuarine scale showed a significant contribution of sand flats in the Authie estuary given their wide distribution. This thesis contributes to a better definition of the role of "Picard" estuaries in the OM cycling and allows a first step towards the quantification of a mass balance OM budget in the three main estuaries of the eastern English Channel coast
Ramond, Jean-Baptiste. "Etude des communautés microbiennes résistantes au mercure en milieu estuarien." Rouen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2008ROUES013.
Full textMetal-contaminated estuarine mudflats are environments where microorganisms play crucial roles in metals speciation, especially for mercury, and favourable places for the growth of metal-resistant bacteria. In order to evaluate the abundance of mercury resistant bacteria in such an environment, a molecular tool was developed, based on competitive-PCR, for the quantification of Gram negative bacteria merA genes, which encodes the key enzyme of the bacterial mercury resistance: the mercuric reductase. Sedimentary cores from mudflats of three European estuaries (Seine, Authie, Medway), presenting contrasted mercury contaminations, have been investigated. A multidisciplinary analysis of the results, integrating chemistry and hydrosedimentary data, revealed in the mudflat sediment a relationship between the abundance of merA genes and (i) erosion deposit/events, (ii) the anthropization of the watershed and (iii) the bioavaibility of mercury. A microcosm study suggests that the main determining factor in the occurrence of mercury-resistant bacteria seems to be the deposit of particle-attached allochtonous merA bacteria, and essentially faecal bacteria. Wastewater Treatment plants are sources of merA bacteria in the waters of the Seine estuary, where the mercury resistance level is higher in E. Coli (allochtonous faecal bacteria) than in Aeromonas (autochthonous bacteria) bacterial populations isolated from the Seine waters. Thus, the mercury resistance level of the E. Coli population isolated from the Seine River seems related to the ancient and important mercury exposure of the global watershed, extended to the human and animal compartments. A comparison with an E. Coli population isolated from the Oyapock River (Guyana), where human and animals are exposed to high levels of mercury, indicates that the E. Coli population mercury resistance level is significantly higher in the Seine estuary than in the Oyapock. As mer determinants are often linked with antibiotic resistance genes, these results suggest that the use of antibiotics could be favourable to the maintain of mercury resistance in the E. Coli populations of human and animals from the Seine watershed, which once discharged in the Seine river deposit onto mudflat surfaces
GUAN, DAOMING. "Comportements biogeochimiques des metaux traces dissous dans deux estuaires mediterraneeens et la mediterranee occidentale." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066216.
Full textBriand, Cédric. "Dynamique de population et de migration des civelles en estuaire de vilaine." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2009NSARH076.
Full textThis thesis analyzes ten years of data concerning the migration and the exploitation of glass eel in the Vilaine river estuary. The development of methods shows that the environmental conditions have little influence on daily total catches in this estuary, except for water temperatures <6°C that stop eel activities, and a m ondulator effect of tides. Specific methods of marking-recaptures allow to obtain estimations of the estuarine stock after the end of the fishing season. The different ways how the glass-eels react depend on where they come from (eel pass facilities or estuary). This results leads to propose a model in which two behavioural fractions are distinguished within the estuary : glass eel usigin ongly selective tidal stream transport and active migrants (displaying a stronger rheotactic behaviour). The active fraction only happens after a dealy allowing for the transition of behaviour. One demonstrated the temperature and salinity effects on the dynamics of pigmentation of elvers, these factors are integrated into a model allowing to predict the evolution of pigmentation from the stage VB to he stage VIA3
Msokar, Sawsan Wartel Michel. "Étude de la matière organique dans deux écosystèmes estuariens : Les estuaires de la Seine et de l'Authie." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://www.univ-lille1.fr/bustl-grisemine/pdf/extheses/50376-2003-61-62.pdf.
Full textDIOP, EL HADJI SAL. "Estuaires holocenes tropicaux. Etude de geographie physique comparee des "rivieres du sud" (afrique de l'ouest)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR10007.
Full textIn the context of this comparative study focused on the muddy downstream rivers, our methodology privileges the cartography with the saloum mangroves as an area of reference. The main point of our approach is based on : - the gathering of the climatic and hydrological datas of the concerned area. - the settlement of fixed stations to follow hydrodynamical and hydrological parameters. - the execution of bore-holes as deeper as possible in similar geomorphological units (sequences of mud flats "tannes", beach ridges sandy spits and shoals. . . ) in order to make their sedimentological comparison and draw up their evolution during recent quaternary. - the achievement, according to our material means of bathymetric profiles and concomittant sampling in the principal rivers (case of saloum, bandiala and casamance - pl. H. T. No 1). - the settlement of representative cross sections in order to characterize the main vegetal formation and the studied areas ecology. - and finally, the cartography of the whole region realised thanks to the inter- pretation of aerial photography taken on different dates and false color composite enhanced landsat imagery. In spite of the limits of this study due essentially to the great extent of the area (on 700 to 800 kilometers long), some sufficiently precise solutions, based on followed datas, quantified and sometimes cartographied, have been proposed to questions raised in the introduction (case of the inverse saloum estuary, or the fining, from north to south, of the mud flats and "tannes" material. But, orther interpretations remain temporary and should lay stress on more continous observations and measurements for definitive conclusions
Raimonet, Mélanie. "Cycle benthique du silicium dans les estuaires : observations et modélisation à différentes échelles spatio-temporelles." Brest, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BRES2063.
Full textEstuaries are complex and heterogeneous areas, subject to many anthropogenic activities, which can have strong filtering capacities during transport and processing of terrestrial matter to coastal zones. The cycling of silicon (Si), which is essential for the growth of diatoms constituting the basis of healthy food webs, is coarsely defined at these interfaces (Dürr et al. , 2011). This thesis aims to study the benthic Si cycle in the two main estuaries of the Bay of Brest. To address the interactions of scales and to integrate them in flux estimates spatial heterogeneity and tidal variations of benthic Si cycle were quantified and compared with seasonal variations along estuaries. In order to study the interactions between the different cycles of matter (N, P, C, Si) controlling the functioning of coastal ecosystems, the interactions between Si and P have been explored and appear to favor the retention of P. Finally, the benthic cycle of Si was studied using a diagenetic model to estimate deposition fluxes, that are difficult to estimate directly in estuaries, and to evaluate the retention and recycling of Si at a seasonal scale. This first contribution to the study of the Si cycle in the estuaries of the Bay of Brest offers many opportunities in terms of experimental studies and modelling, whether from the perspective of an integrative model of the land-sea interface in the Bay of Brest, or from the implementation of a generic model of the Si cycle in continental margins
Abril, Gwenaël. "Dynamique du carbone dans les estuaires européens : processus de minéralisation et transfert continent-ocean-atmosphère." Bordeaux 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR10577.
Full textThe transfer of carbon between the continent, the ocean and the atmosphere is investigated in ten European estuaries. A major fraction of the organic carbon (COrga) transported by rivers is mineralised in estuaries. This mineralisation affects in majority the particulate fraction and depends on the origin (fresh water phytoplankton, anthropogenic loads and soils) and the lability of this COrga and the residence time of particles. Mineralisation processes are investigated in two macrotidal estuaries. Ln the Gironde (France) because of fluid mud settling and resuspension cycles at tidal and neap-spring time scales, particulate material experiences oxic/anoxic oscillations. Particulate organic matter is mineralised alternatively by aerobic respiration, denitrification and metal-oxides reduction. Ln the fluid mud, a carbonate dissolution significantly reduces the quantity of CO₂ produced by the respiration and denitrification produces nitrous oxide. Ln the hypoxic and highly polluted area of the Scheldt (Belgium, the Netherlands), ammonification, nitrification and denitrification processes modify the equilibrium between the chemical species of dissolved inorganic carbon by producing and consuming protons. The CO₂ fluxes from the water to the atmosphere measured in the ten studied sites allow an estimation of the total European estuarine emission of 30-60. 10⁶ tC. Year⁻¹, corresponding to 5-10% of the anthropogenic emissions from the continent. Because of a physical ventilation of CO₂ carried by rivers, the estuarine·emission exceeds the mineralisation of COrga. From one estuary to the other, the origin of the total CO₂ atmospheric flux (heterotrophic activity, nitrification, carbonate dissolution and physical ventilation) appear to be very different, according to the characteristics of the hydrological basin and the residence time
Marot, Franck. "Caractérisation et traitement de sédiments de dragage contenant des polluants métalliques." Le Havre, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LEHA0009.
Full textAllard, Jonathan. "Enregistrements des changements environnementaux dans les sédiments littoraux : cas des pertuis charentais et du bassin d'Arcachon." La Rochelle, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LAROS257.
Full textThe purpose of this PhD thesis was to evaluate the potential of coastal sediment in recording environmental changes. With this aim in view, three coastal environments have been chosen along the French Atlantic coast: the Arçay sandspit for past wave climate record; the Marennes-Oléron Bay and Arcachon Lagoon to decipher among the multiple forcing parameters controlling estuaries sediment-fill. The Arçay Spit is a compound spit displaying an elongation mean rate of 26 m. Yr-1. Morphological and wave modeling approaches since 1979, show that energetic swells seem to cause massive sand accumulation and spit elongation, whereas less energetic swells appear to be responsible for small sand accumulation and spit curvature. Such mechanism seems to be responsible of the successive hook ridges accretion observed along the Arçay Spit since the second half of the 20th century. The Marennes-Oléron Bay and Arcachon Lagoon have been successively analyzed and compared following a combination of VHR seismic, sediment cores and historical and present-day bathymetries. The sediment-fill of the Marennes-Oléron Bay is rapid since the 19° century and complex since 8000 yrs BP, due to multiple forcing parameters. The sediment-fill of the Arachon Lagoon displays a balanced budget since the 19th century and seems to be mainly controlled by the partial closure of this lagoon since 2500 yrs BP. Numerous differences observed in those two estuarine environments give insight on relative influence of local forcing parameters including bedrock morphology, tide, waves, sediment supply and human impact
Moreno, François. "Organisation et fonctionnement hydrobiologique d'écosystèmes estuariens tropicaux : variabilité spatio-temporelle." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20197.
Full textElla, Ondo Thierry. "Les estuaires du Cameroun et du Gabon : étude de géographie portuaire dans la logique du développement durable." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT3008.
Full textThe estuaries of Komo and Wouri provide nautical conditions which are favorable for port and sea activities. Those estuaries are areas which are environmentally sensive because of the wealth of their fauna and flora, their human activities and the occupation of their shores. The conception of port structures and their positioning on shore offshore are guided by physical and socio-economic studies. At Owendo, open structures are built or piles to avert silting up and to take advantage of depths near the shores. At Douala, structures are fixed toward the bottom of the open sea of Wouri. Their specialized structures overcome the constraints related to raw materials processing. These ports are routing national goods and those of landlocked countries and are organizing port procedures. But the problems of international sea transport network restrict goods dispatching. Authorities begin to globally define them. They are mobilising all the actors for the purpose of port promotion and are adopting global plans reforming the sector and reinforcing road transports and port structures. Those planned project will guarantee port activities and meet the needs of national and regional economies. They have several positive impacts on port activities and these of hinterlands, but few negative impacts on the environment. Sector-based management of environment problems is inefficient, only integrated coastal zone management can resolve them on a long-term basis and permit a sustainable port development
Waeles, Benoît. "Modélisation morphodynamique de l'embouchure de la Seine." Caen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CAEN2058.
Full textOlivier, Caroline. "Modélisation numérique des phénomènes de transport de matières en estuaire fluvial : application à l'estuaire de la Seine." Le Havre, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2002LEHA0006.
Full textThe goal of this work is to modelize in three dimensions the suspended matter transport in a river with tidal effect. This studie includes three parts. The first one is about hydrodynamic modelization in rivers, the second concern suspended matter transport modelization, the third part is devoted to coupling together the two last models and to apply them to the Seine estuary. In our hydrodynamic model we take into account the tidal wave which is propagated in the opposite direction from the river flow. We have chosen to do a tridimensionnal modelization to represent as well as possible the recirculation phenomena generate by bends and slopes. The treatment of the transport equation was done by a lagrangian method. This method was used to better visualize small displacements of matter in flow and to follow them in time and space. The coupling of models is applied to test areas and then to the Seine estuary
Mchergui, Chokri. "Restauration écologique dans un système estuarien fortement anthropisé : applications au compartiment sol des écotones rivulaires et aux marais alluvionnaires de la Basse Vallée de Seine." Rouen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ROUES045.
Full textThe first part of the thesis is devoted to diagnose the current state (morphology and functioning) of soils in riparian ecosystems and follow their potential capacity to remove nitrogen during experiments microcosms. The main results of morphology and functional measurements (in situ and ex situ) show that soils in riparian ecosystems cannot be grouped according to their degree of connectivity. Functional measurements showed that low connected sites remains favorable to the sink of carbon and nitrogen removal. Then, I assessed the effect of flood duration due to the daily water fluctuation versus river floods on N removal in riparian soils, a microbially-mediated soil process, through two experiments studies. The first of two studies showed that the daily water fluctuation has a significant effect on the improvement of purifying capacity of soils. The second study showed that disconnected soils have found their normal functions after a change of water regime. Also, it suggests that between 3- and 7-day long waterlogging is needed in the disconnected soils for it to exhibit a significant denitrification level. The second part of the thesis focused in the evaluation of success of the restoration experience following the filling of gravel-pit using dredged sediments. Overall, the results obtained in this part show that (1) the diachronic monitoring of soil characteristics is not efficient to assess if typical wetland soil characteristics are reached in reconstituted soils in a short duration of follow and (2) the functional approach (in situ and ex situ) relative to soil respiration, mineralization of C and N and denitrification appear to be a good tool for evaluating
Bragigand, Virginie. "Recherches écotoxicologiques sur les retardateurs de flamme bromés dans les écosystèmes estuariens (estuaires de Loire et de Seine." Nantes, 2005. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=64522a75-fdcf-42fa-9d99-92ab2a5f7a3a.
Full textTriazines and brominated flame retardants (PolyBromoBiphenyls (PBBs) and PolyBromoDiphenylEthers (PBDEs) were examined in various compartments (sediments and biota) from the Loire and Seine estuaries. In these environments, PBDEs have been detected in all the compartments whereas PBBs were never detected and triazines were detectable on few occasions only. The PBDE levels in these environments were moderate but the biomagnification of a PBDE (BDE-47) was demonstrated in both estuaries. Furthermore, the presence of organic contaminants in these environments could exert a selective pressure on flounder populations and resistant genotypes could express a strongest bioaccumulation of these contaminants. Finally, the consumption of seafoods containing PBDEs at the concentrations here-determined may not engender an important risk for the consumer health
Gascuel, Didier. "Contribution a l'etude ecologique des estuaires du littoral atlantique francais : la faune accompagnatrice de la civelle." Rennes 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985REN10003.
Full textGuezo, Gilles. "Les ponts métalliques routiers sur les estuaires bretons, 1830 – 1930 : Contre vents et marées: légèretéet rigidité." Rennes 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN20016.
Full textBy a circular, in 1832, Government ask the administration to «search means to replace ferries by bridges». Most of the cities in Brittany are located near to the sea. The very indented coastline complicates surface communications between coastal localities. Opportunely, new suspension bridges are able to cross Breton short coastal rivers estuaries without intermediate supports; several ferries can be replaced by a fixed connexion as far back as the 1830s. When it’s blowing a gale, the wind is the enemy of those light civil engineering works. Engineers and constructors endeavour to solve the apparent contradiction between a necessary economy of materials and rigidity of bridges against wind and road transport development. The history of these metallic civil engineering works, mostly suspended, sometimes in an arch or a beam, and even with more innovative structural design, follows engineers story and engineers training story. Ingénieurs des Ponts et Chaussées, civil engineers, and constructors, work within a complex relationship, where the common aim, the bridge good achievement, have to fit to financial interests of some and surveying obligations of others. Iron and steel metallurgy progress, new materials appearance, motorcar invention, mechanization, and more widely, road transport development in relation with growth and diversification of economic exchanges, are a part of the context of this thesis; administrative or political hesitations and rivalries, are the other side of the backdrop. In 1930, the reinforced concrete bridge, built by Freyssinet over Elorn river, marks the end of steel supremacy on large span bridges over Breton estuaries
Stoichev, Teodor Ludmilov. "Spéciation et devenir du mercure inorganique et du méthylmercure dans les environnements côtiers : le cas de l'estuaire de l'Adour." Pau, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PAUU3021.
Full textOn line derivation, cryogenic trapping, gas chromatography and detection by atomic fluorescence spectrometry is sufficiently sensitive to be applied for simultaneous determination of inorganic mercury and methylmercury in natural samples. Additional improvements of the analytical performances was achieved by using a drying agent connected before the chromatographic column. The biogeochemical cycle of mercury is studied for coastal environments, particulary for a macrotidal dynamic estuary influenced by industrial and urban activities in it's downstream part (Adour, France). The sampling strategy for surface waters and sediments allows to identifiy direst mercury sources, transfer to the coastal areas and the mercury species biogeochemistry and the sediment/water interface. The mercury cycle is also studied for a microtidal lagoon (Varna, Bulgaria). The results show the importance of the specific charasteristics of each ecosystem for the fate of the mercury species
Fossi, Tankoua Olivia. "Perturbations du comportement et de la reproduction : des outils pour l'évaluation précoce de la dégradation de la qualité de l'environnement estuarien et côtier." Nantes, 2011. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=0207564e-2010-4a0c-9b78-134d60c3a908.
Full textDuring the last decade, ecotoxicological research has permitted to propose relevant biomarkers to forecast effects at supra-individual levels, well before environmental degradation has reached a hardly manageable degree. These biomarkers with added ecological value are based on processes which can affect the reproductive success and have most probably consequences at the population level. In this context, the main objective of this thesis was to establish the link between the biomarkers measured at different levels of biological organization (sub-individual level at the population level) in two sentinel species: Hediste diversicolor and Scrobicularia plana originating from estuarine and coastal environments. Biological responses in terms of behaviour, bioenergetics and reproduction have been studied in estuaries corresponding to a pollution gradient. Behavioural studies were done to determining avoidance ability of endobenthic invertebrates towards predators and contaminants as well as feeding behaviour controlling energy input. The study of bioenergetics have investigate food uptake (behaviour); food assimilation (determination of enzyme activities (amylase and cellulase) relevant with regards to food habits), energy reserves (as glycogen, proteins and lipids) and size-weight relationships in polychaetes, condition and gonadosomatic indices of bivalves. Impairments in reproduction were evaluated by looking for intersex in S. Plana through histological studies and the search for the presence of endocrine disruptors in sediment of origin of the bivalves
Donard, Olivier. "Spéciation de l'étain en milieu estuarien simulé." Bordeaux 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR10618.
Full textBeghin, Vincent. "Étude de la matière organique et du réseau trophique en estuaire de Seine : utilisation des marqueurs biochimiques (acides gras et stérols)." Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-459.pdf.
Full textTraini, Camille René Antoine. "L' estuaire de la Vilaine : évolution naturelle et anthropisation." Lorient, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LORIS165.
Full textThe estuary of the naughty boy is located on the Atlantic facade in Southern Brittany. Since 1970, the dam of arzal protects floods the swamps of redon constitute an important reserve of fresh water and a main highway. The presence of this work perturbed in the time and the space the dynamics sedimentary hydro of the estuary; this is mainly translated by a mudding pronounced by the estuarienne portion in the approval of the dam. About twenty years approximately were needed so that this work is integrated into the estuarien landscape and so that the action of the parameters hydrodynamics natures resumes its rights. The anthropological impacts must be thus taken into account in the morpho sedimentary functioning to plan their evolution and test the curative and preventive solutions. The inheritance géomorphologique through the parameters hydrodynamics (wind swell and dynamics tidale) governed the sedimentary deposits and the valley flooded estuarienne approximately 10000 - 9000 years ago BP. La power of these deposits is important. Localement it reaches about forty meters. Five sequences of marine transgressifs deposits recognized in the bais of the naughty boy are also present within the valley of the estuary and perceived up to approximately 40 km inside lands. The morphological control as well as architecture deposits are significant of a sedimentary environment of type ria. The estuarien space of the naughty boy thus registered the sum of the natural and anthropological factors and will know new modifications in connection with the ascent of the marine level during these next years
Vrel, Anne. "Reconstitution de l’historique des apports en radionucléides et contaminants métalliques à l’estuaire fluvial de la Seine par l’analyse de leur enregistrement sédimentaire." Caen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CAEN2060.
Full textThe Seine estuary is the outlet of a highly anthropogenized catchment area. Marginal areas of the river have trapped fine-grained sediment particles which a number of contaminants are bound to; they give access to the sedimentary records of the past decades. Corings were carried out in three areas: the Seine River, the upper Seine estuary, and at the river mouth. After dating, these cores have led to reconstruct the history of the inputs particulate elements in each of these areas. The comparison of the time series of elemental concentrations between (i) suspended matter during the last decades and (ii) dated sediments along the cores shows that the latter are representative of the former. Particulate fluxes of 55 stable elements and 18 radionuclides were estimated, from 1960 to 2002. Comparison of data acquired in the Seine River and in the upper estuary led to distinguish and quantify the intra-estuarine sources of contaminants that are dominated by phosphogypsum discharges during the 1970s in the Rouen harbour area (upper estuary). The intensity of tidal pumping up to the upper estuary was quantified using transuranics activity ratios. Based on the atmospheric 137Cs activities over the last decades and core derived 137Cs activities, a transfer model from the watershed to the river, based on a solid wash-off transfer function by runoff and erosion, is then proposed
Dobroniak, Christine. "Géomorphologie, hydrodynamique et écologie d'un estuaire temperé macrotidal : l'Authie, Manche Orientale, France." Littoral, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DUNK0036.
Full textThe Authie is a macrotidal (mean estuary-mouth spring tide range = 8. 54 m) estuary that has been largely infilled by marine sand transported by fllord dominant tides and storm waves. The estuary, which forms the terminus of a short (98 km) coastal river in northern France, has a long history of human occupation and is located on a sand-rich coast characterized by nearshore banks and coastal dunes. The patterns of recent sedimentation and erosion within the estuary were deduced from analyses of historical documents, bathymetric charts, aerial photographs, and from field work involving several hydrodynamic surveys covering water levels, waves and currents, and topographic surveys of the north bank of the estuary. The results show rapid infill of the Authie as a result of both massive accretion of a south bank sand platform that has extended northwards across the estuary mouth, under the influence of wave – and tide – induced longshore sand transport, and estuarine retention of sand, through flood-dominant asymmetry, eroded from north bank dunes exposed to storm waves. This massive accretion has almost completely infilled the estuary mouth which lacks the linear tidal ridges and channels typical of unfilled macrotidal estuaries. It also increasingly conditions the distribution of the estuarine fauna and flora. Large-scale empoldering of the estuary may have exacerbated flood asymmetry. The localized erosion and generalized sedimentation at the mouth of th estuary pose a number of severe management problems, notably estuarine shoreline protection, and call into question the very survival of the estuary itself
Billon, Gabriel. "Géochimie des métaux et du soufre dans les sédiments des estuaires de la Seine et de l'Authie." Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2001/50376-2001-143-144.pdf.
Full textMsokar, Sawsan. "Étude de la matière organique dans deux écosystèmes estuariens : Les estuaires de la Seine et de l'Authie." Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2003/50376-2003-61-62.pdf.
Full textBillon, Gabriel Ouddane Baghdad. "Géochimie des métaux et du soufre dans les sédiments des estuaires de la Seine et de l'Authie." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://www.univ-lille1.fr/bustl-grisemine/pdf/extheses/50376-2001-143-144.pdf.
Full textN° d'ordre (Lille) : 2993. Résumé en français et en anglais. Textes en français et en anglais. Bibliogr. p. 157-172. Notes bibliogr.
Marguerit, Christophe. "Modélisation numérique hydrosédimentaire de la baie du Mont-Saint-Michel." Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN10021.
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