Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Et la démocratie'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Et la démocratie.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
lebreuilly, romain. "Psychologie politique et démocratie : Construction d'échelles de démocratisme." Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN1581.
Full textDemocracy in constant motion and change is nowadays in crisis. Integrating in the theoretical field of politic psychology, our study proposes in this context a new method to assess the rate of democratism : build scales which measure perceptions and practices of democracy. In order to that, we conducted semi-structured interviews to gather evidences to build the first scale. Then, this scale has been tested and approved on a wide sample of the French population. It measures a rate of commitment to the values of democracy. Two new scales have been built in a second time from an interdisciplinary study on the democracy. They measure the perceptions of ideal democracy (scale 2) and the perceptions of present and current democracy practice (scale 3). These three scales recompose the three componants of attitude: conative, cognitive and emotional by Rosenberg and Hovland (1960). This three-parts model allows us to make feedbacks between the scales and to experiment the so complex concept of democratism
Uzal, David. "Douceur et démocratie." Thesis, Paris Est, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PESC2008.
Full textThis study is aimed to define what would be the meaning of mildness [douceur] in the framework of the political thought in general, and specifically in the one of democracy as a method and practice, from its classical form to its contemporary configuration. Following an attempt to elaborate an exploitable definition in philosophical language of a term which has sparked off very little interest, if none, within philosophers, we will set the bases of a genealogy of softness (in the West) in order to identify the background and context associated to the upraising and development of democracy which seems to be linked in its genesis, application and essence to a substantial dose of softness. Further, we develop a theory of the democratic process all the way to its most recent manifestations, in connection with mildness, theory which pretends to be central for the understanding of the democratic dynamics and the excess that these dynamics seems to generate, of which we would be today the living witnesses. This thesis which is underlined by secondary thesis, aims to open the path to a reflexion around softness as a notion integrated to politic and to democracy in particular, considered as an irremediable process of accentuation of its principles, some modalities of softness, authentical or fake, accentuated and declined from a same source which we pretend to have identified, seem to indicate a level of maturity, even absolutisation, of a political method which becomes a totalizing way of life and an ideology, of which we will therefore distinguish a moderate and an absolutist modality
Ivanovitch, Sarah. "Décentralisation et démocratie locale." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1075.
Full textFrance is composed of two distinct systems - the first is the national system and the second is the local system, - which both are settled on a representative foundation. The elector citizen takes part only in elections. He/she does not get involved in the public decisions. The decentralization of power should have allowed the citizen to be closer to local decisions and affairs. But, local citizens give little interest to the local management even though the level of education is growing and the access to information is slightly increasing. In order to allow a real democratized decentralization, it is suitable to rebuild deeply the French Institutions. Effectively, it is necessary to ban any mandate plurality and to make the local system at a distance of the national system. Thus will allow a local corporate body to operate freely in a self administrative party respecting the conditions set by law. Here, a methodology to aim toward an uninterrupted democracy in a decentralized joint State will be suggested. A local citizen has to become a bona fide representative of the local system
Samimi, Mehrdad. "Démocratie et pays arabes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAD018.
Full textPolitical and legal modernization in the arab region has resulted in the emergence of modern states, constitutions and modern constitutional concepts of individual freedom, people's sovereignty and the separation of powers. Despite the dedication of democratic and liberal principles,arab constitutions have failed to strike a balance between powers. The incompatibility of traditional principles with modern democratic principles is the cause of the diminished effectiveness of fundamental rights and freedoms in these countries. Yet, there is still an attempt on the part of arab jurists to strengthen democratic constitutionalism in the arab countries. The consolidation of the constitutionality control of the laws by the creation of the constitutional justice allowed an affirmation of the autonomy and the independence of the control of constitutionality of the laws to protect democratic principles in the arab constitutions
Roussin, Juliette. "Fonder la légitimité démocratique : conceptions majoritaires, constitutionnelles et épistémiques de la démocratie." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H224.
Full textThis thesis aims at examining the foundations of legitimacy for democratic decisions and hence at elucidating the nature of democracy as a political regime. Two questions are at its core. First, what makes a democratic decision legitimate? Second, must a decision be democratic to claim legitimacy? This work presents different accounts of legitimate decisions within the democratic regime. In light of their respective limits, it defends a dual conception of legitimacy that aims at reconciling, under specific conditions, the components that are in tension with one another in competing conceptions. I show that procedural conceptions are unable to account for the idea that the injustice or inanity of popular decisions might undermine their legitimacy, and that they result in a logical deadlock. Focusing on experts and constitutional judges, I suggest that substantive accounts tend to impose extrnal standards on the democratic process that it cannot generate on its own. I then introduce the idea of democratic constitutionalism and argue that procedural and substantive requirements for legitimacy may be reconciled within it. Democratic constitutionalism allows one to view democracy as discovering its own norms over a long-tem process of approximation and development. As such, it can be linked to an epistemic approach to democracy, according to which, under some restrictive conditions, the participative, inclusive and egalitarian procedures that democracy distinctively relies on tend to result in collective choices that are substantively more just than in other regimes
Banégas, Richard. "La démocratie "à pas de caméléon" : transition et consolidation démocratique au Bénin." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998IEPP0007.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to analyse the process of democratic transition and consolidation in Benin, from 1989 to 1996. It aims at examining the socio-cultural changes connected with the transformations of public space and scrutinizing the complex evolution of the moral economy of power. Part i is dedicated to revisiting the apparently linear process of democratization. It shows how a pluralist public space emerged in the long term of post-colonial time (chapters 1 and 2) and the short term of political transition (chapter 3). Following a "path dependency" approach, it tries to explain the "success" of the "Beninese model" by emphasizing its own historicity and the contingency of political struggles. Part ii deepens the problem of democratic consolidation which is first tackled in its contingent dimension (chapter 4). Then, i put forward the hypothesis that this consolidation process has followed the post-colonial "passive revolution" path : namely, a process of reciprocal assimilation of elites (chapters 5 and 6). But i show also that this passive revolution "by democratic design" doesn't amount to a reproduction of the same "governmentality" (Foucault). Focusing on the evolution of "structures of meaning", part iii suggests that public space's transformations have produced some important moves in the moral economy of power : in particular the incorporation of democratic temporality, the learning of "electoral civility" and the importance given to political accountability by "ordinary citizens". Nevertheless, the analysis of the "reinvention of tradition" (chapter 7), the domestication of political modernity (chapter 8) and the politics of electoral clientelism, proves that this rebuilding of the "interior architecture of civic virtue" (lonsdale) follows very paradoxical paths
Le, Goff Alice. "Démocratie délibérative et démocratie de contestation : repenser l'engagement civique entre républicanisme et théorie critique." Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100038.
Full textThis PhD thesis starts with a reflection on the way in which theories of participatory democracy and deliberative democracy have proposed to rethink the categories of democratic legitimacy and citizenship, at odds with the elitist and neo-utilitarist theories and the interest group pluralism. We develop a critical reading of the "deliberative turn" of démocratic theory, on the basis of recognition theory and we question the status of the ideal of deliberative democracy and the practical scope of the"deliberative citizen". We show that theories of deliberative democracy develop a conception of civic engagement which is too narrow. We particularly focus on the main tensionss that characterize the theories of deliberation, as the tension between inclusion and validity and between deliberation and contestation. First, we show that a pragmatist approach of the deliberative processes can overrun the dilemma of inclusion and validity. Secondly, we highlight the contribution of Republican theory that can help us thinking the relationship between deliberation and contestation. The theory of freedom as non-domination leads to a definition of the deliberative ideal as contestatory ideal. We identify the strengths and limits of the first versions of the idea of contestatory democracy and we propose a rereading of this notion in terms of "critical républicanism" based on a dialogue between non-domination theory and recognition theory
Celotto, Emanuela. "Albert Camus : démocratie et totalitarisme." Thesis, Paris 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA030038.
Full textThis thesis proposes a reading of Camus’ creation from the democratic and antitotalitarian perspective in order to demonstrate the innovative aspect of his thought, which is more actual than ever. One hundred years after the birth of the writer, Nobel Prize for literature, his work opens up new lines of thought halfway between philosophy, science, politics and literature. After a general introduction to the concepts of totalitarianism and democracy, we will proceed to the more specifically study of the author. We sketch a portrait of Camus as a committed journalist in the battles of his time and we will discuss a comparative analysis between Camus and intellectuals and thinkers who influenced his democratic thought and inspired his thinking on totalitarianism. Then, we will focus the analysis on certain works : journalistic (Actuelles I, II, III ) and philosophical essays (The Rebel), fictional works, such as The Plague, and three plays Caligula, The Just Assassins and The State of siege. Based on this selection of works, we will examine the technique adopted by Camus to transfer into the fictional the democratic debate against the totalitarianism of his era. Finally, we will study from a lexicological point of view the terms of totalitarianism and democracy, and all their synonyms within the semantic field of anti-totalitarian debate
Bervoets, Sebastian. "Liberté de choix et démocratie." Aix-Marseille 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX24015.
Full textDessberg, Laurent. "Education, démocratie, révision et pragmatisme." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX10101.
Full textDuc, Cindy. "Accords commerciaux régionaux et démocratie." Paris 9, 2006. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2006PA090048.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to measure the influence of trade agreements on member countries’ institutions and on bilateral trade flows. At first, we discriminate trade agreements according to the inclusion of political constraints imposed to countries’ integration. Then, we analyse the impact of democratic trade agreements on democratization, the quality of democracy as well on the permanence of democracy inside member countries. We also study the specific influence of the European Union on several aspects of institutions. More precisely, we evaluate its impact on political rights, civil liberties, property rights, the quality of the judiciary system, corruption and the quality of bureaucracy. Finally, we estimate the effect of democratic trade agreements on bilateral trade flows
Vieira, Julien. "Éco-citoyenneté et démocratie environnementale." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0760/document.
Full textGenerated by the impact of human activities on the environment and without ever really being a notion explicitly consecrated by the law, eco-citizenship appears in many legal norms. Ambivalent, this notion suggests both a set of rights of which the public is creditor and a responsibility of the latter with respect to the environment.Starting from this duality of complementary values, the human right to a healthy environment is materialized by the recognition of a right of access to information, of participation in decision-making and access to justice. Thus, the law increasingly provides that the acceptance of decisions depends on the active support of citizens. The development of participatory democracy in the field of planning and sustainable development is indicative of a paradigmatic transformation. In effect, while preserving certain classical modes of public action, the law develops new concepts and organizational schemes that accompany this evolution which has not yet been completed.Whether it is influenced by social phenomena or spontaneously developed, environmental law gradually reveals the role of the citizen in the form of recourse to the courtroom but also by the evolution of the non-contentious administrative procedure. Centrally founded on the study of French environmental law as well as on several comparative incursions, this thesis is also based on sociology, philosophy or political and administrative sciences. This academic work intends to address the way in which the law takes into account the imperative of eco-citizen participation
Chamsi, Mohamed Zied. "Consensus et démocratie en Tunisie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023COAZ0028.
Full textIn a landscape devastated by what has been hastily labeled the "Arab Spring," marked by the resurgence of authoritarianism in Egypt and civil wars in Libya, Yemen, and Syria - which have reinvigorated jihadist groups and stirred the specters of tribalism, ethnic strife, and religious conflicts - Tunisia stands as a remarkable exception. Despite enduring a protracted and fragile political transition, the country has managed to safeguard its republican institutions, adopt a new Constitution acclaimed by numerous observers as the most progressive in the Arab world, and successfully navigate the challenges of two legislative and presidential elections in 2014 and 2019.This Tunisian exceptionalism can be attributed to several factors, with consensus (Tawâfuq) being paramount among them. Indeed, what we refer to as "consensus" constitutes the cornerstone of Tunisia's democratic transition, often characterized as consensual. The crowning achievement of this consensus during the transitional phase was the Nobel Peace Prize awarded to the quartet that orchestrated the national dialogue in Tunisia in 2014.Similarly, consensus lent its name to the Tunisian Constitution of January 27, 2014, acclaimed as a consensual Constitution. Successive versions of the Constitution underwent extensive deliberation, culminating in a consensus. This process was highly consultative, designed to reconcile differences on pivotal issues and secure broad societal agreement on the provisions of the new Constitution. Notably, the creation of the "consensus commission" within the National Constituent Assembly aimed to overhaul the rules governing the representation of various political forces. The composition of the consensus commission did not adhere to proportional representation; rather, each group was allotted an equivalent number of members.Nevertheless, while consensus facilitated the establishment of a democratic political and constitutional regime, setting Tunisia apart as an exception in the region, it also revealed certain adverse effects during the consolidation phase of the regime, encompassing political, institutional, and constitutional aspects. The spirit of reconciliation, which temporarily quelled antagonisms and differences, did not resolve underlying socio-economic issues, and these problems may resurface after a period of dormancy
Joignant, Alfredo. "La démocratie représentée : les dimensions symboliques de la construction démocratique au Chili." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010302.
Full textThe objective of this research is the analysis of the political symbolism and the representations of reality which were set to work during the first years of the transition to democracy in Chile, in this frame, the research bears less on the history of the landmarks of the period 1987-1990, than on the underiying social logics of the symbolic building of a new political order. The representations or reality are thus systematically connected with the struggles that oppose political actors, the logics of situation in which they get involved and the resources that they invest in a game turned competitive
Savard, Dave. "L'avenir de la démocratie : perspectives des limites de la démocratie antique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29684/29684.pdf.
Full textBonnard-Plancke, Laetitia. "Droit et démocratie sociale : contribution à l'étude des rapports entre démocratie sociale et organisations syndicales." Lille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LIL20020.
Full textCrisis of the legitimacy of the welfare state, crisis of the co-management, crisis of the trade-unionism, crisis of the social democracy. The use of the word " crisis " can't be under any illusion and can't let us think that it may be a recent phenomenon. This research supposes that the difficulties the social democracy are coming up against today took their roots in the origins of the trade-union rights. The 21 march 1884 law legalized the trade-union by calling it legal entity. It created the conditions of the gap between the salaried employees and their representatives. This gap kept on increasing so much that it questioned about the foundations of the social democracy and about the role given to the trade-union organizations too. It contributed to make us see the social democracy just as a co-management. The in-progress reform of the dialogue between employers and trade-unions forces the management and the labour to reconsider the basis of collective negotiations and my allow this social democracy wich keeps on looking for legitimacy to be revitalized in the long run
Dobrescu, Radu Bogdan. "Démocratie arithmétique, démocratie algébrique : Rousseau, la volonté générale et les petites différences." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24387/24387.pdf.
Full textRazaranaina, Jean-Claude. "La démocratie politique à Madagascar." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT4002.
Full textThe subject of this research is political democracy in Madagascar. In the first part, democracy is conceived as a way to govern and a science to the power as its original meaning and as demonstrated in the works of the researchers. In this part then, democracy follows the legal principles. The second part analyses the process of democracy enforcement in Madagascar and the problems relevant frequently to political events : that's to conquer power in denying law. In this way, political phenomena lead to legal facts. Gaps from legal loophole are noticed there. At the end, we observe a political liberal democracy that wants an improvement of the scope of the law and the participation of the people throughout the "Fokonolona" in Madagascar
Tshilombo, Send Toussaint. "Ethnicité, représentation et démocratie : fondements d'un Etat de droit démocratique en République démocratique du Congo (ex-Zaïre)." Paris 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA020090.
Full textBouchard, Éric, and Éric Bouchard. "Démocratie et grandeur humaine chez Tocqueville." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37033.
Full textEn 1831, l’aristocrate français Alexis de Tocqueville (1805-1859) traverse l’Atlantique afin d’aller rencontrer l’avenir au coeur des États-Unis d’Amérique. Avant de s’embarquer pour cette aventure, il a déjà la certitude du caractère inévitable de l’égalisation des conditions. Bien que l’avènement de l’état social démocratique soit un «fait providentiel» aux yeux du jeune homme, il s’inquiète en constatant une certaine ambivalence quant à sa tournure politique. La république libérale n’est pas la conséquence politique nécessaire de l’état social démocratique; son contraire, le despotisme, doit aussi être sérieusement envisagé. L’Amérique devient donc une destination de choix afin d’y observer tout le potentiel démocratique, et livrer ensuite ses découvertes dans ce chef-d’oeuvre que constitue La Démocratie en Amérique (1835-1840). Ce «fait générateur» qu’est l’égalité des conditions, alors même qu’il ouvre un champ des possibles immense pour l’épanouissement humain, présente aussi un risque de déshumanisation. Afin de tirer le meilleur de la démocratie, l’homme doit éviter de sombrer dans l’apathie vis-à-vis la chose politique. Renoncer à ses devoirs de citoyen revient à abdiquer sa liberté, et donc tout espoir de grandeur. Tocqueville fournit dans son ouvrage un véritable éclaircissement de la démocratie dans ses tendances les plus secrètes, et il envisage certains contrepoids permettant de maintenir le fragile équilibre. Tocqueville se porte ainsi à la défense de la liberté et de la dignité humaines qu’il croit réellement menacées. L’état social démocratique constitue-t-il une terre fertile à la grandeur humaine? Quelles sont les conditions de possibilité du déploiement de cette grandeur? Et pour nous, presque deux siècles plus tard, les mots de Tocqueville ont-ils encore une certaine pertinence? À la lumière des réflexions de Tocqueville nourries par ses découvertes en sol américain, le présent mémoire essaie de montrer que démocratie et grandeur humaine ne sont pas incompatibles.
In 1831, the French aristocrat Alexis de Tocqueville (1805-1859) sailed across the Atlantic Ocean to the heart of the United States of America in order to shed light upon the future of democracy. Before starting out on this adventure, he was already certain that social equality was inevitable. Even though, in his young eyes, the progression of the democratic social state was a “providential fact”, he became worried when he realized that there was a certain ambivalence concerning the political direction that the movement was taking. A democratic social state does not necessary lead to a liberal movement; its opposite, despotism, must seriously be taken into consideration. As such, America became his choice destination for observing all the democratic potential it had to offer, leading him to write his masterpiece Democracy in America (1835-1840), in which he shares his discoveries. Social equality opens an immense breadth of possibilities for human growth, but, at the same time, also presents a risk of dehumanization. In order to get the best out of democracy, humankind must avoid falling into apathy towards politics. Giving up one’s political responsibility is like abdicating one’s freedom and, as such, all hope for greatness. In his work, Tocqueville provides a true explanation of democracy, with all of its most secret orientations. He also provides measures that counterweight this nature, allowing for the fragile equilibrium to be maintained. In this manner, Tocqueville presents himself as the defender of human freedom and dignity, which he believes to be truly threatened. Does social equality allow for human greatness? If so, what conditions are required to deploy such greatness? Nearly two centuries later, are Tocqueville’s words still pertinent? In light of Tocqueville’s thoughts, which were fed by his discoveries on American soil, this dissertation attempts to demonstrate that democracy and human greatness are not incompatible.
In 1831, the French aristocrat Alexis de Tocqueville (1805-1859) sailed across the Atlantic Ocean to the heart of the United States of America in order to shed light upon the future of democracy. Before starting out on this adventure, he was already certain that social equality was inevitable. Even though, in his young eyes, the progression of the democratic social state was a “providential fact”, he became worried when he realized that there was a certain ambivalence concerning the political direction that the movement was taking. A democratic social state does not necessary lead to a liberal movement; its opposite, despotism, must seriously be taken into consideration. As such, America became his choice destination for observing all the democratic potential it had to offer, leading him to write his masterpiece Democracy in America (1835-1840), in which he shares his discoveries. Social equality opens an immense breadth of possibilities for human growth, but, at the same time, also presents a risk of dehumanization. In order to get the best out of democracy, humankind must avoid falling into apathy towards politics. Giving up one’s political responsibility is like abdicating one’s freedom and, as such, all hope for greatness. In his work, Tocqueville provides a true explanation of democracy, with all of its most secret orientations. He also provides measures that counterweight this nature, allowing for the fragile equilibrium to be maintained. In this manner, Tocqueville presents himself as the defender of human freedom and dignity, which he believes to be truly threatened. Does social equality allow for human greatness? If so, what conditions are required to deploy such greatness? Nearly two centuries later, are Tocqueville’s words still pertinent? In light of Tocqueville’s thoughts, which were fed by his discoveries on American soil, this dissertation attempts to demonstrate that democracy and human greatness are not incompatible.
Chokr, Mohamad Ali. "La démocratie consensuelle : Cas du Liban." Perpignan, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PERP1045.
Full textThe consensual democracy embodied a suitable regime for plural societies compared to the majority democracy. It provides a balance between the various vectors of the plural society, insuring political stability and the participation of minorities, non-domination the majority. Since Lebanon is deemed to be a plural society due to the presence of a multitude of confessions, it has sought to make the principles of the consensual regime prevail on those of the majority System. This study highlighted the nature of the existing political System in Lebanon, based on the sectarian diversity, since the establishment of the State of Greater Lebanon, passing through the most important events and conciliations in Lebanon, according to whish the consensual democracy was consecrated as an interim régime to achieve a modem democracy. When the division increase the mechanism of action of the political consensual system and its effectiveness in Lebanon grow at the level of governance and administration and the Islamic-Christian coexistence, it was time to highlight the operation of the consensual system, to show the main causes that hinder its evolution and the aim or feasibility of the continuity of its application on the political life in Lebanon. Especially, the Lebanese constitution amended according to the Taëf document, did not stipulate that the consensual democracy is an end but a means to attain stable democracy. Therefore, it was necessary to suggest an alternative system to the consensual democracy, as a solution to get out of the recurrent crises, in compliance with the multi confessional composition of the Lebanese society
Kaboré, Boniface. "Démocratie entre l'universel et le particulier." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq28350.pdf.
Full textSalas, Cardona Juan Camilo. "Démocratie pluraliste et droits des minorités." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00772744.
Full textRostein, Stéphanie. "Le secret d'Etat et la démocratie." Paris 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA020053.
Full textDangabo, Moussa Abdou. "Démocratie et citoyenneté en République centrafricaine." Pau, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PAUU1013.
Full textThis thesis entitled "Democracy and Citizenship in Central African Republic (1993-2003)", analyzes on the one hand, the local experiments of democratic invention in a post-conflict; in addition, it concretely apprehends the various actors of ground (left political, civil company, ONG main roads and international) engaged in the search citizen and the step of peace, in spite of the persistence of the centrifugal forces. Lastly, the future prospects of the democracy and the citizenship in Central African Republic are approached. Pratically, the Central African political actors conceive the democracy in terms of procedure or vote-catching term; they transpose the model of the representative democracy such as it practised in Occident. Yet, the grafting does not take. Then, how to think and to invent the democracy in Central African Republic ? To succeed in building a more democratic society, the State should re-suite the democratic instruments which are inter alia: the participation in the civic life, the exercise of freedom and social justice
Fall, Demba. "Société civile et démocratie au Sénégal." Perpignan, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PERP0749.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to study the evolution of civil and social participation in the development of political democratization in Senegal. Considering that the constitutional model, adopted in 1960, has not favoured a participating democracy this study ponders about the relationship between the civil society and democracy in Senegal. Through a conceptualization limited to idealogical reforms concerning the political system and state institutions or simply an institutional imitation, we note that the vertical contruction of democratization is neither the result of the people's awareness nor will. The fonctional and structural inadequacy has created a "non-legitimation" linked to a new volontarist dynamic of social and public transformation. The opening up of the Senegalese political system made it possible to observe the change of the civil society both as an opposition force as an alternative element. But this does not exclude that the civil society may be a public authority partner and thus act in order to obtain a reinforcement of the democratic asset. Analysing the outcome of the democratic change in February/March 2000, a statement occurs : despite institutional, socio-cultural, economic and political barriers preventing the construction and participation of the civil society in Senegal the change depends mainly on the work of this civil society rather than on the political parties
Byrne, Alice. "Boosting Britain : démocratie et propagande culturelle." Aix-Marseille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX10026.
Full textHong, Qiaoyun. "Déconstruction et démocratie chez Jacques Derrida." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01H203.
Full textOur study aims to show how Derrida thinks of democracy through deconstruction which is his own and unique approach. Our philosopher presents his thinking on democracy from a concept of friendship which, according to him, gives the model of the just relationship between human. We can say that he seeks to rethink the base of politics with this concept of friendship through a work of inheritance, criticism, sometimes rejection, and finally deconstruction. Derrida begins to deconstruct the notion of friendship through a quote: “O my friends, there is no friend.”, and from there, he emphasizes and queries a series of contradictions on the idea of friendship in philosophical history. The concept of friendship rethought by the work of deconstruction in Derrida connects to the idea of surviving which goes beyond death in relation with mourning. Friendship then opens a door to the future, through the Derridian theory of the trace and the différance which is linked to the movement of spacing and duration. At the same time, Derrida evokes the possibility of thinking friendship from its opposite, including converting the friend into enemy, he thus scrutinizes the political relation friend / enemy on the ethical plan to rethink it according to the requirement of justice. For this, he introduces the idea of the other and of hospitality. The thesis ends on the importance of the concept of the other in Derrida which is linked with the theme of hospitality in his philosophy, in order to develop his political theory around the “democracy to come”
Younes, Myriam. "Démocratie et terrorisme au Proche-Orient." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO30081.
Full textOn the dawning of the third millennium, democracy is encountering two different challenges. On the one hand, it is shaken by terrorism that flies in the face of the democratic principles and values whilst destabilizing the institutions and threatening citizens touching even the nation itself. Notwithstanding the fact that on the other hand, democracy could be challenged by non-proportional and even excessive measures taken in the context of the fight against terrorism acquitted by certain « democratic » regimes. Thus, under the pretext of countering terrorism, the behavioural pattern of some democratic states undermines the State of law and unveils violations of human rights and fundamental liberties. The current study aspires to investigate the legal infrastructure that conforms to the fight against terrorism away from compromising the principles and values of democracy. For this purpose, the following pages would highlight the dialectic contradiction between two concepts: democracy and terrorism. In fact, the current study treats two hot topics particularly significant. The first of those topics would be the establishment of the Special Tribunal for Lebanon [STL] being the first internationalized with jurisdiction over the acts of terrorism. The second of the above-mentioned topics would be a comparative study treating the current « revolutions » occurring within the Arab States, hence highlighting the need to pursue democracy versus the rise of terrorism in the region. Moreover, this study would exhibit a prospect of the fight against terrorism carried out by countries of the Near East. In addition, this study exposes some conditions by which a « disguised » democracy would be avoided, one that is struck by terrorism, towards an « authentic » democracy, striking with rights
في فجر الالفية الثالثة٬ تواجه الديمقراطية تحديين مختلفين. التحدي الاول يكمن في الارباك الذي يحدثه الارهاب بضربه المبادئ والقيم الديمقراطية معرضا المؤسسات الى الخلل٬ مهددا المواطنين والامة ايضا. التحدي الثاني يتجلى بالانحراف في مكافحة الارهاب احيانا بطرق غير متناسبة لا بل مجحفة. فتحت ستار مكافحة الارهاب يتبين بان ممارسات بعض الدول الديمقراطية يضعف دولة القانون ويظهر انتهاكات لحقوق الانسان وللحريات الاساسية. تعالج هذه الرسالة البحث حول الاسس القانونية التي تتجاوب مع مكافحة الارهاب دون التعرض للمبادئ والقيم الديمقراطية. كما تطرح التناقض الموجود ما بين مفهومي الديمقراطية والارهاب. تتناول هذه الدراسة ايضا موضوعين حاليين ذات اهمية خاصة. يتطرق الاول الى انشاء المحكمة الخاصة بلبنان كأول محكمة ذات طابع دولي تنظر في قضايا الارهاب. فيما الثاني يشمل دراسة مقارنة حول الثورات الحاصلة في الدول العربية٬ تسلط الضوء على أهمية التحول الديمقراطي في مواجهة تصاعد الارهاب في المنطقة. كما وتعرض الرسالة دراسة حول مناهضة دول الشرق الأدنى للارهاب. اخيرا تطرح معايير للخروج من الديمقراطية « المقنعة » التي يفجرها الارهاب نحو ديمقراطية « فعلية » تزخر بالقانون
Boulanger, Philippe. "Jean-François Revel et la démocratie." Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030105.
Full textWriter all over the world, columnist in top French weeklies, graduated in philosophy, Jean-François Revel went through the international and French intellectual life from the end of the war on. Born on July 19, 1924, Marseilles, passed away on April 30, 2006, his intellectual profile was deeply rooted in his time. So were his intellectual contempories in this century, but undoudtedly still more, because his thought was little theoritical, based on facts before all. His liberal reasoning was used in the largest press and in his best-selling books at the service of democracy, that he sees as threatened internally and externally.Publicist in the way of the 19th century-writers, watchman of prominent political, economic, social and ideological challenges in the last century, isolated sentinel of liberalism in the period of triumphant Marxism, fierce champion of liberal democracy that was fought by fascisms and Nazi and Communist totalitarianisms, Revel played a role both central and marginal in the history of ideas in France.Moreover, Revel remained, and in spite of a real Anglo-Saxon stance, a French liberal democrat, convinced of being left-winger even though he was the target of controversies, faced with both a deeply Marxised French Left and a clearly antiliberal Gaullist and post-Gaullist Right. Giving his support to integral liberalism was not a question of dogma but of experience. Political liberalism ensures civil peace, check and balance, the participation of citizens to political life, and economic liberalism is better than state interventionism to create social justice and to guarantee efficiency.Philosopher of minor interest if compared with Aron or Hayek, political writer and polemist, Revel has, since he died, been relatively confined. His role of vulgarizator of liberal ideas in the largest press – rather than in the academic inner circles – has rarely been underlined in the studies dealing with 20th century-liberalism. The topic of this thesis is to try to modestly make Revel’s work better known
Tourigny, Nicole. "Femme et mère : démocratie et liberté de l'avortement." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0006/MQ32559.pdf.
Full textFournier, Luc A. "Internet et démocratie : accès, contrôle et liberté d'expression." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0034/MQ38748.pdf.
Full textGhardallou, Wafa. "Développement et structure des systèmes financiers : analyse du rôle de la démocratie et de la transition démocratique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE0504.
Full textThis thesis analyzes the relationship between the political regime and the financial system. Specifically, the empirical research conducted throughout this thesis aims to study the role of democracy in the development and structure of financial systems. To this end, we proceed in three steps. First, we examine the impact of the event of the democratic transition in the financial development of the countries that have moved towards democracy. Thus, having defined what is meant by a developed financial system and highlighted the factors that determine its evolution, we show that the transition to a democratic regime increases the size of the financial system in the medium and long term. However, it will have no short-term effect (chapter 1). In a second step, we focus on the factors that influence the effectiveness of this political regime. Indeed, since the exchange of theoretical arguments reflect a lack of consensus on the relationship between democracy and development, it seems important to otherwise understand this issue through the consideration of the role of the institutional environment in the analysis of this relationship (chapter 2). Thus, we show that democracy contributes to the development of the financial sector in the presence of good institutions while it hinders its development where institutional quality is below a certain threshold. Finally, we try to extend the existing literature by questioning the role of democracy in the explanation of the financial system architecture (chapter 3). Having reviewed the main factors influencing the shape of the financial system, we show that the political system is a determining factor in the financial structure of emerging economies. More precisely, we find that further democracy reduces the share of intermediated financing and expands the role of stock markets
Ghardallou, Wafa. "Développement et structure des systèmes financiers : analyse du rôle de la démocratie et de la transition démocratique." Thesis, Orléans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE0504.
Full textThis thesis analyzes the relationship between the political regime and the financial system. Specifically, the empirical research conducted throughout this thesis aims to study the role of democracy in the development and structure of financial systems. To this end, we proceed in three steps. First, we examine the impact of the event of the democratic transition in the financial development of the countries that have moved towards democracy. Thus, having defined what is meant by a developed financial system and highlighted the factors that determine its evolution, we show that the transition to a democratic regime increases the size of the financial system in the medium and long term. However, it will have no short-term effect (chapter 1). In a second step, we focus on the factors that influence the effectiveness of this political regime. Indeed, since the exchange of theoretical arguments reflect a lack of consensus on the relationship between democracy and development, it seems important to otherwise understand this issue through the consideration of the role of the institutional environment in the analysis of this relationship (chapter 2). Thus, we show that democracy contributes to the development of the financial sector in the presence of good institutions while it hinders its development where institutional quality is below a certain threshold. Finally, we try to extend the existing literature by questioning the role of democracy in the explanation of the financial system architecture (chapter 3). Having reviewed the main factors influencing the shape of the financial system, we show that the political system is a determining factor in the financial structure of emerging economies. More precisely, we find that further democracy reduces the share of intermediated financing and expands the role of stock markets
Gueorguieva, Petia. "La social-démocratie en Europe centrale et orientale: convergences et divergences par rapport à l'identité sociale-démocrate "occidentale"?" Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210951.
Full textBarbin, Adeline. "La démocratie technique." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H231.
Full textThe topic of democracy has been excluded from thinking about sciences and technologies in political philosophy by the idea of an autonomous technology and the identification of technical progress to progress itself. Instead, technocratic conceptions of power have been examined. Consequently, it is in history and sociology of technology that we can find considerations on relationship beteween technology and democracy. By analysing how they conceive this relation, we show both the importance of socio-cultural factors to explain technical development of society and existence of a weak version of determinism which implies that technologies shape social relationships. Then, we can understand that there is two reasons which explain why making technology an object of democratic debate is possible and relevant: first, technology commit society on a development path that citizens should be entitled to discuss; second, it is already a political object for it is adressed by legislations and, as innovation, is a key element of national and international political objectives. We point out technical democracy, given the critics it receveid, has to become more complex in order no to be limited to thinking about expertise and skill and to be able to adress what is at stake in the economic, juridic and epistemic conditions of knowledge and innovation production as well as what is at stake in the classic thinking about democracy. For technical democracy is a way to enlarge democracy to new topics, particularly to the question of how to define progress
Dobrescu, Radu. "Démocratie arithmétique, démocratie algébrique : Rousseau, la volonté générale et les petites différences /cRadu Dobrescu." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19014.
Full textKhashan, Ali. "Le parti unique et la démocratie : exemple la Côte d'Ivoire." Montpellier 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON10035.
Full textThe idea of a unique party provoqued for jurists a sort of polemic considering the advantages and disadvantages. The polemic reached its apogee when the relation between the system of the unique party and the democracy was established. It is possible to ascertain this condition in certain countries of the third world and in particular the african countries that had opted for the system of the unique party due to pratical facters. On this sense, three developing countries need the unity of the people and the regime to continue their development. This is the reason that we have chosen the ivory coast's unique party where the p. D. C. I. Maintains the democracy. We have subdivised our work in two parts preceded by a preliminary chapter that discusses the origin of the unique party as well as the justifications that support it. For the origin, we attempted to consider the relationship between the p. D. C. I. And the other groups and forces that helped to form the party such as the african agricultural syndi. (a. A. S. ), the committee of franco-african studies and the group of communist students. Afterwards, we demonstrated the roll of the democratic party in the creation of the african democratis assembly (a. D. A. ) as well as its relation with the french communist party (f. C. P. ). We have devoted the first part to structure of the ivory coast's democratic party concerning basic elements or central organs of the party or even its methods of functioning. The second part deals with the different points of view of responsable inhabitants of the ivory coast that agree on the fact that the p. A. C. I. Is a democratic party. We have tried to discuss these affirmations regarding the practical reality and above all, based on certain examples, we have sketched our point of view concerning the relationships between the unique party and the democracy. At the end of our research we have demonstrated the necessity to establish the system of multipartism by using, among other methods, a survey of 86 students from the ivory coast. They expressed their position toward the scope of the unique party as well their relationship with the democracy
Lefrançois, David. "Éducation éthique et citoyenneté démocratique : de la formation morale à l'éducation du citoyen en démocratie." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2000. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/3082/1/000678441.pdf.
Full textChopin, Olivier. "La raison d'Etat et la démocratie : concepts et pratiques." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0085.
Full textReason of state disrupts democratic ethics by showing how violence and law are linked by dark bonds - the use of secret above all. Does reason of state, considered as ontologically stranger to democracy, constitute a threat or a remedy for the survival of democracies? At the very least, reason of state evokes the essential double frailty of democracies - fraitly towards the dangers that threaten them and fraitly towards the remedies they choose. The work analyses the control of intelligence services in three countries (France, The United States and the United Kingdom) and shows that the theoratical opposition between reason of state and democracy turns in practice into a tension which can not be suppressed. Finally, the study of the US reaction to the September 11 attacks deals with knowing wether democracies can defend themselves and reveal their strength if necessary - and still remain democracies
Barnaud-Meyer, Sarah. "Marx et la question de la démocratie." Thesis, Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040062/document.
Full textOur research calls forth three reassessments : Marx’s theory of history does not expel politics, rather it raises democracy as the issue of modern times; communism does not dismiss democracy but actualizes it; it is not the dictatorship of the proletariat that poses a problem but society’s constitution into a political subject. Already in his first works, Marx criticizes the differentiated sphere of politics for the sake of immanent politics since democracy is not a form of the modern state, but what surpasses the diremption of the community.The democratic state is an oxymoron; true or real democracy is communism. The democratic state is condemned to remain formal without the socialization of the means of production, and communism is condemned to a dictatorship of the needs without the socialization of politics. The issue of democracy the way Marx states it therefore provides a main thread for hermeneutics and political analysis. Remains the precarious process of realizing democracy. The dictatorship of the proletariat is an expansion of democracy against the state, but the dialectic of revolution did not lead to a decisive subjective moment. Yet democratic societies tend toward socialization and endure the conditions of impossibility for fair politics: a marxist stand thus unfolds democracy as an issue and puts into question the closure of the Machiavellian moment
Robert, Guillaume. "La démocratie : ses évidences et son avenir." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24930/24930.pdf.
Full textAslanzadeh, Mehdi. "L'Iran et le spectre de la démocratie." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU10035.
Full textDemocracy requires reasonable, educated, virtuous and public-spirited citizens. This requirement is what fundamentally distinguishes it from despotism. The choice of one or the other political system powerfully influences socialization; hence the mores that prevail, which in turn influence it. Now, throughout a history going back thousands of years, Iran had chosen its side by linking the happiness of the people to its submission to the king. Despotism is thus deeply rooted in Iranian institutions, minds and habits, none of which are easily altered. While modernity, both instrumental (technology) and social (education, urbanization), has taken hold and progresses, it has so far hardly affected the realm of thought – the creative source of new social and political relations. Iranian culture remains heteronomous and dependent on tradition, which itself depends on religion. Herein lies the Iranian paradox: they want progress, but also conservation of what frustrates it or slows it down! Iranian politics is premised on two sources of legitimacy. One, divine, derives from the Sharia and refers to the world beyond; the other, secular and human, flows from the Constitution. The conflict between them emerges when the former is considered superior to the latter, which it restricts, thus rendering any transition from a theocratic to a democratic system very difficult. However, democracy is not without allies: executives, civil servants, teachers, journalists, writers, lawyers or professional engineers – all products of the gradual rise of civil society, and of a middle-class which grew as a result of forced modernization under the Pahlavi monarchy, but now autonomously thrives under the Islamic Republic. Enjoying high levels of educational attainment, this class yearns for pluralism, meritocracy, and participation in decision making. Sociologically speaking, the rise of civil society and an independent middle class occurred as a result of rapid urbanization and generalized access to higher education. In structural terms, their emergence fulfills one of democracy’s pre-requisites. From a cultural standpoint, the new social norms they introduce meet another precondition of the democratization process, and determine its outcomes: democratic values first materialize at family level in the form of a rejection of patriarchy, and then percolate all the way up to the political level. Such social change serves to reinforce civil society, which has distinct difficulty accepting political Islam as a unique and sacred reference. Despite their apparent progress, its agents must become aware of the necessity for them to reduce their dependence on the State, and question the constituent elements of their patriarchal culture – the ultimate source and justification of a theocratic despotism which deprives the public sphere of its strength and vitality. A transition to democracy also depends on the existence of social forces capable of providing a counterweight to the State: a free-market economy, technocratic elites, political parties and associations able to reflect the society’s diversity. Now, despite a potentially fertile environment for democratization, Iran still lacks them. Yet there is reason to believe that improved socio-economic conditions will make for a more effective civil society. But let us make no mistake: social and economic liberalization is not a necessary consequence of private sector growth. On the contrary, while long-term economic development serves to consolidate it, democratization itself will be the driving force behind any general expansion of the private sector, because democracy reinforces the least State-dependent segments of society
Jaccoud, Luciana de Barros. "Pauvreté, démocratie et protection sociale au Brésil." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0011.
Full textKugler, Florence. "Participation et démocratie dans les entreprises privées." Strasbourg 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STR30011.
Full textRegarding to the social and economical evolution today, it become an absolute priority to set up a real democracy in enterprises. The intention of a necessary transformation of the enterprise social factor into democracy, is not a new concept. Earlier, in the second half of the 20th century and in several european countries, we saw a regulation growth, more and more oriented to a real democracy, this one started to be putting in place two key points of worker's participation: - financial participation -free individual expression. Nevertheless, a perfect democracy in enterprise without joint codetermi- nation, which is the absolute workers' participation mode, cannot be conducted. In fact, it is to joint codetermination that several european countries legislation tend to. It is, as well, a trend which exists at community regulation level. However, democracy introduction by joint codetermination method is not an easy way. It involves in national plan, a complete modification of the existing social structures, and in european plan, the company law harmonization as the used participation mode harmonisa
Sadry, Benoit. "Bilan et perspectives de la démocratie représentative." Limoges, 2007. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/498cc402-707c-47d8-a51f-3c95015d0d1f/blobholder:0/2007LIMO1001.pdf.
Full textIncreasing abstention, mistrust to the political élite, poor militancy, increase of protesting demonstration, appear, among many, as the signs of a calling into question of the representative democracy. Principally linked to the political participation and to the representation, are these difficulties the translation of a political apathy from the citizens or must they regarded as the end of a classical model of government ?To answer this interrogation, the research shows, in a first time, a result but views also, in a second time, some perspectives for the representative democracy. The representation crisis shows principally itself by an opposition of the election and an opposition of representatives, but she appears also through new facts’ intrusion which inevitably bring about some consequences under the classical model. Moreover, the concept of citizenship knows also a crisis; this concept is both overtaken in strict political dimension but also in his expressions. Nevertheless, despite the accumulation of difficulties which seem yet to exceed the classical concept, the representative democracy still appears like an efficient system of government. However, to be guaranteed, she must lead to a better representation, to a real efficiency from the elected members in their politics, but she must also guarantee to the citizens a better participation in the politic life
Aucante, Yohann. "L'hégémonie démocratique : institutionnalisation des partis sociaux-démocrates suédois et norvégien comme partis d'Etat." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2003. http://spire.sciences-po.fr/hdl:/2441/f4rshpf3v1umfa09lasrmc409.
Full textGoupayou, Goupayou Hervé, and Goupayou Hervé Goupayou. "La conception platonicienne de la démocratie et sa critique par Aristote : bilan et perspectives- Essai sur les fondements épistémologiques, éthiques et politiques de la démocratie à l'époque classique et dans la modernité." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36894.
Full textLe but de cette thèse est d’analyser la conception platonicienne de la démocratie et sa critique par Aristote, afin de dégager les fondements et les caractères principaux de ce débat à l’époque classique, puis de montrer leurs liens possibles avec la modernité démocratique. L’hypothèse avancée est que l’épistémologie idéaliste qui est au fondement du projet politique de Platon est aussi au fondement de sa critique de la démocratie. L’épistémologie naturaliste et empiriste qui est au fondement de la philosophie politique d’Aristote est aussi au fondement de sa critique de démocratie. La conception platonicienne de la démocratie est idéaliste donc relativement déconnectée de la réalité démocratique athénienne de la période classique ; celle d’Aristote est pragmatiste : elle est adaptée à la réalité démocratique athénienne de la période classique. Le coeur du désaccord entre Platon et Aristote réside dans l’articulation entre science et politique, mieux entre vérité et démocratie. En fustigeant la démocratie au nom d’une vérité transcendante et universelle, Platon s’est placé délibérément en rupture par rapport aux valeurs de la démocratie athénienne de la période classique. Pour lui, de manière générale, la démocratie ne définit pas seulement une forme de gouvernement : elle est un type de société où règne le pluralisme, l’excès de liberté et d’égalité, et où chacun peut vivre selon sa fantaisie. Bigarrée, elle renferme toutes les formes de constitutions. Nul n’y est contraint d’obéir. Chacun peut décider d’y commander s’il en a la fantaisie. Platon pointe du doigt l’ignorance et l’incompétence populaire : l’incapacité à comprendre l’homme et d’adapter chez lui une éducation appropriée. Il critique le tirage au sort des magistrature et des charges publiques qui font selon lui de la démocratie un objet d’intrigue et non de compétence. Pour le disciple de Socrate, lorsque la liberté démocratique est poussée à son extrême, il n’existe plus aucun ordre social ni humain : la démocratie se transforme en tyrannie. En général, la conception platonicienne de la démocratie n’est qu’une caricature presque grotesque de la démocratie athénienne, et une parodie de ses divers éloges par des rhéteurs politiques Grecs. La conception aristotélicienne de la démocratie est inspirée de la constitution athénienne de la période classique. En faisant l’éloge de la participation et de la délibération démocratique, au nom d’un schéma naturaliste et empiriste de la connaissance, Aristote se met délibérément en accord avec les valeurs de la démocratie athénienne de la période classique. En valorisant les savoirs individuels, son épistémologie met en évidence la pluralité et la diversité, ainsi que la liberté et l’égalité de participation des citoyens aux décisions politiques, comme fondements de la démocratie. L’épistémologie aristotélicienne implique une approche pragmatiste de la démocratie. Selon lui, tout homme a quelque chose de particulier à apporter à la vérité. La vérité démocratique est un consensus rationnel obtenu au terme d’un débat ou d’une délibération populaire. Elle est la somme des opinions individuelles. Dans son approche de la démocratie, Aristote introduit la prise en considération de la composition du groupe social dominant et en fait une analyse qui peut être qualifiée de sociologique. Le Stagirite distingue quatre espèces de démocratie à partir de la catégorie sociale qui exerce la réalité du pouvoir : la démocratie rurale, la démocratie censitaire, la démocratie populaire et la politeia. La politeia est la meilleure forme de démocratie selon lui. Elle est la meilleure alternative aux problèmes de la démocratie athénienne. La politeia s’apparente à un régime mixte et à un État de droit parce que les lois n’y privilégient ni les riches ni les pauvres. Bref, tous les citoyens y ont le droit de participer aux affaires polit iques. Nous montrons à la fin de notre recherche, en faisant le bilan du débat qui oppose Platon et Aristote, et surtout en mettant en évidence les valeurs de la politeia comme meilleure forme de gouvernement, qu’Aristote a posé les bases de la démocratie participative et délibérative de la période contemporaine. Autrement dit, la démocratie procédurale ou encore ce que les philosophes politiques contemporains appellent procéduralisme épistémique a des racines aristotéliciennes.
The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the Platonic conception of democracy and its criticism by Aristotle, in order to highlight the foundations and the main characters of this debate in the classical period, then to show their possible links with democratic modernity. The hypothesis put forward is that the idealist epistemology which is at the foundation of Plato’s political project is also the foundation of his criticism of democracy. The naturalist and empiricist epistemology which is at the foundation of Aristotle’s political philosophy is also the foundation of his approach of democracy. The Platonic conception of democracy is idealistic and therefore relatively disconnected from the Athenian political reality; that of Aristotle is pragmatist: it is adapted to the Athenian democratic reality. The heart of the disagreement between Plato and Aristotle lies in the articulation between science and politics, better between truth and democracy. By castigating democracy in the name of a transcendent and universal truth, Plato deliberately broke with the values of the Athenian democracy of the classical period. For him, in general, democracy does not only define a form of government: it is a type of society where pluralism, excess of freedom and equality reign, and where everyone can live according to his or her fantasy. Variegated, it contains all forms of constitutions. No one is forced to obey. Everyone can decide to order if he has the fancy. Plato points out ignorance and popular incompetence: the inability to understand man and to adapt to him an appropriate education. He criticizes the drawing of lots of magistrates and public offices which, according to him, make democracy an object of intrigue and not of competence. For the disciple of Socrates, when democratic freedom is pushed to its extreme, there is no longer any social or human order: democracy turns into tyranny. In general, the Platonic conception of democracy is only an almost grotesque caricature of Athenian democracy, and a parody of its various praises by Greek political rhetoricians. The Aristotelian conception of democracy is inspired by the Athenian constitution of the classical period. By praising democratic participation and deliberation, in the name of a naturalist and empiricist schema of knowledge, Aristotle deliberately sets out to agree with the values of Athenian democracy of the classical period. By promoting individual knowledge, his epistemology highlights the plurality and diversity, as well as the freedom and equal participation of citizens in political decisions, as foundations of democracy. Aristotelian epistemology implies a pragmatist approach to democracy. According to him, every man has something special to bring to the truth. Democratic truth is a rational consensus reached after popular debate or deliberation. It is the sum of individual opinions. In his approach of democracy, Aristotle introduces the consideration of the composition of the dominant social group and makes it an analysis that can be described as sociological. He distinguishes four kinds of democracy from the social category that exercises the reality of power: rural democracy, oligarchic democracy, popular democracy and politeia. According to him, Politeia is the best form of democracy. It is the best alternative for the Athenian democracy. Politeia is like a mixed regime and a rule of law because the laws do not favor neither the rich nor the poor. In short, in politeia all citizens have the right to participate in political affairs. We show at the end of our research, taking stock of the debate between Plato and Aristotle, and especially by highlighting the values of politeia as the best form of government, that Aristotle has laid the foundations of participatory and deliberative democracy of the contemporary period. In other words, procedural democracy or what contemporary political philosophers call epistemic proceduralism has Aristotelian roots.
The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the Platonic conception of democracy and its criticism by Aristotle, in order to highlight the foundations and the main characters of this debate in the classical period, then to show their possible links with democratic modernity. The hypothesis put forward is that the idealist epistemology which is at the foundation of Plato’s political project is also the foundation of his criticism of democracy. The naturalist and empiricist epistemology which is at the foundation of Aristotle’s political philosophy is also the foundation of his approach of democracy. The Platonic conception of democracy is idealistic and therefore relatively disconnected from the Athenian political reality; that of Aristotle is pragmatist: it is adapted to the Athenian democratic reality. The heart of the disagreement between Plato and Aristotle lies in the articulation between science and politics, better between truth and democracy. By castigating democracy in the name of a transcendent and universal truth, Plato deliberately broke with the values of the Athenian democracy of the classical period. For him, in general, democracy does not only define a form of government: it is a type of society where pluralism, excess of freedom and equality reign, and where everyone can live according to his or her fantasy. Variegated, it contains all forms of constitutions. No one is forced to obey. Everyone can decide to order if he has the fancy. Plato points out ignorance and popular incompetence: the inability to understand man and to adapt to him an appropriate education. He criticizes the drawing of lots of magistrates and public offices which, according to him, make democracy an object of intrigue and not of competence. For the disciple of Socrates, when democratic freedom is pushed to its extreme, there is no longer any social or human order: democracy turns into tyranny. In general, the Platonic conception of democracy is only an almost grotesque caricature of Athenian democracy, and a parody of its various praises by Greek political rhetoricians. The Aristotelian conception of democracy is inspired by the Athenian constitution of the classical period. By praising democratic participation and deliberation, in the name of a naturalist and empiricist schema of knowledge, Aristotle deliberately sets out to agree with the values of Athenian democracy of the classical period. By promoting individual knowledge, his epistemology highlights the plurality and diversity, as well as the freedom and equal participation of citizens in political decisions, as foundations of democracy. Aristotelian epistemology implies a pragmatist approach to democracy. According to him, every man has something special to bring to the truth. Democratic truth is a rational consensus reached after popular debate or deliberation. It is the sum of individual opinions. In his approach of democracy, Aristotle introduces the consideration of the composition of the dominant social group and makes it an analysis that can be described as sociological. He distinguishes four kinds of democracy from the social category that exercises the reality of power: rural democracy, oligarchic democracy, popular democracy and politeia. According to him, Politeia is the best form of democracy. It is the best alternative for the Athenian democracy. Politeia is like a mixed regime and a rule of law because the laws do not favor neither the rich nor the poor. In short, in politeia all citizens have the right to participate in political affairs. We show at the end of our research, taking stock of the debate between Plato and Aristotle, and especially by highlighting the values of politeia as the best form of government, that Aristotle has laid the foundations of participatory and deliberative democracy of the contemporary period. In other words, procedural democracy or what contemporary political philosophers call epistemic proceduralism has Aristotelian roots.
Ramadan, El Sheikh Esmat Abd Alla. "Représentation et démocratie dans le système politique égyptien." Toulouse 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU10028.
Full textOur aim is to point out the obstacles that hinder the emergence of a perfectly democratic political representation by examining the texts, the facts and the actual political life. We first examing the question the electoral system, the only staisfactory way of designation the representatives of people. We then examine the sociological factors that have either a direct influence (political parties) or an indirect one (socio-economic environment) on choice of the voters. We also examine the representative bodies whose function is to mediate for the which of the citizens, in fact, the Egyptian political representation is on the way of democracy, or is semi-democratic. If the democratic institutions exists, they have to function in the effective way, in order to reach a real democracy
Dubslaff, Étienne. "« Oser plus de social-démocratie ». La recréation et l’établissement du Parti social-démocrate en RDA (1989-1990)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040151.
Full textThis dissertation analyses the personal and collective background and development of the approximately 40 founding members of the Social democratic Party in the GDR (SDP, then SPD) from October 7th 1989 until the fusion of both German Social democratic parties on September 26th 1990, 8 days before the national Reunification. Beyond the revolutionary act against the East German regime and the SED, this thesis tries to retace the structural and programmatic development of the party and insists on the East-German basis of its ideology. After the fall of the Berlin Wall, the SDP has to position itself vis-à-vis the national question and its relations to the West German SPD. The latter helps its new partner but tries to dominate the East German party, especially after it has become part of the East German government after the free national elections on March 18th 1990. Although the majority of the East German population hopes for a prompt reunification as it is promised by the conservative parties in Bonn and Berlin, the SPD tries to avoid a complete rendition of East-German identity and succeeds in maintaining some of its aspects beyond the German Reunification. Nevertheless, the East German social democrats fight for the ratification of the three Treaties by the West German SPD part of which seems reluctant. Throughout their political actions, the East German social democrats seek to maintain their identity which they consider no less valuable than the one that is impersonated by the Federal Republic and the West German SPD. This dissertation tries not only to depict the social democratic policies but to analyze the evolution of objectives within the year of its autonomous existence