Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Et la grâce'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Et la grâce.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Soubrié, Thierry. "Apprendre à lire grâce à l'hypertexte." Montpellier 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON30030.
Full textBocquet, Daniel. "L'imposture de l'artifice : essai sur la mystification théâtrale de la grâce." Lyon 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO31014.
Full textThe concept of "dramatic mystification" turned out to be at the center of our interpretation of appearance, that is both deceptive and guenuine. What is at stake in such a study of grace is our willingness to point out that aesthetics and ethics are based on the same artificial background, which is : the life-enhancing illusion of happiness. This kind of "transcendental deception" should be seen as an archetypal motive of polymorphous action rather than as a misleading or fake impediment to philosophical reason's flow. From this perspective of a stylized life, we have attached great importance to the art of pretending that genius is a graceful gift when it is mainly a matter of getting used to it, that is to say a matter of mastering the prismatic and polysemous phenomenon of self-deception
Vilcot, Pierre. "Grâce et liberté dans le champ de l'expérience esthétique." Lille 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LIL3A005.
Full textSicard-Arpin, Ghislaine. "Bourdaloue : la dialectique du coeur et de la grâce." Lyon 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO31017.
Full textOur inquiry deals with the conversion's dialectic in bourdaloue's preaching, a dialectic of heart and grace. Conversion consists in choosing between two opposite proposals : god or sin. This existential choice depends on each one's freedom and finds its transcendance in christ's grace. The aim of our first part is to present the main stages of heart's progress before christ's coming : the original state of this heard and its change after sin. The sinner's conversion is bound with cross work, that bourdaloue considers from a dialectical point of view, as a struggle whose transcendance is in god-made-man's resurrection. The converted heart is transformed into a new heart : his life is vivified by the grace which conveys to achieve the law in divine freedom and love. Our third part points out how bourdaloue trics to convey his listeners to an always more perfect and holier christian life. Its achievment depends on the free will of man, subject to grace ; its binds the responsability of each christian who can have, thanks to christ, a life of unity and peace with god
Spens, Patrick. "Pierre Michon : la mémoire et la grâce : une présentation critique." Nancy 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN21007.
Full textDesilets-Paquet, Arthur. "La grâce dans la philosophie de Vladimir Jankélévitch." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27015.
Full textLefebvre, Albert. "Les jardins du Val-de Grâce : origines historiques, aménagements anciens et récents." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P162.
Full textChampigneux, Pierre. "Comprendre et optimiser les anodes microbiennes grâce aux technologies microsystèmes." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018INPT0051/document.
Full textMany microorganisms have the ability to catalyze the electrochemical oxidation of organic matterby self-organizing into biofilm on the surface of anodes. This process is the basis of highlyinnovative electro-microbial processes such as microbial fuel cells or microbial electrolysis cells.The biofilm/electrode interface has been the subject of numerous studies whose conclusionsremain difficult to disentangle partly because of the diversity of the interfacial parameters involved.The purpose of this thesis work is to exploit microsystem technologies to focus the impact ofelectrode surface topography on biofilm development and electro-catalytic performance. Theformation of electroactive biofilms of Geobacter sulfurreducens was studied on gold electrodespresenting well-controlled topographies, in the form of roughness, porosity, pillar networks, atscales ranging from nanometer to a few hundred micrometers. The presence of micro-roughnessincreased the current densities by a factor of 8 compared to a smooth surface and its effect wasquantified using the Sa parameter. We have tried to distinguish the effects of different roughnessscales on biofilm development and electron transfer rates. The suitability of micro-porosity wasdiscussed. The increase of active surface area by the presence of micro-pillars has proved veryeffective and a theoretical approach has given keys to understanding and optimization. Theknowledge acquired under pure culture conditions was finally confronted with the use of multispeciesbiofilms formed from a complex inoculum coming from marine sediments
Chun, Jong-ho. "La nature et la grâce dans les oeuvres de Prévost." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040050.
Full textOur study consists in analyzing moral thoughts of abbe Prevost, concerning education by examining particularly themes of the nature and the grace in his two novels, the Memoires et aventures d'un homme de qualite and Cleveland. The novels of Prevost are didactic and theological. His concept of the human nature is closely linked to the augustinism and his heroes are bearers of moral and religious values who represent the human condition. In the beginning of his novels, Prevost presents a 'pupil of the nature' who is a man before the state of fall. His novel starts at the moment of the entry of this hero in the social life, which corresponds to the transition from the state of eden to the state of fall. He mainly describes the condition of the man fallen in this state. These heroes are marked by the obsession of an original sin, by the fallen nature and by the concupiscence. What is very important, it is the presence of the grace. We can find in these novels many miraculous elements to convert the heroes, and the divine grace appears often under the mask of the mentors. To save the fallen soul in the state of fall and to protect the natural innocence against the force of the original sin, Prevost insists on the instruction given by the mentors. Therefore, we can find in his novels, the call of the nature marked by the original sin and the call of the grace
Pillot, Michel. "Etude des fonctions quotient grâce aux convergences et aux hyperespaces." Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOS041.
Full textGheeraert, Tony. "Port-Royal et la poe͏̈sie : le chant de la grâce." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999VERS1004.
Full textChaussard, Guilain. "La perte, l'exil et la grâce : esthétiques de Terrence Malick." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Est, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021PESC2004.
Full textGrounded in an aesthetic approach, this thesis plans to enlighten the cinema of Terrence Malick in its various aspects, showing how the meaning of the work and the references it mobilizes are always worked on by the filmmaker in strictly filmic terms that require a close reading of the image and its tensions with the sound element. It links Malick’s films to a plurality of sources (philosophical, theological, literary, pictorial, musical and filmic), that draw essentially from a Platonic and Christian tradition, without being exclusive of oriental sensibility (which is, to a lesser extent, part of Malick’s heritage), or even atheistic philosophy. Opening with a first section devoted to metaphysics in The Thin Red Line, The Tree of Life and Voyage of Time, the thesis then seeks to shed light on the moral dimension of the work according to a three-step trajectory, inspired by the Bible and which invariably repeats itself from The Thin Red Line to A Hidden Life: Loss, Exile, and Grace
Ghițeanu, Serenela. "La grâce et la chute dans l'œuvre romanesque de Sylvie Germain." Lorient, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LORIL154.
Full textSylvie Germain’s novels are written by a writer-thinker, being based on the Judeo-Christian tradition. Evil and the search for God are the two themes privileged by this author who does not write thesis novels, but wonders and thinks about profoundly metaphysical issues in her fiction works. Our approach is thematic, being influenced by mythocriticism and narratology. We have chosen to analyze the figures of « Grace » and « Fall » as the two poles of significance organizing the universe of Sylvie Germain’s novels. In our opinion, « Grace » is synonymous with Christian values- such as goodness, generosity, unconditional love, forgiveness, patience, faith in God, while « Fall » means moral decay in all its forms-lack of love, betrayal, lack of constraint leading to murder, incest and insanity. The three parts of our work are devoted to the epic novel, the family novel and the initiation novel. Sylvie Germain draws on the imaginary of popular literature and revisits the myths (especially the biblical ones), uses narratological structures, but at the same time she innovates in each of the above-mentioned types of novel. Her work, which is in full bloom, proposes a view upon human condition interesting for any reader because of its issues which are, after all, ethical
De, Vigouroux d’Arvieu Émilie. "Nature et grâce chez saint Thomas d’Aquin : l’homme capable de Dieu." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEP062.
Full textLubac’s publishing Surnaturel in 1946, accusing all the Thomists of unfaithfulness to the master about the issue of the connection between nature and grace, triggered a controversy, until his demonstration seemed to establish itself. Yet since 2000, we have witnessed a fresh outbreak of studies trying to contradict his theory and to restore the interpretation prevailing since Cajetan. To deal with the issue again, the only method was a complete and chronological perusal of Thomas’s work. This enables to establish that, according to Thomas : 1. man’s natural capacity for grace is not an obedential potency; 2. there is a natural and innate appetite of the intellect for this vision ; 3. consequently, it cannot consider any other ultimate end or beatitude apart from the vision of the divine essence ; 4. nevertheless this one remains free as natural faculties are unable to reach it. Beyond the polemic, the point is to see how consistent the relations between nature and grace are, in concrete man, first in the state of innocence, then in the state bearing the marks of original sin, by investigating the consequences of original sin and the restoration brought by Christ’s grace, before studying their extension into the interface between faith and reason. One can thus appreciate the originality of Aquinas’ anthropology, which gives nature a depth it did not have with Augustine, but includes Aristotle only by radically reinterpreting him in light of revelation
Roman, Jean. "Détection et analyse électrique de nanoparticules grâce à un nanopore solide et intégration microfluidique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLE020/document.
Full textNanopore-based electrical analysis is a relatively new technique for the analysis of nanoparticles and chemical compounds at the single molecule scale. A nanometric pore is placed in an ultra-thin insulating membrane. We can then measure the electrical resistance of the pore. When a particle goes near the pore, this resistance increases transiently, thus yielding information on the passing nanoparticle. The applications of such a technique range from virus detection to DNA or other polymers sequencing. Solid-state nanopores are a growing competitor to the more developed proteic nanopores showing better adaptability and robustness. This thesis discuss the microfluidic integration of solid-state nanopores as well as the surface enhancement to permit their use
Labbé, Éric. "Polémique sur le droit de grâce, 1789-1791 : fondements éthiques et politiques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25116/25116.pdf.
Full textJégou, Arnaud. "Réseaux sociaux implicites et explicites, exploiter leur puissance grâce à la décentralisation." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S069/document.
Full textContent personalization became an important functionality on the Internet, as it helps users to filter out uninteresting content. These systems collect a lot of data to provide accurate recommendations. This implies that the users loose control over their data, which causes a problem of privacy. Peer-to-peer (P2P) systems offer an interesting alternative to centralized services. In these systems, each user is responsible for her own data and control which ones are used by the system. Nevertheless, these systems solve only partially the privacy issue as, in general, all users of the system can access the data of the other users. In addition, it is difficult to know the true identity of users, and thus it is difficult to trust them. Thus is a problem in a context such as an online marketplace, such as eBay. In a P2P context, it is difficult to ensure that a user is really who she says she is, and that she will do her part of the job. Despites these weaknesses, we believe that P2P is the best way to solve the privacy issue. It is however necessary to improve P2P systems in order to better protect the users data and increase the trust between users. In this thesis we present four contributions going in that direction. The first one, TAPS, provides users with an estimation of the trustworthiness of other users based on information extracted from a social network, as well as a path linking the two users in this network. For example, TAPS will inform a user, Bob, that another user, Carol, is the sister of a colleague of his wife, Alice. Thus, Bob knows the identity of Carole and knows if he can trust her. The second one, PTAPS, is an alternative version of TAPS preserving the users' privacy. In TAPS, users provide the system with their list of friends. In PTAPS this information is hidden and only accessible by the user's friends. The third one, FreeRec, is a personalization system ensuring the users' anonymity. Privacy issues in P2P systems are mainly caused by the fact that it is possible to associate the action of a user with her identity. A solution is to hide the user's identity to the other users. FreeRec provides recommendations while ensuring users's anonymity thanks to onion routing. The last contribution, DPPC, is an algorithm hiding users' data in a recommendation system. Users data can contain precise information about the user. It has been showed that these data are sometimes enough to discover the user's true identity. DPPC hides these data while allowing the user to receive recommendations
Mendiboure, Jean-Michel. "L'écriture et la grâce : lecture des aphorismes et des essais de José Bergamín (1923-1936)." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040204.
Full textThe aphorisms and essays published by José Bergamín between 1923 and 1936 form a coherent though uncommon collection of writings. The author's reflection is structured around four main themes: bullfighting, art and literature criticism, politics, and above all, the religious question which encompasses them all and gives this work its overall meaning. Founded on a dialectical principle that informs both Bergamín's reasoning and writing, this work may be interpreted as an "apology in progress" through which the author invites the reader to discover the fleeting presence of divine grace in language
Bigeon, Christine. "Choix d'orientation, genre et télévision : Devenir footballeuse ou maïeuticien grâce à la télévision ?" Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00738838.
Full textFernandez-Lacôte, Hélène. "Les procès du cardinal de Richelieu : droit, grâce et politique sous Louis le Juste." Paris 8, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA082597.
Full textCouture, Camille. "Étude de la guérison des plaies cornéennes grâce à la cornée reconstruite par génie tissulaire." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27112.
Full textLa cornée est la couche la plus antérieure de l'oeil et sa transparence permet de laisser passer les ondes lumineuses vers la rétine. Cependant, la localisation de la cornée la prédispose à des blessures chimiques et mécaniques. La guérison des blessures cornéennes est un mécanisme complexe faisant intervenir la mort cellulaire, la migration, la prolifération, la différenciation et le remodelage de la matrice extracellulaire (MEC). Dans cette étude, nous avons utilisé la cornée humaine reconstruite par génie tissulaire composée d’un épithélium et d’un stroma afin d’étudier les mécanismes cellulaires et moléculaires de la guérison des plaies, en particulier le remodelage de la MEC exercé par les métalloprotéinases matricielles (MMPs). Les analyses en profilage génique sur biopuces à ADN nous ont permis de démontrer que l’expression de plusieurs gènes était dérégulée lors de la guérison des plaies dans notre modèle. L’expression des gènes codant pour les MMPs, tel que confirmée en qPCR, est augmentée dans l’épithélium migrant afin de recouvrir la plaie. Les analyses en zymographie sur gel ont démontré que les MMPs étaient converties en leur forme enzymatiquement active au fur et à mesure que la lésion se referme. Par ailleurs, nous avons démontré que l’expression des MMPs par les cellules épithéliales est influencée par la présence des fibroblastes dans le stroma ainsi que par leur sécrétion d’une MEC enrichie en collagènes. De plus, les analyses en spectrométrie de masse ont confirmé que la présence d’un épithélium stratifié est requise pour la synthèse et l’organisation adéquate de la MEC. Enfin, les résultats de ces travaux améliorent nos connaissances des mécanismes cellulaires et moléculaires qui modulent la guérison des plaies cornéennes et pourront certainement mener à des progrès en clinique, notamment au niveau du développement de thérapies visant à traiter les troubles de la cornée.
The cornea is located at the outer surface of the eye and its transparency is required to allow light transmission to the retina. However, because of its location, the cornea is subjected to chemical and mechanical injuries. Corneal wound healing is a complex mechanism involving many processes such as cell death, migration, proliferation, differentiation and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. In the present study, we used a tissue-engineered, two-layers (epithelium and stroma) human cornea as a biomaterial to study both the cellular and molecular mechanisms of wound healing, more specifically the ECM remodeling exerted by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Gene profiling on microarrays revealed important alterations in the pattern of genes expressed by tissue-engineered corneas in response to wound healing. Expression of many MMPs-encoding genes was shown by microarray and qPCR analyses to increase in the migrating epithelium of wounded corneas. Many of these enzymes were converted into their enzymatically active form as wound closure proceeded. In addition, expression of MMPs by human corneal epithelial cells was affected both by the stromal fibroblasts and the collagen-enriched ECM they produce. Most of all, results from mass spectrometry analyses provided evidence that a fully stratified epithelium is required for proper synthesis and organization of the ECM on which the epithelial cells adhere. This study will improve our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that modulate human corneal wound healing by exploiting a new, innovative 3D reconstructed tissue much closer to the native cornea. It is likely that our study will lead to the development of novel therapies for the treatment of many corneal disorders.
Noorzadeh, Saman. "Extraction de l'ECG du foetus et de ses caractéristiques grâce à la multi-modalité." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAT135/document.
Full textFetal health must be carefully monitored during pregnancy to detect early fetal cardiac diseases, and provide appropriate treatment. Technological development allows a monitoring during pregnancy using the non-invasive fetal electrocardiogram (ECG). Noninvasive fetal ECG is a method not only to detect fetal heart rate, but also to analyze the morphology of fetal ECG, which is now limited to analysis of the invasive ECG during delivery. However, the noninvasive fetal ECG recorded from the mother's abdomen is contaminated with several noise sources among which the maternal ECG is the most prominent.In the present study, the problem of noninvasive fetal ECG extraction is tackled using multi-modality. Beside ECG signal, this approach benefits from the Phonocardiogram (PCG) signal as another signal modality, which can provide complementary information about the fetal ECG.A general method for quasi-periodic signal analysis and modeling is first described and its application to ECG denoising and fetal ECG extraction is explained. Considering the difficulties caused by the synchronization of the two modalities, the event detection in the quasi-periodic signals is also studied which can be specified to the detection of the R-peaks in the ECG signal.The method considers both clinical and signal processing aspects of the application on ECG and PCG signals. These signals are introduced and their characteristics are explained. Then, using PCG signal as the reference, the Gaussian process modeling is employed to provide the possibility of flexible models as nonlinear estimations. The method also tries to facilitate the practical implementation of the device by using the less possible number of channels and also by using only 1-bit reference signal.The method is tested on synthetic data and also on real data that is recorded to provide a synchronous multi-modal data set.Since a standard agreement for the acquisition of these modalities is not yet taken into much consideration, the factors which influence the signals in recording procedure are introduced and their difficulties and effects are investigated.The results show that the multi-modal approach is efficient in the detection of R-peaks and so in the extraction of fetal heart rate, and it also provides the results about the morphology of fetal ECG
Boyé, Catherine. "L'homicide involontaire aux XVIIIe et XIXe siècles, d'après la jurisprudence conservée aux archives départementales de Meurthe et Moselle." Nancy 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN20021.
Full textAn analytical study on the offence of manslaughter has been done in order to outline the differences which appeared in this field between the XVIIIth century and the XIXth century. Firstly, as to the concept itself, it was particularly difficult to define a distinction between murder and manslaughter during the XVIIIth century. The main differences lied in the fault committed by the defendant. Thus, in the case of manslaughter it was considered that the offence was involuntarily committed. In the XIXth century, the institution of the code penal has changed drastically the current criminal system of this time. Indeed, the offence of manslaughter has been defined by the article 319 of the code penal, which provided also its regulation. Concerning the criminal procedure applied to manslaughter during the XVIIIth century, it is relevant to study the code Leopold, and more generally the ordonnance de 1670. As it was difficult for the courts to make a distinction between the notions of murder and manslaughter, a common procedure was started. Then, in a case of manslaughter, the procedure was characterized by a "letter of remission", which ended the procedure. In the XIXth century, both the code penal and the code d'instruction criminelle disrupted the system. The procedure applied has become far less strict for the defendant; it was more structured and respectful of the rights of the defence. Finally, as to the sanctions, an obvious evolution appeared between the XVIIIth century and the XIXth century. The penalty pronounced during the ancient regime was extremely severe, whereas alleviation was noticed during the XIXth century. The evolution of the moral standards, and of the society, dealt the lawmaker to take into consideration new principles for the elaboration of the code penal
Lafif, Mohamed Selim. "Personnage et rapports interpersonnels dans "Le Coup de grâce", "Mémoires d'Hadrien" et "L'Œuvre au Noir" de Marguerite Yourcenar." Thesis, Tours, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOUR2031.
Full textWe have founded our analysis on the existence of a special conception of the character in our corpus, encourage the recourse to the Character theory in the singular reading. Our corpus is justified by the seminal choice of these three works: Coup de grâce (1939), Mémoires d'Hadrien (1951) and L'Œuvre au Noir (1968),that were introduced during three bygone periods of time considered to be three turning points in History: The Baltic wars, The Greek Roman empire and The Renaissance Century. We approach these works through a textual proceeding that takes the work as a starting point to end up with a character study. Our reflection will take as a support Philippe Hamon's fundamental book: Le Personnel du roman, which uses Greimas' grid and distinguishes three levels of description while pinpointing the conditions of knowledge, power and goodwill. We find it relevant to apply this grid of analysis to the notions conveyed by the characters in Youcenar's works
Filion, Marie-Claude. "Élaboration et validation de contenu de grilles d'observation grâce à la technique Delphi et à l'observation de terrain." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/46486.
Full textMéasson, Ludovic. "L'efficacité territoriale et l'évaluation. Penser le déploiement spatial du politique grâce au programme européen LEADER." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00280488.
Full textLa notion de territoire repose sur l'idée qu'il existe des systèmes politiques situés. L'efficacité renvoie à la recherche d'une meilleure rationalisation de l'action politique visant à sa légitimation dans l'espace public.
Ce couple fonctionne sur un postulat historique, en France au moins, que la territorialisation accroît l'efficacité. Or, la plupart des analyses montrent que sa vérification n'est pas évidente.
Nous avons cherché à comprendre les raisons de ce décalage entre le postulat et les faits en explorant de manière approfondie les territoires de projet LEADER (programme européen de développement territorial) des Monts du Lyonnais et du Massif de Chambaran (Rhône-Alpes, France).
Ce travail a permis de dégager deux enseignements fondamentaux sur le déploiement spatial du politique.
D'abord, la spatialité politique, c'est-à-dire ce que les acteurs politiques font avec l'espace, est soumise à deux logiques contradictoires : l'efficacité des politiques (l'adéquation problème / solution) et l'efficacité politique (la construction de la possibilité d'agir). Dans cette perspective, la construction des espaces politiques est à envisager comme une articulation de ces deux dimensions de l'action politique.
Ensuite, cette articulation est territorialement différenciée, ce qui exclut de la définir a priori. Elle répond à la nécessité pour les acteurs politiques de gérer la complexification de l'action publique territoriale à l'origine de deux types d'incertitude : l'incertitude verticale (relations entre niveaux territoriaux) et l'incertitude horizontale (processus de différenciation territoriale).
Ainsi, l'étude des territoires de projet met à jour une nouvelle espèce de territoire politique, l'espace-tampon, qui rend possible et ordonne la co-existence de ces différentes dimensions de l'action publique territoriale. En ce sens, l'efficacité territoriale doit être pensée comme une capacité des systèmes politiques à articuler des logiques contradictoires.
Au final, ces apports académiques nourrissent la réflexion sur l'évaluation des politiques territoriales et permettent de dessiner les pistes pour une amélioration de son utilité.
D'une part, ils invitent à dépasser l'approche évaluative classique fondée sur l'intégration politique de l'espace. D'autre part, ils permettent de poser les bases d'une grammaire de la spatialité politique, qui reste à élaborer, dont l'évaluation pourrait se saisir afin d'informer plus en profondeur la territorialisation de l'action publique.
Meyrignac, Olivier. "Etude de l'hémodynamique des fluides portaux et systémiques grâce à la mécanique des fluides numérique." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30344.
Full textThe thesis work is in three parts. The first part of the work concerns the comparison of the CFD simulation data from the Yales2bio solver to the measurement results of the 4D MRI sequences. Our CFD model exploited morphological data from 3D MRI for geometric modeling and velocimetry data of 2D phase contrast MRI (PC-MRI) sequences to define boundary conditions for modeling. We compared spatial distributions and local values ??of velocities obtained with these two methods of measurement. In addition, we evaluated the influence of geometric modeling resolution on velocity simulation. We noticed a qualitative and quantitative agreement with a high level of correlation between MRI and CFD data. The second part deals with portal hypertension. During this work, we have been able to develop an optimized protocol for azygous flow measurements as part of a preparatory work for a clinical study. In addition, we have developed a model based on the CFD of portal hypertension in silico, accounting for the increase of pressures during the increase of intrahepatic resistance. Finally, in the third part, CFD was used to find new prognostic factors for the evolution of small abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). For this work, we used data from a multicenter and prospective study. We included 78 AAA patients from September 2012 to June 2014. Patients had two separate CT examinations at one-year intervals to evaluate aneurysm growth. Fifty patients in these patients were eligible for CFD-based analysis. Based on a threshold of 10 ml of total volume growth, we classified the 50 patients into two so-called slow growth and fast growing groups. The initial morphological and functional parameters of the aneurysms were analyzed, including: maximum diameter, maximum section area, thrombus and lumen volumes, maximum wall pressure, and wall shear forces (WSS) . There was a significant difference between the two groups regarding aneurysmal lumen volume (P = 0.0051) and mean WSS variation (P = 0.0240) in contrast to maximal diameter (P = 0.71). ). We found a significant correlation of growth of aneurysm volume with volume of light and reduction of mean WSS (R = 0.47, P = 0.0015 and R = -0, respectively). 42, P = 0.0062) and total growth of aneurysm volume. Combining these parameters, we developed a prediction model for rapid AAA growth that had better area under the ROC curve than the single maximum diameter measure (0.78 vs. 0.52, P = 0.0031 ). Depending on the threshold used, our model gives either excellent sensitivity (95.0% [95% CI 75.1, 99.9]) or specificity (90.0% [95% CI 73.5, 97.9] ). We were able to demonstrate that the combined light volume and WSS analysis provides better information than the maximum diameter for assessing the risk of rapid AAA volume growth
Delmaire, Christine. "Exploration in vivo grâce à l'IRM des atteintes fonctionnelles, morphologiques et microstructurelles dans la dystonie." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066595.
Full textDystonia is a movement disorder whose pathophysiology is not fully understood. To date, conventional MR imaging was unsuccessful in showing structural abnormality in primary dystonia. New recent imaging techniques, such as voxel based morphometry (VBM) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), can be utilized to explore more precisely the pathophysiology of dystonia. In this work, we used several MRI methods to investigate the pathophysiology of dystonia. We used fMRI to determine whether the selectivity of neuronal representation of basal ganglia neurons was altered in the putamen of patients with focal hand dystonia before and after rehabilitation. Using voxel-based morphometry and DTI, we tested the hypothesis that structural or microstructural changes occur in the sensorimotor basal ganglia - cortical circuit in primary focal hand dystonia. Lastly, we combined structural imaging and fiber tracking to determine the functionnal territory of the basal ganglia that is damaged in post stroke dystonia. Overall, our results show that cortico striatal thalamo cerebellar sensorimotor circuit is likely to play a fundamental role in the pathophysiology of the dystonia
L'Étang, Gerry. "La grâce, le sacrifice et l'oracle : de l'Inde à la Martinique, les avatars de l'hindouisme." Antilles-Guyane, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AGUY0026.
Full textThis study is meant to analyse the transformations in hinduism in martinique, from its beginning in the second half on the 19th century to the present day. This research is based on change and continuity in hinduism transplanted from india into a creole society. That is to say in a context caracterise by the process of assimilation, mixing and the synthesis of cultural traits from different ethnic groups. But it goes without saying that to study religion one must study the people who make up this religion. The history of hinduism in martinique cannot be put into prospective without taking into account the evolution ot the indian community and the relationship with the people already in martinique globaly. As since the indian arrival, they has been a constant interaction with the host society. Even when the indian community is rejected, the host community transformes them, and in retour the indians influence the host community. To sume up, this study is meant to evaluate the aculturation that the hindus had to under go in their path from one society to the other, to take into account the phenomenon of resistance and their cultural adaptability in their everyday life in the community. In order to find and to analyse the process of continuity, loss, selection, borrowing and reinterpretation working on the religion in question
Fonteneau, Cécile. "Synthèse et propriétés de polymères supramoléculaires associés par liaisons hydrogène grâce à des motifs urées." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066506.
Full textSupramolecular polymers bearing hydrogen bonding moieties have been synthesized in order to study their rheological properties and structure. Supramolecular polyacrylates have been obtained thanks to controlled free radical polymerization (ATRP). Bi-functionals ATRP initiators bearing urea functions able to self assemble by hydrogen bonds have been synthesized. The number of urea functions and the spacer between them are used to tune the strength of association of the moieties. These initiators were used for the polymerization of different acrylates with success. The polymerizations are well controlled for a large range of molar masses (3000 to 100000 g/mol). The post-functionalization of polyisobutene by the same hydrogen bonding moieties resulted in a new type of supramolecular polymers. For both types of polymer, measurements in solution and in bulk have shown an unusual behavior for such polymers. The most associative moieties are able to induce the formation of long and rigid objects in apolar solvents. In bulk they form a supramolecular network which is responsible of an elastic behavior of the polymer. This behavior is correlated to the detection of a structure at the nanometric scale
Schroetter, Ilane. "La formation et l'évolution des galaxies grâce à la spectroscopie 3D : le rôle des vents." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30012/document.
Full textThe Λ-CDM model is one of the most resounding triumphs of modern cosmology. Yet, even though it is immensely successful at explaining the dark matter dominated large scale structures, it fails, sometimes dramatically, when the complex physics of baryonic matter comes into play. In particular, one of the major remaining discrepancies is between the observed and predicted baryonic densities of the dark matter halos of galaxies both in the high mass and low mass regimes (e.g. Behroozi et al., 2013b). Theoretical models predict much more mass than is actually observed, leading to the conclusion that there are mechanisms at play ejecting part of the baryonic matter reservoir from galaxies and therefore affecting their evolution. In other words, if we want to understand the evolution of galaxies, it is essential to understand precisely how galaxies lose a fraction of their baryonic matter. For low mass galaxies, a key part of the solution lies on supernovae-driven outflows (Dekel & Silk, 1986). Not only can such outflows efficiently expel gas and metals from galactic disks, enriching the inter-galactic medium (Oppenheimer et al., 2010), they are also observed in almost every star-forming galaxy (Veilleux et al., 2005a), making them an important part of the matter cycle of galaxies in general. Our incomplete knowledge of scaling relations between galaxies and the properties of their outflowing material, such as between the star formation rate (SFR) and the ejected mass rate Mout, limits our ability to produce accurate numerical simulations of galaxy evolution. The objective of this thesis is to quantify galactic wind properties using background quasars and 3D spectroscopy. In order to achieve our goal, we use large data sets from several instruments (SDSS, LRIS at Keck, SINFONI, UVES and MUSE on VLT). After developing observational strategies in order to have the largest data set possible with this technique, we increased the number of observations by 1 order of magnitude which resulted in better constraints on the outflowing materials for the low mass galaxies
Pic, Alain. "Augustin et Cicéron dans le "De civitate Dei V,9 : l'athéisme et la question de la prédestination et de la grâce." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR20063.
Full textBeuf, Aurélien. "Optimisation de l'hybridation des puces à ADN grâce au mélange par advection chaotique." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00524716.
Full textBravin, Frédérique. "ÉTUDE DU MÉTABOLISME ET DU TRANSPORT DE COMPOSÉS EXOGÈNES GRÂCE À L'ENRICHISSEMENT ISOTOPIQUE UNIFORME AU 13C." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00352986.
Full textLeurent, Fabien. "Modélisation du trafic, des déplacements sur un réseau et de l'accessibilité aux activités grâce au transport." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00348286.
Full textUne telle modélisation comporte quatre aspects : un contenu sémantique, à caractère physique ou économique ; une formulation mathématique ; un solveur technique ; un aspect empirique (métrologie, statistique, économétrie).
Les disciplines mises en œuvre sont variées : théorie des réseaux, optimisation, informatique algorithmique, probabilités et statistiques, et aussi économie, socio-économie et physique du trafic. Mes contributions théoriques concernent la théorie des réseaux, l'économie du transport et la physique du trafic.
Mes travaux se répartissent en quatre thèmes :
A. La mesure et la modélisation du trafic. Au niveau local d'une route, j'ai analysé la relation entre flux et vitesse en mettant en cohérence l'analyse désagrégée, probabiliste au niveau du mobile individuel ; et l'analyse macroscopique en termes de flux et de distribution statistique des temps.
B. La modélisation des réseaux et des cheminements. L'équilibre entre offre de transport et demande de déplacement conjugue une dimension spatiale - topologique, une dimension temporelle, et une dimension comportementale - économique. Les enjeux de modélisation concernent : la représentation de l'offre et la demande ; la formulation et les propriétés d'existence – unicité – stabilité ; les algorithmes. Je me suis intéressé à la diversité des comportements ; et à la modélisation fine de l'offre et à la dimension temporelle.
C. L'analyse socio-économique des déplacements. Je me suis intéressé à l'usage de divers moyens de transport et à la prospection de leur clientèle potentielle ; au choix d'horaire de déplacement ; aux caractéristiques à la fois économiques et dynamiques de la congestion.
D. La distribution spatiale des déplacements et des activités. Je me suis intéressé d'une part à l'observation des flux par relation origine-destination (O-D) et à l'inférence statistique des matrices O-D ; et d'autre part, à la justification microéconomique des déplacements en raison de la localisation et de l'utilité des activités.
Douaud, Gwenaëlle. "Exploration in vivo des atteintes morphologiques et microstructurelles dans la maladie de Huntington grâce à l'IRM." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112038.
Full textCzesnakowska, Ada. "Développement d'une source de lumière blanche grâce au couplage d'une diode laser et d'un luminophore adaptés." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30180/document.
Full textIn past few years InGaN-based semiconductors have attracted much more attention for application in solid-state lighting sources. Recently, their usage is constantly increasing on worldwide market. High-brightness white LEDs have been used due to their size, long life and energy saving. However, LEDs used in light sources suffer from a loss in external quantum efficiency as an operating current increases. This loss may lead to a shift in peak emission wavelength and broadening of emission spectrum. Laser diodes, in contrary to LEDs, do not suffer this loss. The output power increases linearly with injection current. Moreover, they can reach higher luminosity, for the same power, than LEDs. Additionally, laser-based devices can be operated in reflection mode, allowing for the phosphor to be placed on a reflection substrate that may also act as a heat sink to effectively dissipate heat away from the phosphor
Ruiz, Estelle. "Construction d’un châssis bactérien viable, minimal et non pathogène grâce aux outils de biologie de synthèse." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0132/document.
Full textA goal of synthetic biology is to create and produce “custom” organisms, for therapeutic and industrial applications. One of the contemplated approaches to achieve this goal is based on synthesis techniques and transplantation of whole genomes, in order to create mutant organisms.The aim of this thesis is to develop synthetic biology tools that will enable the construction of a minimal and non-pathogenic cell based on Mycoplasma pneumoniae. This bacterium is one of the smallest living organisms, with a size smaller than one micron and a genome of 816 kbp. This mycoplasma is one of the most studied, with a large set of genetic and multi- “omics” data available. These characteristics make this naturally “almost minimal” cell an ideal starting point for the construction of a bacterial chassis. Nevertheless, the genetic manipulation of this mycoplasma is difficult, due to the limited number of available tools.A recently developed approach offers the possibility to circumvent these limitations by using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a genome engineering platform for M. pneumoniae. The preliminary step to this strategy is to clone the bacterial genome in yeast. To do so, a "yeast elements" cassette is inserted into the genome of M. pneumoniae, to allow its maintenance as an artificial chromosome. The work carried out during this thesis allowed us to insert this cassette through a transposon, and to clone this marked genome in yeast. Then, the stability of the cloned genome was studied, demonstrating that the bacterial chromosome is maintained during ten passages. We then developed a new strategy for the insertion of the "yeast elements", using the CRISPR/Cas9 system to simultaneously clone and edit a mycoplasma genome in yeast: the CReasPy-Cloning. This method was used to remove three different loci containing genes involved in virulence: MPN372 (CARDS toxin), MPN142 (cytoadherence protein) and MPN400 (IgG blocking protein). This method was also used to target two and then three different loci in one step.Once in-yeast cloning and bacterial genome engineering is achieved, it is necessary to transfer the modified chromosome into a recipient cell, to produce a mutant organism. This process, called genome transplantation, is not described for M. pneumoniae, so a significant part of this thesis was dedicated to the development of this tool. We used plasmid transformation as a model mechanism to study the process of DNA entry into M. pneumoniae and to test the use of polyethylene glycol, the key reagent for transplantation. Although we succeeded in developing a plasmid transformation protocol, we have not yet been able to perform genome transplantation.Concurrently, we have developed an alternative strategy for genome editing that does not depend on transplantation. This approach, named "Genomic Transfer - Recombinase-Mediated Cassette Exchange" (GT-RMCE), is used to capture in a vector a section of the edited bacterial genome borne by the yeast. This vector is then transformed into M. pneumoniae, and through to the Cre-lox system the edited section is introduced into the genome. This mechanism allows to carry out large-scale modifications, and is currently used to introduce into M. pneumoniae the ΔMPN372, ΔMPN400 and ΔMPN372-ΔMPN400 deletions produced by CReasPy-cloning. We also used the GT-RMCE to generate a strain of M. pneumoniae carrying two copies of the S10 ribosomal operon.Overall, the M. pneumoniae genome engineering tools developed during this thesis constitute a significant step towards the construction of new bacterial chassis
Bétry, Cécile. "Potentialisation de la réponse antidépressive grâce au blocage combiné du récepteur 5-HT3 et du SERT." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10200.
Full textTherapeutic effects of current antidepressant drugs only appear after several weeks of treatment and a significant number of patients do not respond to any treatment. Thus, more effective treatments for major depression are still needed. Vortioxetine (Lu AA21004), a novel antidepressant in development, displays effective properties in human. To the difference of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), it is a multimodal serotoninergic agent. Not only does it block the 5-HT transporter but it is also a potent 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. This current study was undertaken to characterize the effects of this compound and the role of 5-HT3 blockade. Using electrophysiological, immunohistochemical, autoradiography and behavioral approaches in rats, several pre-clinical markers of antidepressant-like response were assessed. Vortioxetine increased hippocampal cell proliferation and desensitized 5-HT1A autoreceptors from 1-3 days versus 2-3 weeks for classical antidepressants. In contrast to SSRIs, it also increased 5-HT hippocampal release with an incomplete SERT occupancy. Later effects are at least partly due to 5-HT3 receptors blockade. In parallel, we also showed that the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist ondansetron potentiated the effect of the SSRI paroxetine. Taken together, our in and ex vivo findings highlight the crucial role of 5-HT3 receptor blockade in the antidepressant-like efficacy of vortioxetine. Thus, we propose that the 5-HT3 receptors are an interesting target to improve antidepressant efficacy and reduce the therapeutic delay
Lukac, Mate. "Condition humaine dans une théologie théocentrique et une psychologie béhavioriste : intersections entre libre arbitre et conditionnement." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAK011/document.
Full textMan has at all times sensed his self-importance, reaffirming his own sovereign dominion over the rest that surrounds him. Expressions of arts, unveilings of sciences, musings of philosophy, and reflections in theology announced, maintained and transmitted anthropocentric conception. Any serious attempt to question it would meet a stern reprimand. The experiences of the radical behaviorism in psychology and in a protestant realm of a theocentric theology in the second half of 20th century can attest to its effect. The present study aims to restate the facts as they were originally intended. Largely, around two main protagonists, James Gustafson in theology and B.F. Skinner in psychology, it is shown how in the crossroad circulation the inherently porous notions of free will and of conditioning can convey a mutual correction with a reciprocal enhancement
Normand, Daniel. "Grâce à trois, Revue de presse : 9 septembre 1996 ; Transformations vernales : oeuvres musicales." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq33726.pdf.
Full textMeyer, Julie. "Les mesures de grâce dans l'histoire du droit répressif romain : réflexion sur les rapports entre la peine, la politique et la religion." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100141.
Full textThe purpose of this study is to define what was the grace as a concept for the Romans, what it implied from an antique perspective but also to find what consequential effects it still has on nowadays laws and our conceiving of the idea of power, in which it is still a key concept. Understanding the origins of grace in Roman institutions is particularly relevant, since as far back as the Republic era, the Roman lawmakers implemented many different kinds of remission. The imperial regime, concentrating all powers in the hands of a single person, had finally defined the ultimate stage of grace laws. If in the Republic times, remissions were used as political tools and thus were very common, it nevertheless evolved during the Empire and became a root of legitimacy and an attribute to the Emperor's power, up to the Christian era with which the concept of gratia is going to become key word
Magnan, Laure. "Développement, par ingénierie tissulaire, d’un substitut vasculaire entièrement biologique et humain grâce à l’utilisation d’une approche textile." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0284.
Full textWhen autologous blood vessels are not available for bypass surgery, synthetic grafts are used but display high failure rates. Indeed, despite their good mechanical properties, their synthetic surface lead to thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia, which cause poor long-term patency in many applications. Using tissue engineering, completely biological and human vascular grafts have been produced by rolling sheets of extracellular matrix synthesized by dermal human fibroblasts in vitro. Using a new assembly technique based on a textile approach, grafts were produced three-time faster. To do so, sheets were cut into yarns to construct vascular substitute by weaving. This manuscript includes three articles. The first one aimed at showing the rich composition of the matrix, describing the organization of its complex network of collagens and demonstrating that the devitalization by drying the matrix did not significantly affect this organization. The second one described the mechanical properties of the yarns depending on the twisting, matrix age or different treatments useful for the manufacturing process. It also demonstrated some of the assembly techniques possible with this human yarn, as well as its possible use as a suture or to build a vascular graft. The third article showed the survival of the yarns subcutaneously implanted for 6 month in nude rats. The implants created little inflammatory response, were mildly remodeled and kept a significant mechanical strength. Decellularization did not show results improvement compared to the simple devitalization, demonstrating that the remaining cellular fragments were not a meaningful activator of the innate immune system. To conclude, this thesis is the first demonstration of the production of human textiles, without using any exogenous material and that are mechanically very strong. Both the devitalization and the textile approach have allowed to create a simpler allogeneic model, faster and cheaper but with an intact potential of integration in vivo, that will be studied very soon with a long-term implantation of the textile in the bloodstream
Sanchez, Claire. "Le récepteur CCK2 dans les cancers : ciblage diagnostique et thérapeutique grâce à la vectorisation de nanoparticules magnétiques." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1999/.
Full textThe CCK2 receptor belongs to the family of seven transmembrane domain G protein coupled receptors. From a physiological point of view, the CCK2 receptor exerts a central role in digestion regulation, and also acts on the central nervous system. From a pathological point of view, it was reported to be involved in digestive cancer development and overexpressed in neuroendocrine tumors. CCK2R is a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target of these cancers. Firstly, we searched for receptor variants in tumors overexpressing CCK2R. We discovered a new splice variant of the CCK2R deleted of exon 2 and coding for a putative five-transmembrane domain receptor. Ectopic expression cells revealed that this variant lacks biological activity due to its sequestration in the endoplasmic reticulum. When co-expressed with the intact CCK2R, this variant diminished membrane density of the CCK2R and CCK2R-mediated activity, acting as a dominant negative on membrane density of the wild-type receptor. Secondly, we developed CCK2R positive neuroendocrine tumor targeting with magnetic nanoparticles. We grafted a synthetic replicate of the CCK2R ligand, gastrin, on the nanoparticles. Targeted nanoparticles uptake is receptor dependant, and requires involvement of beta-arrestine 2, clathrine and dynamine. We demonstrated that the nanoparticle did not modify ligand internalization in cells, but changes the kinetic of CCK2R intracellular trafic. Tumor accumulation of the targeted nanoparticles was assessed in vivo in mouse bearing tumor xenografts overexpressing CCK2R. Finally, we collaborated on a project demonstrating that another G protein coupled receptor, the GIP receptor (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide) was overexpressed in neuroendocrine tumors with a high density and incidence. Interestingly this receptor was detected in most somatostatin receptor-negative tumors. These results underlined a likely role of GIPR in tumoral carcinogenesis, and potential target for clinical applications in particular for in vivo scintigraphy and targeted radiotherapy
Djidi, Dalila. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nouveaux réseaux polymériques thermoréversibles à base d'acide poly-lactique grâce aux interactions dynamiques." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STET4010/document.
Full textIn the current context to constantly improve the properties of polymer materials as well as their environmental impact, the research on polymers is increasingly focused on biobased and biodegradable polymers. The aim of this work consists on the synthesis and development of new polylactic acid-based thermoreversible networks. This thermoreversible character is ensured thanks to dynamic interactions such as hydrogen bonds and the reversible Diels-Alder reaction. In a second time, a biomolecule was conjugated to the polymer and was used as a hydrogen bonds generator. This allowed the production of a wide range of materials with varied reversibility temperatures and unique properties such as self-healing ability. For some samples, the reversibility temperatures were approaching the human body temperature
St-Jean, Samuel. "Acquisitions d'IRM de diffusion à haute résolution spatiale : nouvelles perspectives grâce au débruitage spatialement adaptatif et angulaire." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6993.
Full textBlond, Pascale. "Conception, réalisation et développement de biosenseurs par spectroscopie infrarouge grâce à de nouveaux calix[4]arènes fonctionnalisés." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2021. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/331632/4/Table.pdf.
Full textAbstractBiosensors are widely used in many fields, especially in that of medical diagnosis. They allow the detection, quantification and characterization of often protein biomarkers.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is an optical transducer particularly well suited, for example for the detection of amyloidosis. These are diseases (like Alzheimer's disease, prion and Parkinson's disease) characterized by the aggregation and accumulation of proteins that change their conformation. In this context, the study of conformations, thanks to the FTIR spectroscopy, which distinguishes the secondary structures of the proteins investigated, is important to follow the evolution of those diseases.Our project therefore consisted in developing a new interface for biosensors using the IR spectroscopy, based on an innovative strategy: the grafting of calixarenes. Indeed, the chemical functionalization of the support material still remains one of the main challenges for thedevelopment of biosensors, the performance of the device directly depending on it. We chose to develop the biosensor on germanium, because that element is an ideal support material for analysis by FTIR spectroscopy. Here is in a few lines a reminder of the path that allowed me tocarry out this project.A. Characterization of grafted calixarenes by IR spectroscopyThe functionalization of surfaces via the covalent grafting of calix[4]arenes on various supports was carried out in our laboratory. Different analytical techniques have been used for the characterization of the modified surfaces (electrochemistry, X-ray photoelectricspectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, ellipsometry, UV-VIS spectroscopy). The adaptability of infrared spectroscopy for the characterization of grafted calixarenes is the first verification carried out in our work. First, the IR absorbance spectra of gold nanoparticles bearingcalix[4]arenes were characterized. Then, those same calix[4]arenes, and others, were grafted onto germanium surfaces and their IR absorbance spectra were fully characterized.B. Inhibition of non-specific adsorption phenomenaThe grafting of calix[4]arenes on germanium has been validated by other analytical techniques (electrochemistry, contact angles, etc.). In order to use this innovative strategy for biodetection, it must meet certain criteria, including the inhibition of non-specific adsorptionphenomena on surfaces. A decrease in this spurious adsorption was obtained with more than 85% on germanium.C. Design of the biosensorOnce a certain number of properties (stability, nature and distribution of functional groups, etc.) had been validated, the strategy then showed its interest in the field of biodetection. A proof of concept was first performed on germanium surfaces with a model affinity couple:biotin (recognition element) and streptavidin. In parallel, this same strategy was used for a recognition of L-tyrosinamide by surfaceplasmon resonance or by a quartz crystal microbalance during a research internship in Grenoble. For both recognitions, immobilization of the receptor was mainly achieved via peptide-type coupling. Other immobilizations were carried out, in particular the bioconjugation of a thiolderivative on a calix-maleimide surface.D. Detection of biomarkers linked to Alzheimer's diseaseTo make the most of this research, the biosensor developed was used with success in an experiment directly linked to Alzheimer's disease.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Nuttens, Andréïna. "Étude des effets de l'interaction entre polluants et ressources sur Myriophyllum spicatum grâce à une approche couplant écotoxicologie et écologie chimique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0143/document.
Full textSimultaneous contamination of aquatic ecosystems by pollutants and nutrients is a major problem whose effects on macrophytes are still unknown. The objective of this thesis was to study the effects of different pollutants, herbicides and trace metal elements (TME), in combination with varying resource availability (nitrogen, phosphorus, or carbon) on Myriophyllum spicatum, using parameters from chemical ecology and ecotoxicology. Tests showed contrasting effects of herbicides, but no effects of the TME. In all cases, resource modifications (nitrate, N:P ratio or sucrose) induced significant effects on the physiology and stoichiometry of the plant, which might alter its response to additional stress like pollutants. These results suggest that an imbalance of resources in the presence of pollutants may lead to unforeseen changes in the combined effects on macrophytes, and also highlight the need to add more informative parameters in tests to meet the challenges of multiple stress and improve environmental risk assessment
Yokoyama, Yoshiji. "La grâce et l’art du comédien : conditions théoriques de l’exclusion de la danse et du chant dans le théâtre des Modernes." Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100018.
Full textAfter the Renaissance a unique theatre genre gradually developed in certain modern societies (in particular in France) which excluded singing and dancing. The aim of my study is to clarify the motivations and significance of this exclusion through an analysis of the historical development of the notion of "grace", a central concept in the modern actor's art. In sociological terms, my conclusion is simple: an actor in modern theatre refrained from dancing and singing because his mode) was the Roman orator, not ancient Roman actors who sang and danced. The Roman notion of gratia represented the orator's body, which strived to be as far removed as possible from that of professionals of physical techniques. The ideology of Roman rhetoric made its way into the modern actor's art through theatrical practices that were carried out in the framework of a humanist education, "reviving" ancient theatre in a totally different form. The history of the idea is more complex, however. Whereas, in the Archaic Period, the notion of grace - kharis in Greek - represented the charm of dance and song, in the later Hellenistic Period it embodied the Aristotelian critique of the spectacular. Gratia in Roman rhetoric received this paradoxical history as its legacy. "Grace" to the moderns was based on the theatrical mode) of truth established by Aristotle. In this sense, modern theatre is a vector of the Aristotelian morphology of the truth: the truth is told when the body remains Bilent
Lelong, Frédéric. "Descartes et la question de la civilité : la philosophie de l'honnête homme." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010707/document.
Full textThis work focuses on the relation between Descartes’ philosophy and the humanist themes of civility and honesty. A first step in this thesis is to philosophically reevaluate the concept of civility by focusing on its history within antiquity and humanism. Such a reevaluation bears on two main approaches: one is to demonstrate the metaphysical foundations of this notion, the other is to show the movement towards the internalization of civil norms in the conception of the virtuous soul. Our aim is then to show the presence, in Cartesian thought, of such values as gentleness, “naturel”, grace or “convenance”, which do not coincide with the common conception of rational justification, and which all trace back to the thematic field of civility. Civility is a perfection that avoids two extremes, barbarism and savagery, i. e. both the excessive violence of the norm and the violence stemming from a brute nature left to itself. On the other land, by linking Descartes’ philosophy to the question of civility, our aim is also to oppose the solipsistic conception of the Cartesian subject and to rehabilitate the dimension of exteriority within the comprehension of subjectivity. Thus, the Cartesian figure of the modern subject takes on a human and social dimension instead of referring to the ego’s hybris, while Cartesian reason gets redefined as civil and opened, not at all as authoritarian or repressive. In order to support this thesis, this work broaches certain ethical tonalities within Descartes’ discourse that do not necessarily correspond with the expression of an explicit standpoint, but which shed light upon the text’s richness and complexity