Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Et la liberté'
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Foillard, Catherine. "Liberté et libertés chez Plaute et Térence : comédie et problèmes juridiques." Paris 4, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA040123.
Full textFouquet-Armand, Maud. "Laicite et conflits de normes." Caen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CAEN0054.
Full textXu, Demin. "La liberté soufflée : liberté individuelle, liberté politique et démocratie en Chine moderne (depuis 1919)." Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080138.
Full textAccording to Benjamin Constant, individual independence is the first modern need. Nevertheless in private uses, the security appears to be essential. To achieve political liberty of each individual, representative regimes were established based on constitutional processes and the principle of separation of powers. Unlike Constant, Tocqueville defines democracy by the relationship between liberty and equality. Therefore, for both of them there’s a passage from the individual subject to the individual citizen. Nowadays, Pierre Rosanvallon argues that citizenship is more than a “debt”, but also becomes a spiritual pleasure. However, based on the two pre-cited authors, Constant and Tocqueville, and their assessment of a tradition that originates in the ideas of Montesquieu and Rousseau, we question the concepts of individual liberty and political liberty, as well as those of individualism and democracy, up to the contemporary discourses on democracy in China (since the movement of May 4th, 1919)
Jouan, De Kervenoael Alix. "SARL et liberté statutaire." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV093.
Full textIf the French SARL (limited liability company) is governed by a precise legal framework,their users benefit from appreciable areas of freedom to adapt them to specific needs. The purpose ofthis thesis is to investigate two main aspects of the statutory freedom granted to SARL: the way thiscompany can be funded and how powers are organised. Firstly, if the legislator has facilitated thecreation of SARL by reducing the financial constraint of a minimum legal share capital for a decadenow, this statutory freedom can weaken the financial basis of companies leading them to undercapitalization.In case of a share capital fixed at a nominal value, the assets can be regarded asinsufficient and the constituent elements of the partnership agreement can be questioned. The mainconsequences of this situation are possible recourse against partners and managers in terms ofresponsibility, additional guaranties demanded by the banks on their personal assets to cover company’sloans. These corporate risks finally put the SARL in contradiction with their objects. Besides, if thelegislator allows issuance of bonds and sweat equity, these legal instruments are insufficient to increasecompanies’ financial bases. Hence, couldn't specific funding methods be introduced on the basis ofstatutory freedom? Secondly, as the legal framework grants to SARL’s managers a large representationpower, statutory freedom allows to limit it and to place managers under the control of the partners. Butthis organisational freedom is itself limited by the fact that it is not enforceable against third-parties. Asa whole, if the legal system governing the SARL offers real opportunities in order to improve the rulesof organization and management, the intervention of the legislator would be appropriate in order tosolve statutory freedom’s shortcomings
Bervoets, Sebastian. "Liberté de choix et démocratie." Aix-Marseille 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX24015.
Full textJo, Minjeong. "Passion et liberté chez Colette." Nancy 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN21019.
Full textColette’s life can be compared with a way to gain concretely her freedom, and her works can summarize itself as evidence specifying the importance of the freedom. We want understand the position of Colette, who is at once late and in advance of the feminism, analyzing in Colette’s works the image of the woman, who persist in being woman to the end, and who emphasize her mental virility at the same time. The first part is dedicated to the author who, accepting to be a passive woman, dont’t loses heart fulfilling herself as a woman in love and free all her real life long. In the second part, we demonstrate that writing itself is for the author a target to reach to obtain freedom and equality, assuming her difference and restoring her femininity. From the third part, we approach subjects connected with feminine emancipation, raising the problem of conciliation of freedom and love thanks to the own woman's duality and owing to the conflict between the two sexes, and considering author's point of view on the subject of woman's sexuality and sensuality. We understand finally that all the components of the duality that oppose and substitute themselves alternately, make woman's equilibrium and give to her the strength to be a woman. Therefore, it is in androgyny that the author finds the true realization of freedom and woman's autonomy without denying man's need, and vice versa, that we show in the last part
Jeanvoine, Elizabeth. "Liberté corporelle et nécessités sociales." Nancy 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN20004.
Full textPersonal corporal freedom had considerably evolved under the influence of biology and medicine, which have made great strides. Rules of self-determination are changing. The traditional control of the judicial system emanating of political power is progressively supplanted by a control system emanating of scientific and medical authorities. Therefore, justifications to set bounds to self-determination are different
Ba, Papa Ousmane. "Montesquieu et la liberté politique." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010589.
Full textLekkas, Georgios. "Liberté et progrès chez Origène." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040154.
Full textMan's creation is brought to completion through his perfection which cannot be accomplishd without the decisive contributioin of his freedom. His rationality is due to the fact god has created him as a mirror of his presence. Man as a rational being cannot refute his rationality since the seed of word remains in force even in the soul of the worst sinner. Man is free but not ontologically independent of god, for he is always in constant relation with him, and through his free will he can always let his rationality either bear fruit or be weakened. At the end it seems origen is convinced that man's freedom, a fift of god, though not adverse to the divine providence it always acts as pedagogue towards his perfection
Yreux, Thierry. "Crédit bancaire et liberté d'entreprendre." Rennes 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987REN11027.
Full textGardère, Anne. "Coopération intercommunale et liberté communale." Lyon 3, 2006. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2006_in_gardere_a.pdf.
Full textFrench territorial administration is characterized by a very important number of villages, towns, cities. In order to forestall or to remedy the disadvantages résulting of more than 36 000 of them, french governement has chosen to promote not the merger (rejected by local authorities in the 70's) but the cooperation between these towns and cities. This goal has been reached thanks to special local institutions, named "communities", which have been enforced since 1999. They can be created freely by towns and cities themselves, but can also be imposed on them. They now get their own organization, taxes and almost specific missions, which were originally those of the traditional towns and cities. They are now very powerful and reduce traditional towns and cities autonomy. However, communities should also entail positive evolution for local administration and improve it, maybe by the removal of some of traditional villages or towns
Binayemotlagh, Saïd. "Etre et liberté chez Platon." Strasbourg 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998STR20021.
Full textThe purpose of this study is to attempt to explain the relationship between being and metaphysical liberty as conceived by plato. First, we shall study the origin of this problem, so as to prove how plato, before the stoiciens, has formed and developed the doctrine of metaphysical liberty. Then we will proceed as follows : in part one et two, will be envisaged plato's doctrine of being and the way it fits together with his conception of internal liberty. Part three studies the articulation between liberty and man's being. Part four, will examine some further texts related to the concrete research of being and liberty. In conclusion, we will show how both plato's doctrine of being and his conception of liberty are relevant to the current era
Cortés, Cuadra Juan Vicente. "Jouissance et liberté chez Spinoza." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010693.
Full textThis thesis refers to the unity of the concept of freedom in Spinoza, focusing in the three privileged objects of the philosopher: God, man and multitude. To each one belongs a certain form of freedom: metaphysical, ethical and political. Given that, in one hand, the definition of freedom (E1D7) and in the other hand the affirmation made by Spinoza, that God is the only free cause, the problem is indeed, knowing in which sense or measure man can, from the ethical and political point of view, called free. We have tried to solve the problem studying a barely or not studied at all issue of Spinoza’s theory of the affectus: the notion of fruitio (enjoyment). We started by studying the lexical field motivated by the absence of definition of the term fruitio, in order to go further with nearby terms, such as gaudium (which has two different senses in Spinoza) and the delectatio. Furthermore, we have placed these points of view of the history of philosophy in the core of the discussion where they belong: the question of fruitio in Christian medieval philosophy. Thus, we question ourselves about the main concept of Amor intellectualis Dei, which is freedom itself, starting from the idea of fruitio, and the same in both God’s and man’s domains. Finally, we showed that in politics, the unity of the concept of freedom was sustained also due to the idea of obtinentia (enjoyment). In brief, we call free the being that enjoys its constitutive power as such, because it exists and acts out of necessity
Chaibi, Ridha. "Liberté et individualité : (autour de la conception de la liberté chez John Stuart Mill)." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010599.
Full textFragnière, Augustin. "Ecologie et liberté : libéralisme versus républicanisme." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010515.
Full textThe central issue of this work is that of the relationship between environmental finiteness and individual liberty. By environmental finiteness one should understand the set of diverse ecological constraints that limit human action. These limits are of two general kinds: on the one hand the availability of natural resources, and on the other hand the carrying capacity of ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles (chapter 1). The thesis defended here is that libertarian and liberal conceptions of liberty conflict with the necessity to take such limits into account. and that a neo-Republican approach is best suited to address environmental issues. Libertarian theories, right-Wing as well as left-Wing, are in particular not able to take resource scarcity into account because they argue for an unlimited right of individuals to appropriate those resources. The liberal doctrine of neutrality, as associated with the harm principle, is unsuitable when addressing complex environ mental issues like climate change. These difficulties stern above ail from two characteristic features of libertarian and liberal doctrines : their atomistic social ontology and their conception of freedom as liberty of choice. Philip Pettit’s neo-Republicanism on the ether hand is able to address these problems thanks to its holist social ontology and its conception of liberty as non-Domination. This doctrine offers a conception of liberty compatible with environmental limits and theoretical resources able to justify demanding environmental policies
Astesiano, Lionel. "Joie et liberté chez Bergson et Spinoza." Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOL007.
Full textSantoro, Jean-Louis. "La liberté de l'information : logiques institutionnelles et logiques professionnelles au plan international : 1947-1972." Bordeaux 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR30047.
Full textIn most general terms our thesis analyzes the articulation and accumulation of individual relations and experiences which formed up a professionnal and institutional logic in the elaboration of the concept of information. The professional logic serving as an indispensable pre-requisite for the latter. Thanks to the effulgence of the international federation of newspaper editors (federation internationale des editeurs de journaux) six main agreements were reached a) the xixth article of the human rights in december 1948, b) the agreement on the free circulation of educative? scientific and cultural material in november 1950, c) the creation of the french press institute in april 1951, d) the creation of the international higher school of journalism in strasbourg in july 1957 and eventually the creation of the internaitonal association for mass communication research in december 1957 it is by considering these six achievements as components of an overall communication process that we realize how the actors of the international federation of newspaper editors have met divine afflatus of the true pioneers and how these six achievements integrate the recent cultural experience of north america and europe but equally of africa and latin america
Delvolvé, Véronique. "La liberté d'entreprendre." Paris 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA020033.
Full textChoko, Maude. "La liberté d'association au Canada et la liberté syndicale à l'OIT : synonymes?" Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111565.
Full textFevrier, Maxime. "Liberté infinitésimale et modèles matriciels déformés." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00567800.
Full textPineau, Lucie. "L'éducation et la liberté chez Kant." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9954.
Full textBouvet, Renaud. "Liberté du médecin et décision médicale." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1G021/document.
Full textThe doctor's decision-making freedom is a necessary condition of medical practice, which allows the practitioner to direct his practice to the whole interest of the patient. This must not mask the native asymmetry of the medical relationship, unbalanced by the doctor’s exclusive possession of knowledge and expertise. However, the patient’s rights limit the medical power derived from knowledge. This is according to the terms of this relationship that the doctor's decision-making freedom comes out. The decision procedure ensures its acceptability and protects the patient against its arbitrariness, via the requirements for consultation and motivation. It is considered in a plural dimension leading to a systemic decision. The content of the decision is to be analysed in terms of purpose and relevance. Its purpose is medical necessity, which, at the option of socially devoted desires recognized by the law, sees its scope expanded beyond the protection of health, with a risk of instrumentalisation of medicine. Its relevance is based on the mobilization of standardization tools whose effects are ambivalent about the decision-making freedom, and which are a preferred means of control of the merits of the decision for the judge
Angaut, Jean-Christophe. "Liberté et histoire chez Michel Bakounine." Nancy 2, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/NANCY2/doc247/2005NAN21031_1.pdf.
Full textThe purpose of this study is first to show that Bakunin's thought, as a reflection about the accomplishment of human freedom in history, is tied to the main philosophical trends of the 19th century, such as German idealism, French positivism, Marxism and scientific materialism. This study shows also that Bakunin's thought, as a libertarian theory and practice of emancipation, deals with the status of politics and with the role of national and social issues. The plan of this study takes Bakunin's works as a whole, in its diversity and its historicity. The first two parts deals with the writings which are former to Bakunin's anarchism. The third part describes the philosophy of freedom developed after 1864. The last two parts are a study of Bakunin's political project, before and after his entry into the International Workers Association
Février, Maxime. "Liberté infinitésimale et modèles matriciels déformés." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1252/.
Full textThis thesis is about Random Matrix Theory and Free Probability whose strong relation is known since the early nineties. The results mainly organize in two parts : one on infinitesimal freeness, the other on deformed matrix models. More precisely, a combinatorial theory of first order infinitesimal freeness, as introduced by Belinschi and Shlyakhtenko, is developed and generalized to higher order. We give a simple and general framework and we introduce infinitesimal non-crossing cumulant functionals, providing a characterization of infinitesimal freeness. The emphasis is put on combinatorics and on the essentially differential ideas underlying this notion. The second part carries further the study of deformations of matrix models, which has been a very active field of research these past years. The results we present are original in the sense they deal with non-necessarily finite rank deterministic Hermitian perturbations of Wigner and Wishart matrices. Moreover, these results shed light on the link between convergence of eigenvalues of deformed matrix models and free probability, particularly the subordination phenomenon related to free convolution. This link gives an illustration of the power of free probability ideas in random matrix problems
Potulny, Sandrine. "Economie normative contemporaine et liberté individuelle." Paris 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA020035.
Full textBories, Eric. "État, culture et liberté chez Hegel." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010618.
Full textRobilliard, Stéphane. "Liberté et transcendance : Nabert après Fichte." Poitiers, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997POIT5017.
Full textReboud, Valérie. "Liberté de choix, préférences et capabilité." Caen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CAEN0634.
Full textDagher, Elie. "Volonté et liberté dans les contrats." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR30003.
Full textThe liberty, recognized to individuals to make contractual obligations, is today subject to restrictions of which the number and importance have not ceased to increase. The economic and social evolution of french society has change the traditional appearance of the contract, and the private relations, under the influence of interventionist conceptions, have become an arena open to action by the legislator. This situation has allowed foreign elements to penetrate the consent of the parties concerned. Nevertheless, the development of contractual relations and substantive law has led the jurists to reconsider the exact impact of the individual's will in the contract. In this manner, the new doctrines, having a tendency to efface the final traces of voluntarism in the conception of the contract, have seen their day. These doctrines however have not been adopted by substantive law. This reality implies a need for research towards a new concept of the contract. A new reading of the civil code of 1804, free of all autonomist prejudice, shows that the editors of the code did not call for free will as a foundation to the contract. One can then conceive a theory of the contract built solely on the principle of an accord between the wills, restrictions in nature or not, of the contracting parties
Deprez, Emmanuel. "Liberté contractuelle et le droit européen." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30061.
Full textProblem drives to analyze what is European right of contract. First part searches the sources of European freedom of contract. The multiplicity of rules and practices allows seeing a defect of definition. The first chapter underlines that the autonomy of the will is relative because it is subjective and it evolves according to the balances in contract. It determines that this freedom is joined and is partly the result from the Romano-Germanic civil code. The second chapter allows noticing that the autonomy of the will is henceforth a very relative principle in international private law.Pluralism of the law involves that the contractual freedom is a notion without spring neither stable nor established. The European private international law is under construction and organized in a functional waySecond part studies the European contractual freedom from the point of view of the substantive law. This freedom is a relative principle in symbiosis with the necessities of protection of the parties of contract and necessities of the European business. It is about a subjective principle because of the European law and order (it contains the economic law and order, the lois de police and the classic international law and order), and because of principles in the European construction. The first chapter draws the frame and the general structure of the European contractual freedom. It participates in the business and owes respect the essential principles of the Union in the direction of objective right-law (freedom of establishment, just competition, commercial equality); it is characterized by the European principal development and by the commercial practice. Second chapter notes that the freedom is integrated into the European Union. It is functional and finds balance by corresponding with the law and order to the subjective direction (protection of the weakest parties and the fundamental rights)
Tourigny, Nicole. "Femme et mère : démocratie et liberté de l'avortement." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0006/MQ32559.pdf.
Full textFournier, Luc A. "Internet et démocratie : accès, contrôle et liberté d'expression." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0034/MQ38748.pdf.
Full textLapointe, Marie-Anne. "Mme de Staël et Chateaubriand : censure et liberté." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2008. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1819/1/030080306.pdf.
Full textIgersheim, Herrade. "Liberté et choix social : contribution à l'analyse de la liberté en économie normative." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2004/IGERSHEIM_Herrade_2004.pdf.
Full textWhich concept of freedom should we use in a theory of distributive justice or, more simply, when a redistribution policy is decided? How, in the particular context of social choice theory, public actions should be determined in order to guarantee to the members of a society this concept of freedom? These are the questions we wish to answer in our study, which is divided in two parts: the first one explains our operational and synthetical concept of freedom. In our second part, we apply this concept of freedom to a particular context: the social choice theory. Elaborating a operational concept of freedom brings in the pairs freedom of the ancients / freedom of the moderns, negative freedom / positive freedom and individual responsibility. The necessity to overcome the opposition between freedom of the ancients and freedom of the moderns is strongly underlined by Rawls after Hegel. We consider then an other pair of freedoms: the pair negative freedom / positive freedom. The concept of capability which reflects it is integrated in our synthetical concept of freedom. However it will be complete only by integrating the notion of individual responsbility. A comparative analysis of Roemer’s and Sen’s approaches stresses how Roemer’s approach extends Sen’s capability by introducing some components apt to reflect individual responsibility. This concept of freedom is then used in the second part of the study in order to find some possibility results to the impossibility theorems caused by invasive preferences and elaborated in the social-choice-theoretic framework, in particular the impossibility of a Paretian liberal and Gibbard’s paradox. Finally, a Preference Modification Mechanism is elaborated: it selects and launders invasive preferences consistent with the values of the society
Pech, Laurent. "La liberté d'expression et sa limitation : étude de droit comparé : Allemagne, Etats-Unis, France et Convention européenne des droits de l'homme." Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX32044.
Full textThe issue of limiting freedom of expression presents, in fact, the issue of accomodating this right and determining appropriate limits. To that effect, common practice generally admits to opposing the "European" concept of freedom of expression - authorizing a more balanced approach to the rights or stakes in question - to the more absolute concept proper to the U. S. This postulate deserves to be demonstrated. Constitutional texts have been found to be diverse in their declarations of the right to freedom of expression. But freedom of expression can never be exercised in absolute terms, nor prevail upon other rights or interests. All interference with the exercise of this right must nevertheless respect a certain number of conditions in order to be judged as valid. Most certainly, these conditions are subject to be implemented on differential basis. .
Makaya, Makaya Rodrigue. "Liberté et universalité dans la philosophie de Kant." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON30084/document.
Full textLiberty and universality are criteria of morality ; they are grounded in reason and admitnothing relative. In this study, relativism is put into question as being at the origin of today’smoral crisis. More to the point, this school of thought raises a doubt about the unity ofreason, and therefore the liberty and universality for mankind. In this perspective, the thesisconfronts relativism to the Kantian philosophy, which puts forward the concepts of ‘freedom’and ‘universality’ as fundamental in understanding morality that is timeless and goes beyondthe scope of any experience. In fact, we understand better Kant's premise which consists inputting forward the principle of party autonomy as the unique and universal criteria ofmorality (to mankind) and in disapproving all moral doctrines which are based, for example,on culture, religion or personal happiness. From a Kantian point of view, one cannot derivemorality from the latters
Beveraggi, Hervé. "La liberté spéculative chez Descartes et Spinoza." Aix-Marseille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX10068.
Full textThe problem of freedom of thought in general, and more particulary in front of truth, which can be called speculative truth, does not find a satisfying explanation with descartes and spinoza, the representatives of the efforts from reasoning reason to include the problem of freedom of thought in a system of rationality. Both philosophers include it inside different ontologies, confront it to theories of truth which are different as well. For, speculative truth indeed, manifests itself in front of the couple truth - error : falsehood prevents it, it a source of constraint, truth only provides the highest feeling of freedom for descartes, or is merely synonymous with freedom for spinoza. But, on the other hand, it seems impossible for us to speak about freedom if we connot refuse what is true, if it necessarily asserts itself into us. If descartes manages to safeguard the experience of free - will while affirming the possibility for the individual to think of whatever he wants, and to think whatever he wants about a true idea, it is then at the expenses of contradictions inner to his system as far as the following relationships are concerned : freedom - transparency of thought, freedom - truth, freedom - divine conscience. Spinoza avoids these contradictions by refusing free - will, from the systematic criticism of its foundations, but affirms a free necessity wich is no longer really a freedom, consisting in an inner necessity of the mathematical type, and assigns it in a third genre of knowledge, inaccessible in the end
Camara, André. "Les pouvoirs de la police administrative et les libertés individuelles : la liberté d'aller et venir et la vie privée." Grenoble 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE21034.
Full textLavau, Céline. "Liberté d'expression contre liberté de religion : la problématique du respect des sentiments religieux." Toulouse 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU10001.
Full textTwo fundamental freedoms, the freedom of expression and the freedom of religion, apparently complementary can reveal to be contradictory and thus lead to confrontation. Those who publicly express their opinions shall not do it beyond certain limits. The law allows followers of aknowledged religions (whether monotheistic or polytheistic) to defend themselves against the most serious offenses. To face an often unclear legal might and an unavoidably subjective topic, the judge, as the "guardian of freedoms", does not have an easy task. Additionnaly, attempts toward conciliation (that is, search for a balance) have not enabled to solve all the conflicts generated by the confrontation and they continue to generate violently destructive passions. The problem is exacerbated by community groups, which with an unclear purpose and confusing political and economical position have been feeding off religious beliefs. As a result, the trend has been to seek solutions upstream to preserve a Freedom of speech and avoid conflicting situations
Stenger, Gerhardt. "Nature et liberté chez Diderot après l'Encyclopédie." Montpellier 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON30009.
Full textAs well as making a distinction, in the salon de 1767, between phenomenal and ideal nature, diderot, in the reve d'alembert, contrasts the "ordre subsistant" with the one of the "tout". Rejecting the mechanistic model of science, he puts forward a fluid and relational model of nature. The universe seems ordered and predetermined only because man projects onto the external realm of nature the preconceptions inherent in his rationalist system. Diderot introduced into nature the idea of a complex causality, which renders its evolution undetermined. Man does not act like a puppet, he is a "tout" who is self-determining. Man does gives also up the morale universelle based on the equation virtue=beneficence=happiness. The only virtue he recognizes is justice, based on property. Diderot pleads in favour of a society which protects property and in which the individual is free to increase his wealth according to natural equity. If a nation is not free, revolution becomes inevitable. Diderot proposes that the wise man can transgress the law to do good, but in public his faultless behaviour has to serve as a model for his fellow-citizens. Free of any attachment, the exercise of justice confers supreme happiness
Ekogha, Thierry. "Liberté et création chez Nicolas Berdiaev et Louis Lavelle." Dijon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DIJOL005.
Full textEssafi, Mohamed Ali. "Liberté de choix : Incertitude, Diversité et Interdépendance." Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN0709.
Full textThe integration of freedom in normative economics is a milestone in the search for an objective measure of individual well-being. This normative concern apprehends individual freedom through the formalism of opportunity sets. Its main concern is how to classify these sets in a way that reflects the significance of the statement "offers at least as much freedom of choice”. Pattanaik and Xu proposed to express this normative intuition by Cardinal criterion. But the cardinal ranking has been criticized extensively, particularly from Sen. First, the independence axiom is sensitive to the diversity of options in the opportunity sets. This has motivated us to propose the expected entropy as a measure of diversity in the classical framework and the star entropy in the fuzzy frame. The other criticism is that addressed to the indifference between no-choice situations and the monotony axiom. These axioms seem to overlook the value of a significant choice. In this perspective, we propose to develop and implement a concept of freedom regarding the explicit consideration, both in measurements of individual liberty and their aggregation into a collective ranking of interactions that link individuals with each other. It seems the concept of moral and social freedom that has brought our choice. Then, we had to deepen the specific content of this concept by inquiring it into the conditions of possibility of aggregation through a meta-rankings game
Agoras, Konstantinos. "Personne et liberté, ou "être comme communion"." Paris 4, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA040198.
Full textThe purpose of the research involves finding a theological structure, that of John Zizioulas, a contemporary orthodox theologian, and the articulation of a thought system which identifies being as a communion event starting from the Eucharistic location in theology. The research is committed to the historical approach of the question Hellenism Christianity and to the notions of personal hypostasis and of "agapetic" freedom in the Greek patristic tradition. Moreover, the research tackles the hermeneutic circle "god-being" and "created uncreated" in order to propose a new theological entry into the ontology of the created and into Christian anthropology, with an eschatological perspective
Tavieaux-Moro, Nicolas. "Le juge civil et la liberté d'expression." Toulouse 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU10047.
Full textVassaux, Joëlle. "Liberté individuelle et devoirs personnels des époux." Lille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL20003.
Full textThis thesis is a reflection on marriage, through the study of personal duties between husbands and wives. Which matrimonial obligations are laid upon married life? Aren't they obstacles to individual freedom, which would mean they would be a restraint on marriage ? As married people, husbands and wives have to obey some rather constraining duties : legal duties (sharing the same house, faithfulness, mutual help) and duties created by magistrature (conjugal rights, giving birth, mutual agreement). On the contrary, married people's activities are generally based on freedom. Not everything is permitted. But, at work as in spare time, married people can be rather autonomous. This harmonious balance : duties freedom is specific to marriage as a protective structure for the individual. For the institution, marriage is the means, not perhaps of its regeneration, but at least of its survival
Chevalier, Sébastien. "Refus d'un acte médical et liberté individuelle." Thesis, Angers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ANGE0088.
Full textThe right to refuse a medical act, a corollary of the principle of consent to care, reflects the expression of individual freedoms and respect for the physical integrity of individuals. However, the affirmation of this right does not appear to be self-evident: it amounts to admitting the deterioration of a person’s health whereas the purpose of medicine is to achieve the healing of a patient. Moreover, like all fundamental rights and freedoms, nuisance to others is a limit to the application of the right to refuse a medical act. If temperaments are provided for, the limitations of the said right are susceptible of degrees: failure to comply with the legislative provisions relating to compulsory vaccinations results in the prohibition of access to the public school service and exposes the offender to criminal sanctions. In this case, the physical integrity of individuals is not affected since there is no possibility of forced injection. On the other hand, the principle of consent to care is called into question in two cases. On the one hand, when the patient’s vital prognosis is at stake, interventions can be given by force; this applies to blood transfusions intended for a Jehovah’s Witness patient. On the other hand, the right to refuse a medical procedure can disappear when people suffering from mental disorders are hospitalized without consent. However, strengthened safeguards have recently been put in place: new procedural rules that are more protective of fundamental freedoms are being applied and the judicial wall is more efficient. Consequently, restrictions on the exercise of the right to refuse a medical act are justified in the name of safeguarding public order, the definition of which is extensive
Lamy, Bertrand de. "La liberté d'opinion et le droit pénal." Toulouse 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU10045.
Full textFreedom of thought is fundamental in a democratic system as the existence of many other freedoms depends on it. In france, it appeared thanks to the "declaration des droits de l'homme et du citoyen" in 1789, and nowadays, its respect is particularly guaranted by the european court of humain's rights which makes a jurisprudence that underlines the importance of this freedom and makes its outlines clearer. This freedom, which is valuable for every citizen, is also essential for the working of the parliament and of the juridictions which are institutions base on the principle of freedom of discussion; that's why the law enacted some immunities which can help people avoid the offences they could have committed because of their talk. We're going to take an interest in this freedom and its meeting with criminal law which is meant to punish the abuses that could be committed during the practice of this freedom, so as to scan the way the offences which are in touch with this field have been developping, and to see, in the end of the 20 th century, how does the balance between this freedom and the limits established by criminal law is being created
Yon, Jean-Claude. "Eugène Scribe : La fortune et la liberté." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010506.
Full textThis dissertation recounts the life and career of Eugène Scribe (1791-1861), the french author whose 425 plays were the most performed of any in 19th century France and Europe. The examination of scribe's private papers, in particular his correspondence of 2500 letters as well as other archival and published sources, enabled the writting of a precise biography (family origins, way of life, friendships). The author emphazises scribe's wealth as he played a decisive role in the history of literary property. The study of the reception of his work which incorporates bourgeois values testifies to the fact that scribe's production as much as the romantic repertoire tried to adapte dramatic literature to the new society born out of the french revolution. As a result of the fact that it was shown in official theaters like the comedie-francaise and the opera and in secondary theaters like the gymnase (created for his repertoire), in addition to his success in four distinct genres (comedy, vaudeville, opera and comic opera), scribe revealed the crumbling hierarchy of theaters and genres supported the system of privileges invented by louis xiv and restored by napoleon. He was a precursor to the freeing of the theaters decreed in 1864. This dissertation includes substantial appendices : a chronology, numerous illustrations of Scribe's work and fortune an iconography, texts, a biographical dictionary of 230 entries, scribe's personal journal, hitherto unknown (reproduced in its entirety, etc. This study of a famous figure of the theater world transcends a mere biography : its represents a contribution to the knowledge of 19th century france and europe
Poisson, Muriel. "Accès à l'information et transparence ciblée dans le secteur éducatif : les cas de la Colombie, de l'Ouganda et du Bangladesh." Amiens, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AMIE0006.
Full textBourgault, Julie. "L'articulation entre la liberté d'entreprendre et la liberté d'association dans les cas de restructurations d'entreprises." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27045.
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