Academic literature on the topic 'Et la morale'
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Journal articles on the topic "Et la morale"
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Tremblay, Yves. "Morale et moral." Bulletin d'histoire politique 13, no. 2 (2005): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1055042ar.
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NUROCK, Vanessa. "L'enfance morale: développement moral et éducation morale." Revue Philosophique de Louvain 105, no. 1 (May 31, 2007): 132–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/rpl.105.1.2020260.
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Bailey, Christiane. "Le double sens de la communauté morale : la considérabilité morale et l’agentivité morale des autres animaux." Les ateliers de l'éthique 9, no. 3 (March 12, 2015): 31–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1029059ar.
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Distinguant deux sens de « communauté morale », cet article soutient que certains animaux appartiennent à la communauté morale dans les deux sens : (1) ils sont des patients moraux dignes de considération morale directe et équivalente, mais également (2) des agents moraux au sens où ils sont capables de reconnaître, d’assumer et d’adresser aux autres des exigences minimales de bonne conduite et de savoir-vivre. Au moyen de la notion d’« attitudes réactives » développée par Peter F. Strawson, je soutiens que les animaux sociaux qui sont à la fois objets et sujets d’attitudes réactives forment des communautés morales au second sens, dans la mesure où ils se traitent mutuellement comme des individus ayant des obligations et tenus à des exigences de bonne volonté minimale dans leurs interactions interpersonnelles. Distinguant l’agentivité morale du raisonnement moral, je soutiens que la capacité de raisonner abstraitement sur les principes et les conséquences de nos actions nous imposent plus de responsabilités que n’en ont d’autres animaux, mais que cela ne fait pas nécessairement de nous des agents moraux plus compétents que d’autres animaux sociaux. Je termine en donnant un aperçu de quelques implications de ce changement de perspective en éthique animale.
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Nurock, Vanessa. "Intuition morale et morale naïve." L'Année sociologique 54, no. 2 (2004): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/anso.042.0435.
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Drèze, Jacques H. "Espérance morale avec risque moral." L'Actualité économique 63, no. 2-3 (January 27, 2009): 40–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/601409ar.
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RésuméLe terme « risque moral » est utilisé ici pour désigner les situations où un décideur unique choisit simultanément un « acte » (au sens de la théorie des jeux contre la nature, telle que développée notamment par L.J. Savage) et une « stratégie », non observable, susceptible d’influencer le cours des événements. Dans les nombreuses applications de la théorie de la décision à des situations de risque moral, onsupposeque, pour chaque acte, le décideur choisit, dans un ensemble donné, la stratégie qui maximise l’espérance d’utilité. Les choix entre les actes reflètent alors les espérances d’utilité associées à ces stratégies optimales. On obtient ici une justification axiomatique de cette représentation, en affaiblissant l’axiome appelé « Inversion d’ordre » par Anscombe et Aumann. Aux termes de cet axiome, quand une épreuve aléatoire décide de l’acte qui prévaudra, il doit être indifférent pour le décideur que l’épreuve aléatoire soit conduite avant ou après que l’on observe l’état du monde. L’affaiblissement consiste à stipuler au contraire que le décideur nepréfère jamaisstrictement que l’épreuve aléatoire soit conduiteaprèsobservation de l’état du mondeplutôt qu’avant(i.e. la valeur de l’information est non négative). Conjointement avec les autres axiomes habituels, cet affaiblissement conduit à un théorème d’espérance morale généralisé : il existe un ensemble (convexe fermé) de probabilitésPsur les états du monde, et une utilité sur les conséquences, tels que les préférences entre les actes reflètent les maxima par rapport àPdes espérances d’utilité.
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Flavigny, Christian. "Bioéthique et morale." Champ psychosomatique 55, no. 3 (2009): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/cpsy.055.0009.
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Todorov, Tzvetan. "Art et Morale." Bulletin de la Classe des lettres et des sciences morales et politiques 21, no. 1 (2010): 219–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/barb.2010.23990.
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Dumas, André. "Morale et procréation." Autres Temps. Les cahiers du christianisme social 14, no. 1 (1987): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/chris.1987.1157.
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Seligmann, Fran�oise. "Morale et politique." Apr�s-demain N�8,NF, no. 4 (2008): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/apdem.008.0003.
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Merks, Karl Wilhelm. "Morale et religion." Revue d'éthique et de théologie morale 248, no. 1 (2008): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/retm.248.0023.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Et la morale"
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YANG, MYUNGSU. "Le fondement de la morale et l'utopisme de la technique ( morale ideologique et morale utopique )." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991STR20003.
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L'utopie est une ethique, l'etique est une utopie. Le fondement de la morale est liee a l'utopie. C'est clair dans la tradition biblique. D'abord le personnalisme chretien. La moralite est a chercher dans la reponse a l'autrui, mieux a l'appel de christ qui integre l'appel d'autrui. La, le systeme des valeurs base sur le principe universel n'est pas possible. C'est le moment vital anterieur a l'identite du "pour soi" transcendantal, le moment anarchique prive de tout arche * l'utopie (u-topos). Et puis la tradition de la demythologization est une desacralisation de la nature et de l'histoire. Ni arche, ni telos, dieu nous invite a un monde autre. Ni juif, ni grec, l'identite chretienne detruit l'identite sacree ontologique et s'arrache a l'enracinement, aux superstitions du lieu. C'est la que l'homme est la condition de dieu. Le seul espoir de l'homme est l'humain. A cette esprit de la desacralisation joint la technique. Plus qu'outil ou machine, la technique apporte la possibilite d'etre autrement, la culture. Au-dela de l'horizon soteriologique, la technique est une technique de l'humain qui humanise ce qui est etranger a l'homme, en vertu de la conjonction eschatologique du "autrem:ent qu'etre" (novum) et du referentiel eschatique (eschaton)The utopia is an ethic, the ethic is an utopia. The foundation of the morality is bound up with utopia. That is clear in the biblical tradition. Firstly the christian personalism. The morality is to be found in the response to the other person, or to the call of christ who integrate all of others. Here, the system of values founded on the universal principle is not possible. That is the prime moment of the life previous to the identity of the transcendental "for me", the anarchical moment far from any arche : l'u-topia (u-topos). Then, the tradition of the damythologization. The demythologization is the descralizeation on the nature and the history. Neither arche, nor telos, god invite us to the new world. Neither jew, nor greek, the chistian identity destroies the sacral and ontological identity ; she goes against superstitions of the place. It is here that the man is the condition of god. The hope of the man is the humain. To this spirit of demuthologization joint the technique. Beyond the soteriological horzon, the technique humanize the man because of the eschatological conjunction of "otherly than to be" (novum) and the eschatic referent (eschaton)
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Billier, Jean-Cassien. "Libéralisme et rationalité morale." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040116.
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Intimement lié au libéralisme politique, le libéralisme moral consiste à tenter de définir les principes d’une morale publique minimale rendant possible la garantie des désaccords moraux sur les conceptions du Bien. Il ne peut avoir de sens que de façon radicalement anti-perfectionniste, c’est-à-dire en refusant de comporter lui-même le moindre élément apparenté à une conception quelconque du Bien. Les fondations anciennes du libéralisme à partir des concepts d’autonomie et d’individualisme sont donc devenues impropres à justifier la neutralité axiologique idéale de la sphère publique. Ni l’autonomie ni l’individualisme ne font en effet partie des valeurs non-controversées que recherchent les libéraux anti-perfectionnistes contemporains. La justification et l’application des deux principes fondamentaux du libéralisme anti-perfectionniste, celui de la « non-nuisance » à autrui et celui de la « considération égale » apportée à chaque être humain, supposent d’une part un enracinement dans la culture politique démocratique et libérale qui s’est développée depuis environ deux siècles et d’autre part une reconnaissance de l’hétérogénéité des sources de nos délibérations morales qui sont définitivement faillibles dès qu’elles sortent de la tâche de fondation de ces mêmes principes par auto-compréhension de la communauté libérale. Le libéralisme moral anti-perfectionniste est ainsi opposé à tout relativisme moral tout en refusant également l’idée selon laquelle on peut découvrir un principe moral absolu et infaillible capable de résoudre nos dilemmes moraux : il ne propose qu’une morale publique qui n’ambitionne pas de répondre à l’ensemble des interrogations qui habitent nos vies morales personnellesMoral liberalism, which is intimately linked to political liberalism, consists in trying to define the principles of a minimal public morality which makes moral disagreements on conceptions of Good possible. The only way it can have any meaning is by being radically anti-perfectionist, that is, by refusing to contain in itself the least element akin to any conception of Good. The former foundations of liberalism based on the concepts of autonomy and individualism have therefore become inappropriate in justifying the ideal moral neutrality of the public sphere. Neither autonomy nor individualism belong to the uncontroversial values sought after by contemporary anti-perfectionist liberals. The justification and application of the two fundamental principles of anti-perfectionist liberalism, that of to do no harm to others and that of equal respect for each human being, depend, on the one hand, on our moral beliefs being rooted in the liberal and democratic political culture that has developed over the past two centuries and, on the other, on the recognition of the heterogeneity of the sources of our moral deliberations which are completely fallible as soon as they abandon their fucntion of founding those same principles through the understanding internal to the liberal community. Anti-perfectionist moral liberalism is thus opposed to all moral relativism while, at the same time, rejecting the idea that an absolute and infallible moral principle capable of solving all our moral dilemmas could be discovered. All it has to offer is a public morality which does not seek to answer all the questionings which haunt our personal moral experience
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Chareire, Isabelle. "Ethique et théologalité." Lyon 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO31008.
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Prenant comme point de depart la critique nietzscheenne du christianisme ayant degenere en morale ce travail prend la mesure de cette analyse pour montrer que sa perninence est conjoncturelle, et non point structurelle (1er ch. ). Le dieu chretien n'est pas reductible au seul dieu de la moralite : l'ancien testament (2e ch. ) et le nouveau testament (3e ch. ) attestent de la gratuite de l'amour du dieu de l'alliance et du dieu chretien. S'inscrivant dans la ligne d'une ethique teleologique, la these degage les grandes lignes de l'ethique aristotelicienne (4e ch. ). Et analyse l'articulation operee par p. Ricoeur, dans "soi-meme comme un autre", entre les moments deontologique (morale kantienne) et teleologique (ethique) (5e ch. ). Le detour par thomas d'aquin permet d'introduire la dimension theologale de l'ethique chretienne (6e ch. ). A partir des concepts elabores par p. Ricoeur, la troisieme partie articule morale, ethique et theologalite. Loi et desir sont penses en lien avec la regle d'or (7e ch. ); la revalorisation de l'heteronomie par p. Ricoeur offre une nouvelle perspective pour penser la grace, et les notions d'attestation conviction, d'imputabilite, de responsabilite et de reconnaissance permettent de penser l'identite du sujet ethique chretien (8e ch. ). Enfin, l'ethique est pensee selon une dialectique entre agir et desir d'etre qui ouvre a la dimension ontologique et debouche sur une perspective eschatologique (9e ch. ). L'ensemble du travail est traverse par une reflexion sur le lien et l'ecart entre demarche philosophique et demarche theologiqueThe starting point of this work is the nietzschean criticism of christianity in the sense that it has degenerated into moral doctrine. This work shows that this criticism is relevant as regards some historical achievements of christianity but not as regards the fundemental nature of christianity (ch. I). The christian god is not the god of morality : the old testament and the new testament attest that the love of the christian god is of a free, spontaneous, disinterested nature (ch. Ii and iii). This thesis comes within the framework of teleological ethics : it brings out the main ideas of the aristotelean ethics and analyses the link made by p. Ricoeur, in "soi-meme comme un autre", between deontological and teleological dimensions. Thomas d'aquin is a means to introduce the theological dimensions of ethics (ch. Iv, v, vi). The third part uses the concepts developed by p. Ricoeur so as to link together the moral, ethical and theological dimensions. The golden rule is a determining element which enables to understand the link between law and human wish (ch. Vii). The reevaluation of heteronomy by p. Ricoeur allows to conceive grace; then notions of attestation conviction, imputability, responsibility and recognition enable to seize the identity of the christian ethical subject (ch. Viii). In chapter 9, ethics is thought of in terms of a dialectical movement between acting and the desire of being : this dialectic opens onto ontological and eschatological dimensions. The whole work is an analysis on philosophical and theological approaches
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Gaziaux, Éric. "Morale de la foi et morale autonome : confrontation entre P. Delhaye et J. Fuchs /." Louvain : [Paris] : Leuven University press : Peeters ; Peeters France, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36162641b.
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Th. de doctorat--Louvain-la-Neuve--Université catholique, 1994. Titre de soutenance : L'évolution de la référence au droit naturel dans l'œuvre théologique de Mgr Philippe Delhaye.Bibliogr. p. 523-540. Index.
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Bayet, Albert Isambert François-André. "Le suicide et la morale /." Paris : l'Harmattan, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41106107x.
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Saïd, Jaleleddine. "Morale et éthique chez Spinoza /." Tunis : Université de Tunis I, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35770766k.
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Pézieu, Gérard. "Garde nationale, morale et intégration." Reims, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1995REIML010.
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Partant du constat que, parmi les grands problèmes que rencontre notre société, deux d'entre eux, - l'exclusion qui vise non seulement les chomeurs de longue durée, mais aussi les jeunes français, et parmi eux ceux d'origine maghrébine tout singulièrement, d'une part, - et l'évolution du nouveau contexte géostratégique qui remet en cause la posture de notre défense nationale, et tout particulièrement sa composante civile ainsi que la défense opérationnelle du territoire -, nous avons cherché à mettre en évidence comment, il y a deux siècles, la garde nationale avait pu mobiliser le peuple, tout en participant au prosélytisme pour les idées nouvelles, comme a la satisfaction d'un besoin sécuritaire. Jugeant de l'apport considérable de cette institution <
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Mangiarotti, Marco. "Responsabilité, fortune morale et causalité physique." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040046.
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Ma thèse développe le problème de la compatibilité de responsabilité morale et des thèses causales (déterminisme et indéterminisme.) Ce problème est traité en analysant l’importance supposée de deux conditions de la responsabilité: le pouvoir d’agir autrement et le contrôle sur les sources causales du comportement. La condition de possibilités alternatives est envisagée en faisant référence aux exemples à la Frankfurt, tandis que la condition de la source est supportée par les exemples de manipulation. Mon analyse refuse ces deux conditions. L’examen des œuvres de P.F. Strawson et de J. Feinberg montre, à mon avis, qu’il est impossible de définir les conditions de la responsabilité sans prendre position dans le champ de l’éthique normative. Ainsi, j’en viens à analyser la notion d’obligation morale, et je propose finalement un approche contractualiste, basé sur la théorie de T.M. ScanlonMy thesis develops the problem of the compatibility between moral responsibility and the physical causation of human decisions. This problem is dealt with the supposed relevance of two different conditions of responsibility: the power to choose otherwise and the control over the source of behaviour. The alternative-possibilities condition is examined by reference to the Frankfurt-type examples, while the source-condition is supported by the manipulation examples. My analysis rejects both of those argumentations. The examination of P.F. Strawson’s and J. Feinberg’s works show, in my opinion, that it is impossible to define the conditions of responsibility without embracing some sort of normative ethical theory. So I came to analyse the notion of moral obligation and finally I propose a contractualist approach, based on the works by T.M. Scanlon
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Beys, Kostas E. Vogin Fabienne. "Le problème du droit et des valeurs morales : l'aventure humaine, entre le bien et le mal /." Paris ; Budapest ; Torino : l'Harmattan, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb391898224.
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Kim, Hyangmi. "La morale baudelairienne." Paris 4, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA040137.
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Etudier la morale baudelairienne, c'est représenter la morale personnelle de Baudelaire à travers ses sentiments, ses idées poétiques et "philosophiques". Baudelaire possède une indomptable volonté de vivre dans l'univers idéal. « Le gout de l'infini », le sentiment spontané de la beauté le poussent à surmonter les sombres circonstances de sa vie ; cet instinct de "passer outre" contient un germe qui peut se transformer en lumière, un facteur de beauté morale. En somme, la substance de la vie chez Baudelaire se traduit par le devoir que doit remplir l'esprit exceptionnel dans le monde quotidien, en d'autres termes par le dévouement pour l'humanité, c'est-à-dire par l'art. L'idée principal de la morale baudelairienne, qui s'exprime par la charité, par la fraternité, n'est pas une morale prêcheuse ni pédante par son ton didactique, mais "une morale inspirée qui se glisse, invisible, dans la matière poétique"To study Baudelaire’s morals is to represent the personal morals of Baudelaire through his sentiments, his poetic and "philosophic" ideas. Baudelaire possesses an indomitable volition to live in the ideal universe. "The taste for the infinity", the spontaneous sentiment for the beauty push him to surmount the adverse circumstances of his life; this instinct of "pass over" contain a germ which can be transformed into the light, a factor of the moral beauty. In short, the substance of Baudelaire’s life is translated by the duty that the exceptional spirit in the quotidian world must perform, in other words, by the devotion for the humanity, namely, by the art. The principal idea of Baudelaire' morals, which is expressed by the charity, by the brotherliness, is neither preachified, nor pedantic by the didactic tone, but "the inspired morals which is imbibed, invisible, in the poetic material"
Books on the topic "Et la morale"
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Habermas, Jürgen. Morale et communication: Conscience morale et activité communicationnelle. Paris: Éditions du Cerf, 1986.
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Zundel, Maurice. Morale et mystique. [Sainte-Foy, Québec]: Éditions A. Sigier, 1986.
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Université, de droit d'économie et de sciences sociales de Paris Institut de criminologie. Morale et criminalité. [La Ferté-Saint-Aubin]: Archer, 1999.
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Kremer-Marietti, Angèle. Morale et politique: Court traité de l'action morale et politique. Paris: Editions Kimé, 1995.
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Benamozegh, Elia. Morale juive et morale chrétienne: Examen comparatif. Paris: In press, 2000.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Et la morale"
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Baubérot, Jean. "Laïcité et morale." In Sitten und Sittlichkeit im 19. Jahrhundert/Les Morales au XIXe siècle, 13–34. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-04184-5_2.
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Gateau, Valérie, and Anne Fagot-Largeault. "Médecine et philosophie morale (1990–2010)." In Ethics or Moral Philosophy, 195–216. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6895-6_14.
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Unschuld, Paul U. "Les nouveaux agents pathogènes et la morale." In Approches occidentales et orientales de la guérison, 59–64. Paris: Springer Paris, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0330-2_19.
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Unschuld, Paul U. "La morale et le respect des lois." In Approches occidentales et orientales de la guérison, 17–21. Paris: Springer Paris, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0330-2_5.
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Baumard, Nicolas, and Coralie Chevallier. "Morale et compassion." In La Morale, 44–45. Éditions Sciences Humaines, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/sh.journ.2012.01.0044.
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Lopes, Helena. "Éthique et morale." In Dictionnaire des conventions, 117–21. Presses universitaires du Septentrion, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.septentrion.14418.
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Berthoud, Arnaud. "Morale et économie." In Dictionnaire des conventions, 186–89. Presses universitaires du Septentrion, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.septentrion.14452.
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Thomas, Ward. "Entre l’éthique et la force." In La Morale, 189–95. Éditions Sciences Humaines, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/sh.journ.2012.01.0189.
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Molinier, Pascale. "Le « care » : ambivalences et indécences." In La Morale, 207–13. Éditions Sciences Humaines, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/sh.journ.2012.01.0207.
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"Nécessité morale." In Mussolini socialiste : littérature et religion, 367–71. ENS Éditions, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.enseditions.13976.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Et la morale"
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Carcassonne, M., M. Froment, and N. Salagnac. "Reprises et modifications des explications dun conte moral par des enfants de cinq ans." In Congrès Mondial de Linguistique Française 2008. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/cmlf08121.
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Vérézubova, Ekatérina. "Le champ lexical de l’eau et son imaginaire dans les cultures française et russe (étude comparative)." In XXV Coloquio AFUE. Palabras e imaginarios del agua. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/xxvcoloquioafue.2016.3792.
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La présente recherche porte sur l’étude comparative des aspects socioculturels de l’emploi des mots liés au champ lexical de l’eau en français et en russe. Nous partons de la représentation de la langue-culture comme d’un continu permettant de relever les particularités de la vision du monde des sujets parlants à travers les connotations et les emplois des mots dans des contextes différents. Ce sont les aspects affectif, imagé, mais aussi l’aspect évocateur, ou « de milieu » que nous avons choisi comme points de repère dans notre recherche. Nous utilisons dans notre démarche les données de dictionnaires et procédons à l’analyse des proverbes, dictons, expressions imagées et des contes français et russes pour découvrir les particularités du monde imaginaire, des associations nationales dans les langues-cultures respectives (il s’agit de la convergence totale, partielle ou absence de convergence de l’image. Cette étude devrait être complétée par l’emploi terminologique des mots et expressions du champ lexical de l’eau qui sont, dans la langue française, très souvent formés par la voie métaphorique (vive-eau, morte-eau signifiant la marée montante ou descendante, eau morte et eau vive renvoyant à l’eau stagnante ou l’eau qui coule), alors que la langue russe préfère réserver l’image au langage de la littérature (eau vive et morte dans les contes russes). De plus, les mots appartenant au champ lexical de l’eau sont largement employés en français dans la sphère de finances (verser, versement, liquidités, flux financiers, etc.) et, moins largement, en russe (sous forme d’emprunts, calques le plus souvent). Ces investigations de termes « aquatiques » dans les deux langues permettront de relever les nuances de leur emploi et de leurs connotations dont la connaissance est d’une grande importance pour les traducteurs.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/XXVColloqueAFUE.2016.3792
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Kalniņa, Aija. "Ar divvērtīgā mangāna joniem aktivēta magnija germanāta materiāla ilgspīdošā luminiscence." In LU Studentu zinātniskā konference "Mundus et". LU Akadēmiskais apgāds, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/lu.szk.2.rk.09.
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In the course of study, 10 different MgGeO3:Mn2+ samples with different manganese 2+ ion concentrations were synthesized: 0 mol%, 0.1 mol%, 0.25 mol%, 0.5 mol%, 0.75 mol%, 1 mol%, 1.5 mol%, 2 mol%, 5 mol% and 10 mol%. The samples emit a good luminescence in the red spectrum diapason and can be excited by ultraviolet radiation and X-rays. Samples can shine for up to more than 10 hours after excitation. X-ray diffraction, excitation spectra, luminescence spectra, afterglow spectra, extinction kinetics and thermostimulated luminescence were measured for samples. The obtained results provide the basis for assessing the processes taking place in the materials and the effect that the concentration of admixture ions has on the luminescence. Perhaps in the future it will be possible to use magnesium germanate in medical diagnostic equipment, yielding a further improved insight into the human body. In this case, the results of the study will be useful for medical application.
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Ruska, Rihards, Baiba Bērziņa, and Laima Trinklere. "AlN:Eu keramiku spektrālās īpašības un luminiscences mehānismi." In LU Studentu zinātniskā konference "Mundus et". LU Akadēmiskais apgāds, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/lu.szk.2.rk.14.
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The current study was dedicated to exploring luminescence of AlN ceramics with europium admixture (AlN:Eu). Photoluminescence as well as its excitation spectra, taken at wide spectral intervals, at different temperatures and environments (vacuum and air), were used to study the optical properties of the material.AlN:Eu ceramics were dominated by the well-known red and green luminescence of Eu ions, around 530 nm and 600 nm, which could be excited by both visible and UV light. In ceramics with a higher Eu content, more intense luminosity of the bands associated with europium, especially around 530 nm, was observed, while, contrary to lower concentration sample, no luminescence bands between 440 nm and 500 nm were observed. The differences, most likely, can be explained by the different structure of the material at different concentrations of admixture. At excitation of samples with 340 nm light, mutually different changes in 530 nm luminescence intensity were also observed when temperatures of materials were lowered: at higher Eu concentrations, the intensity increased, whereas at lower concentrations – decreased. The analysis of the experimental results allows to propose several mechanisms that are responsible for the luminescence of the considered materials, consisting mainly of the emission of defects related to Eu ions. They include both intracenter and recombination mechanisms, whose contribution to luminescence depends on the spectral structure of the excitation light. The obtained data can be used for further research and development of new persistent luminescence materials.
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Bozonnet, Didier, and Hafsa Chevaucher. "Comprendre et surveiller la portée d’accréditation grâce à l’ISO 9001." In 19th International Congress of Metrology (CIM2019), edited by Sandrine Gazal. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metrology/201919004.
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As it is said in ILAC G18 requirements, accredited laboratories according to ISO 15189 or ISO 17025 should describe and manage their scope of accreditation. Whether its description is quite understood and well conducted, the management of the scope, even if there are written procedures, is much fuzzier, especially the audit of the scope or its potential redesign. In 2018, ISO 17025 has been revised and allowed now laboratories to supervise and monitor their system of management according to ISO 9001. The main benefit of this is to increase efficiency thanks to these two concepts: the risk-based and the process-based approaches. The chapter 8.3 of ISO 9001 in particular can also help: “Design and development of products and services”. Moreover, at the time of writing, a new project ISO 15189 is in progress and there is every reason to believe that this new version will embrace ISO 17025 scheme for the system of management. The aim of this publication is to mix the “scope management” requirements with those of ISO 9001 and monitor the scope of accreditation as a full-fledged process and more, include it in the process mapping; this will help laboratories to supervise their scope of accreditation with more serenity.
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Ben Amor, Syrine. "Pour une lecture croisée des représentations de l'onde dans Bruges-la-Morte de Georges Rodenbach." In XXV Coloquio AFUE. Palabras e imaginarios del agua. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/xxvcoloquioafue.2016.3068.
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« Et cette eau elle-même, malgré tant de reflets : coins de ciel bleu, tuiles des toits, neige des cygnes voguant, verdure des peupliers du bord, s’unifie en chemins de silence incolores. » Georges Rodenbach L’eau constitue l’une des thématiques axiales de l’œuvre de Georges Rodenbach. Thématique commune à sa production scripturale dans son étendue, l’eau irrigue l’imaginaire poétique de l’écrivain. Pourquoi Bruges-la-Morte ? Bruges-la-Morte est le roman d’un veuf éploré qui a choisi Bruges, ville d’eau et de canaux, non pour y vivre mais pour y mourir, pour y dissoudre sa peine. Et, c’est à Bruges, la Venise Flamande, que Hugues Viane s’acharne à chercher le visage de sa femme « sur d’autres visages ». Précisons que l’élément aquatique se présente comme la véritable substance aussi bien du paysage que du travail analogique entrepris dans le roman. Récurrentes et labiles sont les particularités des images poétique et poétisante de l’eau. Plus intéressante nous semble le traitement des représentations de l’eau. Sujette à la modulation, à une distribution-redistribution sans cesse renouvelée, les images et les métaphores de l’onde fusent dans le roman. On se propose de faire découvrir comment la thématique de l’onde fait l’objet d’une configuration paradoxale. Elle est le réceptacle de la vie et de la mort (comme espace paradoxal, l’eau se présente comme la matérialisation d’un état de présence-absence). Nous analyserons comment l’eau, l’œil, le miroir et la photographie deviennent interchangeables. Ces mêmes surfaces, aux propriétés réfléchissantes et enchâssantes font l’objet de maintes associations analogiques. Nous verrons comment l’eau rodenbachienne est tantôt lascive et foncièrement féminine, tantôt inquiétante et violente. La dernière partie de la présentation constitue une réflexion métalinguistique portant sur le rapport eau / mots. L’eau comme espace de l’imaginaire et le roman comme espace de l’illusion.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/XXVColloqueAFUE.2016.3068
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Proctor, Cecile J., Danie A. Beaulieu, Anthony J. Reiman, and Lisa A. Best. "LIVING WELL AFTER CANCER: THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL SUPPORT AND PRODUCTIVE LEISURE." In International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021inpact029.
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"It is now recognized that the ""cancer experience"" extends beyond diagnosis, treatment, and end-of-life care. Relative to individuals who have not faced a cancer diagnosis, cancer survivors report increased mental health concerns and lowered physical and psychological well-being (Langeveld et al., 2004). Health-related quality of life encompasses overall physical (e.g., energy, fatigue, pain, etc.) and psychological functioning (e.g., emotional well-being, etc.), as well as general health perceptions (Hays & Morales, 2001). Nayak and colleagues (2017) reported that 82.3% of cancer patients had below-average quality of life scores, with the lowest scores found in the general, physical, and psychological well-being domains. Research suggests that various positive lifestyle variables, including social connectedness, leisure activity, and mindfulness practices are associated with increased quality of life in cancer patients (Courtens et al., 1996; Fangel et al., 2013; Garland et al., 2017). In this study, 350 cancer survivors completed an online questionnaire package that included a detailed demographic questionnaire with medical and online support and leisure activity questions. Additional measures were included to assess quality of life (QLQ-C30; Aaronson et al., 1993), social connectedness (Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults, SELSA-S; DiTommaso et al., 2004), and mindfulness (Adolescent and Adult Mindfulness Scale, AAMS; Droutman et al., 2018). Results show that increased QOL is predicted by increased medical support, lower family loneliness, self-acceptance, and engaging in a variety of leisure activities. Encouraging family support, including the patient in the decision-making process, encouraging a variety of physically possible leisure activities, and normalizing negative emotions surrounding diagnosis and disease symptoms are all ways that overall QoL can be improved."
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Boone, Veronique Joanna, and Denis Derycke. "Analyse architecturale, modélisation 3D et narration filmique : un regard original sur quelques objets corbuséens." In LC2015 - Le Corbusier, 50 years later. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/lc2015.2015.764.
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Abstract: To analyze Le Corbusier's work through 3D digital modeling constitutes an important issue for the dissemination of the legacy of this major architect. During an analytical process, a relevant use of contemporary graphic means associated to an understanding of the codes of architectural representation allows to reveal new issues, or new points of view. When linking the graphic production of such process to film narrative and to the codes of documentary film, one obtain singular documents: short-movies based on computer generated images that support an analytical and critical thought, but also present projects under a new visual expression; didactic and descriptive. Those documents become particularly interesting when it comes to highlighting obscure architectural heritage, or to give body to projects remained on paper. With the support of the Fondation Le Corbusier, some Master architecture students investigated Belgian projects of the work of Le Corbusier, from which only two were built and no more than one remains. Through precise methodological issues, this paper accounts for the knowledge that such productions can offer on sometimes less-known architectural objects from the Swiss master.Resumen: Analizar las obras arquitectónicas de Le Corbusier, a través la modelización 3D, constituye un desafío importante de difusión del legado de este gran arquitecto. Mediante el proceso analítico, un uso pertinente de los medios contemporáneos de representación gráfica asociados a una comprensión de los códigos de representación arquitecturales permite de establecer nuevas perspectivas y problemáticas poco tratadas. Cuando acoplamos la producción gráfica, creada por este tipo de proceso analítico, a la narración cinematográfica y a los códigos del cine documental, obtenemos documentos singulares : cortometrajes dentro de imágenes digitales que sostienen un propósito analítico y critico, pero que su vez presentan también los proyectos arquitectónicos bajo una nueva expresión visual, didáctica y descriptiva. Estos documentos pueden revelarse particularmente interesantes cuando se trata de valorizar un patrimonio arquitectural desconocido, o de ofrecer un cuerpo solido a los proyectos yacidos en hojas de papel. Con el apoyo de la Fundación Le Corbusier, los estudiantes de Master de arquitectura se interesaron a los proyectos belgas de los trabajos diseñados por Le Corbusier, de los cuales solo dos han sido construidos y solo uno permanece en pie. Mediante cuestionamientos metodológicos precisos, este articulo relata el conocimiento que este tipo de producciones pueden ofrecer sobre los objetos arquitectónicos menos conocidos del gran maestro suizo. Keywords: Le Corbusier, architectural analysis, 3D modelisation, photography, short film, Belgium.Palabras clave: Le Corbusier, análisis arquitectónico, modelización 3D, fotografía, cortometrajes, Bélgica. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.764
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Jang, T. S., J. Nair, S. Nair, and A. Lavin. "Modulation of PFC Pyramidal Cell Excitability by Clonidine: A Computational Modeling Study." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-15109.
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The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is critically involved in cognitive processes underlying working memory (WM), attention, and inhibition of responses to non-relevant stimuli (Fuster, 2000; Goldman-Rakic, 1996). In this context, catecholaminergic inputs have proven to be critical for the regulation of these cognitive processes (Levitt et al., 1984; Lewis et al., 1987; Lewis and Morrison, 1989; Porrino and Goldman-Rakic, 1982). Aston-Jones and Bloom (1981a, b) showed that, in addition to dopamine (DA) the norepinephrine (NE) neurons located in the locus coeruleus (LC) and terminating in the PFC are important in mediating selective and sustained attention and vigilance. Moreover, stimulation of the LC increases the discrimination of incoming external stimuli to the PFC by reducing the background noise, therefore enhancing the cortical signal-to-noise ratio (Aston-Jones et al., 1985; Berridge and Waterhouse, 2003; Foote et al., 1980, 1983; Waterhouse et al., 1980; Robbins, 2000). More recently, several studies have shown that adrenergic agonists, especially specific alpha-2 agonists, are very effective in enhancing WM and attention. Indeed, administration of alpha-2 agonists can ameliorate some of the negative effects on cognition produced by NE depletion due to aging in monkeys (Arnsten and Goldman-Rakic, 1985; Arnsten et al., 1988; Arnsten and Leslie, 1991) and improve performance in WM-related tasks in young monkeys with NE depletion (Arnsten and Goldman-Rakic, 1985; Cai et al., 1993). Moreover, the therapeutic effects of the specific alpha-2 agonists, clonidine and guanfacine in treating disorders related to dysfunction of WM in patients have been proved (Fields et al., 1988; Mair and McEntree 1986, 1988; Hunt et al., 1985, 1990, 1995).
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Townsend, Timothy, and Helena Solo-Gabriele. "Potential Concerns and Impacts of CCA-Treated Wood for the Waste-to-Energy Industry." In 11th North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec11-1676.
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An issue that has received much attention in the U.S. in recent years, especially in Florida, is the impact of CCA-treated wood on human health and the environment (Decker et al. 2002; Gordon et al. 2002) , including risks faced as a result of discarded CCA-treated wood in the solid waste stream (Townsend et al. 2001; Townsend et al. 2003). CCA-treated wood is preserved with copper, chromium and arsenic. All of the metals have toxic impacts at high exposures; it is arsenic however, which has raised the greatest concern (it is more hazardous at lower concentrations than the other CCA constituents). CCA-treated wood often becomes mixed with other wood from construction and demolition (C&D) debris (Tolaymat et al. 2000). Mixed C&D debris wood is either landfilled along with the rest of the C&D debris stream (e.g. concrete, gypsum drywall) or it is separated and processed for a variety of recycling markets.
Reports on the topic "Et la morale"
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Melnikas, Andrea, Grace Saul, Mouhamadou Gueye, Aissa Diarra, and Sajeda Amin. « More than Brides Alliance (MTBA) » : Rapport d’évaluation à mi-parcours au Mali et au Niger. Population Council, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy7.1025.
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Provencher, L., and J. M. Dubois. Guide d'interprétation visuelle des entités géographiques naturelles à partir des images ETM+ de Landsat et des photographies aériennes : moraine. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/314952.
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Kaffenberger, Michelle. Modeling the Long-Run Learning Impact of the COVID-19 Learning Shock: Actions to (More Than) Mitigate Loss. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsgrise-ri_2020/017.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has forced 1.7 billion children out of school temporarily. While many education systems are attempting varying degrees of remote learning, it is widely accepted that the closures will produce substantial losses in learning (World Bank, 2020; Kuhfeld et al., 2020). However, the real concern is not just that a few months of learning will be lost in the short run, but that these losses will accumulate into large and permanent learning losses as many children fall behind during school closures and never catch up. This note uses a calibrated model with a “pedagogical production function” (Kaffenberger and Pritchett, 2020) to estimate the potential long-term losses to children’s learning from the temporary shock of school closures. The model shows that without mitigation, children could lose more than a year’s worth of learning even from a three-month school closure as the short-term losses continue to compound after children return to school. Turning to mitigation strategies, the note examines the long-term effects of two strategies, finding that with some mitigation efforts education systems could come back from the crisis stronger than before.
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Ramm-Granberg, Tynan, F. Rocchio, Catharine Copass, Rachel Brunner, and Eric Nelsen. Revised vegetation classification for Mount Rainier, North Cascades, and Olympic national parks: Project summary report. National Park Service, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2284511.
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Field crews recently collected more than 10 years of classification and mapping data in support of the North Coast and Cascades Inventory and Monitoring Network (NCCN) vegetation maps of Mount Rainier (MORA), Olympic (OLYM), and North Cascades (NOCA) National Parks. Synthesis and analysis of these 6000+ plots by Washington Natural Heritage Program (WNHP) and Institute for Natural Resources (INR) staff built on the foundation provided by the earlier classification work of Crawford et al. (2009). These analyses provided support for most of the provisional plant associations in Crawford et al. (2009), while also revealing previously undescribed vegetation types that were not represented in the United States National Vegetation Classification (USNVC). Both provisional and undescribed types have since been submitted to the USNVC by WNHP staff through a peer-reviewed process. NCCN plots were combined with statewide forest and wetland plot data from the US Forest Service (USFS) and other sources to create a comprehensive data set for Washington. Analyses incorporated Cluster Analysis, Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling (NMS), Multi-Response Permutation Procedure (MRPP), and Indicator Species Analysis (ISA) to identify, vet, and describe USNVC group, alliance, and association distinctions. The resulting revised classification contains 321 plant associations in 99 alliances. A total of 54 upland associations were moved through the peer review process and are now part of the USNVC. Of those, 45 were provisional or preliminary types from Crawford et al. (2009), with 9 additional new associations that were originally identified by INR. WNHP also revised the concepts of 34 associations, wrote descriptions for 2 existing associations, eliminated/archived 2 associations, and created 4 new upland alliances. Finally, WNHP created 27 new wetland alliances and revised or clarified an additional 21 as part of this project (not all of those occur in the parks). This report and accompanying vegetation descriptions, keys and synoptic and environmental tables (all products available from the NPS Data Store project reference: https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/2279907) present the fruit of these combined efforts: a comprehensive, up-to-date vegetation classification for the three major national parks of Washington State.
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Haring, Christopher, and David Biedenharn. Channel assessment tools for rapid watershed assessment. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40379.
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Existing Delta Headwaters Project (DHP) watershed stabilization studies are focused on restoration and stabilization of degraded stream systems. The original watershed studies formerly under the Demonstration Erosion Control (DEC) Project started in the mid 1980s. The watershed stabilization activities are continuing, and because of the vast number of degraded watersheds and limited amount of yearly funding, there is a need for developing a rapid watershed assessment approach to determine which watersheds to prioritize for further work. The goal of this project is to test the FluvialGeomorph (FG) toolkit to determine if the Rapid Geomorphic Assessment approach can identify channel stability trends in Campbell Creek and its main tributary. The FG toolkit (Haring et al. 2019; Haring et al. 2020) is a new rapid watershed assessment approach using high-resolution terrain data (Light Detection and Ranging [LiDAR]) to support U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) watershed planning. One of the principal goals of the USACE SMART (Specific Measureable Attainable Risk-Informed Timely) Planning is to leverage existing data and resources to complete studies. The FG approach uses existing LiDAR to rapidly assess either reach-specific analysis for smaller more focused studies or larger watersheds or ecosystems. The rapid assessment capability can reduce the time and cost of planning by using existing information to complete a preliminary watershed assessment and provide rapid results regarding where to focus more detailed study efforts.
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Coulson, Saskia, Melanie Woods, Drew Hemment, and Michelle Scott. Report and Assessment of Impact and Policy Outcomes Using Community Level Indicators: H2020 Making Sense Report. University of Dundee, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001192.
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Making Sense is a European Commission H2020 funded project which aims at supporting participatory sensing initiatives that address environmental challenges in areas such as noise and air pollution. The development of Making Sense was informed by previous research on a crowdfunded open source platform for environmental sensing, SmartCitizen.me, developed at the Fab Lab Barcelona. Insights from this research identified several deterrents for a wider uptake of participatory sensing initiatives due to social and technical matters. For example, the participants struggled with the lack of social interactions, a lack of consensus and shared purpose amongst the group, and a limited understanding of the relevance the data had in their daily lives (Balestrini et al., 2014; Balestrini et al., 2015). As such, Making Sense seeks to explore if open source hardware, open source software and and open design can be used to enhance data literacy and maker practices in participatory sensing. Further to this, Making Sense tests methodologies aimed at empowering individuals and communities through developing a greater understanding of their environments and by supporting a culture of grassroot initiatives for action and change. To do this, Making Sense identified a need to underpin sensing with community building activities and develop strategies to inform and enable those participating in data collection with appropriate tools and skills. As Fetterman, Kaftarian and Wanderman (1996) state, citizens are empowered when they understand evaluation and connect it in a way that it has relevance to their lives. Therefore, this report examines the role that these activities have in participatory sensing. Specifically, we discuss the opportunities and challenges in using the concept of Community Level Indicators (CLIs), which are measurable and objective sources of information gathered to complement sensor data. We describe how CLIs are used to develop a more indepth understanding of the environmental problem at hand, and to record, monitor and evaluate the progress of change during initiatives. We propose that CLIs provide one way to move participatory sensing beyond a primarily technological practice and towards a social and environmental practice. This is achieved through an increased focus in the participants’ interests and concerns, and with an emphasis on collective problem solving and action. We position our claims against the following four challenge areas in participatory sensing: 1) generating and communicating information and understanding (c.f. Loreto, 2017), 2) analysing and finding relevance in data (c.f. Becker et al., 2013), 3) building community around participatory sensing (c.f. Fraser et al., 2005), and 4) achieving or monitoring change and impact (c.f. Cheadle et al., 2000). We discuss how the use of CLIs can tend to these challenges. Furthermore, we report and assess six ways in which CLIs can address these challenges and thereby support participatory sensing initiatives: i. Accountability ii. Community assessment iii. Short-term evaluation iv. Long-term evaluation v. Policy change vi. Capability The report then returns to the challenge areas and reflects on the learnings and recommendations that are gleaned from three Making Sense case studies. Afterwhich, there is an exposition of approaches and tools developed by Making Sense for the purposes of advancing participatory sensing in this way. Lastly, the authors speak to some of the policy outcomes that have been realised as a result of this research.
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Striessnig, Erich, Claudia Reiter, and Anna Dimitrova. Global improvements in Years of Good Life since 1950. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/populationyearbook2021.res1.2.
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Human well-being at the national aggregate level is typically measured by GDP per capita, life expectancy or a composite index such as the HDI. A more recent alternative is the Years of Good Life (YoGL) indicator presented by Lutz et al. (2018; 2021). YoGL represents a refinement of life expectancy in which only those person-years in a life table are counted that are spent free from material (1), physical (2) or cognitive limitations (3), while being subjectively perceived as satisfying (4). In this article, we present the reconstruction of YoGL to 1950 for 140 countries. Since life expectancy – as reported by the UN World Population Prospects in fiveyearly steps – forms the basis of our reconstruction, the presented dataset is also available on a five-yearly basis. In addition, like life expectancy, YoGL can be flexibly calculated for different sub-populations. Hence, we present separate YoGL estimates for women and men. Due to a lack of data, only the material dimension can be reconstructed based directly on empirical inputs since 1950. The remaining dimensions are modelled based on information from the more recent past.
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Galindo, Arturo J., and Roberto Steiner. Asymmetric Interest Rate Transmission in an Inflation Targeting Framework: The Case of Colombia. Banco de la República de Colombia, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1138.
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After adopting an inflation targeting framework for monetary policy at the turn of the century, the Central Bank of Colombia started actively using the monetary policy interest rate as its key policy tool. In this regard, this paper examines the interest rate pass-through from the monetary policy rate to the retail rates in Colombia and explores asymmetries in the adjustment process within the framework of a non-linear version of the ARDL (NARDL) model developed by Shin et al. (2014). Our findings show that the policy rate plays a key role in determining deposit and lending retail rates but the nature of the pass-through varies across different types of lending products. In the case of lending rates, the pass-through is usually a full one, and takes around 12 months to be nearly complete. Our results capture an asymmetric positive pass-through in deposit rates and an upward rigidity in the lending rates of consumer and ordinary corporate loans, key segments of the credit market. These findings imply that most retail lending rates respond more to policy rate cuts than to hikes, indicating that financial intermediaries are more reluctant to raise interest rates than to decrease them following policy adjustments.
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Roschelle, Jeremy, Britte Haugan Cheng, Nicola Hodkowski, Julie Neisler, and Lina Haldar. Evaluation of an Online Tutoring Program in Elementary Mathematics. Digital Promise, April 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51388/20.500.12265/94.
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Many students struggle with mathematics in late elementary school, particularly on the topic of fractions. In a best evidence syntheses of research on increasing achievement in elementary school mathematics, Pelligrini et al. (2018) highlighted tutoring as a way to help students. Online tutoring is attractive because costs may be lower and logistics easier than with face-to-face tutoring. Cignition developed an approach that combines online 1:1 tutoring with a fractions game, called FogStone Isle. The game provides students with additional learning opportunities and provides tutors with information that they can use to plan tutoring sessions. A randomized controlled trial investigated the research question: Do students who participate in online tutoring and a related mathematical game learn more about fractions than students who only have access to the game? Participants were 144 students from four schools, all serving low-income students with low prior mathematics achievement. In the Treatment condition, students received 20-25 minute tutoring sessions twice per week for an average of 18 sessions and also played the FogStone Isle game. In the Control condition, students had access to the game, but did not play it often. Control students did not receive tutoring. Students were randomly assigned to condition after being matched on pre-test scores. The same diagnostic assessment was used as a pre-test and as a post-test. The planned analysis looked for differences in gain scores ( post-test minus pre-test scores) between conditions. We conducted a t-test on the aggregate gain scores, comparing conditions; the results were statistically significant (t = 4.0545, df = 132.66, p-value < .001). To determine an effect size, we treated each site as a study in a meta-analysis. Using gain scores, the effect size was g=+.66. A more sophisticated treatment of the pooled standard deviation resulted in a corrected effect size of g=.46 with a 95% confidence interval of [+.23,+.70]. Students who received online tutoring and played the related Fog Stone Isle game learned more; our research found the approach to be efficacious. The Pelligrini et al. (2018) meta-analysis of elementary math tutoring programs found g = .26 and was based largely on face-to-face tutoring studies. Thus, this study compares favorably to prior research on face-to-face mathematics tutoring with elementary students. Limitations are discussed; in particular, this is an initial study of an intervention under development. Effects could increase or decrease as development continues and the program scales. Although this study was planned long before the current pandemic, results are particularly timely now that many students are at home under shelter-in-place orders due to COVID-19. The approach taken here is feasible for students at home, with tutors supporting them from a distance. It is also feasible in many other situations where equity could be addressed directly by supporting students via online tutors.
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DeJaeghere, Joan, Bich-Hang Duong, and Vu Dao. Teaching Practices That Support and Promote Learning: Qualitative Evidence from High and Low Performing Classes in Vietnam. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-ri_2021/024.
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This Insight Note contributes to the growing body of knowledge on teaching practices that foster student learning and achievement by analysing in-depth qualitative data from classroom observations and teacher interviews. Much of the research on teachers and teaching in development literature focuses on observable and quantified factors, including qualifications and training. But simply being qualified (with a university degree in education or subject areas), or trained in certain ways (e.g., coaching versus in-service) explains very little of the variation in learning outcomes (Kane and Staiger, 2008; Wößmann, 2003; Das and Bau, 2020). Teaching is a complex set of practices that draw on teachers’ beliefs about learning, their prior experiences, their content and pedagogical knowledge and repertoire, and their commitment and personality. Recent research in the educational development literature has turned to examining teaching practices, including content knowledge, pedagogical practices, and teacher-student interactions, primarily through quantitative data from knowledge tests and classroom observations of practices (see Bruns, De Gregorio and Taut, 2016; Filmer, Molina and Wane, 2020; Glewwe et al, in progress). Other studies, such as TIMSS, the OECD and a few World Bank studies have used classroom videos to further explain high inference factors of teachers’ (Gallimore and Hiebert, 2000; Tomáš and Seidel, 2013). In this Note, we ask the question: What are the teaching practices that support and foster high levels of learning? Vietnam is a useful case to examine because student learning outcomes based on international tests are high, and most students pass the basic learning levels (Dang, Glewwe, Lee and Vu, 2020). But considerable variation exists between learning outcomes, particularly at the secondary level, where high achieving students will continue to upper-secondary and lower achieving students will drop out at Grade 9 (Dang and Glewwe, 2018). So what differentiates teaching for those who achieve these high learning outcomes and those who don’t? Some characteristics of teachers, such as qualifications and professional commitment, do not vary greatly because most Vietnamese teachers meet the national standards in terms of qualifications (have a college degree) and have a high level of professionalism (Glewwe et al., in progress). Other factors that influence teaching, such as using lesson plans and teaching the national curriculum, are also highly regulated. Therefore, to explain how teaching might affect student learning outcomes, it is important to examine more closely teachers’ practices in the classroom.