Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Et la raison'
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BAUMEL, NATHALIE. "Les raisons du "deja-vu" que la raison ignore." Paris 7, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA070100.
Full textWhen someone has the sensation of the "deja-vu", he feels he's already lived the actual situation. This transitory recognition that anyone can feel concern the whole situation which is recognized. This phenomenon belonging to the psychopathology of the daily life has been revealed by our investigation with 571 teenagers end children. When occur the "deja-vu" an ego cleave take place. One part of the self believe in the illusion of a repetition of an episode of life and the other part of the self remain critical. The "deja-vu" is a defence mechanism erect by the self when arrive particular circumstances even if they first seem communal. The so-called previsions which go with it endow fallaciously the subject of an preliminary knowledge, of an anticipation and then of a control of the event. These illusions constitute reassurances able to fight against traumatism and aiming at warrant according to an animist logic the realization of a dear desire, desire of a self-protection or some potentially actualizating phantasm. The "deja-vu" raise of the omnipotence of the mind. We conceive it as a projection on the screen of the past of a dear desire for the imminent future in the form of a memory. The subject impose, indeed, that what he wants will be because he has got the confirmation (the memory) that it's already happened in the past. The possible and unexpected atrophy of the fence which separate reveries, phantasms from reality of some situations looking almost from dreams would be favourable of this return of omnipotence. Its effectively in dreams that desires materialize owning to the omnipotence of subjects which have their control
Lanfranchi, Dominique. "Raison et infini." Université Pierre Mendès France (Grenoble ; 1990-2015), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE29064.
Full textThe subject of the study is limited to pure reason and its interaction with the question of infinity as defined from a mathematical, philosophical; and religious point of view. The thesis aims at showing that the various rational principles (identity, non contradiction. . . ) come down to the principle of symetry which is the operating version of the principle of identity. It shows that the various rationalities which refer to various types of existence (actual, constructive, logical. . . ) can come down to a single one, the most general, as these existences are included. So a weaker logic than classical logic is put forward, able to deal with infinite and impredicative definitions with their paradoxes. Cantor's theorem and the scale of infinite numbers are contested. Infinity, owing to the absence of limits, is a weaker notion than finity. So both metaphysical infinite and mathematical infinite must be approached with that same logic. Thus reason can use an open formalism, providing a broader coherence to mathematics and which includes, as particular cases, the other rational theories. It also includes infinity which then appears as a unitary pole structuring thought
Lagrée, Jacqueline. "La raison ardente : religion naturelle et raison au XVIIe siècle /." Paris : J. Vrin, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35479687x.
Full textGrivaux, Agnès. "Raison, délire et critique : psychanalyse et critique de la raison chez Adorno et Horkheimer." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEE011.
Full textIn this study, we will propose an interpretation of the psychoanalytic references in the works of Adorno and Horkheimer, by starting from the way they are used in an unexpected, and yet central, field: the critique of rationality. Especially in Dialectics of Enlightenment, Adorno and Horkheimer affirm that reason, a concept that is both central and structuring to the modern capitalist society, comes into conflit with itself to the point of its self-destruction, which should be understood as a passage to madness. We intend to defend that this affirmation can be understood, by having recourse to psychoanalysis, in a non-metaphorical manner, starting from a double reading, both genetic and micrologic, of their writings. We situate the genesis of the intersection between psychoanalysis and the critique of rationality in their early works, when they were dealing with the relationship between psychology and the theory of knowledge, at first in a neo-Kantian perspective, then within the framework of the program of interdisciplinary research in the thirties. This precocious intersection led them to become interested as much in the unconscious part which works through the process of knowledge, as in the logic of phenomena which are apparently the most irrational. We therefore interpret their works from the thirties and forties as the unveiling of a conjunction of specific forms of social rationalization with the rising of particularly irrational phenomena, especially related to the emergence of fascism. This conjunction then leads to the psychoanalytical thematisation of reason’s self destruction. Our thesis is that by disclosing this singular critical paradigm – which links together the psychoanalytical approach, the critique of reason, and the theory of knowledge – the function attributed to psychoanalysis by these authors can be revealed in a global and coherent fashion: accounting for unreason as an effect of the contradictory logic that the modern capitalist society establishes between nature and history. We can therefore conclude our work by analyzing on what condition a dialectical and critical theory of knowledge is likely to avoid the pitfall that psychoanalysis has allowed to identify at the social level, i.e. the reduction of the relation between history and nature to a relation of domination. In this way, the critical potentials of this paradigm within the framework of contemporary debates on the pathologies of reason can be brought to light
Grivaux, Agnès. "Raison, délire et critique : psychanalyse et critique de la raison chez Adorno et Horkheimer." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEE011.
Full textIn this study, we will propose an interpretation of the psychoanalytic references in the works of Adorno and Horkheimer, by starting from the way they are used in an unexpected, and yet central, field: the critique of rationality. Especially in Dialectics of Enlightenment, Adorno and Horkheimer affirm that reason, a concept that is both central and structuring to the modern capitalist society, comes into conflict with itself to the point of its self-destruction, which should be understood as a passage to madness. We intend to defend that this affirmation can be understood, by having recourse to psychoanalysis, in a non-metaphorical manner, starting from a double reading, both genetic and micrologic, of their writings. We situate the genesis of the intersection between psychoanalysis and the critique of rationality in their early works, when they were dealing with the relationship between psychology and the theory of knowledge, at first in a neo-Kantian perspective, then within the framework of the program of interdisciplinary research in the thirties. This precocious intersection led them to become interested as much in the unconscious part which works through the process of knowledge, as in the logic of phenomena which are apparently the most irrational. We therefore interpret their works from the thirties and forties as the unveiling of a conjunction of specific forms of social rationalization with the rising of particularly irrational phenomena, especially related to the emergence of fascism. This conjunction then leads to the psychoanalytical thématisation of reason’s self destruction. Our thesis is that by disclosing this singular critical paradigm – which links together the psychoanalytical approach, the critique of reason, and the theory of knowledge – the function attributed to psychoanalysis by these authors can be revealed in a global and coherent fashion: accounting for unreason as an effect of the contradictory logic that the modern capitalist society establishes between nature and history. We can therefore conclude our work by analyzing on what condition a dialectical and critical theory of knowledge is likely to avoid the pitfall that psychoanalysis has allowed to identify at the social level, i.e. the reduction of the relation between history and nature to a relation of domination. In this way, the critical potentials of this paradigm within the framework of contemporary debates on the pathologies of reason can be brought to light
Bazie, Bouma. "Humanisme et raison pratique." Amiens, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AMIE0017.
Full textThis research is a study of the human condition from a consideration of the fondamental meaning of humanism and of the issue of human rights. The point in particular is to determine the practical scope of the signifiance of the transition from vertical, absolute and religious transcendence, to the horizontal or relative one. In its structures, this dissertation enriches the sense of humanism changing it from the theoritical background of our relation to god, to the practical background of our various conditional relations. This we specically study the rational principles at work in the scientific activity and in the political and legal connections
MILOVIC, MIROSLAV. "Raison theorique et raison pratique dans leur rapport a la communaute ethique et politique." Paris 4, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA040083.
Full textThis work represents an attent in reconstruction and grounding pratical philosophy. In the traditional, aristotelian context of the discussion, the practical is separated from theorical, and, within the framework of the practical, the traditional approach tried to reach the unity of ethis and politics. This structure of relationsmip does not problematize its own metaphysical assumptions any further. In the perspective of the modern era, the questions of the metaphysics of "grounding" become the questions on reflections, i. E. ,the thematization of the thinking itself. Both the questions of the theoretical and the questions of the pratical presuppose constituting, modern subjectivity. The relation. Smip between ethics and politics goes through different stages : it starts out with machiavellian attitude on the primacy of the political ; than goes through the kantian stage featured by the thesis of the primacy of the ethics; finaly, it gets to the hegelian thesis about their speculative unity. The third fart of this woru starts out with the belief that modern philosophy is not radical enough and that it is not immune from sceptical objections. Related to this, the language prapquatics, as a more radical solution to the statuts of the theoretical and practical, is being discused at the very end of this work
Troianiello, Antonino. "Raison d'État et droit public." Le Havre, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/2000LEHA0050.
Full textMargot, Jean-Paul. "Raison et fiction chez Descartes." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/4846.
Full textRazafindehibe, Amette Etienne Hilaire. "Corps et raison chez Nietzsche." Bordeaux 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR30046.
Full textThe western tradition in metaphysics has misdirected the reason from its original route in separating and opposing in a systematic way life andknowledge, the sensible and intelligible, illusion and reality, and his for the only sake of intellect. In the following work this irreducibility of terms made into opponents by idealism found itself synthetised by the absolute dualism created by the body and the reason, dualism which ends in the destruction of the dual unity and the natural harmony between the physiological and the spiritual. For this work of destruction, religion and morale became precious auxilaries to the idealism. The nietzschean project of rehabilitating the body wants remedy to this fault committed toward life and the world. That is how nietzsche opposes his "irrational revolution" to socrate's" rational revolution", meaning to demonstrate in this way the eminent dignity of human body compared to the spirit. This critical behaviour from nietzsche towards the classical philosophy often leads him to give out perojative remarks towards the "human being". Which seems at first sight to bring about the death of the metaphysics. In fact, it is not so. In choosing the body as the vital lead to explore the most diverse human phenomenons, the zealot wants only to bring back the meaning of the world into the world instead of sending this meaning in a "somewhere else is called" intelligible world "or" celestical. .
GUILLEMEAU, EVELYNE. "Nature et raison chez spinoza." Rennes 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REN10046.
Full textSalce, Jacques. "Raison contradictoire et psychologie générale." Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOL021.
Full textBergont, Sophie. "Raison et empirisme chez David Hume." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H214/document.
Full textHume is commonly seen as an empiricist philosopher and as a critic of reason. The project of this thesis is to examine the relation between these two characterizations, and to highlight the way that Hume expands empiricism into the faculty of reason, resulting in a new conception of the understanding, which is both empirical and skeptical. In opposition to the generally accepted idea, which states that Hume's theory of reason is set against "metaphysical" or "rationalist" conceptions of this faculty, the thesis argues that, in his account of reason, Hume mainly critiques "empiricist" philosophers. These thinkers are critiqued for being confined to a superficial view of experience. Through an exploration of several fields (theory of experience, theory of the passions, theory of morals, history, contemporary sciences, such as mechanics), it is shown that Hume's critique of reason stems from an extension and intensification of empiricism. This demonstration challenges the traditional view of Hume, as the heir to the "empiricist" tradition (particularly Locke and Hutcheson) and as a mere critic of the "rationalist" philosophers (particularly Leibniz and Malebranche). These positions, which seem at first sight surprising, are rooted in the demand that experience be analysed : it is only through analysing the immediate and ordinary experience we have of our reasoning that we can arrive at a true account of the powers of reason, and give new ground to the question of the legitimacy of reason to govern our beliefs
Huet, Armel. "La raison urbaine : communauté et socialité." Paris 10, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA100076.
Full textHuet, Armel. "La Raison urbaine communauté et socialité /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376144119.
Full textMartin-Haag, Éliane. "Diderot philosophe : Lumières, nature, raison." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010609.
Full textDiderot theorizes the notion of philosophical style. Thinking always comes down to imagining, and finding fault with dogmatic metaphysics can be equated with criticizing discursive reason or analytic imaginary, for which a new dialectic must be substituted, inspired by sceptic, neoplatonic and aristotelian tradition. The works of his mature years build up an atomism which abolishes the distinction between nature and matter, using the postulate of continuity upheld by the Cambridge philosophers such as Cudworth : Bayle and Voltaire reaffirm that atheistic atomism has its sources in the neoplatonic notion of order. This idea crops up in eighteenth century vitalism. Maupertuis and the supporters of the Montpellier school keep the concept of plastic nature both as unconscious thought and seminal reason. Diderot rethinks this concept so as to conceive an order without finality, and to rationalize hylozoism. Finally materialism appears as undogmatic metaphysic because the caracteristic of rational hypothese is that it can be criticized or disproved. Diderot identifies historicity with rationality : materialism accounts for the progress of experimental philosophy, of the history of moral reason, and the history of art
Barrière-Desgeorge, Florence. "Plotin : la raison du mystique." Nice, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NICE2014.
Full textThe object of the thesis is to draw a parallel between reationalism and mysticism, which are fundamental themes of the plotinus's philosophy. If the first part analyses the three hypotasis of Plotin, rational structure of the system, the second one tries a new experiment, by a new approach to the mystic and aesthetic problems. 1st part : from the inanimate matter, the passive and opaque receptacle for any reality, to the idea of the nature, the living world of the philosopher is constructed. Plotin is concerned with a spiritualist physics, for a universal motion which includes every living creature. The soul's and intelligence's study constitutes the rational part of the plotinian doctrine. The soul, by her dual nature, at one divine and at once material, is the essential connection between the tangible world and the intelligible world. By her lower part, the soul organizes reality, and by her superior's one, she joins intelligence in the one's contemplation. 2nd part : after the analysis of platonician and plotinian aesthetics, hermetism and orientalism, apparently unfamiliar to plotinus, will allow us to understand precisely the philosopher's spirituality, from silence to union with the one
Su, Hsiao-Chun. "Cogito et raison : l’épreuve de la folie." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100047/document.
Full textThis phD takes its beginning from the interpretations of Descartes’ Meditations on FirstPhilosophy. According to Madness and Civilization of Foucault, in the Western history,madness was excluded in order to legitimate the cogito and the reason, and mad peoplewere excluded by the social forces from the end of the 18th century on. A seriousdisagreement raised between two great French philosophers, Foucault and Derrida. On theother hand, the psychiatrists attack Foucault’s abstract theory and defend their practicalknowledge. How to think about the relationship between raison and madness? Kant, as aphilosopher of modernity, offers a solution to these problems, by his vision, not yetdisconnected from the views of the antique world, where philosophy and medicine shared acommon field. From the ancient wisdom to the contemporary, this phD aims at clarifyingthe complicated relationship between the cogito and the reason, confronted as they are tothe existence of madness
Dupond, Pascal. "Finitude de la raison et communauté humaine." Lyon 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO31020.
Full textTragic existence has bequeathed to philosophical thought a certain conception of human finitude according to which the crucial point of this finitude lies in the question of truth = " being is pre-eminently truth and falsehood " ( aristotle ). That is why metaphysical questioning cannot inquire into the essence of truth without traving to confort the possibility of truth with the possibility of the impossibility of truth. This confrontation is developed along two avenues of meaning which form the permanent ambivalence of metaphysical thinking = the firstone consists in demonstrating that our being, because of its kinship with the divine, pertains - both by its nature and its destination - to the possibility of truth; and that, therefore, the possibility of the impossibility of truth is a mere de facto condition which ean and must be surmounted by our appropriating our de jure condition = this orientation constitues the theoretical assumption of the essence of trut. The second one shows that the possibility of truth can never surmount the possibility of the impossibility of truth once and for all. Being undetermined and delivered over to the risk of existing is the specific capability of our being
David-Ménard, Monique. "Raison et délire, Kant lecteur de Swedenborg." Paris 4, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA040121.
Full textHow important have been Kant’s thoughts on madness in determining the formation of his philosophy, both critical and transcendental, in his theoretical aspect, eg. In his theory of the object, as well in the practical aspect ? The research, here, developed intends to re-read the critique of pure reason in examining the relationship between anthropology and philosophy from the essay on the sickness of the mind (1764), to the dreams of a spirit-seer in the light of dreams of metaphysics (1766) and, later on, to the anthropology (1798)
Henderycksen, Christopher. "La règle de raison et les contrats." Montpellier 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON10042.
Full textKotroyannos, Dimitris. "La raison d'état chez Hobbès et Spinoza." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR30004.
Full textThe matter of the state's reason by Hobbes and Spinoza is to warrant through the rational reason, the natural variety, that means the individuality of which the reason is the sign. Two expressive levels of the politics can be distinguished : the one where some passions may be played and combined artificially or really against others in the purpose to built a steady position and to avoid the catastrophes which may be destroying for everybody. The other which senders the intersubjective action of man more efficient and productive by the leading of the infallible reason of the sovereign because the sovereign protects the individual. On both levels Spinoza is near Hobbès to conceivethe anhistorical building of the state but in the some time he reverses its contents when he is grounded of epistemologiques bases. Thus the political action of the fellow is delimite by Hobbès by the "ending" and the submissiveness while it's resolved by Spinoza in and for freedom
Morin, Yvan. "L'âme et la raison chez Ficin et chez Descartes." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9803.
Full textChopin, Olivier. "La raison d'Etat et la démocratie : concepts et pratiques." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0085.
Full textReason of state disrupts democratic ethics by showing how violence and law are linked by dark bonds - the use of secret above all. Does reason of state, considered as ontologically stranger to democracy, constitute a threat or a remedy for the survival of democracies? At the very least, reason of state evokes the essential double frailty of democracies - fraitly towards the dangers that threaten them and fraitly towards the remedies they choose. The work analyses the control of intelligence services in three countries (France, The United States and the United Kingdom) and shows that the theoratical opposition between reason of state and democracy turns in practice into a tension which can not be suppressed. Finally, the study of the US reaction to the September 11 attacks deals with knowing wether democracies can defend themselves and reveal their strength if necessary - and still remain democracies
Villevieille, Yves. "L'idée de raison chez Voltaire." Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010524.
Full textThis thesis aims at following the evolution of the term "reason" in Voltaire's works. In the same way it's an attempt to follow the evolution of the words "madness" "mad" "absurdity" "absurd" "lunacy" "fanaticism" "fanatic" as well as "enlightenment". The meaning of the above-mentioned words are classified and the most significant of the concerned entries are quoted. In conclusion such a research sets out an evolution : it emphasizes the building up of a specific reason which attacks the so nefarious religious prejudices. Reason must overcome its opponents. Here lies a moderate optimism and a call to fighting against anything that fetters reason
Cambe, Charles. "Schopenhauer : le monde comme raison et comme déraison." Nice, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NICE2019.
Full textFrom the analysis of Schopenhauer's theory on cognition, based on the strict logic of representation and after having extrated and studied the characteristics of will (therein the most essential is its absence of basis), we have admitted the schopenhauer's arguments. In insisting on the direct proportionnality of the rationality of the representation of the world and its irrationnality in its essential being, we show that we are opposite a "logic of absurdity and pessimism". Then, we prove that Schopenhauer, as he didn't take the "tragic" way, could only enter the one of the negation of will followed by complete renouncement. We can conclude to the perfect coherence of schopenhauer's system
Charrak, André. "Raison et perception : fonder l'harmonie au XVIIIe siècle /." Paris : J. Vrin, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376332039.
Full textHoreau, Mathieu. "Raison et absolu : histoire d'une triangulation (Kant, Hegel, Kierkegaard)." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010537.
Full textTorri, Elena. "Les Revendications: Christianisme et raison chez Joseph Ratzinger." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209129.
Full textDoctorat en Philosophie
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Bouchilloux, Hélène. "Apologetique et raison dans les pensees de pascal." Paris, EHESS, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990EHES0306.
Full textThis study is a consideration of the meaning to be given to the pensees. It challenges the interpretations which, considering the pensees as merely apologetical, strumble over the deliberate disorder, the enlarged comprehensiveness and the greatly increased number of protagonists. This threefold difficulty can be solved without mutilating the text if we perceive, behind the discourse about proof, which is strictly apologetical, a discourse about the ends of the proof, which is entirely different. In accordance with what he sets out in his short treatises, de l'esprit geometrique and de l'art de persuader, pascal does not aim at convincing but, by means of a demonstration akin to the verification of hypotheses in physics, at showing how reason is powerless to believe naturally and so justifying its abandonment into a faith which is a principle of judgment, as the "heart" is a principle of reasoning. While descartes' metaphysics enables reason to experience its own finitude by setting above it the incomprehensible infinity of the god who warrants its truths, pascal's apologetics, by witnessing to its corruption, adds to its demonstrative use a critical one which places theology at the centre of all its truths. It is therefore by the light of the disposal which causes the splitting up of the pensees that we must read the whole work in order to gras
Hoarau, Fabrice. "Claude Fleury (1640-1723) : la raison et l'histoire." Dijon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DIJOD009.
Full textClaude Ferry, a jurist of the second half of the XVIIth century, remains relatively unknown. His work partly reflects the juridical, political and social transformations that French society underwent in the reign of Louis XIV (with which his career coincides almost perfectly). Fleury used Roman law, which he admired, as an archetype for a rationalistic model of law. While hostile to any political and social upheaval within the organization of the kingdom, he still intended to enhance the value of agricultural activities which to him are the guarantee of economic prosperity and social order, and he made the people’s happiness the main goal for the government. His fascination for ancient societies led him to drive every value that he thought would remedy the crisis of the Grand Siècle from Jewish, Christian, Egyptian and early Roman paradigms. Likewise, rationalism played an eminent part in his reflection. His faithfulness to the absolutist model – motivated by his hatred of troubles during Medieval times and, later, the Fronde – did not dissuade the priest from bringing forward many proposals to reform the monarchical institutions, hence partly foreseeing Fénelon’s plans. Wedded to religious unity within the kingdom, he upheld related positions, sometimes liberal, but did not foster full toleration for all that. In this respect, Claude Ferry represents a valuable witness to the transition that took place in the late XVIIth century from Classical thought to Enlightenment thought
HBAIKA, GEORGES. "Raison et revelation. Essai sur gotthold ephraim lessing." Paris 4, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA040001.
Full textOur research on lessing philosophical and theological thought focuses on the relation between reason and revelation. With regard to the eighteenth century, lessing was a true enlightened and at the same time an untruthful ally of the aufklarung (enlightenment) movement. He was a true enlightened, since he considers the reason as the only trusty instrument in the search to truth, and his world vision is full of optimism. On the other hand, lessing can be depicted as an untruthful ally, since he takes asa starting-point the revelation contained in the bible, which the deists have yet rejected. In the final conclusion of his treatise the education of the human kind, lessing concepts of god and divine revelation seem to be fully reduced to the notion of an innate-life-principle that animates all beings. The proclamation of a new eternal gospel time, or the adulte human reason time, indicates obviously that lessing thought ended up by being far from christianity. Even though lessing starts his reflexion at a point the deists have denied, and he ends it at a point the deists have not yet reached, namely the pantheism, lessing links up finally with them in the same search of an absolute paradoxically measured up to human finitude
Cormier, Stéphanie. "L'idéal de la raison dans la Critique de la raison pure d'Emmanuel Kant." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/44088.
Full textPavlovits, Tamás. "La force de la raison selon Pascal." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040143.
Full textThe thesis traces the movement of reason in Pascal's work from science of nature to theology. The aim is to show that the correct use of reason plays a central role in Pascal's thinking, and that it is possible to define a non-geometrical sense of rationality. Pascal requires the methodical use of natural reason, during which natural reason necessarily recognizes its own limits by realizing that the infinity of nature resists its power of comprehension. So natural reason has to submit itself to a truth that is infinitely beyond its reach. The submission of reason has two meanings: the formation by reason a new relation to infinity through the contemplation of infinity, and the acceptance of the betting argument. Conversion complements natural reason with a supernatural light and thus opens up a new area for it. Converted reason works out a non-geometrical rationality consisting of more orders and the basic principle of which is the truth of religion: Jesus Christ
Michel, Johann. "Paul Ricoeur et les paradoxes de la raison pratique." Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EHES0094.
Full textCanevet, Marie-Ange. "La question de la technique pédagogique : raison et déraison." Lyon 2, 2003. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2003/canevet_ma.
Full textFrom analysis of propositions by Daniel Hameline, Louis Legrand and Antoine de La Garanderie, we have examined the pedagogical technique, its risk and the reversal implemented when it becomes an end in itself. The question of technique is a philosophical question, referring to an examination of ethics and the requirements of their conjunction. From Aristotle to Kant this conjunction conveys that of means and purposes, imposing a third aspect - a mental picture of Ideas which set the framework for it. But if, as Heidegger proposes, this framework is merely a smokescreen, then is not the ethics / technique conjunction simply unrealistic? The approach upheld herein rests that of responsibility of pedagogy and of its constituent humanity
Kasraoui, Naceur. "Raison herméneutique et raison critique : introduction générale de l'herméneutique de H. G. Gadamer suivi de la controverse habermassienne : thèse." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE2010.
Full textGadamer and Habermas, two great philosophers open a famous debate about two critical and hermeneutical thories. This dissertation aims at showing that there are two ways of understanding the fondamental constituents of reason. Our analysis brings to light what is at stake in the diversity of reason while setting the context ; first, we developed the history of hermeneutics, then we drew the philosophical course of Gadamer and his concept of the universality of hermeneutics and the Aufklärung issue ; the relation ship between Theory and Parxis and, at last, we tried to set the ontological alternative of hermeneutics and of critical thery, especially the one by Habermas. There is actually a controversy between Gadamer and Habermas. Our dissertation does not aim at giving an interpretation of one on the other but it intends to emphasize the conviction of both philosophers for their theories and results
Tranchant, Thibault. "Raison et création : le constructivisme et l’institutionnalisme postmétaphysiques de Cornelius Castoriadis." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1S040/document.
Full textThe purpose of this doctoral thesis is to expose Castoriadis’ poïetical and institutional answer to the following question: how can we constitute a practical universality in a postmetaphysical context. Starting with a definition of political philosophy as the progressive and institutional objectification of reason, I first show how the modern radical critic of metaphysical thoughts and the modern emergence of a procedural conception of reason were both problematic for political philosophy. The thesis is then divided into two parts. The first part is devoted to Castoriadis’ philosophy and presents his own critics of metaphysical thinking, his ontology and his theory of knowledge. I then follow the interpretative thesis according to which Castoriadis’ philosophy can be characterized as an ''ontopoïetical pluralistic constructivism'' The second part is about his conception of practical reason, which I interpret as a “postmetaphysical institutionalism”. I conclude by showing that Castoriadis offers not only new mediations between politics and philosophy but also an original conception of practical universality in the history of political philosophy. Using a comparative method, I put forward Castoriadis’ thoughts through a comparison with other philosophies that share common problems and thesis, e.g. the Hegelian-Marxian tradition and the philosophies of difference
Boucher, Jean-Christophe. "LA PARTICIPATION DES ÉTATS À LA GESTION DES CRISES INTERNATIONALES (1946-2001). Entre raison d'État et raison humanitaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28576/28576.pdf.
Full textMarkhoff, Pascal. "Le droit entre raison et déraison : contribution à l'étude du rôle de la raison dans la pratique judiciaire." Toulouse 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU10028.
Full text" If god is dead, everything is allowed ", as Dostoïevski once put it. Now, divine knowledge does not exist in law system : no godlike arbitration, no supernatural proofs. Giving the power of judging to reason alone proves chaotic and does not solve any problem : after ordeals came torture, and yet these remain uncertainty. Even worse, a reasonable use of legal ordeals is quite possible and their disappearing is but a condiiton which is neither sufficient nor necessary to the triumph of truth and reason. However judging has been devolved upon reason. Now, the law is neither rational, nor conceived as a rational system. At the root it remains reasonable, even if reasonable probability and reasonable grounds are unable to allow a positive definition. It may happen that the judge has to discard a reasonable solution. Consequently only a negative definition of the law can be thought of : the law rejects contradiction and, therefore, the irrational. But this rejection can only be conceived from a synchronic point of view : from a diachronic point of view only the unreasonable permits to define which is outside the law. Moreover, the irrational being rejected only because it is deemed as unreasonable, this latter is the basis of the true criterium of the absence of law. Supposing the signifiant is known - i. E. The unreasonable - the signified (the contents) can vary. The judiciary existentialism that results of it makes us collectively and individually responsible for our law, concerning its present reality and its future : acknowledging this distressing freedom thus becomes the necessary condition to face the problem of the meaning and the aims of the law
Voutsakis, Vassilis. "Raison pratique et droit : la technique "bilan-coût-avantages"." Montpellier 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON10006.
Full textThe administrative judge reveals the ethical dimension of his function by estimating the costs and benefits of an administrative act. The juge undertakes a rational evaluation, which is, however, irreducible to the normative predetermination. Through this evaluation, he can control discretionary power, without substituting the authorities. In this way, he demarcates himself simultaneously from the disours of law and the discourse of efficacy
Canevet, Marie-Ange Soëtard Michel. "La question de la technique pédagogique raison et déraison /." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2003. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr:8080/sdx/theses/lyon2/2003/canevet_ma.
Full textPérin, Nathalie. "François Châtelet. Le philosophe enseignant : raison et scène publique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080018.
Full textThis doctoral dissertation, probably the first on the philosopher François Châtelet (1925-1985), focuses mainly on the collective aspect of the body of work he left behind. Châtelet did much to undermine the traditional attitude of the philosophical act of creation whose aim is the acknowledgment of a single proper name – seen as the lone bearer of sense and sole owner of ideas – in order to bring to light a philosophy of the transmission of knowledge, one that is truly critical and open as a result of being stripped, in a highly original way, of the will to systematize. Since this collective dimension was for Châtelet closely tied to a reassessment of institutionalized philosophy, particular attention has been paid here to the key work La philosophie des professeurs (1970) in which he exposed the ideologizing taking place within philosophy through the curricula giving it a teachable form. For Châtelet, the defense of philosophy as a living discipline is accompanied, conversely, by a relentless critique of the images encouraging it to maintain at once a superior yet powerless role, and by a political reflection on the realities of schooling and culture. In line with these positions, philosophy's role is to become a force of resistance, to distance itself from the ends intended both by social pragmatism as well as by the collusions between administrative authorities and those who manage their systems of knowledge, and to avoid association with any form of "knowledgeable State." The present study shows that Châtelet's work – an undertaking that was simultaneously personal and collective – consequently had as one of its guiding principles the denunciation of the standardization of thought, and that it applied itself in concrete terms to tracing that standardization back to the birth of philosophy as a specific genre
Périn, Nathalie. "François Châtelet. Le philosophe enseignant : raison et scène publique." Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080018.
Full textThis doctoral dissertation, probably the first on the philosopher François Châtelet (1925-1985), focuses mainly on the collective aspect of the body of work he left behind. Châtelet did much to undermine the traditional attitude of the philosophical act of creation whose aim is the acknowledgment of a single proper name – seen as the lone bearer of sense and sole owner of ideas – in order to bring to light a philosophy of the transmission of knowledge, one that is truly critical and open as a result of being stripped, in a highly original way, of the will to systematize. Since this collective dimension was for Châtelet closely tied to a reassessment of institutionalized philosophy, particular attention has been paid here to the key work La philosophie des professeurs (1970) in which he exposed the ideologizing taking place within philosophy through the curricula giving it a teachable form. For Châtelet, the defense of philosophy as a living discipline is accompanied, conversely, by a relentless critique of the images encouraging it to maintain at once a superior yet powerless role, and by a political reflection on the realities of schooling and culture. In line with these positions, philosophy's role is to become a force of resistance, to distance itself from the ends intended both by social pragmatism as well as by the collusions between administrative authorities and those who manage their systems of knowledge, and to avoid association with any form of "knowledgeable State." The present study shows that Châtelet's work – an undertaking that was simultaneously personal and collective – consequently had as one of its guiding principles the denunciation of the standardization of thought, and that it applied itself in concrete terms to tracing that standardization back to the birth of philosophy as a specific genre
Bulté, Matthieu. "Orthodoxie du cinéma : une raison dans l'histoire." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010686.
Full textGue, Loudmie. "La théorie de la connaissance chez Descartes et Vico : imagination et raison." Thesis, Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080057/document.
Full textIn the 17th century, the Quarrel of the Ancients and the Moderns gives the opportunity to wonder about the way in which men build knowledge. Two faculties come into play: imagination and reason. Descartes, it seems, has made reason the only faculty enabling men to know. In addition, Vico highlights the imagination that actively participates in cognition in humans. Thus, the philosophical tradition tends to make the one the opposite of the other. But can we take such opposition for granted?By indulging in an analysis of the Cartesian corpus, what is it possible to bring out about the imagination? What about Vico, who in his Scienza Nuova takes into account, in an original way, those two faculties that play a great role in the question of cognition.On the one hand, critics make Vico the fierce opponent of Descartes. On the other hand, a re-reading of the Cartesian position of the imagination leads us to a reconsideration of the opposition Descartes / Vico. Vico's position allows us to consider the imagination and the reason in a relation of hierarchization and complementarity. Thus, imagination is chronologically the first faculty which appears in men. The reason follows. But does this mean that the one over the other or that one is of greater importance than the other? So where does Vico get his ideas? How does he organize these for a new perspective in the construction of knowledge? These questions invite us to consider the Descartes / Vico report as complex and ambiguous.Our work consists in fixing the status of the imagination and its relationship with reason in the two philosophers and bringing a scientific character to the first. This leads us to study the status of the two faculties, the deep relationship that exists between them when apprehending the real
Fleuriel, Sébastien. "Sport de haut niveau ou sport d'élite ? : la raison culturelle contre la raison économique : sociologie des stratégies de contrôle d'état de l'élite sportive." Nantes, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NANT3020.
Full textOne needs to break off with the common representation of performances as a result of natural abilities in order to grasp "high-standard sport" as a social construction with its own history. The state doesn't legally acknowledge the status of high standard athlete before 1975, but this acknowledgement is a real turning point: it is the completion of a sports policy developped by the state, which intervenes more and more in the expansion of practices and more specificially in elite sport. For more than 50 years, public authorities will take care of anything which has to do with sports before imposing a new population wich they control: high standard athletes. This new population replaces the sports coming from clubs. High standard sport and elite sport do not cover the same stakes, and one has to distinguish them before understanding them. By controlling high standard, the state controls the means of production of performances in the same time. But for the athletes, two ways of practising sport are in competition: amateurism and professionalism. The economical mediation implies that the opposition between the 2 practises can be substituted by an opposition between the economical field and the domain of sports, which tends to make practices work as a large market of the sports show, where the elite seems to obey economical dictates. There is therefore a struggle for the control of the elite between the state, who proposes a definition of "high standard sport" based on amateurism, and the economical field which tends to isolate elite in professionalism
Lorelle, Paula. "La raison à l'épreuve du sensible : depuis Husserl et Levinas." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040193.
Full textA new idea of reason was born with phenomenology. Beyond the opposition between rationalism andirrationalism, and against its Kantian reduction to a faculty, reason is redefined in the light of the experiencethat it enables to describe. But the difficulty arises when we attempt to reach the rationality of the sensibleexperience itself, in its own irreducibility to the demands of reason - in its irreducible peculiarity, complexity,lack and indetermination. Under which conditions can we think a logic of the sensible without betrayingsensibility or compromising reason? Husserl’s project of a “logic-of-the-world” requires, in its understandingas in its renewal, a reevaluation of the concepts of “reason” and “sensibility”. This dissertation consists in acritical study of these concepts, from these two main moments of their unfolding: their Husserlian inaugurationand their Levinassian radicalization. From a historical point of view, this choice enables us to assess thisphenomenological extension of reason - from an intellectual conception of sensibility in Husserl, to itsLevinassian depth. From a problematical point of view, this choice enables us to lead the problem to its finalterms, where the sensible is not made of meaning anymore, but appears in its very irrationality - whensensibility is not the perceptive grasp of an identity, but an affective exposure to otherness. Thought in itsfundamental equivocity, sensibility must be the place of a renewed challenge of reason, the critical principle ofthe rationality used by its description
Jean, Michel. "Imagination et schématisme dans la Critique de la raison pure." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq25320.pdf.
Full textShe, Shiqin. "Hölderlin : critique de la raison et habitation poétique de l'homme." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00728015.
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