Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Et le libre arbitre et le déterminisme'
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Ouellet, Julien. "Le scepticisme à propos du libre arbitre." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27157.
Full textDuchesne-Pelletier, Olivier. "La structure psychologique du libre arbitre chez saint Thomas d'Aquin." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28135.
Full textLe, Gousse Ghislain. "Liberté, responsabilité morale et déterminisme causal : enquête sur le pouvoir d'agir autrement." Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NANT3034.
Full textDubois, Michel. "Le vivant et l'indéterminé." Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT5006.
Full textVachon, Claude. "La liberté, l'indétermination et la détermination : contribution à la résolution réflexive de leurs rapports antinomiques par l'examen psychologique de l'immatérialité transcendantale, du pouvoir spirituel et de la vérité intellectuelle." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/46845.
Full textGénéralement et régulièrement admis en philosophie de l'esprit, l'immatérialité transcendantale, le pouvoir spirituel et la vérité intellectuelle (comme leurs équivalents scientifiques respectifs: la computation fonctionnelle, la causalité psychologique et le réalisme psychologique) génèrent les rapports antinomiques de la liberté, de l'indétermination et de la détermination. L'antinomie de la liberté et de la détermination résume les difficultés auxquelles se heurte la triple affirmation de l'immatérialité transcendantale, du pouvoir spirituel et de la vérité intellectuelle. En effet, dans la mesure où le pouvoir spirituel des réflexions pragmatiques est censée être le truchement de la liberté, il fait de la détermination un problème. Et, dans la mesure où la vérité intellectuelle des connaissances théorétiques est censé être le truchement de la détermination, elle fait de la liberté un problème. La recherche d'une solution à ces antinomies est devenue une possibilité thématique pour la philosophie en opposant l'immatérialité transcendantale à l'immanence psychologique (comme pour la science en opposant la computation fonctionnelle à la mentalité consciente), ou encore en sauvant le pouvoir spirituel par une limitation du réalisme psychologique, ou en faisant l'inverse (sauver la vérité intellectuelle par une limitation de la causalité psychologique). Or, dans la perspective psychologique, l'esprit en général (y compris l'idée, ou le concept) est matériellement immanent (l'esprit ne peut s'affranchir de la matière, bien qu'il soit formellement transcendantal), pragmatiquement et historiquement inefficace (l'esprit ne crée pas l'humanité, bien qu'il soit conditionnellement causal) et théorétiquement schématique ou algorithmique (l'esprit ne comprend pas l'essence intégrale du monde, bien qu'il soit réaliste sous caution). Aussi bien, l'exercice réel, libre et complet de la motricité vivante, de son émotivité et de sa sensitivité ne s'aperçoit, à travers la mentalité transcendantale, la réflexion pragmatique et la connaissance théorétique, ni pendant ni après ni avant l'action (et l'omission), l'émotion et la sensation. L'immanence, la liberté et la réalité bien comprises sont des «propriétés» de la motricité vivante et de la sensibilité, non celles de l'esprit (ou mentalité). Elles sont conjointement une condition nécessaire bien qu'insuffisante de la responsabilité axiologique. La valeur axiologique comme mode d'être se caractérise ultimement par la bonté, ou la malice, des conduites, des émois et des constats, non par les mauvaises et bonnes, ou les empiriques et intellectuelles, raisons, consciences et intentions qui les accompagnent, suivent et précèdent.
Chassé, François. "La liberté et la responsabilité dans la pensée d'Aristote." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24654/24654.pdf.
Full textLukac, Mate. "Condition humaine dans une théologie théocentrique et une psychologie béhavioriste : intersections entre libre arbitre et conditionnement." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAK011/document.
Full textMan has at all times sensed his self-importance, reaffirming his own sovereign dominion over the rest that surrounds him. Expressions of arts, unveilings of sciences, musings of philosophy, and reflections in theology announced, maintained and transmitted anthropocentric conception. Any serious attempt to question it would meet a stern reprimand. The experiences of the radical behaviorism in psychology and in a protestant realm of a theocentric theology in the second half of 20th century can attest to its effect. The present study aims to restate the facts as they were originally intended. Largely, around two main protagonists, James Gustafson in theology and B.F. Skinner in psychology, it is shown how in the crossroad circulation the inherently porous notions of free will and of conditioning can convey a mutual correction with a reciprocal enhancement
Duarte, Sandra. "Entre déterminisme et libre arbitre : les images emblématiques de la Fortune dans le roman néo-grec espagnol (1604-1657)." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CLF20012/document.
Full textIn the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, thanks to the writings of Achilles Tatiusand Heliodorus of Emesa, two Greek authors who lived the first centuries of the Christian era, the Spanish writers rediscover a new particular genre. Those books are either labeled as adventure novels or Byzantine novels. Both the terms “novel” and “Byzantine” are inadequate since those books deal with storylines in prose or in verse dating back to the end of the fifth century, that is to say prior to what is commonly and historically termed as the Byzantine era. We will stick to the expressions “Spanishand Greek novel” or “Baroque novel” as taken up by Georges Molinié in order to label this new fictional genre in which we can perceive the development of a literature more in terms with the ethic and a esthetic standards of the Horacian « utile dulci ».Influenced by the political and religious frame of the Counter Reformation, the Spanish and Greek novel or « Baroque novel » exposes in an underlying way the theme of the diatribe about free will and predestination. The role played byProvidence and Fate in those novels, in particular under their emblematic form, is revealing of the Catholic dogmas defended during the Council of Trent. In the four books of the corpus (El peregrino en su patria by Lope de Vega, Los trabajos de Persiles y Sigismunda written by Miguel de Cervantes, Historia deHipólito y Aminta by Francisco de Quintana, Baltasar Gracian’s El Criticón) the issues of determinism and salvation are being raised. This occurs either during thedialogues, or in the development of the plot through the appearance of phenomena of astrological prediction or of other natures dealing with the notions of Fortune and Destiny. In the same way, the characters – through the way they act and behave –evoke the notion of free will, thus underlining the importance of the actions they accomplish in order to secure their salvation
Appourchaux, Krystele. "Le libre arbitre au risque des neurosciences : l'apport d'une neurophénoménologie de l'attention." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040136.
Full textThe concept of free will seems now to be threatened by recent advances in neuroscience. In the first chapter, we examine the debate concerning the compatibility of free will and causal determinism. The second chapter studies the thesis of the epiphenomenalism of consciousness by making an inventory of the experimental data currently available. The theory defended by Daniel Wegner is analyzed and leads us to take into account the limitations of consciousness, which are also supported by experimental psychology. These limitations are examined in the third chapter, in which we draw a parallel between the notions of cognitive unconscious and psychoanalytic unconscious, allowing us to redefine voluntary action in light of these limitations. In the last chapter, we defend a neurophenomenological approach, according to which a study of consciousness must necessarily take into account first-person as well as third-person data, in order for each of these types of data to inform the other. This approach, which requires a training of attentional capacities in order to best describe lived experience, allows not only to consider new research perspectives about decision making, but also a new definition of free will as an apprenticeship. This redefinition is based on neuroscientific studies about attentional mechanisms, as well as on the examination of the therapeutic virtues of certain redirection of attention techniques
Paillard, Christophe. "La justification de la nécessité : recherche sur le sens et sur les origines du fatalisme moderne." Lyon 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO31018.
Full textGosselin-Lavoie, Pierre-Louis. "Approches philosophiques de la conversion chez Pascal et Kierkegaard." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29911/29911.pdf.
Full textThévenet, Anne. "Ralph Cudworth et les fondements de la morale." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF20016.
Full textReato, Elisa. "La liberté pour quoi faire ? : éthique et politique de l’engagement chez Sartre." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100078.
Full textThe notion of “engagement” has become central to contemporary moral and political philosophy. This study focuses on Jean-Paul Sartre’s theory of engagement and starts from the assumption that this notion carries with it a new conception of the subject. Most interpretations of Sartre’s engagement theory are founded on the traditional idea of the writer’s commitment and do not consider the works as a whole. Our project goes much further in this direction. The starting point of this investigation is Sartre’s hypothesis which defines man’s freedom in situation, distinct from the conception promoted by the traditional theory of freedom. In order to define the concept of engagement, we investigate the problem in Sartre’s philosophical, literary and political works. This comparison leads us to develop a triadic conception of engagement according to which it can be understood as an anthropological category, as well as a moral and a political one. This research is composed of four chapters, each dealing with a different aspect of “engagement”: chapter 1 investigates the notion of freedom; chapter 2 examines the problem of the other; chapter 3 specifies the consequences in ethics; chapter 4 analyses the possible issues in response to contemporary matters. Finally, we focus on the ambiguity of man’s condition in order to highlight the implications of Sartre’s conception of engagement
Jean, Rhéa. "La prostitution : un frein à l'autonomie sexuelle des femmes." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26313.
Full textEn s’inspirant des philosophies morale, politique et féministe, cette thèse de philosophie cherche à démontrer en quoi la prostitution représente un frein à l’autonomie sexuelle des femmes. Dans un premier temps, l’auteure cherche à définir la prostitution et se questionne sur le fait que la conception libérale de liberté de choix et de pluralité des conceptions du bien tend à légitimer cette pratique. Elle s’attarde sur le point de vue abolitionniste, qui conçoit la prostitution comme une exploitation sexuelle, de même que sur certains auteures féministes qui ont montré comment les inégalités entre les sexes constituent le socle sur lequel l’échange économico-sexuel devient une norme prenant plusieurs formes. L’auteure s’attarde, dans le second chapitre, sur le concept d’autonomie et sur la façon dont nous pouvons le comprendre dans sa conception plus substantielle que procédurale. Si l’auteure considère le concept d’autonomie comme central, elle avance néanmoins, à l’instar de Marilyn Friedman et des théoriciens libéraux perfectionnistes, qu’il nous faut comprendre l’autonomie dans le contexte de socialisation, particulièrement lorsqu’il s’agit de situations qui affectent les femmes. Dans le troisième chapitre, l’auteure aborde, de façon critique, différentes conceptions de la sexualité. En s’inspirant du féminisme radical, des philosophes libéraux, ainsi que des travaux de Michela Marzano, l’auteure propose une éthique de l’autonomie sexuelle qui puisse tenir compte à la fois des choix individuels et de la protection des individus. Cette conception éthique de la sexualité, proposée par l’auteure, permet de comprendre en quoi l’échange de sexualité contre des biens hétérogènes s’avère incompatible avec l’autonomie sexuelle. Enfin, le dernier chapitre démontre en quoi les notions de choix et de consentement doivent être compris dans leur contexte social : il ne s’agit pas de nier que les personnes prostituées ne peuvent être des agents comme les autres, mais il nous faut comprendre comment la prostitution, indépendamment de l’agentivité des personnes, représente non seulement une atteinte à l’autonomie sexuelle, mais également une atteinte à la vie privée et à la sphère intime de la sexualité par le monde du travail et le capitalisme. L’auteure conclut en mettant l’accent sur la responsabilité des pouvoirs publics à favoriser, de façon cohérente, la séparation entre la sexualité et le travail, ainsi qu’à aider les femmes à sortir de la prostitution. Mots-clés : prostitution; autonomie; consentement; philosophie; féminisme; sexualité; travail; éthique.
Boss, Marc. "Le principe de l'autonomie chez Paul Tillich : ses sources kantiennes et post-kantiennes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0004/NQ39337.pdf.
Full textKebir, Mehdi. "Le libre arbitre du juge." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR1003/document.
Full textConsidered as the power to impose his deliberate will in the settlement of a dispute brought before him, the judge's free will is an ambivalent formula. On the one hand, it triggers rejection because it reawakens the longstanding fear of the "government of judges" inherited from the monarchic culture. On the other hand, one cannot believe that the achievement of law through justice can be reduced to a mere mechanical activity leaving no room for the judge's will. This contradictory apprehension of the judge's free will results in an issue related to the value this free will should be granted. It has benefits : as a component of the art of judging, it impacts both the way the facts are approached and the way law is a applied. However, the judge's free will also has a darker side. It might shift and turn into arbitrary. The signs of the judge's arbitrary mobilise instruments for combating the threat, but none of them succeeds in eradicating it. Hence, free will is at the heart of a delicate balance witnessing the complexity of the function of judging
Ko, Han-Jin. "La question du libre arbitre chez Augustin : sources du libre arbitre et concept philosophique de l'acte volontaire humain." Thesis, Paris, EPHE, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EPHE5024.
Full textAlthough Augustine’s philosophical concept of free will occupies a special place in the history of philosophy, the philosophical arguments about free will are based on the theories of ancient philosophers. This thesis focuses on four ancient philosophical approaches, elaborated respectively by the Stoics, Cicero, Alexander of Aphrodisias, and Plotinus. Augustine accepts the principle of the fragmentary movement of the will, the forms of freedom and the relationship between divine providence and human freedom, etc., offered by the ancient philosophers, but free will in Augustine takes on more shape in his arguments with the Manichaeans and the Pelagians. In his argument with the Manichaeans, Augustine first focuses on human free will in relation to the problem of the cause of evil. He develops a philosophical logic to support his concept and defend it against the Manicheans’ attacks. The cause of evil is not the evil nature of the soul or the result of the will of God, but of our free will. In his argument with the Pelagians, his philosophical concept of free will enters a new phase. Without divine grace, human will is too weak to restrain themselves from making sin. Thus, even if a man has his own volition, the ability of human will is weakened by original sin. Nonetheless, in Augustinian thought, the human will is not constrained by outside powers. Thus, the power of choice is voluntary and free
Sadovska, Evelina. "Illusions perdues et le Swedenborgisme Balzacien entre Le serf arbitre de Luther et Le libre arbitre d'Érasme." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/32321.
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French, Hispanic, and Italian Studies, Department of
Graduate
Hallak, Aziz. "Libre arbitre et prédestination dans l'islam et le christianisme oriental arabe, VIIe-XIIIe siècle." Paris 4, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040075.
Full textThe human person's relationship with God is the main preoccupation of any religion. Now this relation is conceived as having two aspects: free will and predetermination. This is why this question has been the subject of discussion and controversy in the history of religious thought and became early on a subject of discussion between Muslim Mutakallimuns and Christian theologians belonging to the different eastern churches. The present work intends to introduce this interreligious debate by presenting texts of some of the Christian authors who wrote in Arabic. While defending human free will, these authors tried to reconcile it with the divide omnipotence, with god's foreknowledge and providence. At the same time, they tried to respond to existential questions like the problem of evil and the inequalities among persons. And they attempted, finally, to present the Christian conception of the relationship between God and the human person
Marques, Maria Janaina. "Le libre-arbitre chez Augustin." Thesis, Tours, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUR2026/document.
Full textIn order to consider the free choice of the will, Augustine has to mobilize concepts already established about the divine nature, the nature of evil and also the nature of the human soul. As such concepts change, the free choice of the will takes on different features until it reaches its most defined form, in which it is revealed as the origin of moral evil – without reference to the divine authorship – and in which it is also revealed as essentially vicious – without any alternative but to accept divine aid. Therefore, if on the one hand the free choice of the will does not entail a relationship between God and the cause of evil, on the other hand it requires the relationship between God and the only way to stop evil. The objective of this work is to analyse the conceptual webs entailed in the concept of free choice, viewing it as a reading key capable of evidencing a certain internal logic in the movement involving Augustine's conversion to Christianity
Para considerar o livre-arbítrio da vontade, Agostinho deve mobilizar concepções já estabelecidas sobre a natureza divina, sobre a natureza do mal e também sobre a natureza da alma humana. À medida que tais concepções se modificam, o livre-arbítrio da vontade assume contornos diversos até obter sua forma mais acabada, na qual se revela como raiz do mal moral – sem nada referir à autoria divina – e na qual se revela também como essencialmente viciado – sem ter outra alternativa senão a de aceitar a ajuda divina. Assim, se de um lado o livre-arbítrio da vontade não exige relacionar Deus com a causa do mal, de outro lado exige relacionar Deus com a única forma de corrigir o mal. Nosso trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar as tramas conceituais supostas na concepção de livre-arbítrio, vendo nesta uma chave de leitura com força de evidenciar certa lógica interna no movimento envolvendo a conversão de Agostinho ao cristianismo
Paulson, Alexander. "Voluntas : force d’âme, libre arbitre et volonté du peuple chez Cicéron." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040197.
Full textThe will : few words feature in so many distinct debates, nor range so vastly from the simple to the sacred. This thesis is intended to provide a thorough study of the notion of will in Cicero, and of the new semantic pathways he opens for posterity. The role attributed to him in genealogies of the will has been relatively minor. But digital archives confirm a curious fact: all extant Latin texts prior to his lifetime yield around two dozen occurrences of voluntas and its cognates. In the texts we have, Cicero uses the word 644 times. His theology examines the character of the world determined by the mens ac voluntas of the gods, and the improvement of the soul in the contemplation of divine will. Voluntas propels and inspires Cicero’s study of emotion in criminal liability. In the Tusculan Disputations and De officiis, he adapts Stoic ethics to propose the will as locus of moral progress. Further, it was Cicero, not Lucretius as some have argued, who first considered the “freedom” of human will – as a 36-year-old prosecutor, and then in the De fato, where his argument for libera voluntas marshals the Stoa and Academy to repudiate the Epicureans. Finally, Cicero invents “the will of the people” as we know it. Rome’s greatest orator and the pioneer of political thought in Latin, he makes voluntas populi the catalyzing force of a sovereign republic. So too does he sow problems of elite “trusteeship” into his notion of popular will, problems which electoral democracies still struggle to resolve
Rannikko, Esa. "Liberum arbitrium and necessitas : a philosophical inquiry into Augustine's conception of the will /." Helsinki : Luther-Agricola-Society, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36971957w.
Full textKrygier, Rivon. "Le problème de l'omniscience et du libre arbitre chez les philosophes juifs du Moyen Age." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA040046.
Full textWithin the scope of this thesis, we propose essentially to analyse and compare the attempts on the part of Jewish philosophers, with particular reference to three of the most eminent Jewish thinkers of the mediaeval period - maimonides, gersonides and crescas - to accept the challenge posed by a fundamental theological contradiction : what can be the meaning of free will if, in fact, choice as exercized by man is always, and necessarily, that anticipated by g-d? And if one assumes that human decisions are by their nature unpredictable, what, in that case, is determined by divine knowledge? The implications which arise from attempts at conciliation touch on the essential areas of theology : providence, divine attributes, determinism etc. The comparison of systems of thought, studied in the light of their context and chronology enables the drawing up of four kinds of solution : namely, (para) logical; metalogical; radicalistic; harmonizing. Yet this same comparison also enables an outlining of the historical evolution of Jewish thought and to reveal the intellectual assumptions and impressions made by the philosophical and theological concepts of contemporary thought from outside the Jewish frame of reference. The epilogue contains an outline of the new perspectives of post-modern Jewish thinking
Timmermann, Jens. "Sittengesetz und Freiheit : Untersuchungen zu Immanuel Kants Theorie des freien Willens /." Berlin : W. de Gruyter, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40128515d.
Full textBenjamins, Hendrik Simon. "Eingeordnete Freiheit : Freiheit und Vorsehung bei Origenes /." Leiden : E. J. Brill, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb388544468.
Full textVogt-Spira, Gregor. "Dramaturgie des Zufalls : Tyche und Handeln in der Komödie Menanders /." München : C. H. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb355749611.
Full textDalmon, Laurence Mattei Paul. "La Correspondance échangée entre les églises d'Afrique et de Rome à l'occasion de la controverse pélagienne (416-418) traduction, commentaire et annotations d'un dossier de l'épistolaire augustinien /." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2006. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2006/dalmon_l.
Full textGinter, Patrick. "Une approche évolutionniste des systèmes d’information et de communication dans les organisations contemporaines." Paris 9, 2009. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2009PA090021.
Full textThis research-action in management sciences is placed at the crossroads between information, firm and life theories. Its objective was to understand and characterize the processes of emergence and evolution of the information and communication systems (ICS), using an integrative and global angle taking into account cognitive and environmental factors, and including the actor within the definition of the ICS. The evolutionary approach of the populations of ISC represents a continuous and non linear dynamics, according to gradualist try-mistake-selection-retention cycles, and a dual saltationist scheme. The long term indeterminism principle highlights the game of random and necessity around the actors in and around the ICS, as well as the effect of the entropic time arrow. The evolution is realized through competition, association or cooperation, and is characterized by the transmission of a teleonomic patrimony submitted to selective variations within the time, and which reflects the primary functions of the ICS. It is structured on genomic bases of knowledge and relations, mobilized and operationalized through the ways of competences and routines (intrinsic dimensions of the ICS), that will allow the satisfacing of the environment according to the context and the problem to be solved (extrinsic dimensions). The managerial implications of this research crystallize a more integrative vision of the ISC seen as factors of continuous innovation, and which processes of evolution can be facilitated according to the complexity of the problem to be solved, and the constraints linked to the historical and environmental context
Boulanger, Pierre. ""Rencontres paradoxales" : un défi au hasard et à la fatalité." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05H026.
Full textWhat makes two former friends meet unexpectedly in a very unlikely place ? Mocking fortune or invisibles links guiding us without our knowing ? The goal of this doctoral research is to put in light, on the one hand how such situations have been interpreted in human history, on the other hand, what conclusions can be drawn from a very acute analysis of practical cases. This study has brought progress in knowlelge, both in psychosociological fields that are still viewed by scientists with reluctance, and in experimental research applied to complex phenomena. The issues raised in this research affect many people. Practically everyone has once experienced some paradoxical encounter. This questions our own contribution to the chain of events that lead to a paradoxical encounter, and our responsibility for its final outcome
This, Saint-Jean Isabelle. "Anticipations et croyances autoréalisatrices : indétermination ou prise en compte des "facteurs psychologiques" en économie." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010015.
Full textThis thesis analyse the concept of self-fulfilling in economics. This notion, first defined in sociology and in epistemology in the forties, has been introduce in economics at the end of the seventees, specially with the problem of multiplicity of rational expectations equilibria. First, coming back to the ancient texts, we show the necessity of a new definition of this notion. Then we show that this concept has been used in two different ways. First, as an theorical tool wich allow to account of real phenomena. Secondly, as a mean to show methodological difficulties in social sciences and in economics. In the second part, we argue that this two dimensions of the notion of self-fulfilling are present in the recent economic analysis. We hase first specified the relations between rational expectations and the concept of sel-fulfilling expectations and beliefs. Then we show that the models with a multiplicity of rational expectations equilibria (specially, rational bubbles and sunspots equilibria) could be interpreted, either as a criticism of the rational expectation hypothesis, or as a way of describing the influence of beliefs on the evolution of economy
Notez, Maël. "Désordre moral et justice pénale : contribution à l'étude des théories de la qualification et de la responsabilité applicables à l'aliéné, en France, au XIXe siècle." Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020054.
Full textLet us consider that criminal law, regardless of the competent court, must not fail to attract curiosity of the publicist and, of course, of the gentleman. This research, in a cross-border approach, is organized around the criminal responsibility of the insane at a historic moment, the XIX century, where the study of the mental health (diseases), in the process of specialisation, is developing on a humanist background. It is an important period because we can get from it the first theoritical contributions regarding the qualification of mental illness – « state of dementia » in the word of the old criminal code. Qualification, that is to say definition. Therefore, a simple interrogation determine this study : what is the proper critérium of the mental illness ? The verb « to be » must be understood, at the same time, in a descriptive (factual) and prescriptive (normative) approach. In other words, restoring the criteriums suggested by the alienists and jurists, but also find the one (or those) which should be withheld. Knowing that mental illness constitue a cause of non-accountability and that accountability (imputability) gives a definition or an anthropology of the « normal » man, we need to take seriously the foundations of penalty : the qualification of mental illnes depends on the anthropological basis (and the same is true about the alienist science). It still depends of the « qualification scheme » or « scheme of responsability » : is that an absence of responsability due to a cause of non-accountability with or without partial responsability (two blocs theory) ? A diminished responsability (three blocs theory) ? Or a scheme where there is no irresponsability at all (result of a positivist anthropology) ? Finally, it also depends of the theory of penalty. These three varaibles are interconnected in a complex ways which need to be enlightened. Above all, we want to show to what extent the abandonment of a voluntarist conception, embedded in a dualist scheme of responsibility, three blocs theory with a disctinction between diminishment and abolition of the mental capacity, could bring for qualification effort
Belgum, Eunice. "Knowing better : an account of akrasia /." New York ; London : Garland, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb356983806.
Full textSpandonis, Sophie. "L'imagination du monde interieur. Ecritures de la psychologie dans les recits de la decadence, de ludine (1883) a monsieur de phocas (1901)." Paris 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA030085.
Full textDalmon, Laurence. "La Correspondance échangée entre les églises d'Afrique et de Rome à l'occasion de la controverse pélagienne (416-418) : traduction, commentaire et annotations d'un dossier de l'épistolaire augustinien." Lyon 2, 2006. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2006/dalmon_l.
Full textMendoza, Bustos Sergio Antonio. "Le problème du volontaire chez Aristote." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/43580.
Full textBardou, Jacques. "Penser la liberté à partir d'un dialogue entre Bergson et Maritain." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100024.
Full textWe begin (chapteriv) with three short chapters comparing biographies of both authors. Then, four long chapters constitue the dialogue itself. Firstly we ask wether, as bergson writes, the existence of a free will is improveable and if this supposed inability to analyse freedom is a manifestation of the possibility of freedom. We then ask (chapter v) how the constituent determinism (physical or psychic) of each human being can lead to responsability. By tackling the preceeding chapter in more depth, chapter vi confronts the question of knowing how far one can think of a divine freedom. As the reply to the question "why is there something rather than nothing?", a question in which bergson believes he sees the expression of a non-issue. Consequently, our chapter vii asks how for philosophy can take into account an eventual encounter between such divine creator freedom and human freedom. We are thus lead to question the restrictive meaning th at kant gives to the verb" to think" and to place our two authors in contrast to certain aspects of the thoughts of descartes, spinoza, leibniz, freud, heidegger, sartre
Chiche, Sarah. "Dieu, le monde et l’homme : Une analyse sur la liberté d’action et la conscience chez quelques personnages du XVIIe siècle." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Franska, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-36051.
Full textCorneille and Racine are two emblematic authors of the 17th century classic tragedy. It features characters of high rank from the nobility and/or from royal blood. The aim of this thesis is an analysis and a reflection, through female and male characters on a corpus of four of their works, in the field of free will and consciousness. These characters represent the tragic hero, coming from the aristocracy and/or of royal blood. Our choice is for Corneille, Polyeucte and Le Cid and for Racine, it is Andromaque and Britannicus. The method is based mainly on Goldmann’s book Le dieu caché and mainly the concept of three spheres: of the divine, the world and mankind. The analysis is focused on the protagonists’ ability to use free will, to make use of the will and on the notion of consciousness.The complexity of this study has been in the complexity of the characters and in the coexistence of the three spheres of the divine, of the world and of mankind, in which there are various subtleties especially since the spheres interact between them.By the same ways, it is complex to measure the will, free will of the characters. Through the studied tragedies, we can see the central place of women, the difference between man and woman in the matter of their free will, the place of emotions in characters.
Goglin, Jean-Marc. "La liberté humaine chez Thomas d'Aquin." Phd thesis, Ecole pratique des hautes études - EPHE PARIS, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00595478.
Full textPeigné, Jérôme. "Nécessité universelle et liberté humaine dans la philosophie de Giordano Bruno : sources et interprétation de leur compatibilité." Thesis, Tours, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUR2004.
Full textThe evocation of the Italian Renaissance of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries is often synonymous with the spread of a new human thought, exalting the forgotten values of human excellence and freedom. For a philosopher like Giordano Bruno (1548-1600), the problem of freedom does not arise as easily as it does for other great authors of Quattrocento and Cinquecento (such as Marsilio Ficino or Pico della Mirandola). His heroic defiance of ecclesiastical authority and his execution by the Inquisition on 17 February 1600 onto the Campo de’ Fiori, exemplifies his long struggle to free philosophy from the trammels of revealed religion. Bruno can claim to be the first thinker since Antiquity to integrate a cosmology, physics, ethics and psychology into a system of philosophy (nova filosofia). Despite sometimes inconsistent terminology and often apparent contradictions, Bruno’s philosophy has a real inner coherence and can be seen as announcing Spinoza’s. However, unlike the latter’s determinism, Bruno maintains that human being is endowed with a free will, opposing Luther’s theses and agreeing with Erasmus. Nonetheless, his affirmation of human freedom, intimately linked to the ethical and religious problems of his time, is not without causing tensions with regard to his metaphysical conception of the actual infinity in the universe. The purpose of this work is to analyse the brunian thesis of the compossibility of human freedom with the divine necessity expressed in a metamorphic and infinite universe, by seeking, in a first part, the sources of its compatibility and by interpreting, in a second part, the way in which Bruno reconciles liberty and necessity
Neumann, Waltraud Maria. "Die Stellung des Gottesbeweises in Augustins De libero arbitrio." Hildesheim ; New York : G. Olms, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb34991613k.
Full textSidhoum-Rahal, Djohar. "Les fondements du droit pénal à l’épreuve des neurosciences : perspective comparée entre système continental et système de Common Law." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100142.
Full textThe dissertation examines the integration of neuroscience in criminal justice with potential evolutions towards a new evidence system. The system would then be centered around the study of the human body itself to grasp the criminal mind and such a change would have consequences on the main principles of criminal law. In my thesis, I argue that courts cannot use a scientific technique as evidence without importing some basic assumptions from the science in question. As a result, explaining behavior based on neuroscience that challenges the idea of free will would lead to a redefinition of the subject in criminal law, both in common law and in civil law systems
Labooy, Guus H. "Freedom and dispositions : two main concepts in theology and biological psychiatry, a systematic analysis /." Frankfurt am Main : P. Lang, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39088558w.
Full textVanlerberghe, Gilles. "La liberté accordée aux élèves par les étudiants en EPS en situation de pré-professionnalisation : contribution d'un modèle conatif à l'optimisation du curriculum enseignant." Littoral, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DUNK0183.
Full textIn the context of the initial training in physical and sporting education (EPS), our research tries to show that the students who are in pre-professionalization, grant more and more freedom to their pupils thanks to the teaching experience they have gathered during their years of study. We consider that the respect for the order in class, the contents of the teaching and their passing on, the organization and safety are some of the clues for observing this more or less granted and/or supervised freedom. Therefore, in a first part that we called the “how to say it”, we studied the words the students associate with “teaching skills” to extract a few conative inclinations compared to the year of study. Then, we questioned them about their intentions of granting freedom to their pupils. If their intentions go in the direction of a growing freedom, reality contradicts them. Indeed, they grant less freedom when they are in front of their pupils than they say they would do. In a second part, called “how to do it”, we measured the gap they may be between intentions and reality. Some conative self-confrontation interviews and some pre-professional training advices will complete our study
Dispersyn, Eléonore. "Kant, Fichte, Schelling: essai sur la nature du mal." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210810.
Full textDoctorat en Philosophie
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Nivoit, Maryvonne. "Les différends anthropologiques dans la séparation entre catholiques et protestants : approches historique, systématique et oecuménique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAK009/document.
Full textAn issue has been ever recurring : are the discords which have been going on since sixteenth century between Catholics, Lutherans, Calvinists as much anthropological as theological ? As this question can be supported it seems suitable to determine these anthropological disagreements, analyse them and wonder whether or not they are obstacle to the Κοινωνία. A study concerning the situation during the XVIth century has allowed to conclude that the anthropological concepts conveyed by an existential philosophy have played a mojor role in the severing within the Western Church. The return on the thoughts developed by Pannenberg, Moltmann and Rahner, theologians of three different confessions, allows us to tell that in the XXth. century man’s vision has always an incidence on the theological concepts but are less and less separative and are often gifts to be shared. The analysis of ecumenical dialogues have clearly shown that theanthropological disagreements have been partly reconciled and are now subject to consensus, even a joint declaration on the doctrine of justification. Today we have to take up a challenge about a declaration on the ministry in order to share the body of Christ at the same table. A differing consensus method could be a help to find a complete communion
Vandenbussche, Hanna. "Le moi, idole d'une volonté désarmée : Pascal, critique de la liberté cartésienne." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCH019.
Full textQuite often, Pascal is presented as the main critic of Cartesian optimism about human reason. Indeed, Pascal's oeuvre is full of examples that underline the weakness of the capacity that "would like to judge everything" (Laf. 110). In a fragment of his Entretien avec Monsieur de Sacy, Pascal was delighted to find in Montaigne a brother in arms for having dethroned reason: "I cannot see without joy in this author the superb reason so invincibly offended by his own weapons" (Pascal, Entretien avec Monsieur de Sacy, éd. Laf., p. 295)But what if we apply this expression not to reason, but to the human will? Pascal does not only criticize the force of reason, he also attacks, first and foremost, the idea of a free will that is naturally inclined towards truth and goodness and that constitutes the source of a just relationship with oneself.For Pascal, the will is not an inalienable force, a power of self-determination and self-mastery. Posing that "we only possess lies" (Laf. 131), that "we only have an impotent instinct for happiness" (Laf. 131) and that "we want to live an imaginary live in the eyes of the others" (Laf. 806), Pascal denies that our relationship to truth, the good, and ourselves depends on the use of free will.How can the self (le moi) be interpreted in relation to the will? In the Pascalian universe, freedom as a condition for self-discovery has become illusory: the self betrays the presence of an unarmed will, that is, a will that no longer has firm judgments to oppose violent passions. In this sense, Pascal’s notion of the self goes beyond a simple criticism of the Cartesian ego cogito. If Pascal questions himself about the self, his aim is not only to decentralize or de-substantialize the ego from the Meditatio Secunda. Instead of focusing on a comparative study between the Cartesian ego and the Pascalian moi, I have interpreted the notion of the self in Pascal as a triple critique of the Cartesian free will: the self expresses our incapacity (1) to reach the truth (being related to the lie), (2) to achieve happiness (the self being closely linked to le divertissement) and (3) to relate to ourselves authentically
Delmulle, Jérémy. "Prosper d’Aquitaine contre Jean Cassien Introduction, édition critique, traduite et annotée du Liber contra collatorem." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040053.
Full textThe Liber contra collatorem is a treatise written in 432-433 by Prosper of Aquitaine, who refutes the positions taken by a certain “lecturer”, by which John Cassian is meant, author of the Conferences. As an advocate of Augustine and of his doctrine of grace, Prosper has provided in this work most fully his criticism of the theories expressed by the bishop of Hippo’s Southern-French opponents. In order to do this, Prosper built only on excerpts from Conference nr. 13, “On the protection of God”. The first part of this thesis addresses the principal aspects of the work: the purpose of the treatise, the modus operandi, the literary genre, polemical practices, and theological issues. In doing so, this thesis defends the hypothesis that Prosper wrote his treatise in order to assemble a sufficiently argued file to obtain an official condemnation by the bishop of Rome of what has been called “Semipelagianism” and thus the recognition of the authority of the Augustinian doctrine of grace. The second part presents a study of the manuscript tradition of the treatise and of its medieval testimonies, which allows unraveling a rich and complex textual history. Hence, a new edition is justified, the first critical one, correcting and replacing the textus receptus dating from 1711, which is problematic at various points. The edition here presented is provided with a French translation and annotated in order to cast light on the most important or les easily comprehensible passages of the text
Fezzani, Feriel. "Les neurosciences en tant que moyen de preuve : Ou les implications juridiques de l’utilisation judiciaire des neurosciences." Thesis, Paris 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA020006.
Full textThe introduction into French law of neurosciences techniques –also called brain sciences- as a means of proof, causes different problems. As neuroscientific techniques progress, allowing us to get closer to the “truth”, carrying the hope of perfect proof, these techniques contradict the principles that founded our system of law. On the one hand, the evidence by the neurosciences proposes to be an intrusion of the human brain, which conflicts in particular with the principles of dignity, of loyalty, and in criminal law, of defendant’s rights. The present study aims to identify the incompatibilities between the acceptance of neuroscience as a means of proof and the rules governing the administration of evidence. In this sense, we were interested in the admissibility of the evidence from neuroscience techniques, and propose to outline the guarantees that could be implemented to make acceptable the use of neuroscience techniques as evidence, by perpetuating the current principles of process. On the other hand, by the possible proof of the absence of free will or even of a lack of performance of the employee, neuroscience invite to question the probative content brought by these techniques. In this sense, the present study was interested in the probative value of the neurosciences as it exists and as it can be interpreted today, and sets out to circumscribe the probative uses which must be admitted
Mengue, Philippe. "L'ordre sadien. Introduction a une ethique de la nature." Paris 8, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA080241.
Full textThis study mainly intends to settle, first, that the philosophical system of the marquis de sade, contrarily to common view, holds a great consistency which is based on the principle of a commandment (order) of nature, secondly, that the theoritical possibility of this command (which at first sight is not obvious) is linked to an original and critical interpreta -tion of the idea of "natural law" , an unconditonnal reference to the philosophy of enlightments. A precise examination of the sense of command (in its opposition to advice) from its modern origin , i. E. In the limits of a nature conceived without finality and particularly in the limits of the "jurisconslts's and hobbes's philosophy , throws some light on the fact, on the one hand, that kant and sade clearly belong both to a same epistmological ground, and, on the other hand, that an other idea of categorical imperative is possible. Thus an ethics of desire and complicity is justified in itspossibility, and is also under- stood the shared idea which has been running through the modern thought of the law, since kant, sade and freud
El, Gammudi Mailud. "Le problème de la liberté chez les penseurs musulmans et les penseurs chrétiens : Saint Augustin, Descartes, Alghazali, Averroes." Aix-Marseille 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX10007.
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