Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Et le siècle des lumières'
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Neiertz, Patrick. "Lumières Obliques (Ironie et dialogues au XVIIIe siècle)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040214.
Full textThe rhetorics of Irony in Enlightenment’s written dialogues are no mere by-products of the then prevalent social mode of conversational interplay. Their careful perusal indicates that Irony and Humour were instrumental in the vast reshuffling of moral values, religious and political obedience, aesthetic codes, social behaviours that are a legacy of the period. This dissertation focuses on the four main literary areas where dialogical Irony plays an active role in textual topics: parody, comedy, philosophical dialogue and libertine novels. The hypothesis here offered is that ironic subversion is mostly aimed at mental and behavioural compliances made consensual during the Classical period, i.e.: politeness and “honesty” as paramount signs of social fitness; exaltation of the dramatic sublime as benchmark for excellence in Tragedy; allegory and propriety in the written rendition of love-making; linkage of social hardships to individual violation of Christian rules and not to collective/institutional failures; etc
Nejjar, Abdelhak. "Langue et langages des Lumières." Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010607.
Full textThe object of this thesis is the meeting among the formations of knewtedge in the enlightenment. Its main goal is an invitation to rethink the casting of roles in the philosophy of the enlightenment in France. We can discover in this casting not so much a relation on the subject as a linguistic and historial theory, a chronicle of the relationships among the knewledge
Doussot, Joëlle-Elmyre. "Musique et société à Dijon au siècle des Lumières." Besançon, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BESA1025.
Full textJaouik, Moulay-Badreddine. "L'Islam et les Lumières françaises, 1624-1789." Rouen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ROUEL037.
Full textThis thesis of 994 pages aims at analysing the place of knowledge about Islam and Muhammed in the whole French works in the 17th and 18th century literary world ? It endeavours to show exactly the pray a real "golden age of information about Islam" will emerge in the late 17th century. This was a genuine moment of the Enlightenment, a period when the authors will henceforth favour the Muslim sources to write about Islam. Thus by becoming a subject of knowledge, Islam and Muhammad inspire political, philosophical and religious thoughts and the history and the present of Muslims with a feeling of deep respect. The texts relating to Muhammed, the Kuran, theology and the numerous critical assays are hence published on a new model which breaks with the hostile and controversial tradition related to the approach of Islam and its promoter and reduced by apologetics to their religious dimension, a tradition which will not be abandoned but which will take a renewed form all through the18th century to lead to a radically condemnation of the Muslin world and authors who were supposed to be panegyrist relatively unscrupulous of science. Studying this controversial tradition through its view, its transformation, detecting the moment from whish the premises of a real change in the view of Islam start to emerge showing who the precursors and their continuators are, the methods of research what they use and when exactly "this golden age" tend to fall, explaining the reasons, those are the issues in the study focused on a corpus of almost 250 various books, and which is meant to be a contibution to the history of ideas
Dervieux, Françoise. "Le rêve des Lumières : savoir et suggestion." Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040038.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to investigate the status of dreams in 18thcentury narrative and discursive fiction, from Le Diable boiteux (1707) to Le Manuscrit trouvé à Saragosse (1804). After first presenting critical discourse on dream, both as a phenomenon and as a form, we will proceed to define the poetics of dream (relationship of the embedded dream to its framing story, use of allegory and myth, formal experiments) before showing how the function of dreams varies according to literary genres, renewing to the core a wide range of existing literary forms : (rococo) sylphic dreams, fantastic or unheard of scientific dreams (Le Rêve de d’Alembert), satires and visionary utopias (L. -S. Mercier). Dreams provide a reflection on the limits of libido sciendi, as well as on the power of imagination and its articulation with reason in the quest for knowledge and pleasure, their apparent contradiction finally giving way to complementarity
Hafid-Martin, Nicole. "Voyage et connaissance au tournant des Lumières 1780-1820." Paris 10, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA100070.
Full textFrom the angle of the history of ideas, we analyse a series of study trips made between 1780 and 1820 by european scholars-wri ters (Volney, Jan Potocki, Alexander von Humboldt, Mungo park, Chamisso) in various regions of the world, little or no well-known at the time. The first part deals with the characteristics of these expeditions in foreign parts (portraits of travelers, material conditions of the journeys) and their consequences (travelling relations, intellectual and political commitments of the travelers). The second part puts forward a scientific, philosophical and aesthetic evaluation of the works written by the travelers in continuity of the enlightment, while stating their contribution to the blossoming or the emergence of some disciplines (notably history, linguistics and ethnology) as well as their influence on the organization of knowledge between rationalism and romanticism
Ventrone, Giuseppe. "Tolérance et pluralité à l'âge des Lumières : Paris et Naples (1720-1785)." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0034.
Full textThe enlightenment project of "enlightening" of society through Reason is bound up with the idea of the possibility to act on people's mentality, i. E. Exerting influence over classes, categories or social groups in order to determine a profound and persistent "conversion" of their representation of their own condition and, accordingly, of their behavioural pattern. This research, far from tackling the question of the actual political influence of the Philosophers, is devoted to a detection and description, drawing on the texts, of the presence in their ideas of different paradigms of minor influence like : plurality, utility, consistence, belonging. The research aims at showing the way in wich this paradigms can crystallise themselves in the idea of tolerance. The same phenomenological methodology will be used to test the spread of these paradigms in the neapolitan enlightenment
Sirotchouk, Tatiana. "La vie intellectuelle et littéraire en Ukraine au siècle des Lumières." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN21004.
Full textPuškarić, Jelena. "Lumières françaises et culture croate à la fin du XVIIIe siècle." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEP016.
Full textIn 1767 Jean-François Marmontel (1723-1799) published a “novel” which he intitled Bélisaire. Much more a socio-philosophical treaty well anchored in its century’s philosophy than an adventure novel, Marmontel’s Bélisaire was an immediate success in his time and inspired many a literary follower in decades to come. Summing up the key ideas of its time, namely freedom of thought in religious matters, civil toleration (the novel’s strongest point, the most criticized by its opponents as well as the most fiercely defended by its author), extension of the royal authority, a most wished for reform of the tax system and, on a larger scale, of various social institutions…, Marmontel’s work quickly gained popularity, which was largely due to his author’s triumph over the Sorbonne theological party. The leitmotiv of Justinian’s old general, whose conduct was synonym of nothing but impeccable righteousness, was not unknown to the European literary pre-Enlightenment production, though back then the traditional plot lacked the novelty elements with which Marmontel endowed his Bélisaire. In this lineage we can place a play intitled « Belisarius or Elpidia » by the Ragusan poet Antun Gledjević. But it was primarily the ideological filament of Marmontel's novel that inspired the Croatian priest Michael Horvath (1733-1810) to publish a Latin version of Marmontel's text (most probably in 1772). A second Latin version of the text (published by a Vienna typographer Aloysius Doll) appeared in 1806
Amann, Flora. "Sourds et muets entre savoir et fiction au tournant des Lumières." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24630.
Full textAt the intersection of the history of linguistic ideas and the history of representations, this thesis studies scholarly and fictional discourses on deafness between the final years of the Ancien Régime and the beginning of the Restoration (1776-1815). This period covers the years where the Abbé de L'Épée and the Abbé Sicard carried out their work. It matches the period of changes in the course of the history of the deaf people in France and how they were considered. The emergence of a specialist discourse on deafness, the setting up of institutions dedicated to the collective education of deaf people and the development of sign language and their literacy, mark the beginning of the integration of deaf people into society. Educators and philosophers are not the only ones to talk about deafness; the deaf people and their education also entrhal novelists and authors of short fiction. The sentimental novel seized the silent character and its sign language, sometimes separating him from deafness. Without doubt, the novelists have been interested much more by muteness than deafness, because the former enabled them to question the social function of speech. In their works, the novelists use contrast to reveal the malfunction of speech caused by the Revolution. The aim of this thesis is twofold. First, we put speech on deafness back in the scholarly context of the times and explain how it helps us understand the linguistic, anthropological and philosophical changes of this period. Secondly, through the history of the representations, we show how knowledge and fiction meet in the process of metaphorization of the idea of deafness of the end of the eighteenth century.
Baysson, Hubert. "L'idée d'étranger chez les philosophes des Lumières." Lyon 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO33008.
Full textDall'Olmo-Pichet, Véronique. "Hannah More : une femme d'ombres et de lumières." Bordeaux 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR30039.
Full textHannah More (745-1833), was one of the most influential figures of her time and got involved in spheres as varied as literature, politics, slavery abolition, philanthropy or education. More started with a successful playwright career, she was welcomed by the women of the literary circle, called the Bluestockings'. In 1777, she was represented in the guise of the ninth muse by the painter Richard Samuel in his famous painting, exhibited at the Royal Academy and today at the National Portrait Gallery, in London, 'The Nine Living Muses of Great Britain'. In the 1780's, More committed herself to doing a long religious progression which ended with her conversion and transformed the literary woman into an active and fervent Evangelical. From then, More lived for and thanks to her religion. Thus, Hannah More's involvements, educative and political stances were all deeply rooted in her Evangelical creed. The French Revolution, the Terreur, and the Napoleonic wars marked Hannah More's political commitment. In this new role, and though she was inexperienced, More proved, a staunch conservative, an anti-revolutionary and a fierce opponent to the Radicals. Her political involvements, were mainly conveyed through the writings of conservative pamphlets and through a series of Cheap Repository Tracts, a form of popular literature which More excelled in. The debates which stirred British society, like the abolition of the slave trade, the fight against poverty, or, the debate on education allowed, the Evangelist Hannah More, to be understood by her contemporaries as an abolitionist, a philanthropist and a well-known educationalist. However, Hannah More's involvements, which were mainly induced by her friends' demands, with the exception of her commitment to the education of women of the elite, had the one and only goal to propagate her Evangelical message and to achieve her mission which aimed at proposing a moral reform in British society. In adopting a dogmatic attitude, which always lurked in the background, and made her consciously obey her religious and political conceptions, Hannah More could become a figure of her time and put herself in the foreground during around four decades. To reach this goal, Hannah More, the evangelical activist woman, showed her rigid and strict religious consistency. Though, this form of evangelical coherence took More away from reality, it allowed her, contrary to all expectations, to do something worthwhile and to accomplish her work with more or less success
Elachmit, Jamal. "Littérature d'enfance et de jeunesse et philosophie des Lumières : Arnaud Berquin, 1747-1791." Bordeaux 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR30032.
Full textIn the beginning of the eighteenth century in France, the child and the adult had both the same literature (fairy tale, fable. . . ). The childhood wasn't thought as a specific age which had particular needs. In the second half of the century, the childhood became, in the middle-class and in a part of the aristocracy, a particular stage needing a specific literature. The adolescence, compressed for a long time, moved equally and was admitted as a different stage from the child and from adult. A category of authors set up in order to write for this new public. Arnaud Berquin (1747-1791) was one of them. He created the press for the children and the adolescents by publishing “L'Ami des enfants” (The children’s friend) and “L'Ami de l'adolescence” (The adolescence's friend) from 1782-1784. We tried to determine their literary sources and finally to analyze their literary styles. By another way, we have studied the theme and the idea of the family in the two periodicals. Through these different fields of investigation, our care has been to analyze how Berquin has adapted the philosophical ideas of enlightenment to children, to adolescents and to parents
Mocellin, Ronei Clécio. "Louis-Bernard Guyton de Morveau : chimiste et professeur au Siècle des Lumières." Thesis, Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100187/document.
Full textGuyton de Morveau is mainly known as one of Lavoisier’s collaborators in the reform of the chemical nomenclature. The origin of this partnership is generally described as the result of Guyton's conversion to the new chemical theory of Lavoisier. But an inquiry into his scientific and teaching activities reveals that it seems more reasonable to see the relationship between these two chemists as a convergence of efforts to lead to a satisfactory explanation of the new phenomena observed in laboratory. Guyton enjoyed a wide international recognition. His reputation was based on the breadth and depth of his theoretical thought and on the quality of his experimental work. Close to Macquer, Guyton understood all chemical reactions in terms of dissolution and crystallization processes governed by the law of gravitation. His theoretical framework combining the fire-phlogiston doctrine of Rouelle’s disciples with Boerhaave's views on solvents allowed him to account for most new experimental discoveries. Guyton built up his reputation through his editorial activity and his courses of chemistry. Students came from all over Europe to Dijon to attend his courses. His pedagogical activity constitutes a good example of the importance of the teaching of chemistry in a provincial academy during the second half of the 18th century. During the Revolution, Guyton de Morveau entered in politics and took an active part in the reorganization of the French research and educational system of Republican France
Porset, Charles. "Recherches sur le dix-huitième siècle, les lumières et la franc-maçonnerie." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992CLF20040.
Full textTaking as its point of departure the galilean revolution, this research investigates its effects in the 18th century. The breakdown of the antique and medieval cosmos led to the reorganisation of the relation between god, the world and men. The deism aseexposed by voltaire is the middle-way between orthodoxy and atheism taken by the "lumieres". Likewise, by declaring men to be the sole object and purpose of men, the freemasonry, then establishing itself, acknowledged that secularisation of the sacred which was to animate philosophical debate throughout the century ; in a different field, general grammar, by claming words to be the signs of thought, was creating the conditions for the development of a science of language. By postulating the rationality of the real, the galilean breakthrough led to a revolution in the ways of seeing ; if appearance was no longereessence and god no longer - the foundation of all knowledge -, the experience alone could be at the basis of science. In this way the "lumieres" delimited the space of a new phenomenology, substituting the science of man as man for the science of beeing as a beeing of tradition
Macé, Laurence. "Voltaire en Italie (1734-1815) : lecture et censure au siècle des Lumières." Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040273.
Full textHow does the perception of an author and his work relate to the specific constraints of the foreign cultural background in which they are received? What if the author in question is a “monument” like Voltaire and the background of the reception is now perceived as ideologically hostile to the nature of Voltaire’s project, or at best culturally heterogeneous? This work traces the emergence and reception of Voltaire’s texts in the 18th century Italy. It is demonstrated that, after a reception first limited to the framework of the collapsing Republic of Letters, where Voltaire paradoxically played the game of the cattolici illuminati, the break that took place in the late 1740ies, and ultimately the condemnation of the Works in Rome in 1752, opened a new phase in the reception of Voltaire in Italy. The solution of continuity, more ideological than aesthetic, that we can observe deprived the author of his first supports but also made easier the reception of his works in a public sphere which, as it constituted itself, built Voltaire’s work for its own use. A pluri-disciplinary approach, dealing with the role of censorship as well as the ways of making the work one’s own, presents reception as no longer a passive phenomenon of mere adherence but as a concrete and evolving construction of a work and its author. Through Voltaire’s paradigm, reading and censorship appear as two activities between which the lines still remain blurred in 18th century Italy
Alfonsi, Liliane. "Étienne Bézout (1730-1783) : mathématicien, académicien et professeur au siècle des Lumières." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066371.
Full textAnthonay, Thibaut d'. "Lumières et ombres chez Jean Lorrain." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040056.
Full textTavoillot, Pierre-Henri. "Kant et la querelle des Lumières : le Pantheismusstreit et le destin du rationalisme." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040277.
Full textIn the late 8th century the problematics of philosophy in germany was to be deeplay marked by the "pantheism controversy" (1785-1789) also called "spinozism controversy". Indeed a determining transition from the philosophy of enlightenment to the german idealism, it will be taken here as the reading key to an understanding of the organization of the great philosophic systems from kant to hegel. The purpose of this research is to throw light on what preceded and followed this crucial controversy whose fundamental aim is both the validity and realization of the ideal of enlightenment. On the one hand, it is a matter of identifying the divisions which appeared, before starting, among the philosophers of the aufklarung (in particular between lessing, mendelssohn and kant), and on the other hand of considering the effects both on the german controversy on the french revolution and the hegelian attempt at ending it definitively. Each step of this work will deal with the question whether the kantian concept of aufklarung can hold against the criticisms of the irrationalist philosophers (surch as jacobi) as well as those of the advocates of reason (as hegel). The essential stake is to find out whether this concept can still provide meaning and interest for today's work on philosophy
Hanafi, Nahema. "Le frisson et le baume : souffrantes et soignantes au siècle des Lumières (France, Suisse)." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU20140.
Full textDuring the Enlightenment, women are excluded from medical professions – with the exception of midwives – and their practices are the subject of much criticism from doctors and surgeons who promote their own knowledge of the body to acquire a new social, economic and political status. The medicalization of society is not necessarily against women, because most of them are requested as mediators of novelty. In this context, this thesis questions the receipt of medical ambitions and the role played by women in the process of medicalization. Sources sought are not those produced by the medical profession to take distance with their normative and professional discourse, but those that emerge from the private : journals and memoirs, correspondence and record books, collections of recipes written by women. This thesis aims to compose a history of suffering and caregivers from discourse of women and not on women, at the intersection of social and cultural history of medicine, history of women and gender. This limits the analysis to the literate members of the nobility or gentry, French and Swiss in this case. Women’s knowledges are at the heart of the analysis by defining learning spaces of the body and body representations depicted by their writings. Women’s care practices are also considered, dissociating self-care – including both self-medication, therapeutic relationship and the influence of the family in the control of health and motherhood – and the care of others which refers to the body on which women exercise their power and their healing practices
Robert, Richard. "Utopie et individu au tournant des lumières, 1770-1810." Caen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CAEN1339.
Full textO'Connor, Thomas. "Théologie et lumières chez Luke Joseph Hooke, 1714-1796." Paris 4, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040191.
Full textLuke Joseph Hooke was part of the Jacobite diaspora which sought refuge in France at end of the 17th century. .
Vasak, Anouchka. "Météorologies : discours sur le ciel et le climat, des Lumières au Romantisme." Paris 7, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA070105.
Full textMamy, Sylvie. "Les manuscrits musicaux vénitiens en France au siècle des Lumières : copie et réception." Paris 4, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040072.
Full textBirth, development and decline of music publishing in Venice from the XVth to the XVIIth centuries. Revival attempts c. 1770. Expansion of music transcription in the Venetian theatres and ospedali immigration to France of Italian opera buffa composers whose works and treatises were published in this country. Importation of Venetian music manuscripts to Paris for individual correspondence between A. Conti in Venice and the comtesse de Caylus in Paris: sending of Venetian music manuscripts. Venetian sojourn of J. -J. Rousseau; in Paris he becomes publisher, copyist and champion of Italian and particularly Venetian singing. Confiscations by the French in Venice in 1797 to enrich the Paris Conservatory library
Baudron, Annette. "L'œuvre d'Arnaud Berquin : littérature de jeunesse et esprit des Lumières." Thesis, Tours, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOUR2023/document.
Full textIn the eighteenth century, a great deal was said about Education by the philosophers of the Enlightenment. They saw in it the way to promote morality and progress. Under of their impulse, some authors tried to answer their new request : how to teach while enjoying oneself. Arnaud Berquin is one of them. He is known as the author of the first periodical for youth : L’Ami des enfants. During his life, this writer met the most important of the philosophers of the Enlightenment from the end of the century. We have studied his whole works, the poetic part, with idylls and romances, the youth part with periodic and children’s books, and finally a periodical for rural people, in the Revolution’s time. The literary gazettes told us that Arnaud Berquin was estimated so he had the capacity to live on his writing. The study of the texts shows us a man who was engaged to promote the Enlightenment ideas to young people through a purpose based on morality, religion, education and politics
Labussière, Jean-Louis. "Individu et individuation dans la philosophie des Lumières." Dijon, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988DIJOL008.
Full textThe author endeavors to study the status of the individual, and if need be, of individuation, as well on the metaphysical plane as through the various fields of scientific knowledge, granting a privileged importance to law and natural history. The distinction between cosmos and nature is the leading thread followed, naturalism, whatever form it may assume, appearing as a kind of anti-individualism, and the concept of the individual as a cosmological concept. Sensualism is precisely deeply naturalistic and constitutes a sort of inverted Aristotelianism in the same way as the doctrine of Buffon. Montesquieu and Maupertuis, between whom a link is established, both grant a very distinctive place to the notion of cosmos, but reduce the individual to a hazardous being. As to the encylopaedists, studied through Diderot and his theory of individual quality, their conception of the cosmos cannot be isolated from a certain aestheticism: what is individual is for them an irreducible form of that which has been lived. Finally, it is on the ethical plane that the age of enlightenment has best formulated the problem of the individual, i. E. That of singularity, as the author tries to demonstrate it through the study of Rousseau and Kant
Onandia, Beatriz. "Transfert culturels, traductions et adaptations féminines en France et en Espagne au siècle des Lumières." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0096/document.
Full textThe favourable reception in Spain of works by Madame de Genlis, Madame de Beaumont, Madame d’Épinay and Madame de Lambert constitutes an important chapter in the literary fortune that these authors came to achieve outside of France and particularly, in Spain during the period of Enlightenment. The pedagogical obsession of the Spanish Enlightenment scholars, women’s interest in reading and the development of publishing provoked a veritable avalanche of texts aimed at the education and schooling of women throughout the XVIII century, especially in the middle of the century at a time when a strong interest in translating foreign literary works was surfacing. Concurrent with this pedagogical interest taking place during the Enlightenment, the subject of education had become a beacon in the editorial production of the time. Consequently, the educational debates which had been taking place in France also began to become the subjects in Spanish educational circles a result of the various translations of French literary works. The pedagogic lens in the literary production of Marie Leprince de Beaumont, Stéphanie Félicité de Genlis, Louise d’Épinay and Madame de Lambert seduced a large number of Spanish Enlightenment intellectuals. The sensitivity of these French pedagogues on moral and religious matters translated perfectly to Spanish literary creations; it was a literature which respected traditional spiritual values at the same time as remaining open to the new concept of “sensitive virtue” This resurgence in female influence would go on to became apparent in the translations of French pedagogic literary works as a good number of these writings passed through the hands of women. Ana Muñoz, María Jacoba Castilla, María Romero Masegosa, Antonia de Río y Arnedo, Cayetana de la Cerda and so many others alternated between being translators and Spanish writers who gave a feminine perspective to the movement to emancipate and educate Spanish women. Notably, these women were responsible for the first Spanish versions of works by Madame de Lambert, Madame d’Épinay and Madame de Genlis. This research will analyse the transformation of these French pedagogical works: their first translations in Spain and how they influenced Spanish pedagogical literature, especially when produced by women. In doing so it will outline a number of specific traits which characterise hispanic female literary production
Miech, Stéphanie. "L'éducation des filles chez les romancières au siècle des Lumières." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN21009.
Full textThe ardent reflections of the Age of Enlightenment writers leads them to an awareness of the decline in the moral standards of their contemporary society and thence to an inquiring look at the educational system. They are particularly concerned with the education of girls, the future mothers who would be bringing up and educating the men of the new generation. On the fringe of the debate, women authors are also grappling with a problem they are especially concerned about and they realize that the novel is a tremendously effective means of expressing their criticisms, theories and ideals dashed hopes, unfulfilled dreams and grievances towards men and society whose treatment of women is so unfair. Their reflections on education, on the role and place of women in society, are vigorously supported by such philosophers and theorists as Saint François de Sales, Fénelon, Mme de Maintenon, Mme de Lambert and, later on, by Rousseau and other philosophers who find food for thought during the enriching discussions that take place in the salons the Age of Enlightenment women writers so competently hold. The heroines of their tales, short stories and novels are nurtured on the principles of the classical ideal but, little by little, to these embodiments of Christian virtues tinged with stoicism, they introduce weakness that make them more human. Throughout the century and beyond many will be renowned for their herosim and determination : they are active and energetic, fight successfully against adversity and courageously take their lives in hand. Towards the end of the century, women authors are pondering over the ethics of duty and demand a more humane moral doctrine in society. Marriage is a choice theme that enables them to expose their vision of love and serves as a framework for their criticisms of a society in which young girls are considered as objects and women as second-rate citizens without rights or belongings in adversity. However, the novelists' feminism remains ambiguous and timid. The authors are subjected to the rules of etiquette and public opinion that is imbued with Christian morality and will later be disappointed by the Revolution and its promises to their sex ; they dream of more social equality, calm relationships between man and wife and of respect for themselves. Their feminism, their defence against male misconduct, rely on feminine solidarity which is the distinctive hallmark of the fictional literature of the Age of Enlightenment
Cottret, Bernard. "Bolingbroke : exil et écriture au siècle des lumières : Angleterre-France (vers 1715-vers 1750)." Paris 10, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA100145.
Full textStating the epistemological importance of the theme of exile, this study examines the life and political career of one of the most troublesome characters of the English enlightenment: lord Bolingbroke's forced stays in France, his fluctuating political commitments, his reckless opposition to Walpole, his contributions to the development of modern toryism are examined in turn, while the nature and scope of history, or the mythical appeal of patriotism are given due consideration. The second part of the work deals more precisely with the philosophical essays, a lasting monument of unreadable eighteenth-century prose. . . Even though secondary productions, not to say third-rate considerations, may be the most fruitful for historians as they are the very stuff the average intellectual life of a century is made of. Mylord Bolingbroke had a seminal influence on pope, but his posthumous essays, acclaimed by Voltaire, caused something of an uproar because of their bitter attacks against the establishment
Fouilleron, Thomas. "Culture, sociabilité et politique des princes de Monaco, des Lumières à 1848." Montpellier 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON30045.
Full textFrom the end of the XVIIIth century to the middle of the XIXth century, from Honoré III (1720-1795) to Florestan Ist (1785-1856), taking in Honoré IV (1758-1819) and Honoré V (1778-1841), the cultural and political lives of the princes of Monaco contained some enduring features, certain brilliant aspects of the Enlightenment that were to last. The royal family of Monaco, elevated for a short while as foreign princes to the court in 1688, while hardly acknowledged at the end XVIIIth century, were not perhaps some of the first to advocate the new spirit, although there was no doubt they helped to introduce the new ideas circulating during that period to the upper echelons of the aristocracy. With their newly acquired French cultural background and with a keenness to make up for their lack of reputation as new men (novi homines) by dedicating themselves to the symbols of refinement and to the sociability of their rank, the Grimaldis were distinguished for the fact that they had a twofold status and three residences: they were members of the aristocracy in France, in Paris, at the court, and lords of land in Normandy; they were also masters of a small principality between France and Italy. As rulers practising enlightened despotism in Monaco right up to the time of the secession of Menton and Roquebrune in 1848, the princes continued to apply within their States and properties certain ideas and practices that had been exercised at the end of the XVIIIth century, adapting them to suit their own ideals of aristocratic patronage and their own interests. These practices included in particular the mania for collecting things, the mania for English things, agronomy and philanthropy. How to deal with the poverty and land use seemed to them to have become the essential requirements to cope with the growing industrialisation
Vetter, Anna. "Les citations picturales dans l'écriture baroque du Siècle des lumières d'Alejo Carpentier." Besançon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BESA1015.
Full textSadrzadeh, Mandana. "La lecture du Coran et de la vie de Mahomet au siècle des Lumières." Nancy 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN21018.
Full textRight after the end of the seventeenth century, a new philosophical spirit aiming at discovering the islamic world spreads on the Occident and urges it to lift the veil weaved by the prejudices which first traces date back to the middle ages. At the down of the eighteenth century travelling merchants and orientalists eurdits feel the necessity to equip the european scholars with bibliographies aiming at favouring a more objective knowledge of Islam. New translations of Koran and a proliferation of studies about Mahomet's life offer a new vision, opened on another idea of the koranic fact. Scholars or popularizers put the blame on catholic writers for their abusive exploitation of the fear for Islam and its prophet. But they underline the importance of informing oneself before judging. Just as the Old and the New Testament, the Koran has been criticised by the time's being critics. But, surprinsingly this ordeal made him stronger against the assaults of the reason than the other sacred texts. The authenticity of the book, the simplicity and the rationality of its dogmas draw people's sympathy and even the praise of its readers. Many authors opposed to the devouts hostile to the prophet try to fight with the slanders accusing Islam of being sensual and crual. The judgments and reactions of philosophers, erudits, popularizers to the koranic fact and the contribution of their thinking make up the field of our research
Juratic, Sabine. "Le monde du livre à Paris entre absolutisme et Lumières : recherches sur l'économie de l'imprimé et sur ses acteurs." Paris, EPHE, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EPHE4051.
Full textBased on a study of printed books professionals and their practices, this thesis evaluates the economic impact of the state control over all printed material that king louis the xivth established at the beginning of his reign and that lasted until the revolution. First part looks into printing and publishing organization in paris as driven by booksellers and printers community. Second part details socio-professional aspects of master printers from end of 17th and over a century. The last part highligts the changes in printing labor and how they impact the distribution business
Marti, Marc. "Ville et campagne dans l'Espagne des Lumières (1746-1808)." Saint-Etienne, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994STET2023.
Full textThis research is a study of the development of the relations between the Spanish country side and towns in the age of the enlightenment. It doesn't limit itself to the economic and social aspects, but extends to the institutions, the political discourse as well as the literature. The first part that deals with the economic and social interrelations between the town and the country into space and demography, the division of labour, the movements of population, agriculture and its place in the economy and finally the production and trade of wheat. This first part is based upon classical works and recent regional monograph. The second part is devoted to the place of agriculture in the economic discourse and in the "economic societies of the friends of the countryside". An investigation into the heraldry and the mottoes of these "economic societies" reveals the part played by farming in the economic development scheme proposed by these societies. An in depth study of the economic publication of the time confirms the emergence of these themes between 1770 and 1970. Finally, we have noted the originality and the specifity of Spanish agrarian thought, far removed - although contemporary - from the French one. The last part covers the relations between literature and the society, and more particulary the way society conveys the issues of town and country through three fundamental genres: poetry, drama and fiction - in which one notes the re-emergence and the revitalization of pastoral themes, the "alabanza de aldea" and the myth of the golden age
Pemangoyi, Leyika Aubain. "Discours et représentations de l’esclavage au siècle des Lumières dans les textes juridiques, encyclopédiques et littéraires." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/ulprive/DDOC_T_2021_0027_PEMANGOYI_LEYIKA.pdf.
Full textThe literary work of the 18th century elaborates the singular representation which overtakes the dogmatism and disputes the regression of the European society. The discussion whether philosophic, literary or judicial concern themselves with man and his social frame. On the basis of this, our work which articulates around the theme “Discussion and representation of slavery in literary, judicial and encyclopidic texts in the age of enlightenment” explores and elaborates the different types of discussion around the question of slavery in the 18th century with the aim to study the statements and the modalities of representation of the other. This work allows not only the emergence of a new voice, which was previously seldom heard or studied but it also invites us to reinterrogate the age of enlightenment with relation to the question of slavery and to bring to light a subject that is in the middle of transformation. Firstly, we shall be examining the judicial nature of the black slave and his anthropological status, moving forward we’ll concern ourselves with the representation, position and the controversies of discussions of the eminent people over the question of slavery. We’ll be concluding the study with the study of abolition of slavery, heritage of the eminent people and political and their anthropological discussions. The abolition of slavery has reinstated a philanthropic discussion whose dynamics transcend the previous convictions around it and open the perspective of equality and humanity. Our study proposes to bring to the light their historic complexity and to rethink our responsibility to them, an ensemble of questions and problems. The study further questions with respect to a historic perspective, the origin, the development and the rupture in the continuity of a particular type of discussion based on the premise of racial discrimination and an incertitude about the anthropological values of the Africans and their relations with others
Fougère, Éric. "Les voyages et l'ancrage : représentation de l'espace insulaire à l'Age classique et aux Lumières (1615-1797)." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040162.
Full textThe subject of this work is a space, the island, and its setting tis the narrative. The travel literature (Tournefort, Taynal, Bougainville, Cook) enables to determine a geographical and historical background (development of the science and the settlements towards America and Oceania). Utopia (Morelly, Lesconvel, Saint-Jory) authorizes an ideological outlook (the island releases a system of codified values). Robinsonade (Daubenton, Montagnac, Grivel, Joly, Lesuire, Longueville, Morris, Neville, Paltock, Ducray-Duminil) focuses structures which rely the narrative and the descriptive, within a kind of esthetical vision. The representation of the island collects works of the European literature where mainly two national areas (France and England) are placed side by side. Our chronological starting point is the Spanish 16th century with the publication of the 2nd part of Quixote where the island represents an allegory that extends with Gracian. 1797 is the publication date of a text of Cambry which vehicles, as Paul et Virginie, a nostalgia. Besides, Robinson Crusoe and la Nouvelle Heloise had a great importance because they turn the island towards realistic fiction and creative metaphor. Leguat, Marivaux, Prévost, Sade complete this approach. Others minor if not unknown works illustrate three important notions: insularity (landscape), "ileity" (mental representation), "isoleity" […]
Di, Rosa Geneviève. "La pensée du religieux au siècle des Lumières : études sémiostylistiques d'oeuvres littéraires et picturales." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040158/document.
Full textThe importance of Religion in the Age of the Enlightenment is no longer to be proven, whether it be historically, philosophically ar artistically. The question is to make out if there exists a way of thinking Religion in the XVIIIth century, i.e. specific modes of weighing meanings which are related to the invisible, the supernatural or the divine. Rather than one idea in particular (happiness, nature, energy, anxiety), we are studying a connection, an articulate relation between man and what can be symbolized : how a given society assesses this connection to the supernatural, and through wich media. Our investigation favours essays, the production of a thinking which never adheres to the identity or the concept, but which is rather a swerve, a movement, which allows it to explore terra incognita ; the investigation also favours history painting, the genre in which iconography is by essence cosa mentale, a visual manifestation of the mediations of a thinking. The semiostylistical analysis of the works are orientated by two poles, the biblical intertextuality and the socio-theological praxis of the quarrel over the refusal of sacraments. These analysis allow to grasp the mutations of the biblical paradigm, the rationalist thinking and mimetic aesthetics while they make light on the epistemological obstacles, the resistance points, the skandalon. Thinking Religion in the XVIIIth century, between audacity and dismay, appears marked by the jansenist thinking of testimony, as well as a questionning of rationalist thinking in favour of a new philosophy of language
Aujoulat, Alain. "Philosophie de l'homme et théories de l'éducation au siècle des Lumières : Locke, Rousseau, Kant." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/7809.
Full textGodard, Desmarest Clarisse. "Expression artistique et conscience patrimoniale d’après les textes de l’Écosse des Lumières." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040138.
Full textThis thesis analyses the connection between the elites belonging to the political, economic and intellectual world and their cultural heritage in Scotland. At the end of the 17th century, most specifically after the Restoration of 1660, the economy of Scotland was still sluggish whilst its political situation remained unsettled. However, an intellectual revival took place and paved the way for the 18th century Scottish enlightenment. It transformed the Arts, a field in which the aristocrats took a leading role. Not only were they open to the new ideas of the continent –the treasures of which they had been able to appreciate thanks to the Grand Tour and through trade– but they also had the financial and political means to carry out ambitious projects. Whereas artistic investment remained the aristocrats’ prerogative until the beginning of the 18th century, new patrons belonging to the gentry and to the legal and trading professions emerged and fostered innovations throughout the century. Since land property and estate were considered to be a major source of social recognition, this thesis explores the meaning and impact of various Scottish landowners’ investment. Travel books, memoirs, private correspondence, diaries, house inventories, architects’ plans and visual representations reveal the creativity with which some gifted men –architects as well as artists and artisans– carried out original projects in architecture and interior decoration. This thesis lays stress on Scotland’s rewarding encounter with Holland, France and Italy and shows a certain complexity expressing itself in the need to preserve the national heritage –source of immense pride– and the desire –shared by many Scots– to take part in progress
Ben, Saad Nizar. "Machiavel en France, des Lumières à la Révolution." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040051.
Full textLederman, Jean. "La philosophie des Lumières dans le Biur de Moses Mendelssohn." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0135.
Full textThe philosophy of the Enlightenment in the Biur of Moses Mendelssohn is based upon the hypothesis that through his biblical commentary in hebrew (Biur), Mendelssohn (1729-86) is seeking to enlighten the jew of the ghetto as a man (Mensch) and then to emancipate him as a citizen (Bürger). Using the inductive method, we restored the corpus of the Enlightenment in the Biur, found it's sources and compared it to Mendelssohn's german works written in the same period (1780-83). For Mendelssohn, Enlightenment deals in particular with theory and human rational knowledge which allow a reflection upon the things of life. Most of the themes found in the Biuir - language, optimism, didactism, immortality, ethics, natural religion, criticism and religious freedom - suit that definition. They constitute the chapters of the first section : "MAN". The mid-section, "MAN AND CITIZEN", includes only two chapters and deals with both religion and social integration of the jews. The last section, "THE CITIZEN" has only one chapter and analyses the social integration of the jews
Pagliano, Sylvain. "Jean Étienne Marie Portalis et la philosophie des Lumières." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010619.
Full textLe, Vot Valérie. "Lecteurs et lectures dans le roman allemand des Lumières." Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040206.
Full textThis thesis studies the representations of reading and the readers as characters in the German novel of the second half of the 18th century (Knigge, La Roche, Muller, Musaus, Neugebauer, Nicolai, Unger, Wezel, Wieland). The aim of this study is to analyze the contribution of the German novel writers to the debate about the "reading fury" (lesesucht, lesewut), to the definition of a new art of reading and to the emergence of a modern German novel. First, we replace the debate about the "reading revolution" (leserevolution) in the global cultural context of the second half of the 18th century and present the main actors of this debate (morale weeklies, teachers, pastors, doctors). Then, we analyze the motif of reading in the novels: who reads (young readers, aristocratic vs bourgeois readers, place of the readers in the constellation of characters)? What do the characters read (link with the classical tradition, with the English and French prose fiction, with the German literature)? When (reading and the Christian and bourgeois time management), where (public vs private space) and how (intensive vs extensive reading, silent and lonely reading vs collective and oral reading…
Drouin, Sébastien. "Érudits, théologiens et libertins autour de l'exégèse allégorique à l'âge des lumières." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24792/24792.pdf.
Full textBaudez, Basile. "Pouvoir et architecture dans l'académie des Lumières : Paris au regard de Rome et Madrid, 1750-1800." Paris, EPHE, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EPHE4108.
Full textWe focus our study on the French Académie royale d'architecture in the second half of the Eighteenth Century and we compare its specificities with two of the most proeminent art academies of Europe, the Roman Accademia di San Luca and the Spanish Academia de San Fernando, in Madrid. If they all bare the title "academy", they are profoundly different, as a result of the specific relationship they maintain with the local political power. For the academy can be distinguished from the art school by the closeness of their link with the government. We studied the way the institution and the prince and his ministers interacted in three parts : the foundations and the part of the architecture in the academic project; the direction of the institution and the architects who belonged to it ; finally, the type of architecture created within the academy schools. The French Academy was at the center of the architectural world and debates of the Enlightenment. The institution derived its strength from its protean form: an architectural council for the prince and the society, a club and an art school. The specificity of the Ancien Régime academies lay in the fact that there was no clear choice between their activity of expertise and the important part they played in the transmission of the architectural knowledge. It was one of the reason why they were partly condemned by the new political powers which needed before all, efficiency
Charles, Olivier. "Les nobles dignités, chanoines et chapitres de Bretagne : chanoines et chapitres cathédraux de Bretagne au siècle des Lumières." Rennes 2, 2002. http://books.openedition.org/pur/17414.
Full text@At the heart of a well-documented secular Breton clergy, the 752 Canons of the nine Breton cathedrals of the Age of the Enlightenment, remain very much in the shadows. For, situated between the bishops and rectors, they led independent careers, as more than half of them occupied only on benefice : that of Canon. For the most part Breton, priests, university graduates and descended from the upper classes, they formed relatively homogenous chapters. Being clerics modelled by the rigours of Tridentine law, they carried out their duties in a serious manner. The Canons, who belonged to the poorer chapters of the kingdom, contributed towards the modernization of the Breton towns of the 18th century. Indeed, even if the revenues incurred by their holdings only guaranteed them a modest income, they gradually adopted the habits of the elite town-dwellers as far as housing, comfort and consumption were concerned. Their intellectual culture in itself bears by no means oblivious to changes taking place in the world in which they lived
Murphy, Michael. "Allan Ramsay au seuil de l'Écosse des Lumières." Paris 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA030118.
Full textThe rediscovery and reappraisal of the activities and writings of this minor poet, in a civilisation-based approach, shows that he fulfils the conditions most often employed to define a member of the Scottish Enlightenment. Ramsay belongs to an elite in the middle ranks of society (an Edinburgh burgess, cultivated, an affectionate husband, a loving father planning an ambitious course of training for his son - future portrait painter of Hume and Rousseau) ; he is highly sociable (founder of the first club in Scotland, member of a Scottish country house circle) and creates cultural institutions (a bookshop, the first circulating library in the British Isles, one of the first Scottish periodical journals, the first purpose-built theatre in Scotland). On behalf of Scotland, Ramsay defends both social conservatism and meritocracy, encourages economic dynamism (action in favour of agriculture, the fishing industry, development projects for Edinburgh, the need for leadership from the social elite) and religious moderation (rejection of Catholic 'superstition,' of Protestant fanaticism and clericalism). Ramsay attempts to reconcile his opinions, paradoxical and ambiguous, concerning Anglo-Scottish relations : attracted by Jacobite and anti-Union views, he commits himself nonetheless to a closer relationship between Scotland and England and a certain idea of their union, different however from that which underlies the Treaty of Union (1707). This thesis proposes a new image of Ramsay (known as the 'father' of a line of poets writing in Scots), that of a minor Scottish master of the first, unrecognised generation of Enlightenment Scots. This vision of Ramsay may be the catalyst for a new field of studies : the period between 1710 and 1740 when Scotland crossed the threshold of Enlightenment
Charles, Sébastien. "La figure de Berkeley dans la pensée des Lumières, immatérialisme et scepticisme au XVIIIe siècle." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ66135.pdf.
Full textSala, Céline. "Élites, sociabilité et réseaux relationnels : les Francs-Maçons en Roussillon et en Catalogne des Lumières à la Restauration." Nice, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NICE2003.
Full textFreemasonry in the Roussillon and Catalonia came to the fore within a new geo-political context. In fact, the Roussillon had only recently been attached to France (an altogether different context from that of a province which had always been part of France). What is more, Perpignan, a border town is geographically the furthest from Paris. The sociability of the Freemasons of the Roussillon under the Ancien Regime appeared as an on-going process and to understand it, presupposes the restitution of the networks to which the elite were attached and of which they were members. In the temple that the Masonic society formed, a web of relationships was woven, simple yet complex, visible or beneath the surface, stable or unstable. Having placed these elements in perspective, we will attempt to explicit the profile of the Masonic elite in the Roussillon. An elected society, the Freemasons were in search of recognition through its membership, which qualified the Assembly by closing it to others. This research aims to show an essential distinction between, on the one hand, Masonic daily life (within its Temples) which enables its structural evolution to be taken into account; and on the other hand, the brothers' daily lives within secular society. The study of the Masonic structure and its evolution within the Masonic Lodge of the Temples in Roussillon precedes the analysis of the destiny of the Masons as subjects and then as citizens
Belissa, Marc. "La cosmopolitique du droit des gens (1713-1795) : fraternité universelle et intérêt national au siècle des Lumières et pendant la Révolution française." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010502.
Full textFrom the project ofr a perpetual peace of the abbé des Saint-Pierre in 1713 to Kant's in 1795, XVIIIth century's philosophers debate of peace making and of new relations between the peoples. The concept of the law of nations inherited from the philosophical debates of the xvith and xviith centuries plays a central role in this reflexion. People of the enlightment argue about the abilitiy of humanity to achieve peace, and about the means of achieving a civil relationship between nations. The manners of the ancien regime are submitted to the critique of reason : conquest, the laws of war and diplomacy are rejected. How to conciliate universal brotherhood with the love of one's country ? How to conceive an economic development wich respects the reciprocity of the rights of peoples ? The answers to these questions give the outlines of political trends crystallise in french and american revelutions between 1776 et 1795. Two approaches materialize progressively. The first approach intends to build a national power able to defend its own interests in a political space made of independant nations and wich are tried by a positive law of nations. In this system the nation-state sovereignity replaces the private order of the ancien regime. The other approach, wich we call a "cosmopolitics of the law of nations", aims to build a civil and federate society of nations wich would be a warrant for the rights of the peoples