Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Et Marx'
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Chalfoun, Nagi. "Marx, Engels et l'Etat." Lyon 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO31009.
Full textEven though marx has not dealt with the problem of the state as extensively as with economic matters, this problem remains present thoughout his work. Starting from hegel and his own critique of hegel, marx asserts himself as an author who ascribes the prominent part to the civil society. The state must die out, and the instrument of this extinction is the dictatorship of the proletariat, which foretells the separation between state and civil society. In the marxian utopia, the dictatorship of the proletariat, the growing of democracy and the dying out of the state are three aspects of one movement, which is the dialectical process of the revolution
Artous, Antoine. "Marx, l'Etat et la politique." Montpellier 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON10030.
Full textThe development from the critique of modern politics, which is at the centre of the texts of the young marx. To the critique of political economy is not a sign of marx's "economism". It is above all the product of a rupture with the idealism of the dominant state which makes a literal interpretation of the discourse of the modern state: the state which, for the first time in history, does not appear as the direct domination of one social group. Marx tries to show that this is the adequate political form for "bourgeois-civil society". , for which it is necessary to update our undestanding of its functioning. Hence the passage from the critique of politics in the texts of his youth. Where he sketches a theory of the modern state as a representative state, to the critique of political economy, which also presents modern production as free of all forms of exploitation. For marx the wage relationship is one of exploitation. Even if, like the modern sate, it appears for the time in history, and the property relationship does not present itself, as in precapitalist formations, as a "master servant relationship" as marx expresses it in capital. Despite the numerous difficulties present in the writings of marx and the marxist tradition, we believe that this approach is still relevant as a method of analysis of modern politics, and its differences with forms of power in pre-capitalist societies
Talbot, François. "Phénoménologie, ontologie et réalité : Hegel et Marx." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30720/30720.pdf.
Full textCailleba, Patrice. "L'individu chez Marx." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040063.
Full textInterested by the conceptions of the individual in Marx's Philosophy, we distinguished three different types belonging to three distinct political philosophies. The first individual, best represented by the Greek citizen, is defined by reason and freedom. We usually talk about "rationalist-liberal humanism". The second individual is the "generic being", heir of Feuerbach's and Hegel's philosophy. This "dialectical Naturalism" deprives the individual of his own liberty and lets the Gender, i. E. Nature, be the only will who decides. The last individual is the class. The human being is considered as a social and economical determinated person belonging to a definite social class (the working class or the bourgeoisie). History, but not Man, reigns over the world. This philosophy is named "historical Materialism". The development of those three philosophies corresponds to the 1841-1846 years. After 1846, when Marx is convinced that he found the good definition of the individual and that his last philosophy is right - because he "understood" the direction of History -, he plans to apply it to his new research field: political economy. Thus, Marx's work following 1846 must be considered through the individual definition he gave in "The German ideology", written when he was 28. Nevertheless, Marx's political philosophy ends in failure. First, his philosophies are undermined by dialectic, inspired by Plato and Hegel, which ruins all Marx's work. Then, because he does not acknowledge the possibility of a free act, Marx does not include liberty within his political philosophy. Finally the German philosopher turns out to be an anti-political thinker
Pavón, Cuéllar David. "Lacan, lecteur de Marx." Rouen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2012ROUEL023.
Full textWithout being either a Marxist or close to Marxism, the psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan (1901-1981) refers to Karl Marx (1818-1883) with emphasis and enthusiasm. Besides counting Marx among the most passionate followers of the truth, Lacan surprisingly sees him as the inventor of the symptom and the founder of structuralism. It also assigns to him capital merits in a Lacanian perspective, such as the subversion of knowledge, the refutation of metalanguage, the discoloration of the master discourse and the denunciation of epistemological deception. All this constitutes a reading of Marx which is characterized by its complexity, boldness and originality. In this thesis, we deal with such a reading. We explore its precedents and its foundations. We consider its consistency and its place in the context of the Lacanian theory. We look at its evolution over the succession of writings and seminars of Lacan. We compare it to other approaches to Marx
Dimi, Charles-Robert. "Nationalisme et internationalisme chez Karl Marx et Friedrich Engels." Rouen, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ROUEL008.
Full textDe, Lima Gomes Nogueira Maria Alice. "Education, savoir, production chez Marx et Engels." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37597068c.
Full textKhiari, Sadri. "Marx et l'Etat : la notion de bonapartisme." Paris 8, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA08A001.
Full textAccording to the Marxist terminology, the notion of Bonapartism refers at first to the experience of the Second Empire whose advent was analyzed by Marx in his three main political written works. In this analysis Bonapartism emerges as a form which is specific to the bourgeois State, characterized by a personal and plebiscitary dictatorship. Bonapartism rests on a strong bureaucratic, police and military machinery and develops a Populist and national ideology. In Bonapartism, bureaucracy governs on behalf of the bourgeoisie but for the benefit of the latter. This of course is a minimal definition that our thesis seeks to question. From which theoretical schema have they developed this Bonapartist hypothesis? What were the main moments of this working out and what were the handicaps this hypothesis encountered?
Kouvélakis, Efstathios. "Philosophie et révolution de Kant à Marx." Paris 8, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA08A007.
Full textDe, Lima Gomes Nogueira Maria Alice. "Education, savoir, production chez Marx et Engels." Paris 5, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA05H089.
Full textThis study aims to understand Marx’s and Engels’ views on education such as they were conceived and have developed throughout their writings and at that time. The first part studies the historical context in which these views have formed, and shows how much can be ascribed to the then intensive exploitation of children's work by mechanized industry. A survey of the way in which capitalism used to resort to children's work in the nineteenth century has been made. It is based on Marx’s and Engels’ relevant writings. The second part provides a special account of these authors' opinions as far as teaching is concerned. Marx’s main thesis on the connexion between education and production work has been given detailed analysis. We have tried to assess where it stems from, how it proceeds throughout his work, which factors are underlying. This study concludes with an analysis of Marx’s and Engels’ stance towards the topical mottoes of their time such as universal, free, public education, compulsory and undenominational school
Barnaud-Meyer, Sarah. "Marx et la question de la démocratie." Thesis, Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040062/document.
Full textOur research calls forth three reassessments : Marx’s theory of history does not expel politics, rather it raises democracy as the issue of modern times; communism does not dismiss democracy but actualizes it; it is not the dictatorship of the proletariat that poses a problem but society’s constitution into a political subject. Already in his first works, Marx criticizes the differentiated sphere of politics for the sake of immanent politics since democracy is not a form of the modern state, but what surpasses the diremption of the community.The democratic state is an oxymoron; true or real democracy is communism. The democratic state is condemned to remain formal without the socialization of the means of production, and communism is condemned to a dictatorship of the needs without the socialization of politics. The issue of democracy the way Marx states it therefore provides a main thread for hermeneutics and political analysis. Remains the precarious process of realizing democracy. The dictatorship of the proletariat is an expansion of democracy against the state, but the dialectic of revolution did not lead to a decisive subjective moment. Yet democratic societies tend toward socialization and endure the conditions of impossibility for fair politics: a marxist stand thus unfolds democracy as an issue and puts into question the closure of the Machiavellian moment
Bertocchi, Jean-Louis. "Marx : une certaine approche du travail." Aix-Marseille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX10071.
Full textMarxism, with its errors and its faults, belongs to contemporary theoretical culture. A close reading of marx's work reveals that one of the principle contributions of marxist thought, consists in the foundations established in the approach to the reality of human work labour. The validity of this analysis is still certain today, not only in so far as it confronts the contemporary stakes which make the question of work one of the central queries of our contemporality, but also in that this analysis has been able to situate this query. Basing itself, certainly, on political economy and its criticism but also on a fundamental reflection genuinely engrained in the most demanding philosophical tradition. The complexity of marxist thought, and the richness of its approach allow the grasp of a dialectic between value of usage and value of exchange, concrete and abstract work labour, poiesis and praxis, concept and experience, which can lead us to the work labour paradigm of our contemporality
Cissé, Gnagna. "La notion de système dans la pensée de K. Marx : systématicité et temporalité chez K. Marx." Poitiers, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989POIT5013.
Full textTo the abstract, dogmatic system, who seems to be eternal, who is adverse to the individual, marx conceivably prefer the open, temporal system, whose systematic perfection is never definitely establisched. Such a system seems to be an organic totality, a dynamic circular process who thoroughly makes the best of the vitality and the freedom of the individual
Garo, Isabelle. "Reflet et représentation dans la pensée de Marx." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010582.
Full textThe theory of reflex has been for long debated granting marx with the argument that knowledge might be a relevant image of the objective reality. The analysis of this proposition, that started with engels and lenin is still going on till now, allows and requires a coming back to the proper use made by marx of reflex and image notions within the scope of a more general reflexion upon representation. This reflexion leads him from a controversy against the hegelian and neo-hegelian conceits to the elaboration of the ideology concept, pointing out social creation and function of representations within the range of class war in the way of capitalist production. Emphasizing the proper dynamism of these representations, marx has overcome the inherent tensions in his type of ideology, studying this objective representation : money, upon the original ground of criticism of political economy. Hence he gives an analogical role to the reflex notion allowing it to take into account singular and concrete representations, such as. So, this notion of a new kind bears the opportunity of a proceeding criticism of philosophy wich never builds up into a new theory of knowledge. The study of the marxism conceit of representation does give way to a proper style of investigation and conceptualism, that does not gather its conclusions in an ultimate synthesis but deal - in a way both open and precisily defined - with the most varied representations and in particular with the notions of theory and method within their relationship to a transforming application. Then, in a unique move, the problem of representation arises as worked out, implemented and reflected
ZENI, BRUNO. "Logique et histoire dans le "capital" de marx." Paris 8, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA080521.
Full textOur attempt is to define the relations marx's logic of capital and history. The main hypothese of our work is that there is a relation between the logic of capital and the structure of merchandise; on the base of this hypothese, we try to devellop and understand the whole content of the capital
Huh, Kyung-Hoe. "Kant, Comte et Marx, critiques de l'économie politique." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100166.
Full textThere exist two distinctive traditions on the history of modern economic science: the scientist tradition and its demystification. This essay purposes to attest the "scientific" supremacy of the second over the first. In the first and introductory chapter, this thesis argues against the so-called orthodox economists and their scientist reduction of the economic science, first under the objectivistic pretence of a science of pure objects or to a science of the submission, secondly under the positive pretence to an apologetically science in favor of the existing bourgeois order, and lastly under nilistic pretence to an individualistic science. In the following chapters, the thesis attempts to recognize some diverse philosophical efforts to find the veritable scientific status of the economic science as an human science, that is, a science of the object in which the human being intervenes, a value oriented science, a science in search of the meaning of the human life. The second chapter has chosen E. Kant and A. Comte to be attributable for the premier criticisms of the modern political economy
DE, CAVENELLE BOUTET MARIE HELENE. "Ascetisme et heroisme dans l'oeuvre de marx engels." Poitiers, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991POIT5002.
Full textIs ascetism definitely left by the materialism of marx and engels? apparently, yes, with the ideologic lorals. But criticism, even extent to the political economy, is not total. Indeed, during the period of revolution, necessary, according to marx and engels'thought, for the advent of the "complete" man, the heroism of the individualities remains essential. It is an ascetism| even the future society is the scene of a volontary ascese which is the emancipated work
Mannker, Nathan Michel. "Questions à propos de Marx : apparence et réalité." Paris 8, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA081259.
Full text" any surplus value, in whatever form - profit, interest, income, etc. - is, in substance, the materialisation of " unpaid work ", as marx declares in " das kapital ". The whole capitalist system is thus built on the plunder of the strength of physical or intellectual work. In other words, its very existence implies this primary manifestation of a self-perpetuating class struggle which i have called the one-way class struggle. Material conditions have a decisive impact on conceptual conditions but there is no automatic link between them as subjectivity intervenes in the rational or irrational interpretation of material conditions. In his critique of hegel, marx tends to minimise the autonomy of the idea. The role of human behaviour is insufficiently considered. Undeniably, some processes and trends occur outside human will but they are subject both to their own contradictions liable to hamper their evolution and to the action of humans who are more or less capable of identifying essential necessities since self-interest and passion guide us in random situations. Thus, necessity, self-interest, passion and chance constitute what i have called a sort of quartet which is the prime mover of all different human societies and the relations that govern them. The human incapacity to know everything, to understand everything, to achieve everything is a reference to what i have called the platonic vestige of " timee ". This human inability is insufficiently considered by marx and is completely ignored by the stalinian interpretation of marxism-leninism, known as the " infaillible doctrine "
Sarr, Ousmane. "La critique de l’aliénation chez Marx." Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100066.
Full textOur work dealt with the evolution of the alienation concept in Marxist thought. The concept of alienation, probably inherited from Hegel and Feuerbach, has known its real philosophical elevation under Marx’s writing. From his earliest writings to his works called maturity, Marx has not stopped re-elaborating the famous concept of alienation. Through Marx’s philosophical and political works, the concept was part of a critical perspective that did not truly get rid of Hegel and Feuerbach’s influence completely. However, as we have shown throughout our work, as the economic discoveries get richer, Hegel and Feuerbach’s influences even though they often reappear in some parts of his analysis, Marx no longer seems to give much more importance to the concept but he tackles new and rich issues which allow him not only to expand its analysis but also to deepen it. On the whole and somehow, against any biased reading of Althusser and recently of Bensussan, the works of Marx show that the concept, truly considered philosophical for the first time from 1844, Marx in fact used the concept to study society in general, does not disappear as well as the focus it was supposed to bear. Thus, in our work, we have strongly shown that there is certainly a rewriting of a focus found in the works called maturity developed in 1844, but the rewriting is not so identical to the former. This has allowed us to see that the theme of alienation produced in 1844 can logically be reworked today; the issue of alienation, far from disappearing in the modern era, has drastically re-appeared and has given significant tasks to philosophy in particular and to thinking in general
Kitami, Shuji. "Fétichisme et autonomie multiple : à partir de Sartre et de Marx." Paris 10, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA100166.
Full textThis thesis concerns the sartrien theory of alienation and the marxist theory of fetishism. In other words it explains how society becomes independent of the will of its members and what a truly democratic and autonomous society, which has abolished this alienation, ought to be. The first part is a preliminary study emphasizing the non-anthropocentric character of sartrien philosophy. This seemed important in order to show that no macro-subject is pre-supposed in the sartrien and marxist theory of alienation. The second part consists first of all of a commentary on the marxist theory of fetishism and its of abolition. We have paid particular attention to the problem of the rationality implied in this theory. We ask what rationality marx employs when he describes communism as an authentic democracy capable of abolishing fetishism and operating through the "rational" control of society? we have endeavoured to extract such rationality from sartre's critique de la raison dialectique. The third part deals with the problems that sartre and marx left behind them, in particular: 1. The problem of the formation of modern societies. 2 the problem of an alternative democracy. 3; the problem of the relationship between democracy and philosophy
Gallo, Lassere Davide. "Argent et capitalisme : de Marx aux monnaies du commun." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100130.
Full textThe analyses developed in my doctoral dissertation intend to stress the eminently political function played by money. Unlike neoclassic economic theory, I argue that currency is not neutral in economic and political terms. It materializes the power relationships that influence society, producing effects of different nature. The research consists of three parts: “Money and capitalism”, “Money and neocapitalism”, “Money and postcapitalism”. They are introduced by a preface in which I present my epistemological approach and by an ontological introduction, in which I focus on the social projects of the subjectivities who struggle to reinvent money adapting it to their needs. The first part of the dissertation, through a reading of the works of Marx, Simmel and Keynes, focuses on the main features of capitalist money: a tool for domination, a mobiliser of passions and a vector of social transformation. The second part explores some key elements of the crisis of neocapitalism: the global redeployment of the regime of accumulation, financialization of everyday life and the institution of euro. The third part, after an evaluation of the conditions of postcapitalistic transition, examines two practices capable to trigger original processes of political subjectivation: claims for a guaranteed social income and experimenting complementary monetary circuits. Finally, in the socio-political conclusions I delineate some paths in order to articulate a general theory of the common’s coins
Bianchi, Barata Ribeiro Bernardo. "Le fil rouge de la transformation : Marx et Spinoza." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010507/document.
Full textLn recent decades, the relationship between Spinoza and Marx was discussed by authors such as Louis Althusser, Antonio Negri and Maximilien Rubel. However, although we can establish a link between the two in terms of theoretical affinities, it lacks an analysis of the relationship between these affinities and actual references From Marx to Spinoza. Until now, we do not know more about the specific way these references can articulate with the objectives inherent to Marx 's philosophical and political activism throughout his life. This study therefore seeks to browse the first writings from Marx in order to study the presence of Spinoza, and simultaneously demonstrate to which purposes this presence attended. At the same time, and just as importantly, we seek to show that, although these references explain how Marx moved away From Spinoza, they nevertheless reveal that in this distance, Marx finally find, not so much Spinoza, but Spinozism
Doublet, Lucie. "« Sublime matérialisme » : Emmanuel Levinas et l’héritage de Karl Marx." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100049.
Full textExplicit references to Marx or to communism are rare in Levinas’ writing, especially in his major works. This is astonishing, considering the context in which he was writing. In the second half of the 20th century, human sciences were particularly influenced by the debate of Marxist paradigms. Levinas was truly impacted by the context of his era. He was a witness of the Russian revolution at Kharkov in 1917. Many members of his family were victims of the Shoah. This tragedy profoundly impacted him. His philosophical approach is lead by the necessity of re-thinking the « human community », whilst bearing in mind the lessons that the 20th century has left behind. Several critics have considered Levinas’ work to be “apolitical”, or have at least argued that the political undertones of his work are to be taken in consideration as a secondary factor. This thesis has, in contrary, focused upon and sustained the centrality of Levinas’ politically motivated thought. Communal and societal dilemmas are at the heart of Levinas’ ethical approach. The traditional socialist stance towards justice and universalism, in the line of Marx, constitutes a central focus of his reflexion. The suggestions made by Marx underpin Levinas’ conceptions of the individual, of pluralism, of justice and of the State. On one hand, they are a source of inspiration for Levinas, on the other, a source of critic. The thesis has aimed to reconstitute the intellectual dialogue that Levinas carried out with Marx between the lines. Whilst exploring the social and political leitmotivs of Levinas’ thought, the interminglement with Marx has been illuminating and innovative. It has enabled an original approach to questions revolving around justice, social struggle and political institutions. Considering the levinassian “Anarchy of Good”, the “Patience” and what Levinas calls the “Liberal state”, previously ignored positions emerge, which have been left on the side by the liberal tradition and by socialist thoughts both in Marxian and anarchist terms
Sempere, Jean-François. "Marx et le problème du langage de l'echange économique." Paris 10, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA100027.
Full textTimsit, Alexandre. "Les économistes et la réception de l'oeuvre de Marx." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE0008.
Full textBesides the introductory chapter, which concerns the introduction of the theories of Marx, the thesis comprises three parts. First, we study the readings and critiques of the theories of Marx, based on book I of Capital, by the French liberal economists and the marginalists. We show that those readings are ideological and reductionist. The second part covers the period from the death of Marx to the publication of book III of Capital. We present the controversy between Loria and Engels, and then the contributions of Sombart, Labriola, Croce, Sorel and Andler. We show that the reading of these authors is more accurate than those of the liberals and the marginalists, because it takes the specificity of Marx's scientific approach into account. The third part deals with the readings based on the whole Capital. We present the reaction of marxists to the content of book III; then we come back to liberals and marginalists, to show that their position does not evolve much. In the final analysis, it appears that those economists erroneously interpreted Marx's writings, despite the indications given on this matter by other scholars
Faes, Hubert. "La condition du savoir : Hegel et Marx pour nous." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010502.
Full textRegarding a theory that examines the conditions of the possibility of knowledge, Hegel and Marx introduce a contemporary problematic of the historical conditions of the existence of knowledge within the framework of an onto-anthropology that they have profoundly transformed. They question an abstract metaphysics of universal history based on the idea of human nature because there can only be essence and hence knowledge within defined conditions of existence. But their disegreement centers on the manner in which to understand the relationship of the subject and his knowledge to their conditions of existence. The following principal questions are examined also through a comparison Hegel Marx: 1. Life and history. The complex structure of the relationship of living beings and their conditions of existence is at the base of the historicity of man and his knowledge. 2. History and development, history and production, time and logik. The relationship of the subject and of his development to history. 3. Conditions and end of historical activity. The relation of knowledge in relation to activity. Outline of a new conception of historical action and a new form of teleology
Sahali, Sehi Armand. "Marx, le capitalisme et les paradoxes de l'économie contemporaine." Thesis, Poitiers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019POIT5002.
Full textRecent studies carried out on individual's exploitation in the capitalist system suggested a fondamental revision of its approach. Thus, Marx's theory of exploitation, popularized from the 19th century till today seems to represent the margins of his work rather than its core. The relevance of his criticism is updated as changes occur in capitalism. It allows us to grasp the core of paradoxes of contemporary economics according to which: “capitalist production creates the conditions for individual's happiness, yet these conditions constitute an obstacle to his freedom''. This study carried out around the economic theories of Marx suggest a metastructural approach to the critique of capitalism in the 21st century while identifying avenues for individuals' emancipation from. At this level, Marx engages in a perspective of reforming the principles of freedom and social justice
Verrier, Philippe. "Le problème de la valeur d'usage chez Marx." Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100266.
Full textSereni, Paul. "Individualité et communauté dans la pensée de Marx : transparence collective et créativité singulière." Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100034.
Full textLe, Mest Gwénolé. "Travail productif et travail improductif dans l'œuvre de Karl Marx." Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100085.
Full textThe notions of productive and unproductive labor are conceived as princips for an interpretation of Marx’s works in their varied dimensions: theoretic, sociological, political, historical, ideological. The specific productive labor of surplus-value is analyzed with the notions of useful value and value: this analysis proves that the notions of productive and unproductive labor are theoretical products liable to serve for the analysis of an historical mode of production and that the production of surplus-value must be thought in the framework of a general theory of productivity. The second aspect of the theoretic dimension analyses the capitalist mode of production's development always considered from the question productive labor - productivity of labor. The capitalist mode of production's historical mission consists in the development of the labor’s productivity but it must maintain an increased exploitation affecting the productive class. These two aims are contradictory and the exploitation concerns an always more limited number of workers. The destiny of the productive class preoccupies Marx. The political conclusions of his theory are sometimes considered as too teleologically revolutionary, but the political dimension must be perhaps examined from an untheoretic starting point and the reasons of the revolutionary faith thought from an exploration of the historical dimension. According to the author, an analysis of the labor’s sectors considered as unproductive from the capitalist production's mode general point of view can contribute to the scientific socialism's theory. The relation between Marx and his predecessors is studied in this thesis
Le, Mest Gwénolé. "Travail productif et travail improductif dans l'oeuvre de Karl Marx." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375991413.
Full textFoufas, Nikolaos. "Le concept d’aliénation de Rousseau à Marx : continuités et transformations." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100103/document.
Full textThis study examines the concept of alienation, and focuses more specifically on its genesis, its deployment, its particular history, its complex configurations, its multiple transformations. Three authors are highlighted: Rousseau, Hegel, Marx. The attempt to examine the concept of alienation in the forms that Rousseau, Hegel and the young Marx give it, has as its starting point the criticism of Althusser according to whom this concept rises from an abstract, metaphysical vision of history and from the activity of human agents. According to Althusser, alienation is indeed the humanistic expression of a philosophy of the return to the origins and of a reunion with a human essence that might have been lost. The philosophy of contractual alienation (as the basis for the institution of a political community in Rousseau), the questioning of the historical positivity in the writings of the young Hegel, and finally the critique of alienated labor forged by the young Marx in his Manuscripts of 1844, would they basically all be variations around the same essentialist conception of human history? Diverging from such an undifferentiated disqualification, the thesis proposes to develop the original and singular reflection that each one of these three authors is developing on the subject of alienation, while trying to highlight what they share, despite their differences. Because, speaking of alienation, is always here to question the socially induced mutilating loss of a relation to oneself, to others and to the world. And it is also always a subject to conceive historical conditions considered degrading that must be overcome. In other words, this study intends to not only show that alienation cannot be reduced to an abstract and naively humanist concept, but that it also forms a key benchmark, since it takes seriously the task of thinking of the impossibility for certain groups or certain social classes to achieve self-realization and thrive, amid a sustained deprivation of what can be provided by sufficiently rich and varied relations to oneself, to others and to the world
Radonjic, Tatjana. "Marxisme et théorie de la connaissance le travail de Marx, Engels et Lénine /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37609106w.
Full textCAMARA, M. TAULOMCET. "La notion de violence dans l'oeuvre de marx et engels. Signification et valeur." Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010585.
Full textRadonjic, Tatjana. "Marxisme et théorie de la connaissance : le travail de Marx, Engels et Lénine." Paris 10, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA100047.
Full textThis work traces the formation of a Marxist theory of knowledge through the works of Marx, Engels and Lenin. One of its principal themes is the comparison between the materialist theory of knowledge and the traditional epistemology (Kant, Hegel, the empiriciss). The first chapter ("first signs: idealism and materialism") analyses the work of young Marx - his critique of Hegel’s objective idealism and Feuerbach’s subjective materialism. In the second chapter we explain the specificity of the materialist dialectical method of Marx through its differences with that of Hegel (the text of the introduction of 1857 to the contribution), the dialectics of form in the capital which represents its contribution to epistemology, and the dialectic of Engels. Together these ideas clarify the fundamental and unsurmountable differences between Marxism and empiricism. A theory that has dominated the philosophy of science since the 18th century. Hence the title of the chapter: "materialism and empiricism". We conclude this work with an analysis of Lenin’s philosophical works ("gnoseology of reflection"). In its scientific and political context. By means of his work on the theory of knowledge Lenin creates a theoretical support for Marxism as well as a new way of philosophizing. In that last chapter, then, we witness a constitution of a theory of knowledge that is Marxist and materialist. Known under the name of the theory of reflection it allows us to understand historical materialism and dialectical materialism as a whole, and also to criticize all concepts from a materialist point of view, hence it permits Marxism to assimilate all materialist elements originating in any domain of knowledge. In order to accomplish its critical function Marxism necessitates a theory of knowledge
Noppen, Pierre-François Marion Jean-Luc. "Marx, Horkheimer, Adorno et le projet d'une théorie post-hégélienne de la dialectique." Paris : Université Paris Sorbonne - Paris IV, 2008. http://www.theses.paris4.sorbonne.fr/noppen/paris4/2007/noppen/html/index-frames.html.
Full textTouboul, Hervé. "Le problème de l'individu dans l'Idéologie allemande de Marx et Engels." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010559.
Full textLainé, Mathieu-Joffre. "David Ricardo, Karl Marx et l'antagonisme nécessaire des intérêts de classe." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27601.
Full textNkodia, Sébastien. "Conflits entre production et information dans la pensée économique de Karl Marx." Besançon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BESA1010.
Full textGoing over the course of Karl Marx's thought through different successive points of view that specifically underline his thought, the aim is to grasp the time that Karks Marx's lasting and definite turning point towards the beginning of new problematics specific to the field of information in the analysis of the production-information couple. The analysis of the processing’s of capitalist production consequently throws light on the economic categories from which Marx realizes an intra-categorical, inter-categorical and extra-categorical analysis worthy of efforts, and depicts at the same time, the conflicts, the tensions and the paradox inherent and registered in the heart of the problematics like a thesaurus of a possible reading from the point of view of information. To be the companions of truth, of our experience in our days, these conflicts, these tensions and paradox in the heart of which the whole human existence is fighting still remains interest worthy, and, out of an intra and inter-structural analysis from which emerges this situation in the sense that it concerns us all even today, more than at the time of Marx
Brouste, Pierre. "Contribution à l'étude du profit chez Marx." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010008.
Full textMarx's thought is complex, unachieved (his main economic work « The Capital » performs less than 1 6 of his entire project) and often different from marxist theory. This thesis analyses some undevelopped aspects of Marx's theory and its links with the theory of profit and the rate of profit. It's the case of unproductive capital and the middle class, the agrar question and foreign trade. The second part of the thesis studies the process valorisation devalorisation andits relations with the falling rate of profit
Cantin, Serge. "Le déni marxien du politique et sa répétition dans le "Marx" de Michel Henry." Montpellier 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON30016.
Full textAlthough the sensitive question of a connection between totalitarian marxism and marx's own thought is a starting point for this study, the author doesn't tackle it directly, but rather shows how its investigation, with just a few exceptions, has put up with an attitude which is deeply rooted in our tradition of political writing. Among those remarkable exceptions stands out hannah arendt, whose position the author fully endorses, namely when she states that "the greater part of political philosophy could easily be interpreted as a series of essays which try to discover theoretical foundations and practical means for a permanent escape from politics". The thesis propounded in this study is that this quasi psychoanalytic diagnosis of the western tradition of political thinking can be applied as well to marx himself as to his most profound living exegete. The three parts of the study hinge on a critical scrutiny of the method and postulates which go into the making of michel henry's marx (gallimard 1976). However debatable may be m. Henry's dichotomous and manicheic approach (an absolute heterogeneity between marx and marxism), however shaky may be the link between henry's own philosophy of life and the marxian philosophy of labor, the most important objective of the present thesis is to make evident their common denial of politics and to show how this denial rests on a need to reduce to unity and identity the manifold plurality and otherness of the human predicament in the world, this need being and obsession of the philoso
Nogbou, Ebisseli Hyacinthe. "Le dépérissement de l'État dans la philosophie de Karl Marx." Paris 8, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA082551.
Full textTrevini, Bellini Alessandro. "Suspension du Capital-Monde par la production de la jouissance : Marx entre Aristote et la phénoménologie." Thesis, Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100157/document.
Full textThe “suspension of the World–Capital by enjoyment production” announces something which belongs to the political order, and which fully concerns Marx’s thinking. As the subtitle indicates it aims to grasp the meaning of capital as “World Capital” thanks to the phenomenology, and to think about production as an “enjoyment production”, thanks to the praxis given by Aristotle. We therefore accept the challenge of a reading of Marx’s work, liberated both from Marxism and the modern philosophy horizon, in order to reveal the ontology at work since his early writings. In this respect, we will try to topicalise the issue of the domination of capital. Indeed, Marx did not finish to teach us how to analyse the essence of capitalism and to show us in which direction to take in order to produce differently i.e. to act freely and enjoy our works. Starting from the debate on the young Marx, we will indulge in a sort of genealogy of the constitution of his ontology. This road, full of deadlocks and blind-alleys, represents the main part of our work. In this context, our problem consists mainly in grasping the “logic device” of the 44 manuscripts in order to show that as an eidetic material it permits to understand the formality which will then found Das Kapital. Our duty will consist at the same time to seize the Marxian notion of activation in order to show that as a constitutive praxis, this notion makes possible the suspension of the totality of the functioning philosophical conditions of the World-Capital
Amer-Meziane, Mohamed Aït. "Empire et sécularisme : les théologies politiques de l'orientalisme : des Lumières à Marx." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H213.
Full textHow did the boundary between a secular West and a theocratic Islam emerge? When did Islam appear as an impossible secularization, as a religious Law supposed to stem from its historical failures? This work is a history of this boundary of secular reason. It shows how the very concept of secularization emerged from a religious geography through a study of Nineteenth Century French and German Imperial Thought. It begins with the Enlightenment and the French Expedition in Egypt and studies Hegelianism as an early form of Secularism. It studies the mutations of this boundary through French Republicanism in its relation to Africa and through the German Imperial tradition in its relation to the Ottoman Empire
Mercier-Josa, Solange. "De la thématique du conflit à l'exploration de l'entre Hegel et Marx." Paris 10, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA100058.
Full textMy initial aim, when writing the first volume of my thesis, the them of conflict in Western thought, was to read as closely as possible section A of chapter IV of the Phenomenology of Spirit, to understand precisely what Hegel meant by struggle for (or of) recognition, relation of lordship and bondage, and by universal self-consciousness. I have tried to make intelligible the hegelian thesis of an original conflict, constitutive of the formation of free self-consciousness. I did this via connecting the seven hegelian versions of the struggle for (of) recognition written between 1802 and 1830, initially by a determination of the discrepancy between Hegel's thematics on the one hand, and, on the other, the status of conflict in Plato and Aristotle (stasis and polemos) and of the "state of war" inherent within the state of nature in Hobbes and Rousseau. Subsequently, I tested the degree of resistance of the Hegelian text vis-à-vis Marx and Engel's criticism, Nietzsche's genealogy and Freud's metapsychology and psychoanalysis. In my two books, Hegel and Marx, and in volume III, I have shifted the focus of my problematic, attempting ti rethink what had been thought by Marx, unbalancing his text by the reading of Hegel, and what had been thought by Hegel via the reading of Marx. I have suggested to define Marx's "inversion" of Hegelas a metaphor of the act of demetaphorisation, that is as the endeavour to say litteraly what had been said figuratively. However, beyond the marxian criticism of the incoherence or the illusion of hegelian philosophizing on the relation between political right and abstract right, on history
Choe, Hong-Gyo. "Essai sur les théories de la crise des classiques et de Marx." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100010.
Full textIn this thesis, we examined classical theories, Marx’s critic on them, while discussing the theoretical itinerary which can be found in his critic. We also discussed the crisis theories in capital. In classical theories, one can find the important concepts and ideas on crisis, even if they are present in rudimentary and confused form. We examined what Marx had succeeded to and what he surpassed classical economists, that is, the influence of the latter economists on Marx. Second, we discussed the evolution of Marx’s thought on crisis which is found, explicitly or implicitly, in his critic presented in Grundrisse, theories of the surplus value. In discussing the theories on crisis in capital, we discussed the problem posited in the crisis theory of Marx
Monferrand, Frédéric. "Marx, ontologie sociale et critique du capitalisme : une lecture des manuscrits économico-philosophiques de 1844." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100035.
Full textWhat type of ontology is mobilized when one asserts that capitalism is a form of social organization which is specific and can be historically overcome? In order to answer this question, we proceed in this study to a reading of the Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844. Starting with an analysis of their young-Hegelian context of elaboration as well as of the stakes of their reception within Marxism, I argue that Marx in these manuscripts builds upon a critical description of the experience of alienation to develop a processual ontology of society. This ontology combines a theory of the alienated forms that structure the social world (money, division of labour, private property) and a theory of the content alienated under these forms (essential forces and objects, nature and species-being). The critical model that emerges here – which can be described as a “critical ontology of capitalism” - has produced profound effects on the different attempts by theoreticians, from Herbert Marcuse to Louis Althusser and from Georg Lukács to Antonio Negri, to confer to the project of a radical transformation of society the ontology it deserves. And it is by the evaluation of its effects that it become possible to formulate anew the question of the ruptures and continuities between the Manuscripts of 1844 and Capital
García, Vivien. "Le sort de la philosophie : Michel Bakounine, Friedrich Engels, Karl Marx, Max Stirner : quatre itinéraires jeunes-hégéliens (1842-1843)." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAP003.
Full textThe names of Bakunin, Engels, Marx, or Stirner are hardly ever associated withthe Young Hegelian movement. Bakunin and Stirner are generally associated withanarchism and Marx and Engels with marxism. Their lives and the fate of theirworks could do no more than obliterate the mutual and concomitant contributionsof these authors to what has sometimes been described as a philosophicalschool. This participation, in any case, occured thirty years before thecristallisation of the aforesaid political movements.This research proposes an immanent, and at the same time contextual, reading ofthe main texts written by these authors between 1842 and 1843. The theories ofeach of them are presented in accordance with their own questions and issues,focusing on the conceptual borrowings and innovations realised as aconsequence. They are expounded through a perpetual to and fro between theproblematic field related to the movement from which they were born and inwhich they participated.Nevertheless this study cannot be reduced to a mere contribution to the historyof ideas. One of the key interests of the analysed texts lies in what they tellus, from a post-hegelian perspective, about philosophy. When they describetheir epoch, they all conclude that there is no identity of the rational andthe real. There is still much to do for those who do not abandon the idea of therealisation of freedom in history. However, according to Hegel, philosophy canonly describe the process or the results of this realisation. Cannot philosophycontribute to the destiny it revealed? And if not, is it possible to renewphilosophy? How? Would an exit from philosophy be preferable? Other forms oftheoretical and practical intervention could be invented. But then, what aboutthe "philosophical" that remains?
Jappe, Anselm. "La critique du fétichisme de la marchandise chez Marx et ses développements chez Adorno et Lukács." Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHES0020.
Full textGOMEZ, ANDRE VILLAR. "LA DIALECTIQUE DE LA NATURE DE MARX: L ANTAGONISME ENTRE CAPITAL ET NATURE." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2004. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=4924@1.
Full textCette étude présente les réfléxions de Marx sur la relation entre l homme et la nature à travèrs le concept de dialectique de la nature. Distinct du concept de dialectique de la nature de Engels, selon lequel il existirait un procès dialectique inhérent aux domaines de la nature, independement de toute intervention humaine, le concept de dialectique de la nature de Marx est fondé sur une de ses plus importants formulations théoriques: le concept de praxis. Dans l oeuvre de Marx, la dialectique de la nature surgit du insupprimable pròces de échange matériel entre l homme et la nature, mediatisé par le travail. Aprés la formulation du concept en question, cette étude aborde le problème de la aliénation du travail qui surgit avec le système du capital, signalant l observation marxienne du profond antagonisme instauré par le capital dans le procès de échange matériel entre l homme et la nature. Cette étude montre finalement que, selon Marx, la fin de cet antagonisme est lié à la construction d une nouvelle forme histórique, qui soit au delà des étroites et alienés horizons reproductifs du système de métabolisme social du capital.
Este estudo apresenta as reflexões de Marx sobre a relação entre o homem e a natureza através do conceito de dialética da natureza. Distinto do conceito de dialética da natureza de Engels, segundo o qual existiria um processo dialético inerente aos domínios da natureza, independentemente de toda intervenção humana, o conceito de dialética da Natureza de Marx está fundado sobre uma de suas mais importantes formulações teóricas: o conceito de práxis. Na obra de Marx, a dialética da natureza surge do insuprimível processo de troca material entre o homem e a natureza, mediatizado pelo trabalho. Após a formulação do conceito em questão, este estudo aborda o problema da alienação do trabalho que surge com o sistema do capital, assinalando a observação marxiana do profundo antagonismo instaurado pelo capital nos processos de troca material entre o homem e a natureza. Este estudo mostra finalmente que, segundo Marx, o fim deste antagonismo está ligado à construção de uma nova forma histórica, que esteja para além dos estreitos e alienados horizontes reprodutivos do sistema de metabolismo social do capital.