Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Et Voltaire'
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Meng, Hua. "Voltaire et la Chine." Paris 4, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA040068.
Full textThe history and civilization of ancient China can be traced back to remote antiquity. In the eighteen century, there arose general admiration of the Chinese civilization in Europe, which considerably influenced a certain number of writers in the age of enlightenment among whom there was Voltaire. The evolution of Voltaire’s attitude toward China can be divided into three principal period: - before 1740, Voltaire, indifferent to spiritual China, simply followed the then fashionable enthusiasm for China for its exotic treasure; - not until his first retirement to Cirey, influenced by Mme Chatelet's opposition to "The History of the world" by Bossuet, did he begin a serious study of the Chinese history and form quite an objective image of China in his works. All his views on China were formulated in this period; - however, it was at Ferney that he used China as a weapon in his fight against the intolerance and fanatism of Christianity. In order to sharpen this weapon, he even made an effort to purify his relatively impartial image of China. Thus in his words after 1755, one can find an ideal China. Voltaire surpassed the other philosophers of his time because of his erudition as a historian and his thorough assimilation of the essentials of Confucianism: the humanism. These two points constantly enriched his enthusiasm for China so that he more or less mentioned China in a large quantity of his works that he left to us. .
Song, Shun-Ching. "Voltaire et la Chine." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37610001x.
Full textMeng, Hua. "Voltaire et la Chine." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37616293d.
Full textSong, Shunqin. "Voltaire et la Chine." Aix-Marseille 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX10017.
Full textThe thesis is carried out in two parts. In the first part, we have examined in voltaire's works the presence of china within various fields : history and antiquity, society, politics, religion, philosophy, science, arts and literature ; hence, we have tried to justify the gap between factual china and voltaire's image of china. The second part entitled : " research and comment " contains a chronological study of voltaire's works on china, an investigation about his sources concerning the middle kingdom, and lastly, an attempt at understanding the author's interest in china, namely its philosophical importance and the material benefits to be derived through commercial ties. This historical, philosophical, bibliographic, biographical, chronological and psychological study based on voltaire's complete works and correspondence enables us to understand better the use made of the chinese myth during the age of enlightenment by our author
McVickar, Bruce. "Voltaire, aubergiste de l'Europe." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA040167.
Full textIn this dissertation we study the life of Voltaire as host in his two luxurious residences in Geneva, "les Délices", and at Ferney. The most celebrated man of his time, he attracts visitors from all over Europe. A detailed chronology (from 1755 to 1778) of these travellers with a brief commentary on their visits is followed by a typology of the pilgrims (as most of them travel to pay homage to the great man) to better explain what they expect of Voltaire and what he expects of them. Aristocrats, artists and young visitors are studied. Then we consider the reception at the chateau, beginning with a description of Ferney and the different stages of the reception. The customs of the time and the originality of Voltaire are not neglected, in order to better understand his character. We also refer to his work, a fecund field for understanding his ideal of the aristocratic country host. Finally, Voltaire’s table gives us a picture of eighteenth country taste and encourages conversation, one of the principal activities that allows him to better seduce the visitor and to make life an art, which sustains and extends his work
Fabian, Rosmarie. "Voltaire et le bonheur du poète épicurien : poésie, poétique, « poétologie » chez Voltaire." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040287.
Full textThe present doctoral thesis addresses the concept of happiness in Voltaire’s lyric poems. To date, Voltaire’s poetry has not been the subject of significant research, despite the fact that it is of great significance in terms of gaining an understanding of the aesthetic of the French author, as he expresses his thoughts and feelings directly in his poetry.Research into the topics, which Voltaire associated with the Latin Epicurean poets, shows how he adopted their philosophical and literary practice. A particular inspiration for Voltaire was Horace, from whom he took on, among other things, the idea of the poeta doctus and the nature of poetic creativity, which are very closely associated with a feeling of happiness.In this thesis, a distinction is made between ‘poetics’ and ‘poetology’ which does not exist in French. This distinction enables us to shed some light on the legacy of the ancient Epicurean poets (particularly Horace), and highlights the close and complex relationship between poetry, happiness and the Epicurean topics which are reflected in Voltaire’s poetry and which this thesis addresses: the themes of landscape, age, friendship and mythology
Chabarek, Nahed. "Mahomet et l'Islam vus par Voltaire." Paris 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA030012.
Full textWe were led to examine the sources and the inquiries of rophete clopedistes. R ood industry. H italy. . . Voltaire about islam in the first place through his predecessors e clopedistes. R ood industry. H italy. . . And the travellers of his time and further the image of mohammed e clopedistes. R ood industry. H italy. . . In france and in the french theatre, in the "encyclopedie" and in e clopedistes. R ood industry. H italy. . . The encyclopaedists. This study also led us to study the family e clopedistes. R ood industry. H italy. . . Influences on the antifanatic behaviour of arouet and to examine e clopedistes. R ood industry. H italy. . . His changing temper and his fluctuating character. We made that e clopedistes. R ood industry. H italy. . . Before studying islam in the works of voltaire in the light of hise clopedistes. R ood industry. H italy. . . Explanatory correspondence, in his theatre and in his various e clopedistes. R ood industry. H italy. . . Works. We adopted the chronological order so as to avoid s e clopedistes. R ood industry. H italy. . . Repetitions as it was the case with the author. Finally, we must e clopedistes. R ood industry. H italy. . . Acknowledge that the relation of voltaire with mohammed was not e clopedistes. R ood industry. H italy. . . Without ambiguity because an ambivalence results from this : his e clopedistes. R ood industry. H italy. . . Judgements on mohammed the man and the prophet are rather different. Clopedistes. R ood industry. H italy. . . Further, we see voltaire posing as a prophet while her different. Clopedistes. R ood industry. H italy. . . Trying to draw nearer to the great politicians of his time to t. Clopedistes. R ood industry. H italy. . . Become a prophet of the new times. Oliticians of his time to t. Clopedistes. R ood industry. H italy. .
Karoui, Abdeljelil. "La dramaturgie de Voltaire." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989CLF20024.
Full textThe first part of this work aimed at studying the dramatic technique of voltaire in relation to the 17th century. The second part illustrates his techniques through three representative plays. In the third part we have concentrated on his dramatic technique as it is related to the most intimate and more or less conscious part in him, and on the philosopher's will to preach his "thruths" and his determined struggle against "infamy". Thes study shows that voltaire's will to reform the classical theatre was not very strong. However, in his time, he was considered as the first dramatist of the 18th century. Nowadays unsatisfactory opinions on voltaire as a dramatist, endlessly repeated and curtly spread, still remain. This unfair judgement should be revised
Villevieille, Yves. "L'idée de raison chez Voltaire." Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010524.
Full textThis thesis aims at following the evolution of the term "reason" in Voltaire's works. In the same way it's an attempt to follow the evolution of the words "madness" "mad" "absurdity" "absurd" "lunacy" "fanaticism" "fanatic" as well as "enlightenment". The meaning of the above-mentioned words are classified and the most significant of the concerned entries are quoted. In conclusion such a research sets out an evolution : it emphasizes the building up of a specific reason which attacks the so nefarious religious prejudices. Reason must overcome its opponents. Here lies a moderate optimism and a call to fighting against anything that fetters reason
Shibuya, Naoki. "Tradition et modernité : étude des tragédies de Voltaire." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00968766.
Full textBoucher, Gwenaelle. "La poésie philosophique de Voltaire." Brest, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BRES1014.
Full textBen, Khamsa Yassin Karim. "Figures du fanatisme dans l'œuvre de Voltaire (1761-1765)." Paris 8, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA082673.
Full textThis thesis provide a certain look on the Voltaire struggle against the fanaticism. It’s an attempt to analyse the Voltaire’s commitment and action. It’s a deep thougt on the fanaticism. This research is precise in so far as it’s condensed on four years of the Voltaire’s intense activity. This rhetoric research is about the Traité de la tolérance, The Dictionnaire philosophique and also over the Correspondance. On the first part, entitled The fanaticism metaphors, it’s a study of the fanaticism as one of the personal enemis of Voltaire, an old aquaintance that he push away and that is hauting him. This dreadful and anguished image that voltaire convey througt his texts is redundant on his work. So we have to grasp on the different senses of the Voltaire’s texts, the connotations of the term fanaticism, it evolution and it use througt the time. It’s necessary to look at the Voltaire attitude over his writer career behind the term fanaticism and the judgment he keep on the fanatics and his reactions to their presence on his time and througt the human history. On the second part entitled The Volairian erudition we have to demonstrate that the Voltaire’s work testify to his biblic culture, his researchs his eclectic and plentful reading his curiosity constantly awakening. The whole bible is present on the letters and the Voltaire’s work. By a daring turn, the biblic expressions, punctuate the calls for the struggle against L’Infâme. On the third and last part entitled The rhetoric of the irony, we have to study the irony as the prefered arm of Voltaire. There’s no doubt that his effective arm against the fanaticism is the irony. The irony is one of the most common method used by voltaire to fight the fanaticism against who’s making him suffering and making suffering the human being
Casares, Nathalie. "La correspondance entre Voltaire et D’Alembert : une amitié épistolaire." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040059.
Full textIn the eighteenth century, friendship possesses a vaster defining spectrum and this is extended when we study this feeling in Voltaire’s and D’Alembert letters. Their long lasting relationship of more than thirty years remains indestructible despite the difference of generation between them. They knew how to overtake the disparities that separated them, the disputes, and the multiple manners with somewhat and nevertheless, happiness. But it is precisely through the relational pitfalls and obstacles that the friendship had been tested, its value is revealed, its particular brilliance too. Our approach consisted in returning as much as possible to the relational levers and –through the suspension of the link- the friendship attachment. These suspensions have several characteristics and consequently if censorship holds a big part, the diverse literary quarrels and the philosophical dissensions as well as politically-religious take over our correspondence. Their guiles to supplant the common enemies were able to distract them from their tensions and conquer their public. A rivalry of influence developed their relationship one to another and their mutual feelings. Finally, it is the polemical object symbolized by the letter and the book in a broad sense, the circumstances or the role of companies that moved their friendship feelings
Mattei, Silvia. "Voltaire e i viaggi della ragione." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100040.
Full textThe thesis focuses on the figure of travel in Voltaire’s works and means determine notion and dimension of travel, finding the different ways it translate and express philosophical discourse of the author. Processes are thematic and chronologic at the same time: from Lettres philosophiques (1733) to Le Philosophe ignorant (1767), across the Romans et contes philosophiques (1739 – 1774), the research analyses five variants of Voltaire’s travels : 1) Travel to England; 2) Cosmic travels; 3) Philosophical travels; 4) Cultural travels; 5) Travel trough the history of philosophical thought
Ranzini, Paola. "Entre Voltaire et Ossian : l'esthétique de Melchiorre Cesarotti (1730-1808)." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040274.
Full textMelchiorre Cesarotti's work and thought are generally related to the beginnings of romanticism. The purpose of this study is the redefinition of the monograph of this critic and theorist: we think we found the center of his aesthetic speculation and of his critical activity within the limits of the theatre. His definition of the tragic pleasure and of the perfect tragedy well explains his moderate sensualism, his demand of morality and his rational lucidity. The Ragionamento sopra il diletto della tragedia (1762 ; 1808) was fundamental for our study : in fact from the appearing of this essay on, Cesarotti's speculation applies to a "tragic" aesthetics and the tragic pleasure becomes the artistic pleasure tout court. Such an aesthetics is the basis of the dramatization of the Homeric epos that Cesarotti carried out in his rearrangement of the Iliad, but it is also the basis of the melodramatic pathetism of his poetical translation of Ossian. Besides, some unpublished autographs that we found (Cenni relativi al piano della prefazione sopra il "coriolano" di Shakespeare ; Dramaturgia universale antica e moderna) show that his interest in theatrical composition and his activity as a theatrical critic were from during his lifetime
Chōtiwisit, ʿUbonwan. "Recherche sur la veine satirique de Voltaire dans ses écrits satiriques contre Jean-Jacques Rousseau." Rouen, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ROUEL121.
Full textVoltaire's anti-Rousseau satirical writings including the "Facéties", so much denigrated, confirm more than ever his position as one of the masters of satirical genius with something peculiar to him alone: his penchant for playing games. Everything gives him a chance to play, to enjoy himself: traditional imagery, satirical tactics and the art of the jesting pamphleteer. He gives himself up completely to his verve, his gaiety, his laughter, wit, mischief and imagination. His laughter is infectious. He passes it on to his readers who become his accomplices. That is where the power of his satires lies
Ziobrowska, Joanna. "La poétique du mal dans l'oeuvre de Voltaire." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040174.
Full textThe poetics of evil in Voltaire’s work is a study of Voltaire’s imagination through the images of evil that the author reveals into the world. The exploration of the scenes of misfortunes, of evil, and of the wicked is a reflection on how Voltaire perceives ugliness, the sick, barbarity, war, and inquisition. His pictures depict the Voltairian anxiety and haunting in front of the world’s and man’s disorder. Voltaire rebels against the sufferance of the innocent, the bestial side of the battle’s “heroes”, the intolerance of the churchmen, and superstition. His scenes of evil reveal his surprise – eirôneia in front of the universe and the loathsome man whom Voltaire caricatures even more. His deep distress is a component of his temperament, of his education, of the ideas that prevailed in the world in his époque, and of his unconscious. The reflection on the evil as imagined by Voltaire is accompanied with philosophical, psychological, and stylistic hypotheses that come to one’s mind when confronted with the issue of evil
Azerhad, Annick. "Le dialogue philosophique dans les contes de Voltaire." Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040238.
Full textThis essay attempts to study the philosophical dialogue in Voltaire’s writings, not as the codified genre in itself, but as a device present in the tales. The analysis of these works could make up an example likely to open a new research perspective on the use of philosophical dialogue in the narrative genre. To be specific, it enables to bring out recurring features on the philosophical and aesthetic levels : distrust of language and speech, implying a necessity to redefine a concise, precise and efficient peech to be used in the field of social relationships, in the dealing with moral problems met in everyday life, as well as in scientific research ; rejection of metaphysical questions even if they remain obsessive, and reflection on the openmindedness and candour of the speakers. The aesthetics of the dialogues reflect these conceptions : preference for brevity, dialogues written as parables or as apologues, taken as prophecies or revelations to express intuitions which couldn’t be demonstrated, and original approach of the topic of the conversation. The interaction between the philosophical dialogue and the pattern of the tale turns out to be extremely fruitful : the characters’ adventures add to the depth of the talks, confront them with the facts and confirm their truth or lack of relevance. The characters are conditioned to live an economic, scientific or philosophical experience. They nurture their new knowledge or persist in their naivety or even their stupidity. The flexibility of the tale as a genre favours the emergence of satire in the etymological as well as modern meaning of the word. Dialogues acquire a specificity that leads to the parody of its principle or gives birth to, among other things, a dramatic narrative writing the originality of which must be emphasized
Marty, Frédéric. "Louise Dupin : la pensée d'une féministe entre Montesquieu, Voltaire et Rousseau." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU20109.
Full textIn her day Louise Dupin (1706-1799) was a famous salon holder and a "feminist" author whose writings are still relatively unknown. It took a century and a half for her manuscripts – written by her secretary, a certain Jean-Jacques Rousseau – to leave the hands of her inheritors. Then, due to their geographical dispersion, they remained unpublished for a further sixty years. For the first time, readers can now consult a transcription of the historical and educational parts of her Ouvrage sur les femmes. We shall also explore the feminist part of her "Critique de l’Esprit des lois". The chatelaine of Chenonceau was in fact one of the first to risk a refutation of Montesquieu's work. Voltaire read it attentively. How did she articulate her feminist and political thought in her encounters with the great philosophers of her day? To what degree was her monarchism troubled by convictions whose keyword was equality? We would like to introduce readers to the balanced, erudite and pugnacious character of her historical, political and moral thinking
Fourgnaud, Magali. "Le conte à visée morale et philosophique de Fénélon à Voltaire." Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00997361.
Full textMétayer, Guillaume. "Voltaire chez Nietzsche : libération de l'esprit et réforme de la civilisation." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040178.
Full textKis, Zsuzsa Eszter. "L' Orient dans les contes philosophiques de Montesquieu et de Voltaire." Lyon, Ecole normale supérieure, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENSL0081.
Full textPhilosophical tales by Montesquieu and Voltaire most often take place in the “Orient. ” The goal of this thesis is to underline and explain the “oriental” aspect of both authors’ short stories. How do Montesquieu and Voltaire use both the Orient’s image and aesthetic? Is it mere decoration—an exotic bit of local color—or are there other functions? How might the idea of the “Orient” emerge as a vehicle of philosophical thought? During European Enlightenment, the “Orient” was a relatively unknown space, thus making it amenable to themes of escape and dreaming—themes that are also inherent to the short story genre. The “Orient” as a magical, distant space, coupled with the short story genre itself guarantees a certain freedom for authors. In the following thesis, I show the articulation between the image of the “Orient” and the short story, and specifically how the “Orientalness” of the short story allows writers to transform traditional short stories into philosophical tales. The “Orient”, thanks to its geographical distance, alleviates the harshness of criticism, but at the same time, the lack of a concrete location is a way for writers to universalize, to generalize principles for all of humankind. Philosophical tales, however, do not mirror France—they evoke it through metaphor. Montesquieu and Voltaire take on vital problems from the period, including despotism, fanaticism, and injustice—these are the exact subjects that both interested authors and emerged as the most paramount of the period. The philosophical tale educates and amuses the reader, influenced public opinion at the time, and perhaps most importantly, continues to amuse and teach us at present
Fiszer, Stanisław. "L'image de la Pologne et des polonais dans l'oeuvre de Voltaire." Nancy 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN21023.
Full textA fragmentary and incomplete character of the critic work on the question and its intrinsic importance invite to reopen the investigation on the picture of Poland and poles through the works and polish relations of Voltaire. This doctoral thesis is made up of three parts. The first one, culture and actualities describe the genesis, sources and formation of the picture of Poland. The second one, from the history to the pamphlet, presents the constituent elements of the picture and their reciprocal relations. The third one, debate on the controversial picture, studies its reception, illusions, disillusions and critiques relative to it and to its painter himself. The originality of this approach to the problem consists in putting at the centre of the debate the Voltaire’s political pamphlets which date from later than his historical works. A close examination of these ones and those ones permits to assert the consistency of the philosopher's anti-polish attitude. Nevertheless this attitude, full of nuances, gives rise to numerous misinterpretations. That’s what the author tries to show, summing up critical opinions of Voltaire. He tones down their criticism by presenting the writer's views on Poland in relation to his philosophical, political and social ideas formed by the age of the enlightenment which continues to influence the future centuries
Ménissier, Patricia. "Les amies de Voltaire dans la correspondance (1749-1778)." Nancy 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NAN21021.
Full textThis work attempts to reconstitute the network of Voltaire's ladies friends after Madame de Chatelet's death. By studying his relations in European courts, the Parisian Salons and the Swiss society, one begins to see the spheres of influences that he favors and how he uses them to act in his behalf. Hence, the correspondence with those women is seen as a picture on the said milieus, as a space where those friendships are elaborated and as a strategic object where a rhetoric of friendship is applied. The letters and writings of those women show that their friendship reflects the admiration due to the writer as well as their reticences resulting from their sensitivity or their belonging to a particular milieu. If his ladies friends are expected to become the writer heralds of his ideas and his tastes, their literary and philosophical convictions as well as their writings show the independence with which they fulfill their mission
Macé, Laurence. "Voltaire en Italie (1734-1815) : lecture et censure au siècle des Lumières." Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040273.
Full textHow does the perception of an author and his work relate to the specific constraints of the foreign cultural background in which they are received? What if the author in question is a “monument” like Voltaire and the background of the reception is now perceived as ideologically hostile to the nature of Voltaire’s project, or at best culturally heterogeneous? This work traces the emergence and reception of Voltaire’s texts in the 18th century Italy. It is demonstrated that, after a reception first limited to the framework of the collapsing Republic of Letters, where Voltaire paradoxically played the game of the cattolici illuminati, the break that took place in the late 1740ies, and ultimately the condemnation of the Works in Rome in 1752, opened a new phase in the reception of Voltaire in Italy. The solution of continuity, more ideological than aesthetic, that we can observe deprived the author of his first supports but also made easier the reception of his works in a public sphere which, as it constituted itself, built Voltaire’s work for its own use. A pluri-disciplinary approach, dealing with the role of censorship as well as the ways of making the work one’s own, presents reception as no longer a passive phenomenon of mere adherence but as a concrete and evolving construction of a work and its author. Through Voltaire’s paradigm, reading and censorship appear as two activities between which the lines still remain blurred in 18th century Italy
Fuchet, Serge René. "Lieux et personnages dans les romans et contes de Voltaire : [pour en renouveler la lecture]." Paris 8, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA083073.
Full text"Locations and characters in the novels and tales of Voltaire. To repeat playback. ": that is the subject of this university thesis that examines me about literary techniques of representation of these places and characters. The first part takes stock of acquired knowledges of the subject about the two fields of research which are summoned by this topic: after the existential question, study of these "species of spaces" about which Georges Perec spoke, and then theorisation and typology of characters. The second part tries to answer to the question "Why places and characters?" by bracing myself about the idea of acting: from describing by the action to describe action. And then two strong notions: - places and characters or the reconstitution of the reality, for example by means of travel and its implication in this literature; - places and characters to generate life: the literary concept of the "Instant Trace of Life". The third part develops a thought about the effects of these Voltaire's places and characters on the related stories: from the particular place to the concept of memorial place, from the principal characters to the impact on the reader; when all's said and done places and characters to effect transformations and to change the course of the story. To come to an end, are put in a prominent position the ways of representation of places and characters in the novels and tales by Voltaire. In order to renew the reading of them. Are in particular explained the description, the portrait, and their technical apparatus, so much expected by the project of thesis. To that is added what was not expected: the other ways of representation
Abrougui, Sarra. "Les religions de l'Antiquité classique dans l'œuvre de Voltaire : réception et instrumentalisation." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAC043.
Full textThis doctoral research proposal investigates The Reception and Instrumentalisation of Classical Religions in Voltaire’s Philosophy. Its aim is to contextualise the critical approach used by Voltaire to attack the negative effects of religion. Other 18th Century writers did not see the merit of ancient religions, nor see them as a worthy ideal, but Voltaire discussed them in order to probe the philosophical questions of his time. He did so deliberately, using them as points of reference and counter examples in his ideological fight against the brazen extremism of Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Indeed, the ancient religions are Voltaire’s main argument in his polemical struggle against the false notions and corrupting effects of the monotheistic religions. Should Voltaire’s references to the Greek and Roman religions be situated in the cultural context of the 18th Century? Given the Enlightenment’s polemic philosophy and the triumph of the new spirit of rationality over ancient superstition, this may prove fruitful. Although his approach is to compare and critique the religions of Classical Antiquity, Voltaire seeks to put the universal pretensions of contemporary Christianity into perspective
Manoliaki, Magdalini. "Voltaire burlesque : le voyage dans "La pucelle d'Orléans"." Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040014.
Full textThe long and discontinuous history of La Pucelle finds its unity in the theme of the voyage. The trip is expressed in this hero-comic poem, through the timely movements of the characters, which has a burlesque effect on their behavior. In his poem, Voltaire shows his creative imagination through transport as well as his use of space through the reduction of symbolic places. Mobility guarantees variety. The events effects of rhythm, and digressions avoid the monotony of the poem, which is presented as a hybrid genre, where mixed details signal a failure in aesthetics and serve as a screen to a philosophical message. The theme of the voyage, in La Pucelle, allows Voltaire to abandon himself to his burlesque genius
Bessire, François. ""Détruire de vieux châteaux enchantés" : la Bible dans la correspondance de Voltaire." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040203.
Full textIn Voltaire's correspondence, familiar prose is constantly interwoven with biblical references. No other text is, by far, as present there as is the bible. Voltaire quotes the bible more than his contemporaries. He quotes from the entire bible, not from just a few well-known passages. If the bible is so omnipresent in his correspondence, this is because, far from being reserved for devotion or solemn emphasis, it pervades every subject, including the most trivial. Indeed Voltaire draws all kinds of comparisons from the bible. Referring to both persons and situations. The bible is thus divested of its sacred character. The biblical reference in Voltaire’s hands is manipulated freely or drawn into a play on words, which further accentuates the loss of its sacred character: the bible becomes an opportunity to show off his wit. The bible is also present in his literary correspondence, in which it becomes a motive, an ornament in itself. It is also a model when Voltaire takes up the New Testament epistolary form, using it for the benefit of philosophical "propaganda". The correspondence, lastly, is a brilliant and witty synthesis of Voltaire’s biblical exegesis. What this somewhat vague and disparate text lacks in plausibility, historicity and morality is constantly denounced, but in a fragmented and familiar way, as in a conversation
Masson, Nicole. "Les Petits poèmes de jeunesse de Voltaire, 1711-1933 étude littéraire et critique /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376160450.
Full textGil, Linda. "L’Édition Kehl de Voltaire : une aventure éditoriale et littéraire au tournant des Lumières." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040119.
Full textUpon Voltaire’s death, a group of enlightened admirers of the patriarch founded the « Société Littéraire Typographique » with the aim of publishing a new complete edition of his works. This subversive and pioneering project, directed by Beaumarchais and Condorcet in clandestinity, was aimed at disseminating the texts and ideas of the Enlightenment. Despite the innumerous obstacles standing in the way of this subversive entreprise, the correspondents of the SLT were able to complete « ce cher Voltaire » and deliver to posterity, between 1785 and 1790, an edition in-Octavo in 70 volumes and an edition in-12° in 90 volumes. This complete posthumous edition of Voltaire’s works was a first in the French publishing, both for the luxury and the care which caracterized the realization of the book, « a masterpiece of typographical art » and the correspondence, in which we can see an image of the private man and his intimacy, beside his literary writings. The last volume, the Vie de Voltaire, is the textum and the link between these two parts. For Condorcet, Voltaire had transformed his life into a masterpiece, which the editors wanted to show to posterity for its political and moral value. In addition to its exemplarity, this edition raises many historical, philological and ideological questions related to book history, to the knowledge of the Voltairian corpus, to the major political and ideological issues portrayed in Voltaire’s writings in the very polemical context of pre-Revolutionay times, to the literary myth created by this editorial enterprise, and to the reception of his writings thus made public
Van, de Voorde Jacqueline. "La documentation historique de Voltaire d'après les "Marginalia", t. 1, A-B." Paris 4, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040364.
Full textBoch, Julie. "La fable dans la pensée française de Huet à Voltaire (1680-1760)." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040132.
Full textCadilhon, François. "De Voltaire à Jules Ferry : l'enseignement secondaire en Aquitaine aux XVIIIe et XIXe siècles... /." Talence : Presses universitaires de Bordeaux, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35808653m.
Full textEn appendice, choix de documents. Bibliogr. p. 203-220.
Masson, Nicole. "Les petits poemes de jeunesse de voltaire (1711-1733) : etude litteraire et edition critique." Paris 4, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040449.
Full textThe yound voltaire's poems (1711-1733) are lighter verses, a form of literature less studied. First, we must necessary give a new definition to this form. In these poems, we do find some major influences; from the latin poetry to j. B. Rousseau, included marot, la fontaine and chaulieu. Why voltaire, however very conservative about aesthetics, write, during his all life, so many lighter verses, affected of preciosity? because through these poems he follows the antique horace's epicureanism, as chaulieu and the regency before. We discover too the mark of the locke's sensationalism. So, voltaire develops a modern conception of the individual around two themes : the time, a succession of running instants, and the taste, so far from the strict principles of the classical beauty. This corpus is significative of the voltaire's "art poetique". This kind of critical edition is difficult : we must justify our method and define our own specific way of study. The last part is the critical edition of the corpus
Cambou, Pierre. "Le traitement voltairien du conte." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040109.
Full textVoltaire's tale is less a fictional text than a philosophical concept, a philosophical tool: that approach was made possible by the lesser status and the discredited reputation of a genre as well as by the favor enjoyed by the oriental tale and the fairy tale, which revived an older tradition of parody, and played endless variations on the genre. Paradoxically, the genre was both despised and in fashion, had a recognizable identity but no recognized set of rules. Voltaire, in his Essai, gives it a meaning and a part in the history of the human mind: from then on the word is associated with a new symbolism and the beginnings of reason, with an attempt to interpret the world. At this stage in the 18th century, it is nothing but a remnant of dogmatism with its flaws, systematic procedures, analogical reasoning, metaphorical language, it trusts fiction rather than argumentation, it has become archaic. Voltaire will widen its range to religion, to all the fields of learning, including science. Consequently, the Contes en vers et en prose are not simply tales but a reflection on the symbolism of the tale, no parody but a critical commentary from the inside, on the narrative mode. Today's poetics meet Voltaire’s analysis and style there: the caricature of the major functions of the tale is part of the philosophical project since irony bends the rules of a genre which stops repeating endlessly its own motifs and extolling its own values, to tackle history and become that dialogical space where contemporary ideas confront each other and evolve. Thus, by revising its form and its aims, the tale accedes to a new symbolism and attests to the cultural change in the age of enlightenment. These tales call the tale into question; open-ended, they evolve into other modes of expression, probe the real world, after such a paradoxical and cynical process of change and adaptation that they draw from this very "treatment" an unexpected literary value. That exercise is what we call the challenge and the incongruous
Dubruque, Julien. "Edition critique, histoire, genèse et esthétique des deux versions du Temple de la Gloire de Voltaire et Rameau." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR2024/document.
Full textThe court commissioned Voltaire and Rameau to write Le Temple de la Gloire in celebration of the king’s victorious return from Fontenoy. Premiered in Versailles in 1745, restaged in Paris in December, the opera closed down after its critical and box-office failure. It was considerably reworked, restaged in Paris in April 1746, and then forgotten, although many of its pieces were reused in other works. It is the only Voltaire opera staged at the Royal Academy of Music. This study consists of a double critical edition of the libretto and music of the two versions, from 1745 and 1746. It traces the history of the work from 1745 to the present day (Chapter 1), discusses it genetically (Chapter 2), and analyzes its esthetic reach (Chapter 3), which is considerable. Voltaire is not a courtly flatterer here ; he does not present a model of the conquering king, but rather one of a king who makes the people happy. Thus, in 1745, Voltaire extends his dramatic reforms to opera (less love, more entertainment, Metastasian gravitas). But in the end, in 1746, he gives into Rameau, to the Royal Academy of music’s protocol, and to his audience
Didio, Lucie. "Une approche sémantico-sémiotique de l'ironie." Limoges, 2007. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/3db8ad5b-f130-432b-a647-bdfa3426a4eb/blobholder:0/2007LIMO2009.pdf.
Full textPink, Gillian. "Voltaire a l'ouvrage : une etude de ses traces de lecture et de ses notes marginales." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e966ead9-fa18-4a51-b4f4-8212a8821320.
Full textJanvier, Marie-Hélène. "Une confrontation du discours missionnaire et philosophique : l'interprétation de l'image de la Chine par Montesquieu et Voltaire, 1721-1776." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25244.
Full textLavigne, Claudine. "L' art du masque dans la polémique anti-chrétienne de Voltaire de 1764 à 1769." Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE2012.
Full textRejeb, Sara. "Les pamphlets d'avant le Pamphlet : formes stylistiques et rhétorique du genre. A l'exemple de l'affaire Calas." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL043.
Full textThe current work deals with pamphlet in XVIIIth century. It concerns the stylistic and the rhetoric forms of this literature’s kind as the Calas case by Voltaire. This religious crisis showed the implication of a writer and which probably led to the emergence of the pamphlet. Our analysis was based on lexicographical study and which aimed to plot the different steps that have led the pamphlet to its current meaning. The term pamphlet appeared in 1842 with P.-L. Courriel and was considered by Voltaire as an Anglicism and which was appeared in several related forms. Our hypothesis considers the pamphlet as a full independent literary genre, alongside the canonical forms. We tried to analyze and describe the structural dimensions of the pamphlet to reveal its defining lines. By a specific analysis of our instance case and without applying a pre-established model, we provided a specific typological structure to the pamphlet. Based on a delimited corpus and using the statistical distribution of the grammatical traits and the rhetoric and stylistic processes, we were able to identify networks of literary genres and subgenres. By this analysis we showed that there are ten structural dimensions: pragmatic, enunciative, polyphonic, intellective, ideological, axiological, passionate, stylistic, and rhetoric or argumentative. According to the conceptual features of rhetoric and stylistic, we showed that relative papers to Calas case were potentially in accordance with the modern definition of pamphlet as proposed by M. Angenot and O. Ferret. Some of the defining characteristics admit the existence of the pamphlet before its official appearance, and thus the existence of its practice before its theorization
Méricam-Bourdet, Myrtille. "Écrire l’histoire : figures du pouvoir dans l’œuvre historique de Voltaire." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO20060.
Full textAlthough the historical work of Voltaire takes part in a redefinition of Enlightenment historiography, the art of the historian or his conception of history have been little studied so far. His political view in his historical work has often been reduced to his praise of ‘great men’ and of their action in history. Our study puts this interpretation to the test and highlights the complexity of Voltaire’s reading of history, either in his works dealing with a single reign, or in his universal history, the Essay on the Manners. In order to face the shortcomings of the contemporary political systems, Voltaire uses history writing as a way to express considered conceptions of power and political issues. Voltaire does not expound a systematic theory of political facts; nonetheless, his understanding of historical progress relies on a coherent set of principles. Our study examines his appreciation of power and politics, of theirs foundations – where issues of legitimizing, so important in history writing, are at stake –, and of their achievements. The historical work does not exclusively focus on the action of a few monarchs; it takes also into account the collective action of peoples, and turns its attention to transformations which affect the balance of power and contemporary policies. Then, the work is in touch with current affairs and burning issues, which gives to history writing specific characteristics, and in particular a polemical tone. But it leads also to question the limits of his historical work as well as its definition
Thiam, Mafal. "La tragédie voltairienne et l'esthétique classique." Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040106.
Full textVoltaire is the brightest and the most prolific playwright of his generation. Heir of the big tragic poets of the XVIIth century, he nevertheless wants to reinvent the classic tragedy among which certain rules and agreements seem to him harmful to the creation (for example in the development of the action(share)), but his personal aspiration collide with his own theatrical culture and with the waits(expectations) of a public conservative(curator). By consequence between reforms, innovations, English influences and fidelity in the classic tradition, he(it) gropes. There is at Voltaire at the same moment an attachment to the taste and to the spirit of the classicism, and a real will to break with many aspects of the classic aesthetics. His tragedy vacillates then between membership (support) and aversion in the values of the Big century and establishes (constitutes) itself a new theatrical aesthetics. It is a tragedy at least revolutionary, the consequences of which on the future of the classic tragedy can arouse questioning
Gibert, Ledot Gwenaelle. "Des vies habitées par un rêve : Voltaire et Brecht dans trois fictions biographiques de Jacques-Pierre Amette." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC005/document.
Full textSeveral works by Jacques-Pierre Amette, which focus on great writers such as Brecht and Voltaire, comprise the subject of this dissertation. They arise out of the genre of biographical fiction, and intertextuality plays an essential role in them. The question of reference generally, and more particularly the complex relationship between biographical fiction and the historical referent, constitutes a primary area of reflection. The process of fictionalization of lived experience and the literary work (as well as critical discourses inspired by it), which is at the heart of current analyses of the fictionalized biography, is envisioned here in light of numerous recent works, the main arguments of which are explored and systematically challenged. One of the purposes of this study is to attempt to describe the specificity with which J-P Amette treats this genre. The hypothesis set forth is that this specificity could privilege the myth of Icarus as a representation of the writer, according to particular modalities. At the heart of this interpretation, the demonstration of which will involve an interrogation of Riffaterrianne semiotics of intertextuality, an examination of the authorial figure emerges, which reiterates one of Amette’s major preoccupations, namely the status of the contemporary writer
M'Rabet, El Houcine. "Etude comparative du mythe d'Oedipe dans les oeuvres des dramaturges français classiques Corneille et Voltaire, celles d'André Gide, et de Tawfiq al-Hakim /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37616814x.
Full textM'Rabet, El Houcine. "Etude comparative du mythe d'oepide dans les oeuvres des dramaturges francais classiques : corneille et voltaire, celles d'andre gide et de tawfiq al-hakim." Paris 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA030007.
Full textThis thematic and comparative study of the oedipus'myth in the versions of the greek playwright sophocle, of the french classics corneille and voltaire and those of andre gide and tawfiq al-hakim, will allow to raise again the different usages that these playwrights had done to this legend from the antiquity till our days. This work was divided into three parts. The first treats the greek drama and also the social, political and religious conditions inwhich the masterpiece of sophocle was written, sophocle treats the myth of oedipus under the impulsion of a propitious surroundings in the hatching of a hero "superman". The second part was the object of analysis of the versions done by the classics corneille, voltaire and also andre gide. As for the two classics corneille and voltaire, their plays was completely unnatural by the loving episode which was added to the subject. But for andre gide, he followed closely the greek version of the myth. He treats this tragedy with a familiar language full of derision and anachronism. In the third part, i proceeded to analyse the arabic version of the myth. Tawfiq al-hakim unquestionably referred to the work of andre gide, by referring to the conflict of the political and the religious powers, and not to the conflict of man and god. Therefore, his plot was not based on the current aspect of struggle between man and his fate, but on man's struggle against truth and reality. He draws a parallel between these two notions
Fontany, Laurence. "Trahison et héroi͏̈sation au théâtre : étude de Mahomet de Voltaire (1741), Clavigo de Goethe (1774), Die Rau͏̈ber de Schiller (1781) et Lorenzaccio de Musset (1834)." Grenoble 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE39007.
Full textTomara, Ourania. "Étude diachronique de traductions en grec moderne de deux textes du dix-huitième siècle français : les Lettres Persanes de Montesquieu et Zadig de Voltaire." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040099.
Full textThe thesis studies the translations into Modern Greek of two works of the French Enlightenment. It examines the ideological hallmarks of the Greek Enlightenment in light of the sociocultural reality of the Greek-speaking world, in order to elucidate the origins of the language controversy as well as the various forces shaping translations and language at that time. It also explores the ideological affinities between Montesquieu, Voltaire and the Greek Enlightenment, as well as the reception of the two writers in Greece. The art of translation is separately analyzed and discussed, as is language as key to a novel methodological approach towards translation in the Greek-speaking world of the 19th century. Throughout the thesis, linguistic matters are addressed against the backdrop of ideological developments. The approach to the individual works is intended to reveal the linguistic choices that were made, how these affected the lexicological development of the language, and the sociocultural context in which this occurred. The thesis concludes with an extensive lexicological analysis of terms found in the corpus, predicated on a comparison of the different translations of the two works in question, from the 19th century to the present. The semantic evolution of the terms studied is traced in detail, using a wide range of literary sources and dictionaries, going back to the 1700s. Based on this historical cultural and lexicological groundwork, a number of conclusions are drawn. In the end, this study of the language and vocabulary reveals certain tendencies and, more generally, sheds new light on the dynamics and advancement of the Modern Greek lexicon as a whole
Yang, Qiutian. "Un philosophe voltairien : le réalisme de Rivarol (1753-1801)." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040266.
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