Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'État de contraintes résiduelles'
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Meneau, Caroline. "Croissance de nitrure d'aluminium par traitements plasma de surface d'Al ; corrélations entre microstructure, état micromécanique et comportement tribologique." Poitiers, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998POIT2304.
Full textKhalij, Leila. "Détermination directe des états limites et des champs de contraintes résiduelles pour les structures chargées cycliquement : application de la méthode d'analyse simplifiée." Lille 1, 2002. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2002/50376-2002-23.pdf.
Full textBerrahmoune, Mohamed Reda. "Transformation martensitique et rupture différée dans l'acier austénitique instable 301LN." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002460.
Full textBastier, Arnaud. "Modélisation du soudage d'alliages d'aluminium par friction et malaxage." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00122388.
Full textLors de la première étape, un calcul stationnaire thermohydrodynamique couplé permet d'obtenir le champ de température et l'écoulement de matière autour de l'outil. Pour cela, un comportement purement visqueux est adopté et la zone de contact outil-matière est modélisée par des conditions de glissement. Des données expérimentales obtenues par thermographie infrarouge ont permis de fixer deux paramètres de ce modèle.
La seconde étape du modèle s'appuie sur un comportement élastoviscoplastique pour déterminer l'état mécanique résiduel d'un assemblage. Pour cela, l'écoulement de matière permet de suivre l'histoire de chaque particule, en particulier lors de leur passage autour de l'outil. Le champ de température permet de quantifier la dissolution des précipités durcissants au sein de l'alliage et de tenir compte de la variation avec la température des paramètres de la loi de comportement adoptée. En outre, la fraction de précipités dissous est reliée à la limite d'élasticité du matériau. Une méthode de calcul stationnaire est utilisée pour obtenir directement l'état stationnaire des variables mécaniques.
Les résultats obtenus sont en accord avec des profils de contraintes résiduelles publiés dans la littérature. De plus, l'influence de la vitesse de soudage et de la vitesse de rotation de l'outil a été étudiée au regard des contraintes résiduelles simulées.
Mainjot, Amélie. "Etude des contraintes résiduelles dans la céramique d’émaillage." Paris 13, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA132040.
Full textThe manufacture of dental crowns and bridges generates residual stresses within the veneering ceramic and framework during the cooling process. Knowing the stress distribution within the veneering ceramic as a function of depth can help the optimizing of manufacturing processes and the understanding of failures, particularly chipping, a frequent complication with zirconia-based fixed partial dentures. The first objective of this work was to transfer and to adapt an effective industrial method, the hole-drilling method, for measuring residual stresses to dental use,and to demonstrate the method for measurement of residual stresses in veneer-metal (VM) and veneer-zirconia (VZr) disks. The adapted method, presented in the earliest chapters, enables the very low stresses measurement in comparison with industrial applications, notably due to the development of a high sensitivity electrical measurement chain. The second objective was to study the influence of cooling rate, veneer thickness, and framework thickness on residual stress profile, and to compare measurements in VM and VZr structures. Results described in the following chapters reveal that VM samples always exhibited the same type of favorable stress vs. Depth profile, starting with compressive stresses at the ceramic surface, decreasing with depth, and then becoming compressive again. VZr samples showed varying stress profiles, some describing a worse curve, where the in-surface compressive stresses were found to turn into tensile stresses in the interior. A chronological two-step approach is discussed to explain residual stress development in metal-based samples,and a three-step approach,comprising the hypothesis of the phase transformation, is proposed for zirconia-based samples. The results highlighted the difficulty of defining the adequate ratio between veneer and zirconia framework thickness,and the slow cooling procedures were shown to promote tensile stress development in VZr samples
Belahcene, Farid. "Détermination des contraintes résiduelles superficielles par méthode ultrasonore." Troyes, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TROY0005.
Full textPeng, Jun. "Détermination des contraintes résiduelles dans les revêtements par diffraction des rayons X en faible incidence." Paris, ENSAM, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENAM0019.
Full textA new Pseudo-Grazing Incident X-Ray Diffraction (Pseudo-GIXRD) method for experimental stress analysis, noticed sin2ψ*, was developed to analyze the residual stress (RS) gradient in coatings. This method takes into account the crystalline orientations, the geometry of measurement (the incidence angle, the tilt angles ψ and the thickness of analyzed layer) in order to know the exact depth of penetration. By this method, we can not only evaluate the average level of the RS in coatings, but also determine the gradient and their distribution by varying the incident angles for various desired penetration depths. Uncertainties of measurement were then evaluated and the influence of the surface roughness was studied with some samples loaded by known mechanical traction. An analytical model was established for the correction of the roughness influence on RS determination. In addition, a machined sample of Nickel based alloy with strong RS gradient was studied by applying our sin2ψ* method to evaluate the sensitivity of this method. Two series of thin film (Cu on the substrate of Ni with a phase obtained by PVD and Tantalum on the substrate of Ti with two phases α and β obtained by CVD) were applied by the new method to study the distribution of RS in these near surface layers. The comparison of the results obtained with those by two other methods showed that this new Pseudo-GIXRD method is reliable and easy to be used to determine the level and the distribution of RS
Vali, Ali. "Etude des contraintes résiduelles en usinage assisté par laser." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ECAP0466.
Full textMaras, Afaf. "Etude expérimentale et numérique des contraintes résiduelles dans des structures à double gradient de contraintes." Troyes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TROY0010.
Full textThe knowledge of residual stresses allows a reliable prediction of the evolution of structure performances, and its service life. On this study, we present a new method for residual stresses determination. This method is applied particularly to structures that contain a stress gradient in depth and in surface, like it can be found in welded structures. The internal stress field is mechanically perturbed with the incremental machining of a groove. The mechanical equilibrium is modified in tow directions. A new state of stress is created in the structure when the stress field is mechanically disturbed. The structure finds a new equilibrium state generating displacements on the surface. These displacements are measured using the Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry (ESPI). The measured displacements field is linked to residual stresses using calibration coefficients calculated with the element finite method. We obtain a representation of the residual stress field in two directions, in-depth and along groove. The utilization of this method for the study of ultrasonic shot-peening is presented. We present also a method for the introduction of a residual stress field in a finite elements model. This method is applied to an Almen strip, its generalization for complexe geometries will allow to use the residual stress field as an initial condition for ameliorated numerical simulations of structure
Ballard, Patrick. "Contraintes résiduelles induites par impact rapide. Application au choc-laser." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 1991. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001897.
Full textHacini, Lyès. "Étude des effets du martelage répétitif sur les contraintes résiduelles." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2009. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/53/1/HACINI_Ly%C3%A8s.pdf.
Full textDevos, Dany. "Estimation des contraintes résiduelles dans le verre par méthode ultrasonore." Valenciennes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006VALE0035.
Full textThe estimation of residual stresses is important in the glass industry. Indeed, the mechanical strength of piece of glass is strongly linked to the internal stresses distribution. This study deals with the nondestructive evaluation of these stresses by the use of ultrasonic method. The variation of the velocity of acoustic wave propagation according to the stresses constitutes the acoustoelasticity theory. Within the framework of this theory, we have studied the dependence of the velocity of Rayleigh wave propagation according to residual stress profiles resulting from quenching and bending. This wave has been chosen because its dispersion with the stress gradient makes it possible to analyze the thickness of the material. The originalities of this work are: the study of the equivalent elastic constant in natural coordinates, the introduction of the surface acoustoelastic coefficient and the theoretical analysis of the influence of the stress profile on the Rayleigh wave propagation versus frequency. Various measurement techniques have been implemented (piezoelectric generation/detection and laser detection) on various samples and especially on a soda-lime-silica glass which has been thermally quenched in a nonhomogeneous way. Moreover, a double interferometric detection made it possible to overcome the difficulties related to the surface curve. The experimental investigations highlight the sensitivity and the potentialities of the ultrasonic method for the estimation of the residual stresses in glass
Montay, Guillaume. "Détermination des contraintes résiduelles par la méthode du trou incrémental." Troyes, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TROY0001.
Full textBraham, Sahbi. "Modélisation du galetage des vilebrequins : évolution des contraintes résiduelles sous chargement de service." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991EPXX0035.
Full textDeléglise-Lagardère, Mylène. "Caractérisation et modélisation des contraintes résiduelles dans les pièces composites épaisses." Lille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LIL10150.
Full textPolymer matrix composite materials are more and more chosen for thick structural parts applications. However, thermal and chemical shrinkages can occur during resin polymerization, creating residual stresses. An experimental method based on incremental matrix dissolution for stress relaxation was developed to determine residual stress profiles. Those profiles were comparable to those obtained numerically. The developed approach is based on the thermal and curing history prediction during composite manufacturing. The residual stress profile is then calculated using the laminate plate theory. The generation of residual stresses as well as the temperature at the polymerization peak were shown to be of great importance. Moreover, an inverse method for determination of thermal parameters induced by resin flows during composite manufacturing was presented. The temperature profile and thus the residual stresses can then be modelled accurately
Edeline, Gwenaël. "Méthode énergétique de simulation de propagation de fissure et contraintes résiduelles." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EPXX0060.
Full textShamshirsaz, Mahnaz. "Contraintes résiduelles dues à l'élaboration dans des plaques métalliques minces multicouches." Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10062.
Full textSchuman, Christophe. "Etude de l'évolution de la texture cristallographique d'acier extra-doux au cours du tréfilage et d'une opération particulière de laminage : détermination des contraintes internes." Metz, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1994/Schuman.Christophe.SMZ941.pdf.
Full textThe aim of yhis work is to determine the influence which the texture of the material in the case of the IFS and Al-killed steels may have on the drawability limit according to different drawing and metallurgical conditions. A study of the texture during a specific cold rolled process has also been carried out to compare the obtained textures with two different deformation processes. Since any plastic deformation introduces residual stresses in the material, it was necessary to quantify them in order to predict the in-use behaviour of the material. These residual stresses by means of X-ray diffraction have been determined by taking the crystallographic texture into account
Valiorgue, Frédéric. "Simulation des processus de génération de contraintes résiduelles en tournage du 316L : nouvelle approche numérique et expérimentale." Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EMSE0038.
Full textThe main goal of this thesis proposed by AREVA NP is to predict the residual stresses induced by finishing turning of AISI 316L. The numerical model is simulating the residual stresses generation with a new approach by applying directly equivalent thermo-mechanical loadings onto the finished workpiece surface without modeling the chip removal process. Thus, this study is divided in two complementary main subsections. On one hand, an experimental campaign is carried out to record data and to compute thermomechanical loadings. This task is made using the AREVA NP parameters. On the other hand numerical models are set up using previous measured values. They are made to reproduce the residual stresses generation by applying and moving the thermo mechanical loadings. The study leads to interesting results because the shapes of the residual stresses curves agree with previous works concerning this topic and with XRD measured residual stresses. The new approach seems to be pertinent because it is possible to simulate several tool passages like no other numerical model
Henninger, Carole. "Prise en compte des contraintes résiduelles dans un critère d'amorçage en rupture fragile." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00263402.
Full textEn mécanique de la rupture fragile, une des difficultés majeures concerne la prédiction de l'amorçage de fissures en l'absence de défaut initial. Leguillon a proposé un critère d'amorçage combinant une condition énergétique de type Griffith et une condition de contrainte maximum. La mise en oeuvre du critère fait intervenir les développements asymptotiques raccordés et la théorie des singularités. La bonne corrélation du modèle avec des mesures expérimentales pour les matériaux homogènes isotropes sous chargement mécanique pur a conduit à envisager l'extension du critère afin de prendre en compte des contraintes résiduelles.
La comparaison du critère modifié avec des mesures expérimentales sur un assemblage aluminium/époxyde sous chargement thermo-mécanique se révèle satisfaisante quant à la prédiction de la rupture de l'interface entre les composants. Elle permet également de mettre en évidence, par inversion, une méthode d'identification des paramètres de rupture de cette interface. Le critère modifié est appliqué également à l'analyse de la décohésion tuile/structure dans les aiguilles formant le limiteur du tokamak Tore Supra. En effet, des contraintes résiduelles d'origine thermique et plastique apparaissent dans la partie métallique des tuiles de protection.
Lévesque, Jean-Benoît. "Développement d'une méthode de calcul des contraintes résiduelles pour la méthode des contours et mesures expérimentales des contraintes résiduelles de joints soudés en T sous l'influence de bridage." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2010. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/277/1/L%C3%89VESQUE_Jean%2DBeno%C3%AEt.pdf.
Full textAlhussein, Akram. "Transport et stockage des dérivés pétroliers : problématique d'endommagement des pipes par érosion de sable et par hydrogène." Thesis, Metz, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010METZ034S/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we have treated the local damage of pipes, with API 5L X52 steel, by impact of sand and hydrogen. The erosion occurs by the projection of corundum (Al2O3), with an average grain size between 300 and 400μm. The variables are the sanding time (between 1 and 8 hours) and the specimen notch radius (0.25 to 1 mm). The effect of erosion is characterized by: mass loss, eroded volume, evolution of notch parameters, residual stress analysis and microhardness HV. We noticed that longer the sanding time and larger the notch radius, more significant is the damage. Residual stresses introduced by sandblasting play an important role on the material resistance. The second part concerns the damage of pipes by the presence of hydrogen. Tests were carried out at a constant potential of -1Vsce, and in a standard electrolytic solution: NS4 (Natural Soil 4). The quantity and the concentration of absorbed hydrogen were evaluated. By performing different mechanical tests: Tensile, Charpy and fatigue, we determined the influence of sandblasting and hydrogen on the mechanical properties of pipes. The results indicate that the sandblasting improves the elongation at fracture and the lifetime of pipe, but on the other side, hydrogen reduces them because "he" penetrates into the steel and changes the failure mechanism. The evolution of material microstructure and fracture mode were observed by scanning electron microscope. The decrease in steel grains size, at the sandblasted notch tip, is a sign of large plastic deformation. The cracks in steel, charged with hydrogen, propagate along the porosity path. Finally, the harmfulness of notch, under sandblasting and hydrogen, was studied by the Modified Failure Assessment Diagram. We have shown that the notch with a depth of 20% of the pipe thickness isn’t dangerous, but the brittleness caused by the presence of hydrogen reduces the safety and security factors about 7%
Jegou, Sébastien. "Influence des éléments d'alliage sur la genèse des contraintes résiduelles d'aciers nitrurés." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005632.
Full textCharette, Olivier. "Effet des contraintes résiduelles sur les paramètres modaux dans les structures soudées." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2011. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/675/1/CHARETTE_Olivier.pdf.
Full textZhou, Xiaolai. "Etude paramétrique pour la détermination des contraintes résiduelles par la méthode ultrasonore." Troyes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TROY0013.
Full textThe use of the ultrasonic method to determine the residual stresses focuses on studies of concrete cases, i. E. On the measurement of industrial parts. This method of measurement is of-ten based on the acoustoelastic effect which describes the dependence of the wave velocity upon the stress state in materials. The technique is non-destructive, without danger and easy to put into practice. These advantages motivate us to develop it further. There are many studies about the application of this method in particular cases. But some inherent general problems within the technique were not solved. These problems represent for example the penetration depth of the wave, the effect of the change of microstructure, etc. Consequently, during this work, we were particularly interested in studying the various parameters being able to affect the measurements, for a better determination of the residual stresses using this ultrasonic method. Moreover, a new methodology concerning the amplitude of the ultrasonic signals for the quality control of the shot-peened components was developed. It consists in measuring the attenuation of the amplitude rather than the variation of the wave velocity. In order to show the feasibility of this method, the shot-peened specimens being relaxed by thermal and mechanical treatments, were checked by the ultra-sonic method, and were validated by the incremental hole-drilling method
Benrabah, Abderrahim. "Influence des contraintes résiduelles sur le comportement en fretting des matériaux métalliques." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ECDL0038.
Full textZahouane, Abdel Illah. "Fatigue des joints soudés hétérogènes : rôle des contraintes résiduelles et aspects métallurgiques." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112217.
Full textFerritic austenitic welded joints are complex junctions often difficult to obtain and are subjected to special service loadings due to the presence of dissimilar materials having different chimical and physical properties. Some nuclear reactor components are loaded in such a way that fatigue resistance of these joints is involved. In this work, the effect of residual stresses on crack propagation in a ferritic austenitic welded joint has been taken in consideration. For this purpose, residual stresses measurements on the joint have been performed. Measurements of these stresses have been obtained by hole drilling method (drilling of a hale at the center of a gauge roset stuck at the surface of the material). The presence of non un1form residual stress field, (due in particular to the difference between the expansion coefficients of the steels used to manufacture the joint), implies the use of special function called transmissibility function, to calculate residual stresses in the thicness of different samples used in this study. All the results obtained allow the explain the phenomenon encountered during crack propagation, in particular, the decrease of the crack propagation rate observed in some cases. As a matter of fact, high levels of residual stresses have been measured in the ferritic steel, near the ferritic austenitic weld boundary. These residual stresses produce the decrease of the crack propagation rate in this zone. To take into account this internal stress field, we suggest to calculate residual stress intensity factors Kres derived by weight. Function methods. When crack propagates, the effective stress intensity factor range ΔKeff is given by: ΔKeff = K appl. Max. + Kres
Pilloz, Michel. "Revêtements laser multi couches multimatériau : maîtrise des traitements et des contraintes résiduelles." Lyon, INSA, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ISAL0029.
Full textBléhaut, Hervé. "Influence des contraintes résiduelles sur l'intégrité des surfaces lors de parachèvements mécaniques." Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2003/50376-2003-281.pdf.
Full textCazayus-Claverie, Samuel. "Effect of residual stress on the elasticity of fiber networks." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS030.
Full textCells are the basic units of all living organisms. Eukaryotic cells are stuctured on top of a scaffold of fibers ranging from stiff microtubules to semiflexible actin : the cytoskeleton. As such the cytoskeleton is involved into a broad family of processes of translocation and deformation of cells, it is also responsible for cells mechanical stiffness. The actin filaments into cytoskeleton can be cross-linked into bundles built of as much as 30 parallel filaments, but filaments can get bound at a finite angle also. These processes are in competition during network's self-assembly and result in strong residual stresses.In this thesis, we study the effect of these residual stresses on the elasticity of fiber networks in 2 dimensions of space. We develop an original method to compute stress on the boundaries of a network and its elastic moduli. We find that residual stress induces a stiffening in the infinitesimal response of the network. Residual stress also affects the non linear response of the network : we find that it makes the network unstable under compression, and that they control the onset of non linear response to shear
Pimard, Alain. "200 1#Etude de l'aptitude au cintrage des tubes Cu-b écrouis en liaison avec la texture et la répartition des contraintes résiduelles." Lyon, INSA, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985ISAL0015.
Full textLacoste, Emmanuel. "Modélisation et simulation multi-échelles des contraintes d'élaboration et de service dans les matériaux composites." Nantes, 2010. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=c1682c0b-ad83-4eda-8a9b-10bdb4a7e9e5.
Full textIn this thesis, multi-scale methods were used in order to describe the behaviour of an organic-matrix composite material, made of unidirectional reinforcing strips randomly disposed in the layout. The mean-field approach (Mori-Tanaka and self-consistent models) allowed us to forecast the mechanical properties of the composite via a two-steps procedure. The difficulties linked to the coexistence in the material of several morphologies of inclusions were overtaken with a more general formulation of the self-consistent model. This model also allowed us to estimate the local service stresses in the composite. Those stresses in the UD strips were also computed with a periodic full-field approach, using the finite elements, which highlighted the advantages and limits of the mean-field approaches. Relying on a description of the resin’s behaviour as a function of temperature and reticulation degree, the evolutions of the composite’s properties and local residual stresses (created by the thermochemical shrinkage of the resin) along the fabrication process could be determined, for several constraints applied to the composite. The problematic of the residual distortions of composite parts was also addressed, focusing on the effect of angle spring-in in L-shaped parts yielded by the material anisotropy. The finite elements allowed us to simulate this spring-in and also the mould-part interactions, accounting for the evolutions of the mechanical properties during the cure process. The opportunity of using a composite mould to cure composite parts was also evaluated
Lovato, Georges. "Rhéologie des joints brasés : étude expérimentale et détermination par méthode inversé." Paris, ENMP, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ENMP0563.
Full textM'Ghaieth, Ridha. "Evolution de la méthode de tirage E. P. R. De rubans de Si polycristallins destinés à la production de photopiles." Lyon, INSA, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ISAL0027.
Full textParant, Olivier. "Étude expérimentale et calcul des contraintes résiduelles dans des tubes extrudés en polyéthylène." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00443735.
Full textLe modèle le plus simple, basé sur une loi de comportement liquide - solide élastique, a mis en évidence deux mécanismes de formation des contraintes résiduelles. Le premier est relié aux différences de température lors du refroidissement qui provoquent des différences de retrait dans l'épaisseur. Ceci met les couches extérieures du tube en compression et les couches intérieures en traction. Ce profil de contrainte fait se refermer le tube lorsqu'on le découpe suivant la génératrice
Le second mécanisme est relié aux efforts extérieurs qui s'appliquent sur le tube. La dépression dans le calibreur maintient le tube contre la chambre de calibrage et l'empêche de se rétracter lors du refroidissement ce qui induit des contraintes de traction dans les couches solidifiées. En fait la dépression bloque le retrait thermique qui était à l'origine du premier mécanisme. Si la dépression est suffisante pour maintenir le tube jusqu'à la fin de la solidification le profil de contraintes résiduelles est nul. Les profils de contraintes intermédiaires sont obtenus par une évolution des conditions aux limites lors de la solidification, la dépression n'étant en faite pas suffisante pour maintenir le contact pendant toute la solidification.
Le modèle élastique a également mis en avant l'influence des forces axiales et en particulier les forces de frottement entre le tube et la chambre de calibrage. En étirant le tube, elles tendent à diminuer son diamètre. La dépression bloque cette rétraction en plus du retrait thermique. Ceci accentue les contraintes de traction dans les couches extérieures jusqu'à inverser le profil des contraintes résiduelles. Le tube peut alors s'ouvrir lorsqu'on le découpe suivant la génératrice.
Le modèle élastique est suffisant pour expliquer l'influence de la dépression sur le profil des contraintes résiduelles. Cependant les propriétés des matériaux que ce modèle peut prendre en compte restent assez éloignées de celui des polyéthylènes pendant le refroidissement.
Le modèle viscoélastique que nous avons développé est original par rapport à la bibliographie dans le sens où la variation du volume spécifique et les propriétés mécanique lors de la transition fluide -- solide sont directement basés sur l'évolution du taux de cristallinité, paramètre du premier ordre sur le comportement physique du matériau.
Le taux de cristallinité peut être obtenu dans le modèle soit par le modèle de cristallisation d'Ozawa soit en reprenant directement les résultats obtenus par DSC. Celui-ci est alors utilisé pour déterminer l'évolution du volume spécifique et permet de tenir de l'importante rétraction du matériau qui se produit lors de la cristallisation. L'influence du retrait du à la cristallisation doit cependant être nuancé car il se produit à des températures pour lesquelles la relaxation des contraintes n'est pas négligeable. Pour des matériaux semi-cristallins tel que les polyéthylènes, il est donc nécessaire d'utiliser un modèle viscoélastique pour pouvoir prendre en compte le retrait lors de la cristallisation.
Afin de pouvoir appliquer les forces d'étirage et de frottement dès le début de la solidification, nous avons montré qu'il était nécessaire de tenir compte des contraintes dans les couches non solidifiées afin de charger progressivement les couches solidifiées. Le comportement viscoélastique des matériaux est pris en compte dans les états fluides et solide par des lois de Maxwell multimode. La répartition des contraintes prédit dans les couches fluides et solides par le modèle viscoélastique permet d'avoir une première information sur l'importance des propriétés mécaniques du matériau à l'état fluide. Les calculs permettent d'expliquer en partie l'orientation mesurée dans les couches extérieures lors de l'étude des polyéthylènes basse densité linéaire.
Le modèle viscoélastique apporte peu de renseignements supplémentaires sur les mécanismes de formation des contraintes résiduelles finales mais il permet de les quantifier en utilisant des caractéristiques matériaux proches de celles des polyéthylènes lors du refroidissement.
Une étude numérique confirme que le procédé de calibrage est relativement sensible à tous les paramètres du procédé et caractéristiques du matériau même si la dépression reste le paramètre de premier ordre.
Finalement, les comparaisons entre les calculs et l'expérience montrent que nous sommes parvenus à borner la réalité en expliquant l'origine des contraintes résiduelles qui se forment lors du calibrage des tubes.
Amri, Brahim. "Effet d'hystérésis de la dilatation thermique sur les contraintes résiduelles dues au soudage." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2008. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/146/1/AMRl_Brahim.pdf.
Full textCastrataro, Albert. "Mesure et prédiction des contraintes résiduelles dans une turbine hydraulique de type Francis." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2006. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/542/1/CASTRATARO_Albert.pdf.
Full textPlamondon, Dominic. "Mesure des contraintes résiduelles à l'interface implant-ciment des prothèses de hanche cimentées." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2005. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/363/1/PLAMONDON_Dominic.pdf.
Full textMorin, Olivier. "Calcul des contraintes résiduelles dues au soudage par la méthode des éléments finis." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2006. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/500/1/MORIN_Olivier.pdf.
Full textLu, Jian. "Mesure de la distribution des contraintes résiduelles par la méthode du trou incrémentale." Compiègne, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986COMPD045.
Full textDurand, Nicolas. "Contraintes résiduelles et microstructure dans des films minces de tungstène : évolution sous irradiation." Poitiers, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994POIT2336.
Full textAsserin, Olivier. "Analyse des contraintes résiduelles dans un acier martensitique F82H soudé par faisceau d'électrons." Reims, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REIMS034.
Full textBonaventure, Alix. "Evaluation expérimentale et numérique des contraintes résiduelles dans des structures soudées en multipasse." Troyes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TROY0011.
Full textArc multipass welding is the assembly process of thick components. For dissimilar joints, different materials (filler and base metals) are used for the assembly. The residual stresses induced by welding are difficult to evaluate because of the multiplicity and difficulty of welding process combined with multi-material aspects. However it is important to estimate them because they may be the cause of damage and then affect the mechanical joint integrity. In this context, welding residual stresses have been evaluated by experimental and numerical methods in a multipass arc welded dissimilar joint. Two complementary methods are used: Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry hole drilling and neutron diffraction. The thermometallurgical and mechanical effects of welding process are next simulated by a finite element analysis with software Sysweld®. In order to study the difficulties of experimental characterizations and the simulation setting up, two simplified mock-ups have been considered in a first step. Then the analysis have been extended on a bimetallic tubular joint (16MND5/Inconel 82/316L), which is representative of configurations in primary coolant circuit of pressurized water nuclear reactors. The comparison of experimental and numerical results for the plane and tubular mock-ups allows the characterization of the thermalmetallurgical-mechanical calculations relevancy
Parant, Olivier. "Etude expérimentale et calcul des contraintes résiduelles dans des tubes extrudés en polyéthylène." Paris, ENMP, 2002. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00443735.
Full textDuquennoy, Marc. "Analyse ultrasonore des contraintes résiduelles dans les alliages d'aluminium par ondes de Rayleigh." Valenciennes, 1997. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/a6bea93f-dcf7-4b3a-9275-e1aaeb5e6a12.
Full textHadad, Mousab. "Évaluation de l’adhérence et des contraintes résiduelles de revêtements obtenus par projection thermique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10115/document.
Full textFor thermal sprayed coatings that are characterized by thick coatings, the adhesion to the substrate and residual stresses are the main parameters determining their performance in service. Although many methods have been tried to assess adhesion, there is no test, nowadays, that satisfies all requirements, both technical and theoretical, necessary to properly represent the adhesion of a coating on its substrate. The essential idea here is to compare several test methods capable of delivering an interface toughness or interfacial fracture energy representative of the adhesion of coatings. Various conditions of spraying as well as different materials and substrates were used. Apart from the EN582 standard test, indentation interfacial, in-plane shear and C-Rockwell indentation associated with a finite element modeling were used. The residual stresses were estimated using the curvature bending, the incremental hole drilling and the indirect method based on the results of the interfacial indentation. We show that the methods of interfacial indentation and in-plane tensile tests provide the best prospects in terms of consistency and reliability of the physical quantities obtained. For example, for metallic coatings, a quasi-linear correlation was found between the results of the interface indentation and the in-plane tensile tests. This result is very important since both tests provide fully consistent and reliable results, thus demonstrating their relevance to assess adhesion. Finally, the annealing process, allowing the establishment of a new state of residual stress within the coating and substrate, was used to analyze the influence of residual stresses on adhesion
Aubry, Agnès. "Mesure, par diffraction des rayons X, des contraintes résiduelles dans les couches d'oxyde : application au système Ni/NiO." Compiègne, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985COMPI193.
Full textMathieu, Norman. "Modélisation numérique du procédé de planage des bandes minces." Thesis, Metz, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011METZ026S/document.
Full textLeveling is a forming process used in the aluminum industry in order to correct flatness defects and minimize residual stresses in thin metallic strips thanks to bending under tension. After testing an analytical model of multiroll leveling and raising the limits of this approach, this thesis manuscript introduces a three-dimensionnal Finite Element model to simulate the sheet conveying in an industrial configuration of stretcher. It can compute plastic strains and residual stresses through width and thickness. Initial flatness defetcs are taken into account in the entering strip and we verify how they are corrected at the exit. Then, to reduce model size and computation time, a second approach with two elementary configurations coupling and data transfer is compared to whole model of stretcher. This alternative model is applied to study the profiled rolls effect. Finally, it predicts the deformed strip after springback and potential buckling phenomena
Mesnier, Nicolas. "Biomécanique de la croissance de la plaque d'athérosclérose : contribution à l'étude des contraintes résiduelles." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00619289.
Full textWen, Zhongmeng. "Contribution à l'étude des contraintes résiduelles sur le comportement mécanique des composites stratifiés ±θ." Thesis, Troyes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TROY0019/document.
Full textThis thesis work consists of two main parts: Deter-mination of residual stresses in composites laminates ±θ, introduced by the thermal cycle during the manufacturing process of laminates and Study of their influences on the mechanical behavior of these laminates. Limited by the current theory, the exper-imental determination of residual stresses in the laminates ±θ was very difficult. In this work, the incremental hole drilling method was performed for the residual stresses relaxation and then the gener-ated strains around the hole were measured with strain gages. The new approach proposed in this thesis allows associating the strains around the hole and the residual stresses in the laminates ±θ. The calibration coefficients were determined by the numerical simulation. With this approach, we found a linear relationship between the residual stresses and the fiber orientation angle θ for the composite laminates [02/θ2]s. By adapting a thermoelastic ma-terial model, the results obtained by our new ap-proach were modelized by the numerical study. Then we studied the influence of laminate thickness, curing cycle and hydrothermal ageing on the distri-bution of residual stresses. With the help of acoustic emission technique, the influences of the residual stresses on the damage and the mechanical behavior of composite laminates were studied through tensile tests. Finally, the importance of the residual stresses on the transverse failure of composite laminates was demonstrated comparing with the theoretical results